科技英语翻译
1.This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments, and deserves special
consideration.
这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门考虑一下。（时态）
2.If we had known the properties of the material, we should have made full use of it.
要是当时了解这种材料的特性的话，我们就会充分利用它了。（虚拟语气）
3.Let P represent the energy which a machine transforms into useful work, and T the total
input work, the efficiency of the engine can be expressed as P/T.
假设P表示机器已经变成有用功的能量，T表示总输入功，那么，发电机的效率可以表示为P/T。
4.Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.
应当注意机器的工作温度。（被动语态）
5.The solar wind grossly distorts the earth's magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail.
太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外拉牵，扯出一条长尾。
6.Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.
电视通过无线电波发射和接受各种活动物体的图像。（名词化结构）
7.An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired
from the study of a representative particular science.
要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。
8.Apart from the international agencies controlled by the U.N., many scientific and
technological organizations, both governmental and privately owned, are pooling their resources and incorporating themselves into supra-national bodies; a good example is the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, with over 20 member-countries throughout the world.
除去联合国直属的国际机构之外，许多科技组织不论是政府的还是私营的，都在将它们的资源汇集起来并将自己合并成超国家的组织。由世界上20多个国家参加的经济合作与发展组织就是一个范例。
9.The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste on
which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury, but where during the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth.
月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界，是一片多山的不毛之地。在酷热的白昼，太阳向它倾泻着无情的烈焰，而漫长的严寒却远远不是我们在地球上所能体验到的。(多长句和逻辑关联词)
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c38300221.html,puting machines are essentially machines for recording numbers , operating with
numbers, and giving the result in numerical form.
计算机本质上是一种记录数字、运算数字并给出数字结果的机器。（介词的广泛使用）
11.The ON condition makes the data equipment ready to the communication equipment to
be connected to the communication channel.
数据（存储）设备在接通状态时通过通道与通信设备连接。
12.Then the surgeon cut him open and took out the appendix and stitched him up again.
医生切开他的腹部，割除了阑尾，又把他腹部缝好。
13.Design is a series of operations involved in taking a product from a conceptual stage to a
form that meets both company goals and customer expectations.
设计是一系列的操作，包含该产品从构思阶段到同时满足公司目标和客户期望的结构样式。
14.After the spring has been close to its solid height , the compressive force is removed.
弹簧被压缩到接近并紧高度之后就没有压力了。
15.To get an idea of electrical pressure , let us consider a simple analogy.
为了得出电压的概念，让我们考虑一个简单的类似情况。
16.This laser beam covers a very narrow range of frequencies.
这种激光束的频率范围很窄。
17.The shadow cast by an object is long or short according as the sun is high up in the
heaven or near the horizon.
物体投影的长短取决于太阳是高挂天空还是靠近地平线。
18.Earthquakes seem less easy to be controlled by man than weather.
人类要控制地震似乎比控制天气更难。（语序调整法）
19.These waves, which are commonly called radio waves, travel with the velocity of light.
这些电波一般以光的速度进行传播，它们通常被称为无线电波。
20.To picture the stress state, select the original a reference system at the center of the
contact area with x parallel to the cylindrical axes, y perpendicular to the plane formed by the two cylinder axes, and z in the plane of the contact force.
为描述应力状态，选择参考坐标系，原点选在接触面的中心，x轴平行于圆柱体的轴线，y轴垂直圆柱体轴线所形成的平面，z轴处于接触力所在的平面。（重组法）21.This article aims at discussing new developments in component material and techniques.
本文的目的在于讨论元件材料和元件技术的新发展。（动词转换为名词）
22.These products tend to react with soap and detergents and produce soap scum.
这些产品往往会跟肥皂和洗涤剂发生反应，进而产生肥皂浮渣。（动词转换为副词）23.The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor
productivity.
使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。（名词转换为动词）
24.This experiment is an absolute necessity in determining the best processing route.
对确定最佳工艺流程而言，这次实验是绝对必要的。（名词转换为形容词）
25.Both of the substances are not soluble in water.
这两种物质都不溶于水。（形容词转换为动词）
26.This metal is less hard than that one.
这种金属的硬度比那种差。（形容词转换为名词）
27.The capacity to move information quickly and inexpensively is due to entirely new uses
of communications.
快速廉价的信息传递是由于通讯设备彻底更新的原因。（副词转换为形容词）
28.It is demonstrated that dust is extremely hazardous.
已经证实，粉尘具有极大的危害。（副词转换为形容词）
29.Chlorine is very active chemically.
氯的化学性能很活跃。（副词转换为名词）
30.After careful investigation they found the design behind.
经过仔细研究后，他们发现这个设计落后了。（副词转换为动词）
31.The best conductor has the least resistance and the poorest has the greatest.
最好的导体电阻最小，最差的导体电阻最大。(增加省略的名词)
32.The bond between mathematics and the life sciences has been strengthened by the
emergence of a whole group of applied mathematics specialties, such as biometrics，psychometrics, and econometrics.
生物统计学、心理测验学、计量经济学等一大批应用数学专业学科的出现，大大加强了数学和生命科学之间的联系。（增加概括性的名词）
33.Deflation has now reached unprecedented level.
通货紧缩已经发展到了空前严重的地步。（增加形容词）
34.Carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon oxides.
碳与氧化合后便构成各种碳氧化合物。（增加关联词）
35.A new kind of computer—small, cheap, fine—is attracting increasing attention.
一种新型的计算机越来越引起人们的注意—这种计算机体积小巧、价格低廉、性能优越。（增加具有修饰作用的名词）
36.The resistance of a given section of an electric circuit is equal to the ratio of its voltage to
the current through this section of the circuit.
电路某一段的电阻等于其电压与流过该段电路的电流之比。（定冠词的省译）
37.Since copper possesses good conductivity, it is widely used in electrical engineering.
由于铜具有良好的导电性，所以被广泛应用于电气工程。
38.Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic weight of 1.008.
氢是最轻的元素，原子量是1.008。（省译某些介词搭配中的介词）
39.Therefore the transformer can be used to step up or step down alternating voltage.
因此，变压器可以用来升降压。
40.Ductility of a metal is usually much less when hot than when cold.
热状态的金属韧性一般要比冷状态的金属低得多。
41.When an electric current flows through a wire, the wire will get hot.
当电流通过电线时，电线就热了。（动词的省译）
42.It is essential that the mechanic or technician understand well the characteristics of
battery circuits and cells.
技术人员很好地了解电池的电路特性以及连接电池的适当方法是必不可少的。（修辞性省译）
43.X-ray have the same nature as visible light, but their wavelength is much less.
X射线与可见光的性质相同，但X射线的波长要短得多。（代词的重译）
44.Gas, oil, and electric furnaces are most widely used in industry.
工业上广泛应用的是煤气炉、油炉和电炉。（多枝共干结构中共有成份的重译）45.As substitutes for natural gemstones, ruby and blue sapphire are the most favored colors.
作为天然宝石的替代品，红宝石和蓝宝石的颜色非常漂亮，因此深受人们的欢迎。
（分译副词）
46.A few of the pictures are worth mentioning both for their technical excellence and
interesting content.
有些照片技术高超、内容有趣，值得一提。（分译介词短语）
47.Being very small, this force may be neglected.
这个力很小，所以可以忽略不计。（分译分词短语）
48.Analysis of a damaged material usually requires intuitive judgment followed by real-time
testing.
我们在分析破损材料时，通常需要先做直观判断，再做时间检验。（分译名词化结构）
49.Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource inexhaustible and available
everywhere, coal which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost, and lime which can be obtained from the calcinations of limestone widely present in nature.
塑料是由水、煤和石灰组成的。水是取之不尽的到处可以获得的天然资源；煤是用自动化和机械化手段开采的，成本较低；石灰是由煅烧自然界中广泛存在的石灰石得来的。（长句的翻译）
50.Generally speaking, the typical metal conducts electricity and heat. It shows lustrous
surface, usually with white, or so-called metallic luster. It is ductile and malleable.
一般来说，典型的金属能导热导电，表面有光泽，具有延展性和可锻性。（英语单句的合译）
51.The Transport and Road Research Laboratory (TRRL), which is funded by the
Department of Transport, estimated this figure after monitoring the routes that a selection of drivers decided to follow between given places.
这个估计数字是由运输部资助的运输与道路研究实验室对一些指定的司机在指定地点之间所决定的行车路线进行检测后得出的。
52.This type of “early discovery” of lung cancer followed by surgical cure, which currently
seems to be the most effective form of therapy, is often bubbled by diverse biologic behaviors in the rate and direction of the growth of cancer.
人们希望“早期发现”肺癌，随后进行外科治疗，因为外科治疗可能是效果最好的办法。然而，由于肺癌生长速度和生长方向等生物学特征有很大差异，早期发现的希望往往落空。（英语减少分句的复句合译）
53.“EST Reading and Translation”is the only reference book available here on the subject.
《科技英语阅读与翻译》是这里惟一能找到的有关该题目的参考书。
54.The Industrial Revolution started in England at the second half of the 18th century.
工业革命18世纪后半叶，在英国开始。
55.Beijing has designated three hospitals with experience treating SARS patient to receive
swine flu patients.
北京政府已经指定三家有治疗SARS病人经验的医院来接收猪流感病人。（缩略语的零翻译）
56.Power can be transmitted over a long distance.
电力可以远距离输送。（根据学科领域或专业确定词义，同一词在同一专业领域中也会有不同的词义）
57.Insulators can also conduct electricity to some extent, though they give a high resistance
to an electric current.
绝缘体虽然电阻很大，抑制电流流通，但在某种程度上也是可以导电的。
58.This computer is specialized in processing the statistics collected during the market
survey.
这台电脑专门负责处理在市场调查中收集的数据。
59.The liquid carries the current through cell between the two plates.
液体使电流通过电池，由一块极板流向另一块极板。
60.This current which flows first in one direction and then in the other is called an
alternation current.
这种流向改变的电流成为交流电。（动词的词义引申）
61.Here we have a potential difference, and yet not current.
在这种情况下，有电位差而没有电流。
62.These machines have been used extensively and very successfully for some years
especially in the USA.
这些机械近年来尤其是在美国应用得非常广泛和成功。
63.Adverse to iron, mercury is in a liquid state at ordinary temperature.
水银与铁不同，在常温下是液态。
64.The computer can read in and out information in less than a second.
这台计算机能在不到一秒钟的时间里输入和输出数据。
65.I can’t concentrate on my work with so many machines making so much noise.
由于机器噪音太大，我的精力难以集中在工作上。
66.Xrays have the same nature as visible light, but their wavelength is much less.
X射线与可见光的性质相同，但X射线的波长要短得多。
67.Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it easily.
物质具有一定的特征，因此我们能很容易地识别它。
68.Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller units known as “subatomic
particles.”
原子虽小，却仍由叫做“亚原子粒子”的更小单位组成。
69.The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions.
两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。
70.Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.
几乎所有的物质都热胀冷缩。
71.Sound is carried by air, and without air there can be no sound.
声音靠空气传播，因此没有空气也就没有声音。（连词的省略）
72.IPC is more reliable than common computer.
工控机的可靠性比普通计算机要高。（形容词转移为名词）
73.The electricity crisis can be solved as long as low-cost power is available.
只要能获得低成本的电力，电力紧张问题就会解决。（形容词转译为动词）
74.The dielectric material is not perfect , so a small leakage current will flow through it.
电容电介材料是不完全绝缘的，因而会有少量的泄露电流流出。（形容词前増译名词）
75.The electrons to move freely play an important role in the formation of electric current.
自由运动的电子在电流形成中起着重要的作用。（“形容词+不定式短语”结构可译
为汉语的“的”字结构）
76.Many problems, both technological and financial, need to be solved.
许多问题需要解决，既包括技术问题又包括财政问题。（形容词并列结构）
77.Such recent terms as chemical physics and biophysics are indicative of the widening
application of the principles of physics, even in the studies of living organisms.
像化学物理学和生物物理学这类新术语，就是物理原理被推广应用的明证，表明其应用范围甚至已扩展到生物机理的研究中。（作表语的形容词）
78.Traditionally, our society has trained men to be comfortable with competition and
uncomfortable with intimacy.
社会培养男性的传统模式使得他们能够从容的面对竞争，面对亲情却无所适从。79.The reserve voltage gain can usually be neglected.
反向电压增益通常可以忽略不计。（被动语态副词直译）
80.The expansion of metal on heating must be taken into consideration before a long metal
bridge is built.
要建造金属大桥，就必须考虑金属的热膨胀特性。（增补法）
81.The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of a
generator or dynamo.
利用发电机能把机械能再转变成电能。
82.While small generators frequently have revolving armatures，large machines usually have
stationary armatures and revolving fields.
小型发电机常采用旋转电枢，而大型发电机常采用静止电枢，旋转磁场。
83.Modern industry needs considerable quantities of this metal，either in the form of iron or
in the form of steel.
现代工业对这种金属的需求量很大，无论是铁的形式还是钢的形式。
84.If you treble the distance between an object and the earth ，the gravitational attraction
gets nine times weaker.
如果一个物体与地球之间的距离增加两倍，则它收到地球的引力会减小到原来的1/9。
85.In 1943 the British developed a new type of radar set which used a much shorter
wavelength.
1943年，英国人发明了一种波长短得多的新型雷达。
86.Knowing the properties of the material，we can make full use of it.
知道这种材料的特性后，我们就能充分利用它了。
87.Being stable in air at ordinary temperature , mercury combines with oxygen if heated.
即使常温下水银在空气中是稳定的，但给他加热它就会与氧结合。
88.In fact , materials as used in transistors do not exist in nature but are man-made.
实际上，晶体管中所用的材料是人造的，在自然界中并不存在。
89.Physical chemistry applies the methods of physics to the study of chemical systems.
物理化学是物理学的研究方法应用于研究化学规律。
90.For about the last 200 years , the structural theory has been developed by scientists ,
mathematicians and engineers , with the very practical object of providing a reliable basis for the design of structures by calculation.
近200年来，科学家、数学家和工程师们发展了结构理论，其目的在于通过计算给结构物的设计工作提供可靠的基础。
91.It will become possible, with the aid of electronic computer, to produce goods by teams
of machines that transfer materials from one to another.
借助电子计算机，利用几组机器把材料从一台机器传送到另一台机器来生产产品将成为现实。（不定式短语的倒译）
92.When the effect of inductance is such as to cause induced voltage in the same circuit in
which the changing current is flowing, the term self-induction is applied to the phenomenon.
当电感效应在变化的电流流过的同一电路里足以引起感应电压时，我们就用“自感”
这个词来描述这一现象。（不定式作定语译成主谓关系短语）
93.To allow our silicon crystal to conduct electricity, we must find a way to allow some
electron to move from place within the crystal.
为了让硅晶体导电，我们必须寻找一种方法让一些电子在晶体内移动。（不定式作目的状语采用顺译法）
94.Short circuits would cause every strong currents to flow.
短路会使得很大的电流流过。
95.The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by the delivery of
energy.
电工学主要关注的是通过输送能量做功的情况。
96.The last 10 years witnessed the great changes in the development of hydroelectric power
in China.
最近10年，中国在水力发电方面取得了重大进展。
97.Various substances differ widely in their conductivity.
各种材料的传导性有很大不同之处。（谓语转译成宾语）
98.This material is sound-proof.
这种材料具有隔音效果。（表语转译为宾语）
99.The new equipments provide a relatively small loss of energy.
新设备的耗能较小。
100.In China, the first nuclear power plant was put in operation in Dayawan, Guangdong Province, in 1994.
中国的第一个核电站于1994年在广东大亚湾开始运行。
101.Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has strong affinity.
铝总是和其他元素结合在一起，最普遍的是和氧结合在一起，因为铝对氧有很强的亲和力。由于这个原因，在自然界中任何地方都找不到游离状态的铝；所以一直到十九世纪人们才知道有铝。（倒译法）
102.Great efforts will be made to achieve advancement and independent innovation of technology, which will lead to improved safety and cost-efficiency of nuclear power reactors and competitiveness of nuclear power.
我们将更努力实现先进的技术和技术的自我更新，这将提高核反应堆的安全和成本
效益及核电的综合性能。
103.When you use a computer to process information, you must have input, which is the data you will deal with; you must process the data, which is the act of doing something with data according to instructions, and you must have output, which is the result of your processing.
使用计算机处理信息时，必须输入所要处理的数据；同时必须按工作指令处理这些数据；最后，还必须有输出，即处理的结果。（重组法）
104.There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity.
某些金属具有导电的能力。
105.The amount of deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress provided the force does not exceed a certain limit.
如果外力不超过某一限度的话，那么，形变量与外力成正比。（条件状语从句的翻译）
106.Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonic, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be.
各种机器零件，不管多脏，也不管形状多么不规则，用超声波处理，都可以清理得干干净净，甚至像新零件一样。（让步状语从句的翻译）
107.The ozone layer which surrounds the earth shields the planet lest it be subjected to strong ultraviolet radiation.
地球上空的臭氧层起着保护地球，以免其受紫外线强烈辐射。
108.Obviously there was little probability that they would succeed in electrolysis.
很明显，他们在电解方面成功的可能性是极小的。
109.Scientists have already known that under the extreme temperatures, say 260℃, metal presents zero resistance, that is, superconductivity of metal.
科学家们已经了解到，在极端的温度下，比如零下260℃，金属呈零电阻，也就是说，金属具有超导性。
110.The principal objection to arc lighting was its high intensity, making it unsuitable for most indoor applications.
人们反对弧光灯，主要是由于其灯光强度高，因此，不适用于大多数的室内照明。
（译成人称主语句）
111.The airplane is supported by the wings; it is propelled by the power plant; it is guided by its control surfaces.
飞机靠机翼支撑，靠动力装置推进，靠操纵面导向。
112.The deficiency of such observations will be eliminated by the installation of more oceanbottom seismographs.
安装更多的海底地震仪可以弥补这种观测上的不足。
113.It should be noted that increasing the length of the wire will increase its resistance.
应当注意，增加导线长度会增加其电阻。
114.If something should go wrong, the signal lamp would light up.
万一发生了什么事故，信号灯就会照亮。
115.So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
光的传播如此之快，以致我们难以想象它的速度有多大。
116.Should the current be cut off, coil would return to its original position.
如果切断电流，线圈即恢复原来位置。
117.Set an object in motion, and it will keep on moving because of its inertia.
使物体运动起来，它就会因惯性作用而继续运动。
118.He developed a computer model based on the data accumulated in these studies.
他根据研究中积累的数据研制了一个计算机模型。
119.If broken anywhere, the electric circuit will immediately stop carrying a current.
不论在什么地方切断，电路都会立即停止通电。
120.One China-made 300MW PWR reactor and turbogenerator unit has been installed at Qinshan in Zhejiang province.
一套国产的30万压水堆发电机组已安装在浙江省的秦山。
121.Neither refractory materials nor magnetic materials can be used to make the part.
耐火材料和磁性材料都不适合生产这种零件。
122.No grinding must be applied to the work.
这种工件根本不必采用磨削加工。
123.Never touch a switch when your hands are wet.
严禁湿手触摸开关。
124.The engine did not stop because the fuel was finished.
引擎停止运转并非因为燃料耗尽。
125.If a river turns the turbines, it does all the necessary work, and no fuel is needed.
如果河水推动了涡轮机，那就完成了所有必要的工作，不再需要任何燃料了。126.We shall consent to the designing plan under no circumstance.
在任何情况下，我们都不会同意这个设计方案。
127.These basic concepts must be kept in mind in our discussion.
我们讨论问题时，不能忘记这些基本点。
128.The scientists made a solemn pledge at the conference, saying，“we’ll forever live up to what our Party and the people expect of us.”
科学家们在会上庄严地保证说：“我们绝不辜负党和人民对我们的期望。”
129.There was something wrong with the meter before we finished the experiment.
我们还没做完实验，这台仪表就坏了。
130.The performance of the machine is short of the requirements.
机器的性能没有达到要求。
131.The task was anything but easy.
这项任务根本不容易。
132.All metals do not conduct electricity equally well.
并非所有金属的导电性都能同样好。
133.Both the instruments are not precision ones.
这两件东西不都是精密仪器。
134.Everything is not straightened out.
并非每一个问题都弄清楚了。
135.Digital oscilloscopes cannot be often used in our experiments.
数字示波器不常用在我们的实验中。
136.Friction is not always useless, in certain cases it becomes a helpful necessity.
摩擦并不总是无用的，在某些情况下它是有益的、必需的。
137.There is no rule that has no exception.
任何规则都不会没有例外。
138.Without computer ,we could not finish these complicated jobs so easily.
要是没有计算机，我们就不可能如此轻而易举地完成这些复杂工作。
139.There is no denying the truth.
真理是不能否认的。
140.It is impossible for heat to be converted into a certain kind of energy without something lost.
一点不损耗就把热能转换成某种能量是不可能的。
141.Nothing is unnecessary.
没有什么是不必要的。
142.He must have completed his design.
他的设计不可能还没完成。
143.But that we did the experiment, we could not have got the correct result.
不做这个实验，我们就不能得到正确的结果。
144.Rarely do metals occur in nature in a pure form by themselves.
在自然界，金属很少以纯金属的形式单独存在。
145.The installed capacity in this power plant hardly changes at all.
这个电厂的装机容量几乎没有什么变化。
146.Very little error is introduced if the magnetic branch is transferred to the primary terminals.
将励磁支路转移至输入端几乎产生不了多大误差。
147.Global deforestation and the use of fossil fuels accelerate the trend of global warming.
全球的毁林以及矿物燃料的使用加剧了全球变暖的趋势。
148.Deforestation含有否定含义，翻译时译作“毁林”。
Only recently Canadian researchers, probing the pickled brain of Albert Einstein, found that he had an unusually large inferior parietal.
最近，几位加拿大学者对泡在盐水里的爱因斯坦的大脑研究了一番，他们发现这位科学家有一个大得出奇的下顶叶。
149.Blackouts are now history in Sichuan, thanks to a crash program of construction of power grids.
由于搞了一个应急电网建设项目，四川经常停电的历史已经一去不复返了。150.How imperfect the rules and regulations are!
这些规章制度多不完善！
西南交大科技英语翻译期末考试复习题答案
1.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. 这里，由于地心的剧烈活动，使山脉和火山升出水面。 2.After the Australian Taxation Office made its taxation forms simpler, it actually received praise from taxpayers who could finally understand it. 澳大利亚税务局将其表格文字简化后，受到了纳税人的广泛称赞，因为他们终于能看懂这些表格了 3.Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence, and then to interdependence. Losers do not. 虽然人们生来要成功，然而，他们同样生来就是无助的，完全依靠环境。成功者成功地从完全不能自立过渡到了独立，然后过渡到相互依靠。失败者则不然。 4.Darwin was convinced that the loss of the tastes in music and drawing was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能损伤智力，甚至可能会伤害道德。 5.No eating tools on the Chinese dinner table are more magical and distinctive than the chopsticks. 中餐桌上最神奇,最有特色的用餐工具莫过于筷子. 6.It is not on the shores of continents, nor in the coastal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky. 然而，浩瀚的太平洋最精美之处不在其大陆海岸，也不在沿海诸岛，而是在远离陆地的海域。在那里，富有神奇色彩的南太平洋诸岛像天上的繁星一样散布在广阔的海面上。 7.Circumstances and people are constantly changing. Some friendship last “forever”; others do not. 环境与人都在不断地改变。有些友谊地久天长，有些则如昙花一现。
科技英语翻译专业词汇-材料
Materials Science and Engineering arc welding 电弧焊 calcinations 煅烧 casting 熔铸 ceramic 陶瓷 chemical properties 化学性能 cold brittleness 低温脆性 colour liquid crystals 彩色液晶 congruent compound 合熔化合物 constant-deformation tests 定变形试验 Creep Strength 潜变强度 crystal pattern 晶体结构 data quartz fiber 数据石英光纤 die casting 拉模铸造 drawing & stamping 延轧 Dynamics of Forging System 锻压系统动力学 Edge Finish 边缘处理 Engineering Materials 工程材料 nano-material 纳米材料 ceramic 陶瓷 polymer 集合物 composite material 复合材料 biomaterial 生物材料semiconductor 半导体 conductor 导体 insulator 绝缘体 synthetic fabrics 合成纤维microstructures 显微结构 periodic table 周期表 Equipment for Heating Processing 热处理设备 Fatigue Test 疲劳测试 Features of Metal 金属的特性 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属 forging 锻造 foundry 铸造 High Polymer Material & Processing 高分子材料及加工Impact Test 冲击测试 Intermetallic compound 金属间化物 Ionic Solids 离子晶体 Magnetic Transformation 磁性变态 Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials 工程材料力学性能的测定Mechanical Property of Metal 金属机械性能 Metal Cutting Machine Tool 金属切削工具 Metal Erosion & Protection 金属腐蚀及防护 Metal Material Science 金属材料学 Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallographic Techniques 金相技术Metallography 金属学 Metallography & Heat Treatment 金属学与热处理
《科技英语翻译》课程练习十六
《科技英语翻译》课程练习十六 一、将以下指示与说明文体译成汉语 1. Important safety instructions 1) AC extension cords are not recommended for use with this product. If an extension cord must be used, be sure it is an approved type and has sufficient current-carrying capacity to power this product. 2) NEVER operate this product with any covers removed. 3) NEVER wet the inside of this product with any liquid. 4) NEVER pour or spill liquids directly into this unit. 5) NEVER block air flow through ventilation slots or heat sinks. 6) NEVER bypass any fuse. 7) NEVER replace any fuse with a value or type other than those specified. 8) NEVER attempt to repair this product. If a problem occurs, contact your local retailer. 9) NEVER expose this product to extremely high or low temperatures. 10) NEVER operate this product in an explosive atmosphere. 11) ALWAYS keep electrical equipment out of the reach of children. 二、将以下某款前置放大器使用说明译成汉语 1) DISPLAY INTENSITY BUTTON Cycles among four levels of brightness (including “off”）for the display, allowing adjustment for various ambient lighting conditions. When “off”, the display will turn on for a few seconds whenever a setting is changed. When used in conjunction with certain compatible ABC components, this button will control the display intensity of all lin ked components. (For more information, see “Linked Functions.”) 2) MODE INDICATORS Three LEDs give visual confirmation of the Operational Mode the preamplifier is in at any moment. 3) MODE BUTTON Cycles among the three primary Operational Modes of the preamplifier: Monitor (the source being listened to); Record Select (the source being provided to the Record Outputs); and Balance (the relative volumes of the Left and Right channels). Confirmation of these operating modes is given by the Mode Indicators below the
小议科技英语翻译技巧
小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，
科技英语中专业术语的翻译
科技英语中专业术语的 翻译 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）
科技英语中专业术语的翻译 1.意译：根据科技术语的含义，将其翻译成汉语里和它完全对等的名词就叫意译。对单个词语来说，意译也就是直译。意译法是最常用的翻译方法，它能使读者直接了解术语的含义。例子如下： ①firewall ．．．．．．．． ：防火墙 ②data mining ．．．．．．．．．． ：数据挖掘 ③automatic program control ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ：自动程序控制 2.形译：英语中有些科技术语的前半部分是表示该术语形象的字母或单词，翻译成汉语时可把这一部分翻译成表示具体形象的词，或保留原来的字母，这就叫形译。例子如下： I ．-．bar ．．． 工字钢、工字条；O ．-．ring ．．．． 环形圈；twist ．．．．．-．drill ．．．．．麻花钻；X ．-．Ray ．．．X 光；α．-．brass ．．．．． α黄铜[1] 3.音译：根据英语发音翻译成汉语里相应的词。科技英语中某些有专业名词构成的术语、单位名称、新型材料的名称等，在翻译时都可采用音译法。例子如下： gene ．．．． 基因；quark ．．．．． 夸克；Pentium ．．．．．．． 奔腾 celluloid ．．．．．．．．． 赛璐璐；nylon ．．．．． 尼龙 Hertz ．．．．．（Hz ）赫兹（频率单位）；lumen ．．．．．流明（光通量单位） 4.缩写词：英语首字母缩写词在科技新词中占很大比重，这类词如果译成汉语，就显得拖沓冗长，因此很多情况下干脆不翻译。例子如下： CPU ．．．：．C ．entral Processing Unit ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．(中央处理器) ASCII ．．．．．：．American S ．．．．．．．．．tandard ．．．．．．． C ．ode ．．． for ．．． I ．nformation ．．．．．．．．．． I ．nterchange ．．．．．．．．．． (美国信息交换标准码) ATM ．．．：．A ．synchronous ．．．．．．．．．．． T ．ransfer ．．．．．．． M ．ode ．．． (异步传输方式) 一些国际组织的缩写也常采用这种办法。例子如下： WTO ．．．(国际贸易组织)；UNESCO ．．．．．．(联合国教科文组织)；WHO ．．．(世界卫生组织)；IOC ．．． (国际奥委会)
科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.
翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法
华北电力大学科技英语翻译汇总题库
2018<科技英汉互译教程>上篇期末考试范围 P.23例2 This type of spring is extensively used in electrical instruments, and deserves special consideration. 这种弹簧广泛应用于电工仪表中，因此值得专门考虑一下。 P.24 例3 If the reaction took hours, and not seconds, the fuel costs would be prohibitive. 如果这一反应要花费数小时，而不是几秒钟，燃料费就太高了。 例7 Keep the batteries in dry places, and electricity may not be made to leak away. （如果）把蓄电池放在干燥的地方，就不会漏电。 这种句式中，祈使句表示条件，and后面的句子表示结果，可译为“如果……，就……”，或者“……就”。 P.25例12 In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us. 换言之，矿物就是存在于地球上，但须经过挖握、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。 例14 The solar wind grossly distorts the earth's magnetic field, dragging it out to a long tail. 太阳风使地球磁场的形状发生很大的变化，将它向外拉牵，扯出一条长尾。 译文中将分词短语译成了动词并列式分句（或后续分句），即在一个主语下使用两个或两个以上的并列动词，用逗号隔开。 P.26 例17 The substitution of some rolling friction for sliding friction results in a very considerable reduction in friction. 用滚动摩擦代替滑动摩擦，会大幅度减少摩擦力。 例20 An understanding of the essential character of scientific investigation is best acquired from the study of a representative particular science. 要了解科学研究最本质的特点，最好是对特定的典型学科进行研究。 P.27 例23 The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste on which during the heat of the day the sun blazed down with relentless fury, but where during the long night the cold is so intense that it far surpasses anything ever experienced on the earth. 月球完全是一个毫无生气的世界，是一片多山的不毛之地。在酷热的白昼，太阳向它倾泻着无情的烈焰，而浸长的严寒却远远不是我们在地球上所能体验到的。 原句中含有4个分句：由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰a world；介词on+关系代词which引导的定语从句，修饰a world的同位语a sterile mountainous waste；关系副词where 引导的定语从句，也修饰a sterile mountainous waste；so…that引导的结果状语从句。 例24 Computing machines are essentially machines for recording numbers, operating with numbers, and giving the result in numerical form. 计算机本质上是一种记录数字、运算数字并给出数字结果的机器。
科技英语翻译答案
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译） 人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译） The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译） 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译） 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词） 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词） An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） 她腰围40英寸。（副词） 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申） 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申） 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申） The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申） 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申） 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申） 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申） 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申） 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.
西南交通大学研究生 科技英语翻译 期末复习题
科技英语翻译联系200句 1.To transmit electromagnetic waves takes energy. 传送电磁波需要能量 2.Chemical control will do most of things in pest control. 化学防治能在病虫害防治中起主要作用。 3.It is not until wires are connected that the path is completed. 直到导线接上以后，此电路才接通。 4.The odds are heavily against any man being able to do the work in the field of abstract theory that Einstein is doing. 对任何能从事爱因斯坦正在进行的抽象理论研究的人来说，条件都是极为不利的。 5.Oscillator design is of an art rather than an exact science. 与其说振荡器的设计是一门严谨的科学，不如说它是一门艺术。 6.A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. 发现迅速减少到（了）1/7。 7.Birds and animals which hunt at night have eyes which contain few or no cones at all,so they cannot see colors. 凡是夜间觅食的飞禽走兽，因为眼睛中的视维细胞数量极少或根本没有，所以不能辨别颜色。 8.Tsunami is sometimes powerful enough to destroy a coastwise building it strikes. 海啸有时威力很大，足可摧毁它所冲击的沿岸的建筑物。 9.Not everybody is convinced the Leaning Tower of Pisa really can be saved. 并非每个人都相信比萨斜塔真的能免于坍塌。 10.Every crane has a certain hitting capacity, ranging from a few tons to many hundreds of tons. 每台起重机均有一定的起重力（量），该起重力（量）从几吨到几百吨不等。 11.The best solution is continue to reduce all sources of pollution affecting our atmousphere. 最好的方法是继续减少影响大气层的各种污染物。 12. Quantum chemistry is still in its infancy. 量子化学仍处于发展初期。 13.It is these drawbacks which need to be eliminated and which have led to the search for new processes. 正是因为这些缺点需要消除，才导致了对新方法的探求。 14.Real-time systems often need extraordinary precautions to guard against possible break down of computer. 实时系统往往需要特别小心，以防止计算机可能发生故障。 15.The steam engine uses a fire in a boiler rather than inside the engine. 蒸汽机所利用的是锅炉中的火，而不是发动机里边的火。 16.The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. 这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。17.Our primary purpose in studying fatigue is to understand why failures occur so that we can guard against them in an optimum manner. 我们研究疲劳的主要目的在于了解产生失效的原因，以便能以最佳的方式加以预防。 18.This system will build on the knowledge and experience gained in developing the existing suite of software products. 这个系统的基础是从开发现有的成套软件产品中所获得的知识和经验。 19.All metals do not conduct electricity equally well. 并非所有的金属的导电性能都同样好。20.It means that the mass of the comet cannot have amounted to as much as one ten-thousandth of that of the earth. 这表明这颗彗星的质量甚至不到地球质量的万分之一。 21.Inspection programs help to determine when to replace parts. 检验计划有助于确定更换零件的时间。