(完整word版)英语翻译理论与实践

黄山学院

外语系

课程讲稿

专业名称：英语专业

课程名称：《英汉翻译理论与实践1》主导教材：冯庆华，《实用翻译教程》授课教师：程汕姗

A Brief Introduction to Translation

◇Teaching Contents:

I.Discussion:

●What is translation?

●What is a successful translation?

●What difficulties might occur in translating process?

A.What is translation?

1.Key words:

source language(SL) / receptor language / target language(TL); reproduce; message /

information; equivalence / correspondence

2.Nature of translation

Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural

equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in

terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida)

德国译学教授Wolfram Wilss 在The Science of Translation：Problems & Methods一书中说：Translation is not simply a matter of seeking other words with

similar meaning, but of finding appropriate ways of saying things in another language.

Translating is always meaning-based, i.e. it is the transfer of meaning instead of form

from the source language to the target language.（翻译不只是在另一种语言中寻找

意义相似的其他词语，而是寻找表达事物的适当方式。翻译始终立足于语义，

也就是说，是语义从源语到译语的转换，而不是形式。）

这说明了翻译是语义的翻译，不是语言形式的翻译，是运用另一种语言的适当方式来表达一种语言所表达的内容，而不是在另一种语言中寻找与一种语言

中含义相似的某些词语或结构。翻译必须跳出原文语言层面的束缚，必须着眼

于传达原文的内容和意义。换句话说，翻译的基本单位应该是语篇，而不是词

语结构。根据系统功能语言学家的观点，语言的实际使用单位是语篇这样的言

语单位，而不是词语结构这样的语法单位。实际使用的语篇有可能是一个句子、

一个句段、一个句群，也有可能是一个词语。翻译作为语言交际的一种形式，

其实质是用一种语言的语篇材料代替另一种语言与其意义对等的语篇材料。翻

译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的内容和意义准确而完整地重新表达出

来的语言活动。

3.Classification of translation:

a.Oral interpretation / written translation

b.Human translation / machine translation

c.Literary / scientific / political / commercial translation

d.Domestication (naturalization) / foreignization (estrangement, alienation)

e.Literal translation / free translation

B.What is a successful translation?

1.严复：信、达、雅(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance)

2.傅雷：以效果而论，翻译应当象临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似

3.钱钟书：诱、讹、化

4.Eugene A. Nida: natural / close; dynamic/functional equivalence

C.What difficulties might occur in translating process?

Language / Cultural Barriers

Translatability is lower when (1) the work to be translated is quite distant both in

time and space; (2) its form is very much unique; (3) the content is not shared in the

two cultures.

→Betrayal: Loss / Distortion

1.Understanding

i.Word meaning

Example analysis

Millet made a portrait of Lady Chesterfield, which flattered her.

米勒为了逢迎柴斯特菲尔德夫人而替她画了一幅像。

（原文中的flatter 意为“超过”[to make better looking than the reality] ，

将其译为“逢迎”是理解上的错误。）

米勒给柴斯特菲尔德夫人画了一幅像，该像之美简直超过了她本人。

ii.Sentence structure

Example analysis

The traditionalist type of composer begins with a pattern rather than with a

theme. The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic conception so much

as the personal treatment of a well-established pattern.

【原译】传统主义型作曲家始于某种格调而非某种主题。帕莱斯特里纳的

创作行为不太像对固定格调进行个性化处理的主题概念。

【改译】传统型作曲家是从形式出发而不是从主题出发进行创作的。帕莱

斯特里纳的创作不是主题的构思，而是对固定形式的个性化处理。

iii.Background knowledge

Example analysis

Then he was off to Columbia Business School , where he found his Rosetta Stone

of investing. (Roger Lowenstein: An Unassuming Billionaire )

Rosetta Stone 是古埃及石，意为“提供线索”，这儿喻指“帮助了

解难题的事物”。

后来他进了哥伦比亚商学院，在那里找到了自己的投资指南。

2.Expressing

i.Literal translation Vs. liberal translation

Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into

consideration at the same time in the course of translation. It strives to reproduce

both the ideological content and the style of the entire literary work and retain as

much as possible the figures of speech.

Liberal Translation mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original

without trying to reproduce its sentence pattern or figures of speech.

Example analysis

To kill two birds with one stone.

直译：一石二鸟

意译：一箭双雕，一举两得

树倒猢狲散

直译：When the tree falls, the monkeys scatter.

意译：Members run away when the family falls. / Rats leave a

sinking ship.

ii.Free translation

Example analysis

This was one of the secrets of his great popularity, but it was a popularity which

was as unsettled as the waves. It swelled, and bubbled, and foamed for a while,

only to recede, and be lost to its former possessor.

【原译】这是他名噪一时的一个秘密，但这种名声如同波涛一样起伏不定：

在短暂的时间内如日中天，盛极一时，炙手可热，但转瞬间又烟消云散，

终于在原来有些声望的人身上消失了。

【改译】这是他名噪一时的一个秘密，但这种名声如同波涛一样起伏不定：

一时间奔腾高涨，汹涌澎拜，转瞬间又一落千丈，终于在原来享有这种声

望的人身上荡然无存。

iii.Translationese

Example analysis

The only concession he made to the climate was to wear a white dinner jacket.

【原译】他对气候的唯一让步就是穿了一件白色的短餐衣。

【改译】气候变化，他仅稍稍作了一点变通，赴宴时穿了件白色的短礼服。

iv.Cohesion and coherence

Example analysis

There was a menu , but it didn’t make any difference , everything tasted the same.

Monumental portion. You’d stand up at the end and want to die.

(M. Lurie , A Beacon in the Night)

【原译】那儿有菜单，可没什么区别。所有东西味道都一样。份量惊人，

你最后会站起来想死。

【改译】那儿是有菜单，可完全派不上用场，因为所有东西味道都一样。

只是份量惊人，你吃完后一站起身来就会感觉胀得要死。

D.How can we improve our translation?

1.English reading

2.Chinese writing

3.Translation practice

II.The Role of Translator:

The craft of translator is … deeply ambivalent; it is exercised in a radical tension between impulses to facsimile and impulses to appropriate recreation.

— George Steiner 译者的技艺是一个深刻的矛盾体。这种技艺是在两种冲动的极度张力之间形成的：一方面是依样画葫芦的冲动，另一方面又有适当再创作的冲动。

A.Metaphors for translator:

1. A courier of the human spirits （普希金）

2. A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of painting

3. A straitjacketed dancer

4. A musician / an actor

5.Traduttori-traditori (Translators are traitors.)

B.Responsibility of translator:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c31200297.html,petent linguistic ability & bicultural knowledge

2.Being as transparent as possible

3.Being a good negotiator

III.The Development of Translation in China:

翻译史上的三个高峰期：

1.汉至唐宋佛经的转译：支谦；鸠摩罗什；道安；玄奘

2.明清以后西欧科技文化的引进：徐光启；严复；林纾；（译才并世数严林－康有

为）

3.五四之后的现代阶段：郭沫若；鲁迅；瞿秋白；傅雷；钱钟书

Contrast between English and Chinese (1)

◇Teaching Contents:

I.Thinking Style and Diction

A.Abstract vs. Concrete

An excessive reliance on the noun at the expense of verb will, in the end, detach the mind of the writer from the realities of here and now, from when and how and in what mood the thing was done, and insensibly induce a habit of abstraction, generalization and vagueness.

─G. M. Young

1.Embodiment

e.g. The signs of the times point to the necessity of the modification of the system of

administration.（Times）

It is becoming clear that the administrative system must be modified.

行政系统需要改革，这一点已经越来越清楚了。

e.g. There seems to have been an absence of attempt at conciliation between rival

sects. (Daily Telegraph)

The rival sects seem never even to have tried mutual conciliation.

对立的派别似乎从未试图谋求和解。

2.Visualization

e.g. utterly quiet鸦雀无声

e.g. In 1966 the North Korean team made it to the quarter finals.

了四分之一决赛。

译：1966年，北朝鲜队成功地踢进

．．

B.Static（静）vs. Dynamic（动）

Examples:

1) 名词化（Nominalization）

Comparison:

a)The doctor arrived extremely quickly and examined the patient uncommonly

carefully; the result was that he recovered very speedily.

The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the

patient brought about his speedy recovery.

医生迅速赶到，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。

b)Freedom-loving people everywhere condemned them because they violated the

agreement reached at Helsinki and abused basic human rights in their own country.

The abuse of basic human rights in their own country in violation of the agreement

reached at Helsinki earned them the condemnation of freedom-loving people

everywhere.

他们违反在赫尔辛基达成的协议，在国内践踏基本人权，因此受到各地热爱

自由的人们的谴责。

e.g. He was a clever man; a pleasant companion; a careless student; with a great

propensity for running into debt, and a partiality for the tavern.

他头脑灵活，讨人喜欢/很好相处，可是学习不用功；他老是东挪西借，又喜欢

上酒馆喝点小酒。

2) 介词充斥(prepositionitis)

e.g. He has someone behind him.

Someone supports him.

e.g. With these words she went away.

After saying these, she went away.

e.g. He is at his books.

He is reading his books.

II.Thinking Style and Syntax

A.形合与意合(Hypotactic vs. Paratactic)

形合（Hypotactic）

句中的词语或分句之间用语言形式手段连接起来，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。

The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives.

(The American Heritage Dictionary)

e.g. I shall despair if you don’t come.

意合（Paratactic）

词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达。

The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. (The World Book Dictionary)

e.g.大雨倾盆，河水泛滥，冲毁了很多民房。

英语造句多用各种形式手段连接，注重显性接应（overt cohesion），重形式，重结构。相对汉语而言其连接手段和形式不仅数量大，种类多，而且使用频率极高。

e.g.The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.

现如今车辆横冲直撞，严重威胁着城市生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。

B.Impersonal vs. Personal

It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are asked to remind themselves of the rules for the borrowing and return of books, and bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.

近来已注意到本馆存书惊人地减少，此事令人关切。现要求学生切记图书借还规则，并考虑其他学生的需要。今后凡借书逾期不还者，必将严格按章处罚。

1.Inanimate noun (无灵名词) as subject

e.g. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance.

我激动得什么话也说不出。

e.g. The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.

我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点声响都没有。

2.Preparatory word: it

e.g. It hurts! (“it”: unspecified word 虚义词) ——好疼！

e.g. It never occurred to me that she was so dishonest.

我从未想到她会这么不老实。

3.Passive voice (hidden agent/doer)

e.g. The resistance can be determined provided that the voltage and current are

known.

只要知道电压和电流，就能确定电阻。

C.Subject-Prominent（主语句）vs. Topic-Prominent（主题句）

Examples:

1) She showered us with telegrams.

译：她的电报纷至沓来。

2) There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.

译：这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魄力，所以他们都很满意。

3) Bright colors and bold strokes characterize his early painting.

色彩明亮、笔触大胆。

译：他的早期绘画

．．．．．．

Contrast between English and Chinese (2) ◇Teaching Contents:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c31200297.html,ment on the homework

II.Lexical Differences

英汉词类系统比较

A. Word order

1. Attributive modifiers

英语句中单词一般放在被修饰词的前面，短语和从句一般放在被修饰词的后面。

汉语定语不管单词或词组一般都放在被修饰语的前面。

Examples:

1) something important 重要．．

的事 2) the ancient Chinese poet 中国古代．．．．

诗人 3) a little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar 一个身材瘦小．．．．的叫化子，面黄肌．．．

瘦，衣衫褴褛，胡子拉渣的，还瘸着腿．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

4) a candidate with little chance of success 一个当选希望极微．．．．．．

的候选人 2. Adverbial modifiers

英语状语可前可后。汉语状语一般放在被修饰的动词或形容词前面。

Examples:

1) to develop rapidly 迅速发展；extremely fast 快极了/ 极快

2) With a bag of books we walked across the garden in the gray light of the dawn. 我

们提着一袋书．．．．．，在晨曦中．．．．

穿过了花园。 3) He was quick to use self-deprecating humor to throw anyone off the scent.

为了迷惑别人．．．．．．

，他机灵地说些自我挖苦的笑话。 4) He was born in Rome on May 27, 1980.

他是1980．．．．年．5．月．27．．日在罗马．．．．出生的。/ 他于1980．．．．年．5．月．27．．日．出生于罗马．．

。

III. Syntactic Differences

A. Transformation of sentence structure

1. Simple Sentence →Complex Sentence

e.g. His superior grades at high school enabled him to enroll at the tuition-free

College of the City of New York.

由于在中学成绩优异，他进入了免费的纽约市立大学。

2. Complex Sentence →Simple Sentence

e.g. That he will come to the discussion is certain. 他肯定会来参加讨论的。

e.g. He doesn ’t know what life means to him. 他不知道人生的意义。

3. Complex Sentence →Complex Sentence

e.g. Our men had gone quite a distance off before the enemy reinforcement troops

came up. 我们的队伍已经走得很远了，敌人的增援部队才赶上来。

e.g. This place is really beautiful, and many people bring their wives and families out

here to live. 这地方实在漂亮，（所以）许多人都带着家小搬来居住。

4. Inverted Order →Natural Order

e.g. Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality.

当时我确实还不太懂得战争的意义以及战争实际上是怎么回事。

5. Passive V oice →Active V oice

e.g. He is respected by everybody. 人人都尊敬他。

e.g. I was told not to trust what I read in the newspaper. 有人告诉我不要相信报纸

上读到的消息。

B. Sentence order

1.Time order

e.g. He had flown in just the day before from Georgia where he had spent his

vacation basking in the Caucasian sun after the completion of the construction

job he had been engaged in in the South.

译：他本来在南部从事一项建筑工程；任务完成之后，他就上格鲁吉亚去度假，享受高加索的阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。

2.Logic order

a.Cause-result order

e.g. He had to stay at home yesterday owing to the bad weather.

b.Condition –result order

e.g. She will play the piano only if she is paid. 只有付给她报酬，她才愿意演奏

钢琴。

=

Understanding Source Text

◇Teaching Contents:

I. Comment on the homework

II. The three levels of meaning

美国语言教学家Wilga M. Rivers 说过理解中要掌握三个层次的意义，即词语意义、语法或结构意义以及社会和文化意义（the three levels of meaning: lexical meaning, structural or grammatical meaning, and social-cultural meaning）。

Examples:

1 So that's how I became just another kid in school.

就这样，我成了学校里一名和其他孩子一样的普通孩子。

2 At first, they were being nice.

起初人们只是出于一时的好心。

3 John Major faces severe social and economic problems as well as tough debate over European integration, but his top priority will be to maintain the Tories' long lease on 10 Downing Street.

梅杰面临严重的社会和经济问题以及关于欧洲统一的艰苦辩论，但是他的当务之急将是维系保守党的长期执政。

III、Approaches to correct understanding

1. 要理解原文语句的内部关系：

Examples:

Go to hell! You report what I have done to the authorities.

去你的吧！你去向领导汇报我对他们的不敬吧！

【译文】去你的吧！你去向领导汇报我的所作所为好啦！

He ate his savoury, and hurried the maid as she swept the crumbs.

他一边吃着最后的一道消食小吃，一边催促女佣人赶快打扫碎屑。

【译文】他吃完最后的一道消食小吃，在女佣人打扫碎屑时，催她快一点。

2. 要理解特殊语言现象的特殊含义：

John is now with his parents in New York; it is three years since he was a high school teacher in Washington.

【译文】约翰现在同父母一起住在纽约；他不在华盛顿当中学教师已有三年了。

Derek fancies himself as a ladies' man, but he spends too much time admiring himself in the mirror for my liking.

德里克自以为是讨女人喜欢的人，可是为了讨我喜欢，他却花很多时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。

【译文】德里克自以为是个讨女人喜欢的人，可是我不喜欢他花那么多的时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。

3. 要结合上下文语境进行理解：

The tyrants might array their cruelty, but the people would oppose their bravery.

【译文】暴君恣意肆虐，人民则奋勇反抗。

Managers face a host of new business realities, such as changing patterns of employment that include an explosion of outsourcing and new alliances.

管理人员面对的是商界前所未有的种种现实，诸如就业的模式不断变化包括外购。重组等现象的猛增。

【译文】管理人员面对的是商界前所未有的种种现实，诸如企业用工方式的不断变化包括大幅度增加外部采办和新建联产单位。

4. 要通过吃透词语含义进行理解：

While many women are comfortable being close and sharing secrets, men often struggle to express their emotions in relationship with other men.

虽然许多女人对与他人亲密无间，分享秘密感到舒坦，而男人却经常刻求在与其他男人的关系中表达感情。

【译文】许多女人亲密相处互吐隐秘感到心安理得，而男人要对其他男人表露感情却非易事。

On the drunken occasion in question, I was insufferable about liking you, and not liking you. I wish you would forget it.

在那次大醉时，我老考虑是不是喜欢你，搞得我无法忍受，希望你忘了它。

【译文】那一次喝得酩酊大醉的时候，我说了喜欢你不喜欢你的一番话，让你受不了，希望你忘了它吧。

5. 要明确词语的具体指代进行理解：

Fifty cases of woolen sweaters were shipped from Shanghai to New York. They were products of the city's first joint venture. Owing to a storm at sea, some of the cargo got stained by seawater. However, the goods duly arrived yesterday.

【译文】有50箱羊毛衫从上海发往纽约。这些羊毛衫是上海首家合资企业的产品。由于海上遇到风暴，其中一部分遭到海水污损，但这批货物已于昨天按时运抵。

"Heaven bless you, my child," said she, embracing Amelia, and scowling the while over the girl's shoulder at Miss Sharp. "Come away, Becky," said Miss Jemima, pulling the young woman away in great alarm.

她搂着爱米丽亚说：“求老天保佑你，孩子。”一面说，一面从女孩的肩头对夏泼小姐恶狠狠地瞪眼。吉米玛小姐心里害怕，赶快拉着年轻女子出来，口里说：“来吧，贝基。”

【译文】她搂着爱米丽亚说：“求老天保佑你，孩子。”一面说，一面从爱米丽亚肩头对夏泼小姐恶狠狠地瞪眼。吉米玛小姐心里害怕，赶快拉着夏泼小姐出来，口里说：“走吧，小姐。”

I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury.

我抓起那支最大的画笔，迅猛异常地向我可怜的受害者扑了过去。

【译文】我抓起那支最大的画笔，势不可挡扑向那全无招架之力的画布。

6. 要注意省略和替代部分的理解：

"Has he sold his collection yet?" "He has some of the paintings; I'm not sure about the rest."

“他的藏画全都卖了吗？”“他有一些画，其他的我说不准。”

【译文】“他的藏画全都卖了吗？”“有一部分画他已经卖了，其他的我说不准。”

In other words there is at work in the language of a man, or of an age even,

a constant principle of selection.

【译文】换句话说，不仅一个人的语言，甚至于一个时代的语言，都不断受到淘汰原理的影响。

A causeless event or thing, we cannot think of any more than we can of a stick with only one end.

【译文】我们不可能设想有哪件事情是无缘无故产生的，就像我们不可能设想有哪根棍子只有一头一样。

We are human and human beings are far from perfect. To be human implies that we will make mistakes. But it's more than that we feel human. We now feel entitled.

【译文】我们是凡人，而凡人远非十全十美。作为凡人就是说我们会犯错误。但是，我们觉得自己是凡人不仅仅由于我们会犯错误。我们如今感到有权利犯错误。

Transfer of Word Meaning

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c31200297.html,ment on the homework

II.Choice of Wording Meanings（词义的选择）

A.Context:

A word used in a new context is a new word.

一般说来，英语词义比较灵活，词的涵义范围比较宽，比较丰富多变，词义对上下文的依赖性比较大，独立性比较小。汉语词义比较严谨，词的涵义范围比较狭窄，比较精确、固定，词义的伸缩性和对上下文的依赖性较小，独立性比较大。英语一向被认为是一种适应性、可塑性比较强的语言，它的适应性和可塑性突出地表现在词义的灵活性上。

汉语不同于英语。汉语源远流长，尤其独特的民族文化和历史传统，用词讲求词义精确、规范、严谨，历来以词义多流变、重晦谲为不法、诫绝生造词义。

刘宓庆《文体与翻译》

The meaning and/or the word class of a polyseme can only be decided in certain context. For example:

1.story:

a.Oh, what a story!哦，好个谎言！

b.To make a long story short.长话短说。

c.It is another story now.这是另外一个问题。

d.He storied about his academic career and his professional career.他编造了他的学

历和经历。

e.Once the story got abroad, I would never hear the last of it.要是这个奇闻一旦传

了出去，就会讨论个没完没了。

f.I don’t buy your story.我不相信你的话。

g.Stories circulated first in Moscow.流言起初是在莫斯科传播的。

h.I have tried all I could do to silence such a story.我已经想尽办法去压下这个谣

传了。

i.Her story is one of the saddest.她的遭遇算是最悲惨的了。

j.John’s tale sounded to me exactly like a fish story.我认为约翰的故事荒唐无比。

k.The story about him became smaller and faded from the public eye by and by.报道对他的渲染已减少，不久他就不再受公众注意了。

l.I don’t want to get a wrong idea of me from all these stories you hear.你听那么多闲话，我不希望你从中得出一个对我的错误看法。

m.You put me on the spot. I have to cook up a story this time.你把我拖下水，这回我要找借口了。

n. A young man came to the police office with a story.一个年轻人来到警察局报案。

o.It was reported that the general was dead, but officials refused to confirm the story.

据说将军已死，但官方拒绝证实这个消息。

2.kill:

a.He killed the man. 他杀了那个人。

b.He killed the dog.他宰了那条狗。

翻译大一下学期

Unit7 汉译英 1. 警察放大了失踪女孩的照片，这样他们能容易认出她。(Use "have + object + V-ed" structure) The police had the photograph of the missing girl enlarged so that they could recognize her easily. 2. 我喜欢乘公共汽车上班，而不是自己驾车。那天上午也不例外。(rather than, no exception) When I go to work, I prefer to take a bus rather than drive and that morning was no exception. 3. 这位老人见到自己的孙女走进屋时站了起来，竟意想不到地移动了几步，就好像他能行走了似的。(get to one's feet, as if) When he saw his granddaughter coming into the house (Seeing his granddaughter coming into the house), the old man got to his feet and moved several steps unexpectedly as if he could walk by himself. 4. 当时我们的注意力全集中在那幅画上，没有注意到四周有什么异样情况，所以也不能提供任何额外的细节。(focus on, additional details) At that time we focused our attention on that painting without noticing anything unusual around us, and we can't offer any additional details. 5. 这两个劫匪的作案手法表明他们可能就是过去几个月里这一地区多起抢劫案的元凶。(commit) The two robbers' methods suggested they might be the same men who had committed a number of robberies in the area over the past few months. 6. 无论这个问题多么令人讨厌，它都是我们必须正视的问题。(no matter how) It's a question we have to face no matter how unpleasant it is. 英译汉 1. Experience told him that a woman's natural instinct was to defend herself rather than hurt the attacker. 经验告诉他，妇女的天性是保护自己而不是去伤害攻击者。 2. The room is looking much better since she had the walls repainted. 自从她把墙重新粉刷了后，这房间好看多了。 3. Teenage crime was out of control in many parts of the country, and this city was no exception. 在这个国家的许多地方，青少年犯罪已经失去了控制，这个城市也不例外。 4. Weeks after the robbery, he was afraid to go outside, fearing that he would come face to face with the robber a second time. 抢劫案发生后的几周，他不敢出门，害怕自己再次与劫匪面对面遭遇。 5. The victim described to the policemen how a man, who suddenly emerged from the shrub, robbed her. 受害者向警察描述她是怎样突然遭到一个从灌木丛中出来的人抢劫的。 6. For many Americans today, weekend work has unfortunately become the rule rather than the exception. 如今，对许多美国人来说，周末工作已经不幸地成为了惯例，而不是例外。 Unit9

英语翻译理论与实践

第二讲 原句：I seized the largest brush and fell upon my wretched victim with wild fury. 译文：我抓起那支最大的画笔，势不可挡扑向那全无招架之力的画布。 原文：There is a definite link between smoking and lung cancer. But this doesn’t make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. 译文：吸烟肯定与肺癌有关，但这并不能使你感到太不舒服，因为吸烟的人不止你一个。 原文：Derek fancies himself as a ladies' man, but he spends too much time admiring himself in the mirror for my liking. 译文：德里克自以为是个讨女人喜欢的人，可是我不喜欢他花那么多的时间在镜子面前自我欣赏。 He is the last man to come. He is the last man to do it. He is the last person for such a job. He should be the last (man) to blame. 原文：John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game. 译文：约翰为人可靠，他既忠诚又正直。 Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translation. It strives to reproduce both the ideological content and the style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech. 死译：one-to-one translation: each SL word has a corresponding TL word. 硬译：word-for-word translation: Transfers SL grammar and word order, as well as the primary meanings of all the SL words, into translation. It is normally effective only for brief simple neutral sentences. Literal translation goes beyond one-to-one translation, ranges from one word to one word, through group to group, collocation to collocation, clause to clause, to sentence to sentence. Literal translation is the basic translation procedure both in communicative and semantic translation, in that translation starts from there. ---by Newmark Liberal Translation mainly conveys the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence pattern or figures of speech. 原文：我们的朋友遍天下。 错译：Our friends are all over the world. 译文: We have friends all over the world. 单词

英汉翻译经典例子及答案

1.Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康比财富更重要，因为财富不能像健康那样给人以幸福。 2.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. For hundreds of years tiny coral creatures have worked and died to make thousands of ring-shaped islands called atolls （环礁）. 在那里，由于地心引力的剧烈干扰，一道道山脉，一座座火山升出水面。千百年来，微小的珊瑚虫在这里繁衍、死亡，形成了数不胜数的被称为环礁的环状岛屿。 3.Old lines and methods of communication do not work easily or efficiently with as much information as we now have. 由于我们今天的信息太多，那些旧的通讯线路和方法已不能灵便有效地处理他们了。 4. Scarcely can any law be made which is beneficial to all; but if it benefits the majority, it is useful. 法律难顾及所有人，于大多数人有利足矣。 5.The water spread out for miles in places in Kenya and Somalia, cutting off villages and forcing herders to crowd with their livestock onto a few patches of dry land. 在肯尼亚和索马里的某些地方，河水漫出河床，宽达数英里。洪水切断了村与村之间的联系，迫使牧民们和家畜挤在一起，困缩在一块块狭小的陆地上动弹不得。 6. The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten; by the river and pond, on the hill and in the valley. 雪，在四处飘落着。雪花撒在树上，撒在田野里，撒在河边、湖畔、山上、谷底——没有一条岩缝墙隙里不飘满雪花。 7. When his door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.

英语翻译题(完整版)

Enterprises 1.in recent years，foreign companies have been buying best-selling brands from their locally listed subsidiaries and moving them to entities that are 100%-owned by the far-off parent. 近年来，外国企业一直从它们本地的上市子公司手中买入畅销品牌，并将这些畅销品牌并入由于母公司100%控股的实体企业中。 2.so they have set up wholly-owned，unlisted subsidiaries，or increaseed their stakes in existing affiliates，to gain total operating control。 所以，他们要么设立了不上市的全资子公司，要么增持现有关联方的股份，以获得总运营控制权。 3.not only was the Acer group to be flat，rather than pyramidal，but the holding company would own no more than 30% of each subsidiary，and Mr.Shih himself would control no more than 5%of the holding company. 鸿基集团采用平行的金字塔结构，而且控股公司在每个子公司的股权比例不超过30%，施先生在控股公司中的持股也不超过5%。 4.Loans to related companies are rarely made on an arm's length basis，and tend to be granted at below-market rates，with scant credit vetting. 放给关联公司的贷款基本都不按市场条件的正常交易，收取的利率往往低于市场水平，并很少进行认真的资信调查。

新视野大一下学期英语翻译

一单元A 1.She wouldn't take a drink, much less could she stay for dinner. 她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 2.He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth.他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 3.How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？ 4.The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 他们利润增长，部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 5.Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。 6.We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。 1. I don't think that he would commit robbery, much less would he commit violent robbery.我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了. 2. Men earn ten dollars an hour on average, whereas women only seven dollars.男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元. 3. Once the balance in nature is disturbed, it will result in a number of possible unforeseeable effects.自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响. 4. The final examination is close at hand; you'd better spend more time reading.期终考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书. 5. What is interesting is that consumers find it increasingly difficult to identify the nationality of certain brands. This is due partly to globalization and partly to changes in the location of production.有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国.其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响,部分原因是由于产地的变化. 6. A recent survey showed that women account for 40 percent of the total workforce.最近一次调查表明,妇女占总劳动力的40%. 二A 1. Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents. 尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。 2. Mike didn't come to the party last night, nor did he call me to give an explanation. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。 3. The person sitting next to him did publish some novels, but he is by no means a great writer. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。 4. He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。 5. The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence. 经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。 6. This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience. 这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。 B 1. They persisted in carrying out the project despite the fact that it had proved unworkable at the

汉英英汉翻译理论与实践

Clinton is the first black president . 克林顿是第一个重视黑人权益的总统 Clinton is the first woman president. 克林顿是第一个重视妇女权益的总统 1. We want to buy quality steel. 我们要买高质量的钢材。 2. I am pleased to be here to offer a U.S. business perspective on one of today’s great quality ch allenges: building a high skills/high wage workforce. 我很高兴能来此介绍一下美国商界对当今我们在素质方面所面临的挑战的看法，这项挑战就是如何建立一支高技术，高薪金的劳动队伍。 3. The president now is on a poverty tour. 总统目前正在访问贫困地区。 4. noise abatement procedures. 抑制噪声的措施 5. She is on her listening tour of New York. 她正在纽约巡回访问，听取群众的意见。 6. Professor Smith is leaving the school. That is a stupid loss. 史密斯教授要离开学校了。这个损失实在是不明智才造成的。 7. The kiss represents the symbolic loss of the most famous American child. 那轻轻的一吻是一个象征，代表这个美国著名的孩子已经长大成人了。Criminal law 刑法； Criminal layer专门处理刑事案件的律师； Criminal attack构成犯罪的攻击； criminally insane 形式法庭鉴定为患有精神病 This is a thought-provokingly different explanation . 这个解释完全不同，但却很能给人启发。 Bryant Gumbel is sometimes favorably compared with Ted Koppel. 人们有时把布来恩特甘贝尔和特德考波尔相比，认为甘贝尔更好。The so-called critics are only generically mentioned, but not individually mentioned. 那些所谓的批评者，传媒提到他们时总是泛泛而指，从来不指名道姓。The areas could be profitably rehabilitated. 重建这些地区是有利可图的。 The consensus strategies for managing the world’s forests sustainably. 既能获得各方同意，又能使全球森林得以可持续生长的管理策略。 Men tend to enjoy public, referentially orientated talk, while women enjoy intimate, affectively orientated talk. 男人喜欢公开谈论有具体内容的话题，而女人则喜欢两三个人私下交流感情。 15．The joy of his return 由于他回来而有的喜悦 16. of humble parentage, he began his working life in a shoe factory. 由于出身低微，他的第一个工作是在一家制鞋厂。

经典英文段落翻译__英译汉15篇

1.意大利著名旅行家马可。波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州：“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人觉得自己社在天堂。”在中国，也流传着这样的话：“上有天堂，下有苏杭。”杭州的名气主要在于风景如画的西湖。西湖一年四季都美不胜收，宋代著名诗人苏东坡用“淡妆浓抹总相宜”的诗句来赞誉西湖。在杭州，您可以饱览西湖的秀色，也不妨漫步街头闹市，品尝一下杭州的名菜名点，还可购上几样名特土产。 The famous Italian traveler Marco Pole was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the mist fascinating city in the world where one feels that one is in paradise.” In China, there has been a century-old popular saying praising the city: In Heaven there is Paradise; on Earth there are Suzhou and Hangz hou.” Hangzhou’s fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake. As it is beautiful all the year round, the West Lake was compared by Su Dongpo, a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty, to a beauty “who is always charming in either light or heavy makeup.” In Hangzhou, you will not only find the lake a perfect delight to the eye but also find it a joy to stroll along the busy streets, taste famous Hangzhou dishes and buy some special local products. 2.在设备制造期间，雇主的代表有权对根据合同提供的全部工程设备的材料和工艺进行检查、研究和检验，同时检查其制造进度。这一切应在工作时间内于承包商的工厂里进行。如果工程设备正在其它第三方工厂制造，承包商应为卖方代表获得他能在该工厂进行此类检查、研究和检验的许可。此类检查、研究或检验不应解除承包商在合同中的任何义务。 The Employer’s representative shall be entitled during manufacture to inspect, examine and test the materials and workmanship and check the progress of manufacture of all Plants to be supplied under the Contract. This shall take place on the Contractor’s promises during working hours. If the plant is being manufactured on other premises, the Contractor shall obtain permission for the Employer’s representative to carry out such inspection, examination and testing on those premises. 3. 雇主或项目经理提交给承包商的雇主的图纸，技术规格以及其它资料仍应为雇主的财产。除非是为了合同的需要，未经雇主同意，承包商不得使用、复制这些材料或将之传递给第三方。 承包商应对承包商的图纸中的任何错误或遗漏负责，除非他们可归因与雇主或项目经理提供的不正确的雇主图纸或其它书面资料。项目经理对承包商的图纸的批准不应解除本款规定的承包商的任何责任。 The Employe r’s drawings, specification and other information submitted by the Employer or the Project Manager to the Contractor shall remain the property of the Employer. They shall not, without the consent of the Employer, be used, copied or communicated to a third party by the Contractor unless necessary for the purposes of the Contract. The Contractor shall be responsible for any errors or omissions in the Contractor’s Drawings unless they are due to incorrect Employer’s Drawings or other written information supplied by the Employer or the Project Manager. Approval by the Project Manager of the Contractor’s

八年级上册英语翻译 完整

第一单元话题1 A .迈克尔：你好，康康。 2.康康：你好，迈克尔。你要去干什么？ 3.我要去打篮球的。 4.你喜欢打篮球对吗？我暑假期间经 常看见你打篮球。 5.迈克尔：对啊。你知道的，我们这个星期天和三班将有一场篮球赛。 6.我希望我们队会赢。 7.我也是，你愿意来为我们加油吗？ 8.当然我很乐意去。（1） 第一单元话题1 2A P2 A：游泳和划船，你更喜欢哪一种运动呢？ B：我更喜欢划船。 A：你常常划船吗？ B：是的，我经常划船。/不，很少。A：你要参加学校的划船队吗？ B：是的，我会参加。/不，我不会参加。我打算去…… 运动溜冰滑雪划船 乒乓球排球骑脚踏车 网球 （2） 第一单元话题1 B B部分2 p3 迈克尔：玛利亚，你最喜欢什么运动？ 玛利亚：我当然最喜欢篮球啊。 迈克尔：我也是的。那你最喜欢的球员 是谁？ 玛利亚：勒布朗。詹姆斯。你呢？ 迈克尔：我最喜欢姚明。 玛利亚：你了解他吗？ 迈克尔：知道。他身高2.26米。他曾 效力于NBA休斯敦火箭队。我要成为像 他一样的一个篮球运动员。那是我的梦 想。你长大以后想做什么呢？ 玛利亚：我要成为一名科学家。 （3） 第一单元话题1 C 安非常喜欢运动，她每周骑两次自行车 并且在周日登山。她每天花半小时在体 育馆锻炼。她周六学习打棒球，现在她 已经打得很好了。她还擅长跳跃。下周 末将举行跳高和跳远比赛。她的同学将 会为她加油。他们确信她会赢。 C1d p6 1.你最喜欢哪项运动，为什么？ 2.你通常什么时候，在哪里做运动？ 3.你多长时间做一次？ 4.你每次做多久？ 5.它对你的健康有益吗？ （4） C2a p6 A：你今天下午要干什么？ B：他要踢足球。他非常喜欢足球。 A：为什么？ B:因为踢足球使他身体健壮。而且这项 运动在全世界都很流行。 第一单元话题1 D 在过去的二十年中。大卫贝克汉姆是一 位十分著名的足球运动员。他曾效力于 英格兰，西班牙，美国和意大利。他和 他的队友昨天抵达北京。他们将要同中 国国家队比赛。球迷们很兴奋。但遗憾 的是队员们不会久留。他们将与后天动 身前往日本。与日本国家队进行一场比 赛。（5） 第一单元话题2 A 1a 康康：迈克尔，请你帮个忙好吗？ 迈克尔：当然。什么事？ 康康：我们班这周六将和五班进行一场 足球比赛。但是我的一个队员病了。你 愿意加入我们吗？ 迈克尔：我很乐意。但是我不太擅长踢 足球。请你教我，好吗？ 康康：没问题。你可以的！我们去练习 吧。 （6） 第一单元话题2 B 康康：迈克尔，我们输了是因为你没有 传球。 迈克尔：你是什么意思？不要对我那样 大喊大叫。我也不想我们队输。 康康：但是我们输了。 玛利亚：康康，迈克尔，请不要吵了。 迈克尔踢得不好，但是他尽力了。 简：迈克尔，你应该学习一下团队精神。 多把球传给队友，你要知道，一名队员 不能组成一支队伍，我们应该学会团队 合作。(7) 第一单元话题2 B 玛利亚：康康，迈克尔不要再生对方的 气了，你们两个在比赛之前应该多谈论 下比赛，康康，你向迈克尔道个歉怎么 样呢？ 康康：迈克尔，我为我所说的话感到抱 歉。 迈克尔：没关系。 简：迈克尔，多加练习，下一次你会做 得更好！ 玛利亚：好！继续努力！你们一定会玩 的跟高兴。 （8） 第一单元话题2 C

《英汉翻译理论与实践》教学大纲

《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程教学大纲 （英文名称E-C Translation: Theory and Practice） 一、课程说明 课程编码 22110280 课程总学时 32 周学时 2 学分 1.5 课程性质专业必修课适用专业英语专业1、教学内容与学时安排（见下表）： 教学内容与学时安排表

2、课程教学目的与要求： 本课程是高等学校英语专业三年级学生开设的一门专业必修课。它是理论与实践相结合的一门课程，其主要目的在于使学生具备笔头英汉翻译的基本能力。通过介绍各类文体语言的特点、汉英两种语言的对比和分析以及各种不同文体的翻译方法，使学生掌握英汉翻译的基本理论，掌握英汉词语、长句及各种文体的翻译技巧和英译汉的能力。要求译文比较准确、流畅，翻译速度达到每小时250-300字。 3、本门课程与其它课程关系： 本课程为英语专业本科三年级学生开设。学生在修该课程之前已修完综合阅读，综合英语，语法学，词汇学，英美文化等课程，这些课程都为学生修该课程奠定了扎实的语言基础。该课程又是学生综合英语语言运用能力的体现和反映，它的开设不仅能提高学生的翻译能力，而且它与英美文学，语言学，口译，高级英语等都能帮助学生进一步提高他们的综合英语语言运用能力。 4、推荐教材及参考书： 教材采用孙致礼编著的《新编英汉翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社（2003年4月第1版）教学参考书 Baker, Mona. 2001. In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. Bassnett S, Lefevere A. 2001. Constructing Cultures: Essays On Literary Translation.Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. Brown Gillian & Yule George. 1983. Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 2000 Catford, J.C. 1965. A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University Press. Hatim B. 2001. Communication Across Cultures:Translation Theory and Contrastive Text

经典广告词中英文翻译

经典广告词中英文翻译2．Obey your thirst．服从你的渴望。（雪碧） 3．The new digital era．数码新时代。（索尼影碟机） 4．We lead．Others copy．我们领先，他人仿效。（理光复印机）5．Impossible made possible．使不可能变为可能。（佳能打印机） 6．Take time to indulge．尽情享受吧！（雀巢冰激凌） 7．The relentless pursuit of perfection．不懈追求完美。（凌志轿车）8．Poetry in motion，dancing close to me．动态的诗，向我舞近。（丰田汽车）9．Come to where the flavor is．Marlboro Country． 光临风韵之境——万宝路世界。（万宝路香烟） 10．To me，the past is black and white，but the future is always color．对我而言，过去平淡无奇；而未来，却是绚烂缤纷。（轩尼诗酒） 11. Just do it.只管去做。（耐克运动鞋） 12. Ask for more.渴望无限。（百事流行鞋） 13. The taste is great.味道好极了。（雀巢咖啡） 14. Feel the new space.感受新境界。（三星电子） 15. Intelligence everywhere.智慧演绎，无处不在。（摩托罗拉手机） 16. The choice of a new generation. 新一代的选择。（百事可乐） 17. We integrate, you communicate. 我们集大成，您超越自我。（三菱电工） 18. Take TOSHIBA, take the world. 拥有东芝，拥有世界。（东芝电子） 19. Let’s make things better.让我们做得更好。（飞利浦电子） 20. No business too small, no problem too big. 没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。（IBM公司） 1 Good to the last drop 滴滴香浓，意犹未尽麦式咖啡Maxwell 2 Time is what you make of it 天长地久斯沃奇手表Swatch 3Make yourself heard 理解就是沟通爱立信Ericsson 4Start ahead 成功之路从头开始飘柔rejoice 5Diamond lasts forever 钻石恒久远，一颗永流传第比尔斯De Bieeres 6Things go better with Coca-cola 饮可口可乐万事如意 7Connecting people Nokia 科技以人为本诺基亚Nokia 9A Kodak moment 就在柯达一刻柯达Kodak 10Mosquito Bye Bye Bye，蚊子杀杀杀雷达牌驱蚊虫剂RADAR

(完整版)高三英语翻译练习150

英语翻译练习150句 1.这次演出使得他想成为影星的梦想得以实现。(make it possible) 2.在详细地研究这个问题后，我们终于找到了解决它的方法。(solution to ) 3.你能不能告诉我，你们中有多少人将参加运动会？(take part in) 4.我第一次来上海就喜欢这个美丽的城市。(the first time) 5.越来越多的医生赞成使用心理疗法治疗生理疾病。(in favor of) 6.我们祝贺他被共青团所接受。(congratulate) 7.我们现在所学的东西，无论校内校外的，都将对我们的将来产生很大的影响。(effect) 8.地球为人类提供了各种生存的条件。(provide) 9.如果你现在放弃的话，很可能你再也不会有机会了。(the chances are that) 10.他一看见地上躺着一个伤得很重的男子，就立刻打电话叫救护车。(right off) 11.你打电话来时如果我不在，可叫我兄弟代接。(available) 12.由于他对公众的杰出服务，她奖到了一枚金牌。(award) 13.上海市近年内交通工具发生了较大变化。(in the means of) 14.人们相信每年种树对改善环境有好处。(believe) 15.过了许多年他才知道谁在她困难的时候帮助了他。(before)

16.他从未想到题目越容易就应该越仔细。(occur) 17.问题的另一方面是如何最充分地利用在校时间。(make the best use of) 18.众所周知，Tony是个很难取悦的艺术家。(known to) 19.一些世界名著的简写本(version)对学生有益。(simplified) 20.虽然我们很少察觉到，但语言随着时代而变化。(aware, change) 21.我们送他们一件礼物，表示感谢他们为我们所做的一切。(show one’s appreciation for) 22.没有必要再与他多谈，因为他主意已定，决定好好学习。(no need) 23.我们都非常尊敬那位在生物学研究方面做出重要发现的科学家。(discovery) 24.他听不懂老师用法语上的数学课。(difficulty in) 25.这位作家因他那部优秀的小说而被授予诺贝尔文学奖。(awarded) 26.据说他们已解决了资金缺少的问题。(be believed to) 27.那位校长在这次访问中的所见所闻给他留下了深刻的印象。(impression) 28.如果你想保持健康，你应该每天喝几杯水。(remain) 29.最使他妈生气的不是他的无知而是他的懒散。(not…but) 30.是你的有效建议是我们能在周末来学校进行体育运动。(make…possible)

大一英语_翻译题

A. Translate the following into English. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. 昨晚在晚会上你玩得开心吗？（have a great time） Did you have a great time at the party last night? 2. 这个学期她选修了英语、计算机和驾驶三门课程。（take a course） This term she has taken courses in English, computers/computing, and driving. 3. 朋友帮了他很多忙，他欠他们的情。（have a debt） He has a debt to his friends who have helped him a lot. 4. 我明白了一个道理：永远不要让你的朋友失望。（let down） I have learnt one thing: never let your friends down. B. Translate the following into Chinese. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. True, there will be many people ready to help you, but you will often have to take the first step in whatever you choose to do. 的确，会有很多人帮助你，但是无论你决定做什么，你常常得自己走出第一步。 2. As a teacher, I always tell my students to work hard and keep up from day one. 作为老师，我总是告诫我的学生从第一天开始就努力奋斗、积极向上。 3. For a rich full life of college, you should make the most of the opportunities at hand. 为了你的大学生活过得充实、丰富，你应该充分利用即将得到的机会。 4. So, as you begin your college career, make up your mind to learn as much as possible. 因此，在开始你的大学生涯时，请下定决心好好学习。 A. Translate the following into English. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. 假如你让他待在你家，你就是在自找麻烦。（ask for） If you let him stay at your home, you are asking for trouble. 2. 善于学习语言的人能够把他们的错误变成通向成功的一大步。（turn...into） Good language learners can turn their mistakes into a big step toward their success. 3. 这次事故（accident）给了他一个教训，从此他再也不会酒后驾车了。（teach someone a lesson）