翻译练习全集及解析

翻译练习全集及解析

一、高中英语翻译

1．高中英语翻译题：Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1．为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。(leave)

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2．深深吸了一口气，他面带微笑地走上了舞台。(with)

_________________

3．一个人待人处世的方式能反映出他是怎样的人。(the way)

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4．只有当一系列奇数问题得到解决，到 2025 年，新能源汽车才能占汽车销量的百分之二十。(Only)

_________________

【答案】

1．For the sake of safety/ For safety, children / a child should not be left alone at home 2．Having taken a deep breath, he went up to the stage with a smile on his face.

3．The way a person treats others can reflect what kind of person he is.

4．Only when a series of technical problems are solved can new energy cars account for 20 percent of all the car sales by 2025.

【解析】

【分析】

本题考查翻译，注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。

1．考查被动语态和“leave+宾语+宾补”结构。根据句意可知本句使用 leave sb alone表示“把某人单独留下”，children / a child与leave之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，故翻译为：For the sake of safety/ For safety, children / a children should not be left alone at home

2．考查非谓语动词。he与take a deep breath之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，而且take a deep breath明显发生在went up to之前，所以用现在分词的完成式作状语，故翻译为：Having taken a deep breath, he went up to the stage with a smile on his face.

3．考查定语从句和宾语从句。way作先行词，定语从句的关系词，有三中引导方法：in which，that或省略，reflect为宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，用what引导，故翻译为：The way a person treats others can reflect what kind of person he is.

4．考查倒装。account for表示“占（比例）”，“only+状语”位于句首时，其后要用部分倒装，故翻译为：Only when a series of technical problems are solved can new energy cars account for 20 percent of all the car sales by 2025.

2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1．熬夜大大影响健康。(affect)

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2．等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time)

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3．从长远来看，你的知识面越广，就越有能力应付工作中的问题。(capable)

_________________________

4．据信，过分溺爱孩子会不知不觉地造成孩子的坏脾气，甚至缺乏自理能力。(It)

_________________________

【答案】

1．Staying up late affects one’s health greatly.

2．By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up.

3．In the long run, the wider range of knowledge you have, the more capable you are of dealing with the problems at work.

4．It is believed that spoiling children too much may unconsciously cause their bad temper, even the lack of ability to take care of themselves.

【解析】

【分析】

本题考查翻译句子，注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。

1．考查非谓语动词。affect表示“影响”，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，stay up表示“熬夜”，本句使用动名词作主语，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，注意动名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数，故翻译为：Staying up late affects one’s health greatly.

2．考查时态语态。by the time引导的时间状语从句，表示将来的时间时，从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时，stadium与set up之间是被动关系，所以用将来完成时的被动语态，故翻译为：By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up.

3．考查固定句式。be capable of表示“能够”，根据句意可知本句使用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，陈述的是客观事实。用一般现在时，故翻译为：In the long run, the wider range of knowledge you have, the more capable you are of dealing with the problems at work.

4．考查形式主语和非谓语动词。ability后用不定式作后置定语，ability to do表示“做……的能力”，根据提示词可知本句使用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：It is believed that spoiling children too much may unconsciously cause their bad temper, even the lack of ability to take care of themselves.

3．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1．交友时不要以貌取人。(base)

________________

2．经历了一场大病后,他明白了生命无价。(suffer)

________________

3．2018上海进口博览会展示了创新理念,促进了自由贸易。(meanwhile)

________________

4．不管到哪里旅游,都应该尊重当地的风俗习惯。这样才能成为一名文明的游客。(no matter)

________________

【答案】

1．Don’t judge a person based on his appearance when making friends.

2．After he suffered a serious illness, he realized that life is priceless.

3．The 2018 Shanghai International Import Expo shows innovative ideas, meanwhile it promotes free trade.

4．No matter where you travel, you should respect the local customs and habits, which will help you become a civilized traveller.

【解析】

【分析】

考查重点单词句型翻译。

1．短语be based on“以……为基础”，本句为否定祈使句，用when引导时间状语从句，译为Don’t judge a person based on his appearance wh en making friends.。

2．Suffer“遭受；忍受；经历”，本句为after引导的状语从句，译为After he suffered a serious illness, he realized that life is priceless.。

3．“上海进口博览会”为“Shanghai International Import Expo”；“创新理念”为“innovative ideas”，故译为The 2018 Shanghai International Import Expo shows innovative ideas, meanwhile it promotes free trade.。

4．本句为no matter+where引导的状语从句，且主句后用非限定性定语从句修饰，故译为No matter where you travel, you should respect the local customs and habits, which will help you become a civilized traveller.。

4．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

1．这位妈妈鼓励孩子分担家务，她这么做是很明智的。(It...)

2．20世纪60年代的那场饥荒使他不得不离开家乡到别的城市另谋出路。（force）3．如您购买的产品有任何质量问题,请与公司售后部门联系。(contact)

4．在中国机长( the Captain)这部影片中,机长和机组人员的临危不惧，沉着冷静，最终把机上所有乘客安全送到机场。(face)

【答案】

1．It is sensible /wise of the mother to encourage her kid(s) to share the housework. 2．Famine in the 1960s forced him to leave his hometown in search of better chances /to seek (for)better chances in other cities.

3．If the product you purchase is faulty, please contact/ make contact with the

after-sales department of/ in our company. (也可以表达为if there is something wrong with the product you purchase,…)

4．In the film the Captain, the captain (pilot) and the crew stayed calm (fearless/ brave可以不写) in face of danger/ when faced with danger/when facing danger and finally brought/took all the passengers (on board/aboard the plane) to the airport safe and sound.

【解析】

1．考查it作形式主语。分析句意可知，句子应该用一般现在时；此句用“it作形式主语”句型表达；“明智的（sensible / wise）”是表示人物性格/品德的形容词，应用句型“It is + adj. +of sb. to do…”；短语“鼓励某人做…” encourage sb. to do …。再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为It is sensible/wise of the mother to encourage her kid(s) to share the housework。

2．考查时态和固定短语。根据时间状语“20世纪60年代”，句子应该用一般过去时；短语“20世纪60年代”in the 1960s; “强迫/迫使某人做…”force sb. to do …；“另谋出路”in search of better chances 或用动词seek（追求）表达为to seek (for)better chances；再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为Famine in the 1960s forced him to leave his hometown in search of better chances /to seek (for)better chances in other cities。

3．考查动词和条件状语从句。在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句如果是祈使句，从句用一般现在时；contact 作动词时，“与某人联系”contact sb.；contact 作名词时，“与某人联

系”make contact with sb.；表达“…有问题”，也可用句型There is something wrong with…；再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为If the product you purchase is faulty, please contact/ make contact with the after-sales department of/ in our company (也可以表达为If there is something wrong with the product you purchase,… )。

4．考查动词和固定短语。分析句意可知，整个句子应该用一般过去时；短语“沉着冷静” stay calm；短语“（当他们）面临危险时” 有三种表达形式①用短语in face of 表达为in face of danger ;② 用短语 (sb.)be faced with 表达为when (they were)faced with danger; ③ 用动词face表达为 when (they were) facing danger；短语“安全地”safe and sound，也可用safely。再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为In the film the Captain, the captain (pilot) and the crew stayed calm (and fearless/ brave可以不写) in face of danger/ when faced with danger/when facing danger and finally brought/took all the passengers (on board/aboard the plane) to the airport safe and sound。

【点睛】

face的用法

face作名词，意为“脸”；作动词，意为“面对”。face既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,后面可接人或表示困难、形势、问题等的抽象名词作宾语; 用作不及物动词时,多用来指房屋的朝向。

表达“（某人）面对/面临”的短语:

in (the)face of…

be faced with

face sth.

例句：The cold air felt wonderful on his face. 凉凉的空气吹在他脸上感觉很舒爽。

They kept optimistic in the face of frustration. 面对挫折，他们还是保持乐观。

The window faces the street.那扇窗子面临街道。

They are faced with the same problem. 他们面临同样的问题。

He faced the difficulty with courage.他勇敢地面对困难。

Faced with so much trouble ,we failed to complete the task on time 面临这么多困难，我们没能按时完成任务。

Facing a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask for help. 面对艰难的处境，Arnold决定求助。如本题第4小题，“（当他们）面临危险时”可表达为(when they were)in face of danger 或when (they were )faced with danger 或when they faced danger/ when facing danger。

5．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences

1．学生在英语写作中词不达意的现象值得每位英语教师关注。(worth)

2．下周一整周都可以用肉眼观察到火星，这让很多天文(astronomy)爱好者欣喜若狂。(visible)

3．应当鼓励孩子从小接触音乐，音乐一直被认为是灵感的恒久源泉。source

4．中日两国的共同利益远远大于分歧，对话与合作始终是两国关系的主流。（outweigh）

【答案】

1．The phenomenon that students can’t convey/express their ideas is worth paying attention to by every English teacher.

2．Mars will be visible to the naked eye all week next week, which makes many astronomy lovers wild with joy.

3．Kids should be encouraged to be exposed to/ expose themselves to music from an early age because music is regarded as an enduring source of inspiration.

4．The common interests between China and Japan far outweigh their differences, so dialogue and cooperation should remain the main stream of their relations.

【解析】

【分析】

考查句子翻译。

1．考查固定短语和名词性从句。固定短语be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，pay attention to“对……的注意”，本句为同位语从句修饰先行词phenomenon。故翻译为The phenomenon that students can’t convey/express their ideas is worth paying attention to by every English teacher.。

2．考查固定短语和定语从句。固定短语be visible to“……所看见的”，wild with joy“欣喜若狂”，本句为非限定性定语从句修饰主句，且主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时。故翻译为Mars will be visible to the naked eye all week next week, which makes many astronomy lovers wild with joy.。

3．考查固定短语和状语从句。固定短语be exposed to/expose oneself to“接触……”，an enduring source of inspirati on“灵感的恒久源泉”，be regarded as“被视为……”，本句为原因状语从句，从句为一般现在时。故翻译为Kids should be encouraged to be exposed to/ expose

themselves to music from an early age because music is regarded as an enduring source of inspiration.。

4．考查固定短语。固定短语far outweigh“远远大于”，the main stre am“主流”。本句应用一般现在时。故翻译为The common interests between China and Japan far outweigh their differences, so dialogue and cooperation should remain the main stream of their relations.。

6．高中英语翻译题：Translation

1．仅凭你提供的证据无法证明他是有罪的。 (alone)

2．纵然观点不一，我们仍旧可以齐心协力。 (divide)

3．你要十分小心，这个路口十分容易发生车祸。 (occur)

4．有人声称引入野生鳄鱼不会对当地其他物种造成威胁，但这一决定遭到许多动物保护专家的强烈反对。 (claim)

【答案】

1．It was impossible to prove he was guilty based on the evidence you provided alone. 2．Although we are divided in our opinions, we still could make joint-efforts.

3．You should be very careful, because car accidents are most likely to occur at the crossroads. 4．It is claimed that introducing the wild crocodile would not pose threat to other species, but this decision cause strong objections made by animals protection experts.

【解析】

【分析】

本题考查翻译，注意使用括号内的提示词翻译。

1．考查形式主语和定语从句。根据句意可知本句使用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面

的不定式，同时运用定语从句，先行词为evidence，关系词在从句中作provided的宾语，提示词alone作副词，意为“仅仅”，语境表明事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故翻译为：It was impossible to prove he was guilty based on the evidence you provided alone。2．考查让步状语从句。根据句意可知用although引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，be divided in表示“在……上意见有分歧”，故翻译为：Although we are divided in our opinions, we still could make joint-efforts。

3．考查原因状语从句。根据句意可知用because引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”，be likely to do表示“有可能……”，occur为不及物动词，表示“发生”，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：You should be very careful, because car accidents are most likely to occur at the crossroads。

4．考查固定句式和非谓语动词。It is claimed that...表示“据称、有人称”，objections 与make之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为：It is claimed that introducing the wild crocodile would not pose threat to other species, but this decision cause strong objections made by animals protection experts。

7．高中英语翻译题：Translation

1．这些保存完好的历史建筑让游客们流连忘返。 (reluctant)

2．教师对学生所产生的影响对于学生的未来发展来说可能意味着成与败的区别。 (impact) 3．中国政治和经济实力的提升如此之快，学中文的外国人越来越多。 (So)

4．好的爱情是你通过一个人看到整个世界，坏的爱情是你为了一个人舍弃了整个世界。(while)

【答案】

1．The well-preserved historical buildings make the tourists reluctant to leave.

2．The impact that the teachers have on future development of students may mean the difference between success and failure.

3．So fast has China's political and economic strength risen that an increasing number foreigners begin to learn Chinese.

4．Good love is that you see the whole world through one person, while bad love is that you abandon the world for one person.

【解析】

【分析】

本题考查翻译句子，注意按括号内的提示词翻译。

1．考查“make+宾语+宾补”结构。be reluctant to表示“不愿……”，根据句意可知本句使用“make+宾语+宾补”结构，陈述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，故翻译为：The well-preserved historical buildings make the tourists reluctant to leave.

2．考查定语从句。have impact on表示“对……有影响”，difference between A and B表示“A 和B间的不同”，根据句意可知本句使用定语从句，关系代词指代先行词impact并在从句中作have的宾语，陈述的是客观事实用一般现在时，故翻译为：The impact that the teachers have on future development of students may mean the difference between success and failure.

3．考查so…that引出的倒装。在so…that…结构中，当so+副词位于句首时，要采用部分倒装，故翻译为：So fast has China's political and economic strength risen that an increasing number foreigners begin to learn Chinese.

4．考查表语从句和while的用法。根据句意可知本句使用while表示两种情况的对比，同时使用表语从句，从句成分完整，用that仅起连接作用，无实义，故翻译为：Good love is that you see the whole world through one person, while bad love is that you abandon the world for one person.

8．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets

1．就是周三那天他带了盒饭到学校，为此大家很惊语. (it)

2．我们现在所做的一切是为了今后服务于社会，所以这些势力值得付出。(worth)

3．这是第一次外籍人士在中国为如此重要的代表大会参与翻译工作。（involve）

4．每次我对下一步该做什么心里没错的时候，我的一些好友一定会过来鼎力力相助的。

(loss)

【答案】

1．It was Wednesday when he brought a prepared meal to school, which surprised the others. 2．All the things we are doing now are for the service we offer for the society in the future, so these efforts are worth paying.

3．This is the first time that a foreigner is involved in the translation work in such important representative conference in China.

4．Every time I am at a loss for what I should do next, some of my best friend will certainly be there to give me a hand.

【解析】

1．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，when引导时间状语从句修饰Wednesday并在从句中做状语，which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中做主语；再根据语境可知，句子陈述的是过去的动作，故用一般过去时。综上，故译成It was Wednesday when he brought a prepared meal to school, which surprised the others.

2．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，we are doing now是定语从句修饰all the things，we offer for the society in the future是定语从句修饰the service，so是并列连词，前句是因，后句是果；再根据句意可知，be worth doing意为“做……是值得的”；再根据语境可知，句子陈述的是事实信息，故用一般现在时。综上，故译成All the things we are doing now are for the service we offer for the society in the future, so these efforts are worth paying. 3．考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知，this is the first time that是固定句型，that后时态是现在完成时；根据句意可知，be involved in意为“涉及到”；此句翻译时需注意几个地点状语的排列（由小及大），综上，故译成This is the first time that a foreigner has been involved in the translation work in such important representative conference in China.

4．考查every time引导的时间状语从句。分析句子结构可知，every time引导时间状语从句，what引导宾语从句，且在从句中做宾语；再根据句意可知，at a loss意为“不知所措”，give sb. a hand意为“帮助某人”；再根据语境可知，句子陈述的是事实信息，故用一般现在时。综上，故译成Every time I am at a loss for what I should do next, some of my best friend will certainly be there to give me a hand.

9．高中英语翻译题：Translate tho following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets

1．据报道这场森林大火吞噬了42条生命,摧毁了7000多幢房腿(It)

2．我国正在全力以赴促进经济与结构调整。(promote)

3．只有车记使备中国才能早日实现。(Only)

4．许多中国的航空公司允许乘客在飞行过程中使用手机,这意味我们可以在空中玩喜欢的游戏了。(allow)

【答案】

1．It was reported that the forest fire had killed 42 people and destroyed over 7000 buildings.

2．Our country is going all but to promote economic and structural adjustments.

3．Only when we keep the mission in mind can the Chinese dream be realized as soon as possible.

4．Many Chinese airlines allow passengers to use their smart phones during the flight, which means we can play our favorite games in the air.

【解析】

1．考查形式主语。It was reported that据报道，该句型是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句中，使用过去完成时，故翻译为It was reported that the forest fire had killed 42 people and destroyed over 7000 buildings.

2．考查时态和动词。表示正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，promote是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，故翻译为Our country is going all but to promote economic and structural adjustments.

3．考查部分倒装。以“only+它所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句”位于句首时，常使用部分倒装，故翻译为Only when we keep the mission in mind can the Chinese dream be realized as soon as possible.

4．考查固定句型和非限制性定语从句。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，该句型是固定句型。这里含有一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句内容，故翻译为Many Chinese airlines allow passengers to use their smart phones during the flight, which means we can play our favorite games in the air.

10．高中英语翻译题：Translation

1．这些保存完好的历史建筑可以追溯到16世纪60年代。 (date)

2．John难得去老师那儿寻求帮助，他觉得自学会使自己受益更多。 (Seldom)

3．基于个人消费历史的网上年度账单可能会带来隐私泄露问题。 (bring)

4．近年来医患关系成为了社会热点，解除病人痛苦正是医生职责，病人也应充分信任与理解医生。 (relieve)

【答案】

1．These well-preserved historic buildings can date back to the 1560s.

2．Seldom did John ask teacher for help, and he thought that teaching himself would be more beneficial.

3．Only a yearly bill based on personal consuming history may bring about the leak of private problem.

4．Recently, the relationship between doctors and patients has become a social hot point, but relieving the Patients’ pain is doctor's responsibility and the patients should fully b elieve and understand the doctors.

【解析】

1．考查date back to的用法。根据句意及提示词可知，此处使用词组date back to“追溯到”，该词组没有被动语态，常使用一般现在时。故译为：These well-preserved historic buildings can date back to the 1560s.

2．考查seldom引导倒装句的用法。seldom位于句首时，后面需要部分倒装；根据句意可知，此处描述的是过去的动作，应使用一般过去时和过去将来时。故译为：Seldom did John ask teacher for help, and he thought that teaching himself would be more beneficial.

3．考查bring about的用法。根据句意及提示词可知，此处使用词组bring about“带来”，句子描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时。故译为：Only a yearly bill based on personal consuming history may bring about the leak of private problem.

4．考查relieve的用法。根据句意及提示词可知，此处使用动词relieve“解除”的动名词词组做主语，句子使用现在完成时和一般现在时，故译为：Recently, the relationship between doctors and patients has become a social hot point, but relieving the Patients’ pain is doctor's responsibility and the patients should fully believe and understand the doctors.

文体特点与翻译要点

六种基本文体的特点 新闻报刊文体 特点 一、报刊英语的用词问题 1.报刊词汇中常有打量所谓“新闻词语”，它们常用于报刊中，带有新闻文体 特色具有特定含义。比如出于宣传效果，新闻文体用词极力追求新奇：夸张词、典故词、比喻词、借喻词、生僻词、俚语词、联缀词等等 2.新闻文体常常借用体育、军事、商业、科技、赌博、文学以及娱乐业等等方 面的词，其目的是力图反映现代新闻语言学与当代现实生活的融合性。 3.新闻文体中套语以及陈俗语较多。 二、报刊英语的句法特点 1.采用“扩展简单句”，层次分明，思路清晰。 2.采用主动语态，病辅以被动语态，使人产生一种直接感。 3.采用直接引语和间接引语，追求“最大限度客观性”。 4.英美消息写作遵循导语为先，依次按事实的重要性递次发展。 5.要求新闻撰稿人排除个人情感和倾向性保持客观性。 汉译要点 一、准确翻译新闻词语 二、坚持严谨的翻译态度和作风 三、翻译新闻报道时，韩语译文不宜太俗或太雅 四、一般来说，各种新闻体裁的作品以提供“事实”或“消息”为目的，避免使用激烈的 词语。 论述文体 特点 一、用词端重、典雅、规范、严谨，它倾向于用正式语体。 二、句子结构复杂巨型变化以及扩展样式较多。论述文旨在解析思想，开发 论点，辨明事理，展开论争，因此文章内容往往比较复杂。 汉译要点 一、透彻理解原文，首先是准确掌握词义。 二、论说文重逻辑论证，因此翻译这类文章首先必须反复诵读原文全文，抓住文章的中心 思想，分析文章的总体结构和谋篇布局的脉络。 三、注意汉译论述文的一般用词倾向和风格、体式。

公文文体 特点 一、明确清晰，避免晦涩。好的公文用词准确，避免用模棱两可之词。 二、严谨紧凑，避免松散。公文行文紧凑，能抓住公众或者读者注意力，避 免用过多的插入语，尽量避免使用描写性修饰语，力图保持公众或读者在思维和视觉上的连贯感。 三、程式规范化，避免标新立异。程式化标准化的公文程式使办事者一看就 知道什么事，怎么办。 现代英语公文文体呈现僵化趋势： 一、用词生涩，句式拖沓。 二、内容空洞，故弄玄虚。 三、拘泥形式，繁文缛节。 四、句子冗长，结构盘错。 汉译要点 一、首先抓住对原文的透彻理解 二、翻译公文文体的英语材料时，译者必须注意汉语语体 三、翻译公文英语时必须注意该材料所涉及的专业内容、了解专业词汇和术语的 涵义，最好具有有关专业的必要知识。 四、翻译公文必须注意形式问题，包括公文程式、格式、体例等等。 五、译文所用词应严格遵守“一贯性”的原则，在同一篇或同一类材料中不应一 词数译，莫衷一是，造成概念混淆。 描述及叙述文体 特点 一、用词最丰富。题材广泛，进行描绘，记述剖析；语域最宽，可有正式英 语非正式英语，口语，书面语，也可大量使用俚语甚至方言。 二、语言现象丰富。语法现象多，特别是假设语气，绝对式分词结构。句型 变化多。修辞手法特别是比喻、比拟、夸张、强调或倒装和对仗。 三、情态最丰富。诉诸人人感情，注重感染力。 四、风格最多样。不同时代具有不同的文风。 汉译要点 一、必须紧紧抓住深透理解原文这一基本环节 二、尽量做到赏心悦目

实用文体翻译

学习心得：翻译——找到原语的所指 在顾维勇教授的引领下，我们共同学习了这篇对“十一五”规划教材《商务英语翻译》误译译例进行批判性研究，翻译——找到原语所指此篇论文。突出强调的是在学习的过程中，我们大家在对实用文体翻译有了更深层次的认识。即实用文体翻译是一项十分严肃的工作，倘若在翻译的过程中没有找到真正的原语所指，只是对其字面意思的解释，那么译者也就会和原语作者想要表达的语气、问题、语用含义等相背道而驰了。 在顾维勇教授的这篇论文中，他选择在“十一五”规划教材《商务英语翻译》中三个大方向（1、同意词语叠用2、句子结构的理解3、复数问题4、专业术语和行话）出现严重误译的30个误例，强调了在实用文体翻译过程中，找出原语“所指”是至关重要的。以下是本人通过学习了翻译——找到原文的所指，结合实例后表达的个人的拙见。 在英汉两种语言都有同义词叠用现象。这些同义词的叠用是为了表达趋同或者趋异的意思。 例1As part owner, you benefit by receiving part of the profits or dividends and sharing in the growth of the values of the company. 原译：作为该公司的部分拥有者，你的道德实惠就是，收获公司的部分利润和红利。（李明，2011：71） 很明显此处的profits or dividends属于同义词叠用“趋同” 现象，表示利润的含义。而译者没有在专业术语的层面上准确表达原文作者想要表达的真正语义，将这对在意义上“趋同”的一对同义词独自分开，翻成了利润或红利。 例2Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created. 原译：商务是指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合，通过这些活动，创造利润和经济盈余。（李明，2011：94） 同样，原文译者对此处profit or economic surplus的理解仅仅停留在其字面意思，并没有结合真正的商务情景和商务专业知识找到原文的所指。此处同样是属于同义词叠用中意义“趋同”现象。都是表达

英语四级翻译真题和范文答案解析

2013年12月大学英语四级考试翻译题目 许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill bu t also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Alth ough cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Sinc e food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between ce real, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Informati on Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this ph enomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for s tudents should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a nee d, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Inf ormation Technology aroused public concern. "你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 "Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coff ee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discove red by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease . During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drin king spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it s pread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chine se tradition and culture. 中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚,中国结常常作为礼物交换或

历年大学英语四级翻译真试题及范文答案、、、、

历年大学英语四级翻译真试题及范文答案、、、、

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文体与翻译

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历年大学英语四级翻译题汇总

1. You would not have failed if you had followed my instructions/orders.(按照我的指令去做) 2. Despite the hardship he encountered Mark never gave up the pursuit of knowledge.( gave up pursueing knowledge(放弃对知识的追求) 3. Scientists agree that it will be a long time before we find the cure for cancer.(我们找到治愈癌症的方法) 4. Production has to be increased considerably to keep pace with the consumers’ growing demands.(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步) 5. The more exercise you take ,the less likely you catch a cold.(你越不 大可能得感冒) 6. Soon after he transferred to the new school ,Ali found that he had much difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates.(很难跟上班里的同学) 7. If she had returned an hour earlier ,Mary would not have been caught in the heavy rain.(就不会被大雨淋了) 8. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are more likely to put on weight.(更有可能增加体重) 9. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is closely related to the lack of (physical) exercise .(与缺乏锻炼密切相关) 10. What many people didn’t realize is that Simon is a lover of sports ,and football in particular.(很多人没有意识到的) 11. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems that they haven’t found answers today.(他们至今还没有找到答案) 12. What most parents are concerned about is providing the best education possible for their children.(大多数父母所关心的) 13. You’d better take a sweater which you in case it turns cold.(in case of temperature drop以防天气变冷) 14. Throught the project,many people have received training and decided to start their own business(决定自己创业) 15. The anti-virus agent was not known until it was accidentally found by a doctor.(直到一名医生偶然发现了它) 16. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research could be applied to the development of the new technology.(能应用于新技术的开发)

翻译与文体 文学翻译

翻译与文体--文学翻译 文学翻译首先必须明确什么是文学。然而，要给文学下个确切的定义，却并不容易。综合中外论者对文学一词的阐释，我们知道文学具有以下主要特性：文学是语言的艺术，是用语言来反映生活、反映现实、表达思想、抒发情感的，是emotion-centered;它有审美价值，其语篇功能主要是用艺术的语言叙事、画物、言情，达到感染人、娱悦人、教育人的目的。文学的这些特性也是它有别于其它文体的地方。要说清楚文学是什么虽然不易，但人们却能很容易地告诉你：小说、诗歌、散文、戏剧、影视等是文学。如此说来，文学语言就该是这些文学作品的语言，文学文体也就该是小说文体、诗歌文体、散文文体和戏剧影视文体的总和。尽管小说、诗歌、散文、戏剧、影视中又能分出各种流派、各种风格的作家作品，诚所谓体中有体、类中有类，但我们的注意力这里主要集中在英语各体类之间的文学共性的东西，即小说、诗歌、散文、戏剧、影视的语言特征及其翻译。 一、小说的翻译 （一）英语小说的文体特征 综观所有的语篇和文体，文学文体是最为游移不定的。在英语文学的发展过程中，作家们总是在不断地寻新求异，文学式样和创作手法总是随着时代和社会的变化而不断更新，其文体特征也不断变化，绝不象科技文体或新闻文体那样，虽然有变化但变化的速度相对缓慢。就小说而言，时代不同，其主要特征也会呈现出或多或少的区别，故文学史常有断代研究；不同时期又有不同的流派，流派中又有不同的作家，故作家语言研究长盛不衰。因此从严格意义上来讲，小说抑或其它样式的文学作品，不存在一个统一的文体特征。以下论述的只是小说所具有的较具普遍性的风格特点。 1）语言的形象性 小说创作主要是形象思维。它通过形象思维来建构小说世界，来"展现"画面场景，借助具体细致的描绘来营造真实可信的氛围，渲染某种特定的情绪，使读者有身临其境的感受。在情节描写中，作家崇尚具体形象，力避抽象演绎。与这一特点相伴的词语特征是： （1）准确。如果一个作家要写一个人行走的动作，他会在十几个表示形态各异的行走动词中选择一个最为贴切的。如果是写一个人的哭，他也会在cry，sob，weep等词语之间作出理想的取舍。 （2）多限定词、修饰词。这也是为了使描述准确和具体。如D·H·劳伦斯的The Odour of Chrysanthemums 的开头一句：The small locomotive engine, Number 4, came clanking, stumbling down from Selston with seven full wagons.（四号小火车的车头拖着七节装满货物的车厢，从赛尔斯顿方向跌跌撞撞地开了过来，一路上发出叮叮咣咣的声响。）读者读之，如闻其声，如见其形，而同样一个场景，如要用抽象的语汇进行描述，读者的感受就大不相同了。

实用文体翻译

实用文体翻译 期末整理根据老师PPT整理而成供学弟学妹们复习使用~~ 一、翻译标准 1、以译出语或译入语为取向的翻译原则 2、直译与意译 重点难点： A，He had the agility of a man half his age.他像岁数比他小一半的人那样敏捷。B，Every dog has its day.人人皆有得意之日。 C，Cast pearls before swine. 对牛弹琴 D，They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼命逃跑，连吃奶的力气都用上了。 二、英汉差别 1、真朋友&假朋友 2、转换：译者将大脑中分析好的语言材料——具有原语深层结构形式的一串词语——转换为具有译语深层结构的一串词语。 3、重构：将已经转换为译语深层结构的一串词语，为着符合译语惯用的表层结构形式、更好地表达原文内容、更好地体现原文功能与风格的目标，重新排列、连接或删除。 4、英汉差异 ——句子扩展模式 中：句首开放性和句尾封闭性英：句首封闭性，句尾开放性 ——形合和意合 中：意合英：形合 5、“核心句分析法”，即把英语复杂句分解为语义相对完整的只包含单个主谓框架(即只包含一个谓语动词)的多个句子——核心句，分析各个核心句间的语义逻辑关系，然后用合乎译语表达习惯的排列方式对各核心句进行重构。 按照汉语（一）先发生先说后发生后说，（二）先说事实，后说评价，（三）先说因后说果（以及先说条件后说推断、先说手段后说目的、先说反面后说正面等）的原则，并使用适当的省略、重复、代称等，把核心句翻译成汉语。 重点难点： A,阴（the soft, inactive, female principle or force in the world）

英语四级历年真题汉译英翻译讲解

英语四级历年真题汉译英讲解 第一题（外国直接投资）： 商务部(Ministry of Commerce)最近发布的数据表明，在中国的外国直接投资(foreign Direct Investment,FDI)保持稳定增长。中国已经成为外国直接投资首选地。中央政府采取了一系列促进外国投资的扶持措施，这样既促进了经济增长，又贏得了国内外投资者的信心。商务部正在研究措施，进一步改善外商投资管理机制，创建一个透明和公平的竞争环境。世界银行(World Bank)也高度评价中国吸引外国直接投资所取得的成就。 表达难点： 1.第1句中的定语“商务部最近发布的”较长，故将其处理后置定语，用分词短语 recently released by theMinistry of Commerce 来表达。 2.第3句中的“这样既促进了经济增长，又贏得了国内外投资者的信心”，可用 which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达，which指代前面“中央政府采用了一系列促进外国投资的扶持措施”这一做法。“既……又……”在英语中的对等结构为both...and，其中both可省略。 3.第4句中的“进一步改善外商投资管理机制，创建一个透明和公平的竞争环境” 为表并列的两个目的，可将其译作两个不定式短语作状语 “to further improve... and (to) create...”，用and连接时后一个不定式的to可以省略。“外商投资管理机制”的中心词为管理机制 management mechanism，翻译时可在其后采用“of+名词”的形式构成名词所有格，对其进行补充说明，表示“……的”。 4.最后一句中的定语“中国吸引外国直接投资所取得的”用in引导的介词短语 in attracting Foreign DirectInvestment来表示在哪个方面所取得的成就。 而“中国”则作为形容词置于“成就”前面，这样比较符合英语的表达习惯。 资所取得的成就。 参考译文 The statistics recently released by the Ministry of Commerce showe d that Foreign DirectInvestment in China maintained steady growth . China has become the top destination for FDI.The central govern ment adopted a series of supportive measures to facilitate foreigni nvestment, which strengthened economic growth and won the co nfidence of investors athome and abroad. The Ministry of Commerc e is working on measures to further improve themanagement mech anism of foreign investment and create a transparent and fair co mpetitionenvironment. The World Bank also spoke highly of Chin a's achievements in attracting ForeignDirect Investment. 第二题（孙子兵法）： 孙武是春秋末期(the late Spring and Autumn Period)杰出的军事家（strategist）。他所著的《孙子兵法》(Sun Zi's Art of War)是中国古代最著名的兵书，也是世界上现存最早的兵书。《孙子兵法》现存13篇，共6000字。在这不长的篇幅中，孙武全面论述了自己对战争的看法，提出了诸如知彼知己、集中优势兵力打败敌人等许多作战思想。《孙子兵法》已被译为多种文字，在世界上也享有很高的声誉。 表达难点：

历年英语四级翻译真题及答案

历年英语四级翻译真题 及答案 集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]

历年英语四级翻译真题及答案2012年6月翻译真题 87. Those flowers looked as if they __ ___________________________(好长时间没有浇水了). 88. Fred bought a car last week. It is __________________________(比我的车便宜一千英镑). 89. This TV program is quite boring. We might ______________________(不妨听听音乐). 90. He left his office in a hurry, with___________________________(灯亮着门开着). 91. The famous novel is said to _____________________(已经被翻译成多种语言). 2011年12月翻译真题 87. Charity groups organized various activities to ___________________________________(为地震幸存者筹款). 88. Linda __________________________________(不可能收到我的电子邮件) otherwise, she would have replied. 89. It’s my mother _____________________________(一直在鼓励我不要灰心)when I have difficulties in my studies.

文体与翻译心得汪福祥

文体与翻译学习心得 随着春去夏来，酷热难耐，转眼间我们的第二学期的学习也接近尾声了。在这短暂而又充实的一个学期里，我从汪福祥老师的《文体与翻译》一课上受益匪浅，感慨良多。汪老师的谆谆教诲不仅仅使我站在了一个更高的角度来看待翻译，审视翻译，总结翻译，更帮助我领悟到了人生中看待生活，看待工作，看待世间万物的豁达心态。 随着中国外事活动的日益频繁以及中国与国外公司合作、民间交流的不断升温，市场对于翻译的需求量也是日益增加，翻译的类型与文体也在朝着规范化的方向不断发展。而层出不穷的翻译文体又需要相对应的翻译理论，翻译技巧和翻译方法。作为一名不久以后翻译行业的从业人员，我迫切地需要掌握如何来处理遇到的文体，以更好地为人民、社会以及国家来服务，奉献自己的光和热，也在这一过程中实现自己的人生价值。而汪福祥老师的《文体与翻译》，不仅仅为我在翻译中遇到的各种各样的问题答疑解惑，更为我以后工作的道路指引了方向。 从汪福祥老师的课上我了解到，不同的翻译文体有着不同的语言学特点，小至字词句，大至段篇章，不同的文体因其表达目的的不同而有着修辞、句式和结构等各方面的差异。而作为翻译工作者，我们的使命就是针对不同的文体，运用不同的理论、技巧和方法，将原文的意思淋漓尽致地假我们之手传达给读者。 文学翻译除了说明要传达出“思维内容”外，还着重强调了“风格特色”——因为这正是文学作品不可缺少的关键之一。没有风格的作品必然显得苍白无力，毫无生气，正如人缺少了个性一样。而作品有了风格，人物的音容笑貌以及作者的思想情感便会跃然纸上，机趣横生。因此，作为文学翻译，它必然也要力求传达出原著的精神风貌，否则便沦为鸡肋，难以打动读者。另一方面，文学翻译还强调了“忠实、准确”——这可是文学翻译的要害，也是难点所在。翻译毕竟不是创作，其性质决定了它必须忠实准确地传达出原著的精神风貌，而不得随心所欲，自由发挥。但是由于两种语言特点不同，规律不同，一层不变地进行翻译是产生不了应有效果的。因此就需要进行调整，在保持“神韵”的准则下语言上作些变通——这便是文学翻译的“再创作”。不如此，翻译出来的东西看似忠实，实则成了死译、硬译，违背了原作的精神风貌。

英语四级翻译真题、答案及解析

87.The substance does not dissolve in water ________________(不管是否加热)。 88.Not only _______________(他向我收费过高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either. 89. Y our losses in trade this year are nothing ____________________(与我的相比)。 90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _____________________(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London. 91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely____________________ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. 参考答案： 87. whether (it is) heated or not 测试点：whether引导让步状语从句；类似no matter (how/what/who/where)从句 88. Not only did he charge me too much或Not only did he overcharge me 测试点：Not only…but also 用法（倒装）；类似as, neither… nor, not until 等易产倒装结构 89. compared with mine 或in comparison with mine 测试点：固定短语搭配be compared with/ in comparison with 90. half as much(money) 测试点：结构as much/many as扩展用法；类似比较级、最高级、同级比较用法。倍数的表达“A+谓语+倍数+as+计量形容词原形+as+B, “一半”用half 表示” 91. to attribute/ascribe their children’s success to 测试点：固定短语be (more) likely to (该短语考了不下三次)；类似it is likely that…及与possible，probable区别。 06.6 87 Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble ______(找到去历史博物馆的路). 88 __________(为了挣钱供我上学), Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. 89 The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。 90 The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂). 91 Though a skilled worker, _______________(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis. 参考答案 87. finding the way to the history museum 测试点：固定短语搭配have (no) trouble (in) doing sth. 88. In order to support my university studies (或：to finance my education;to pay for my education/to pay my tuition fees) 测试点：表示目的短语+特殊表达。 89. we(should) hand in our/the research report(s) 测试点：虚拟语气（命令要求类动词）+“上交”表达。 90. the more confused I am 测试点：特殊句型the more… the more +“糊涂”的准确表达 91. he was fired by the company 测试点：主从句判断+“解雇”表达 06.12 87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to___(适应不同文化中的生活) 88. Since my childhood I have found that ___________(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力) 89. The victim___________ (本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.