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成人本科学士学位英语模拟试题及答案

成人本科学士学位英语模拟试题及答案
成人本科学士学位英语模拟试题及答案

Part I V ocabulary and Structure (20 points)

Directions: In this part there are 20 in plete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best pletes the sentence. Then mark the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

1. It is reported that a (n) ______of accidents has occurred at that crossroads.

A. series

B. lot

C. number

D. amount

2. If someone is in the United States for good, it means he is there______.

A. to do good

B. temporarily

C. to rest well

D. permanently

3. Please let us have more time, ______?

A. shall we

B. will you

C. won’t

D. don’t you

4. There is no hurry. You can take your time ______ those exercises.

A. doing

B. to do

C. done

D. to be doing

5. He spoke English so well that I took it ______ that he was an American.

A. for granted

B. as true

C. for certain

D. as such

6. ______ we need air and water, so we need criticism and self-criticism.

A. Even though

B. So long as

C. Just as

D. Now that

7. Children are always curious ______ everything they see.

A. to

B. for

C. on

D. about

8. Anyone, rich or poor, old or young, sick or ______, can follow a favorite hobby.

A. well

B. good

C. fine

D. happy

9. It’s desired that she ______ to teach us at least twice a week.

A. es

B. will e

C. e

D. may e

10. ______, I should ask them some questions.

A. Should they e to us

B. If they e to us

C. Were they e to us

D. Had they e to us

11. In 1990 he caught a serious illness from ______ effects he still suffers.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. whose

12. He found ______ everybody know what had happened.

A. it necessary letting

B. it necessary to let

C. necessary letting

D. necessary to let

13. The interviewer should take down notes at the moment the person ______ answers the questions.

A. to be interviewed

B. interviewing

C. being interviewed

D. interviewed

14. “Car 17 won the race.” “Yes, but its driver came close to ______ killed.”

A. being

B. having been

C. be

D. have been

15. About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese ______ paper.

A. invented

B. had invented

C. have invented

D. had been invented

16. I have two friends but ______ of them likes to go fishing with me.

A. none

B. neither

C. both

D. either

17. His unhappy childhood ______ his bad temper.

A. counts for

B. accounts for

C. makes for

D. goes for

18. No one doubts ______ it is true.

A. whether

B. if

C. that

D. what

19. His brother had be e a teacher, ______ he wanted to be.

A. who

B. what

C. which

D. that

20. Not until I came to China ______ what kind of a county she is.

A. I knew

B. I didn’t kno w

C. I did know

D. did I know

Part II Reading prehension (40 points)

Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

Passage 1

How often one hears children wishing they were grown up, and old people wishing they were young again. Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age gives him without wasting his time in useless regrets.

Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities to make life difficult. If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do. It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return. In addition, life is always presenting new things to the child — things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known. But a child has his pains: he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is continually being told not to do things, or being punished for what he has done wrong. When the young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live fortably. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry. And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison. If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society.

21. According to Paragraph 2, the writer thinks that _______.

A. life for a child is paratively easy

B. a child is always loved whatever he does

C. if much is given to a child, he must do something in return

D. only children are interested in life

22. After a child grows up, he_____.

A. will have little time playing

B. has to be successful in finding a job

C. can still ask for help in time of trouble

D. should be able to take care of himself

23. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. People are often satisfied with their life.

B. Life is less interesting for old people.

C. Adults are freer to do what they want to do.

D. Adults should no longer rely on others.

24. The main idea of the passage is that ______.

A. life is not enjoyable since each age has some pains

B. young men can have the greatest happiness if they work hard

C. childhood is the most enjoyable time in one’s life

D. one is the happiest if he can make good use of each age in his life

25. The paragraph following the passage will most probably discuss ______.

A. examples of successful young men

B. how to build up one’s po sition in society

C. joys and pains of old people

D. what to do when one has problems in life

Passage 2

Every country tends to accept its own way of life as being the normal one and to praise or criticize others as they are similar to or different from it. And unfortunately, our picture of the people and the way of life of other countries is often a distorted (曲解) one.

Here is a great argument in favor of foreign travel and learning foreign languages. It is only by traveling in, or living in a county and getting to know its inhabitants and their language that one can find out what a country and its people are really like. And how different the knowledge one gains this way frequently turns out to be true from the second-hand information gathered from other sources! How often we find that the foreigners whom we thought to be such different people from ourselves are not very different after all!

Differences between peoples do of course, exist and, one hopes, will always continue to do so. The world will be a dull place indeed when all the different nationalities behave exactly alike, and some people might say that we are rapidly approaching this state of affairs. With the much greater rapidity and ease of travel, there might seem to be some truth in this at least as far as Europe is concerned. However this may be, at least the greater ease of travel today has revealed to more people than ever before that the Englishman or Frenchman or German is not some different kind of animal from themselves.

26. Every country criticizes ways of life in other countries because they are _______.

A. distorted

B. normal

C. similar to each other

D. different from its own

27. One who travels in a foreign country and learns its language will ______.

A. find out what its people are like

B. argue in favor of this country and the language

C. know the country and its people better

D. like its inhabitants and their language

28. The knowledge one gains by traveling in a foreign county is often _______.

A. from second-hand information

B. gathered from other sources than from its inhabitants

C. gained from the arguments about the country

D. different from what one had before the travel

29. Differences between peoples ________.

A. will gradually disappear because of ease of travel

B. do exist even though different nationalities behave exactly alike

C. will always continue to exist and the world will be a dull place

D. will not exist as one hopes

30. The underlined word “However” most probably means _________.

A. somewhat

B. by whatever means

C. anyhow

D. no matter what Passage 3

We arranged that Kissinger would fly to Vietnam for talks early in July and then stop in Pakistan on the way back. There he would develop a stomachache that would require him to stay in bed and not be seen by the press. Then, with President Yahya’s cooperation he would be taken to an airport where a Pakistan plane would fly him over the mountains to China.

Kissinger’s trip was given the code(密码) name Polo after Marco Polo, another Western traveler who made history by journeying to China. Everything went without a hitch. His slight illness in Islamabad received only minor attention from reporters covering him. They accepted the story that he would be confined to bed for at least a couple of days and began making arrangements for their own entertainment.

Because of the need for plete secrecy and the lack of any direct munication facilities between Beijing and Washington, I knew that we would have no word from Kissinger while he

was in China. Even after he had returned to Pakistan it would still be important to maintain secrecy. So before Kissinger left, we agreed on a single code word —Eureka -which he would use if his mission were successful.

On July 11, Al Haig, who knew our code word, phoned me to say that a cable from Kissinger had arrived.

“What’s the message?” I asked.

“Eureka,” he replied.

31. Kissinger stopped in Pakistan because ______.

A. he happened to have a stomachache

B. he needed a rest after a long journey

C. he had a secret mission to perform there

D. he did not want to be seen by the press

32. The reporters in Islamabad believed that ______.

A. Kissinger was not feeling well

B. Kissinger had just e back from Vietnam

C. Kissinger had put off leaving for China

D. Kissinger was preparing to entertain them

33. The statement “everything went without a hitch” (Para.2) most probab ly means that ______.

A. nothing was easy with the mission

B. the plans were carried out with great difficulty

C. things went smoothly

D. there was no possibility of success

34. There was no news from Kissinger while he was in Beijing, chiefly because _______.

A. his trip had to be kept secret

B. President Yahya did not go with Kissinger

C. munication between Beijing and Islamabad was difficult

D. the negotiation(谈判) was not successful

35. The passage implies that Kissinger’s message “Eureka” was sent _______.

A. when the negotiation started in Beijing

B. as soon as he arrived in Washington

C. when he flew to Vietnam on July 11

D. when the negotiation was pleted in Beijing Passage 4

No country in the world has more daily newspapers than the U.S.A. There are almost 2,000 of them, as pared with 180 in Japan, 144 in Argentina and 111 in Britain. The quality of some American papers is extremely high and their views are quoted all over the world. Distinguished dailies like the Washington Post or the New York Times have a powerful influence all over the country. However the Post and the Times are not national newspapers in the sense that The times is in Britain or Le Monde is in France, since each American city has its own daily newspaper. The best of these present detailed accounts of national and international news, but many tend to limit themselves to state or city news.

Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the “sensational”, which feature crime, sex and rumor, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. But with few exceptions American newspapers try to entertain as well as give information, for they have to pete with television.

Just as American newspapers give way to all tastes, so do they also try and apply to readers for all political persuasions. A few newspapers support extremist (过激分子) groups on the far right and on the far left, but most daily newspapers attempt to attract middle-of-the-road Americans who are essentially moderate. Many of these papers print columns by well-known journalists of different political and social views in order to present a balanced picture.

As in other democratic countries American newspapers can be either responsible or irresponsible, but it is generally accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once bravely uncovered political scandals (丑闻) or crimes, for instance, the

Watergate Affair. The newspapers drew the attention of the public to the fears of the Vietnam War.

36. There are fewer national newspapers in ______.

A. Britain than in the U.S.A.

B. France than in Britain

C. the U.S.A. than in Britain or France

D. France than in the U.S.A. or Britain

37. Most American newspapers try to entertain their readers because ______.

A. they have to keep up a good relation with them

B. they have to pete with television

C. they have to write about crime, sex and rumor

D. they have to give factual news in an interesting way

38. Many American newspapers attract readers of different political tendency by ______.

A. supporting extremist groups from time to time

B. inviting middle-of-the-road Americans to write articles for them

C. avoiding carrying articles about extremists

D. printing articles representing different political viewpoints

39. In this passage the underlined word “press” (Para.2) means ______.

A. a machine for printing

B. the business of printing

C. great force

D. newspapers

40. The passage is mainly about ______.

A. the characteristics of American newspapers

B. the development of American newspapers

C. the functions of American newspapers

D. the merits and short ings of American newspapers

Part III Cloze (10 points)

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blanks there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, you should choose one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the answer by blanking the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.

If you feel you have a closer relationship with your grandmother on your mother’s side than on you father’s side, it is no surprise to researchers at the universities of Newcastle and Antwerp. 41 on studies in the Netherlands, they claim that maternal grandparents(外祖父母)are likely to make greater efforts to maintain frequent contact 42 their grandchildren than paternal grandparents(祖父母).

They 43 that psychological behaviors related to human evolution are involved: women are always sure of their relationship to their sons or daughters, 44 men can never be wholly certain they are their children biological fathers.

Further more, maternal grandparents are always more certain than paternal grandparents 45 a grandchild is related to them: “Thus maternal grandparents may go the extra mile to visit their grandchildren.”

The study, 46 by Thomas Pollet and his colleagues, found that for grandparents 47 within 30 km of their grandchildren, more than 30 per cent of maternal grandmothers and 25 per cent of maternal grandfathers had 48 daily or a few times a week. In 49 , this fell to 15 percent for paternal grandparents.

Mr. Pollet said: “Even in families where there has been divorce, we found 50 differences. Grandparents o n your mother’s side make the extra effort.”

41. A. Based B. Relied C. Agreed D. Taken

42. A. for B. to C. in D. with

43. A. demand B. speculate C. deny D. require

44. A. where B. whereas C. which D. why

45. A. if B. how C. that D. as

46. A. e across B. cut back C. covered up D. carried out

47. A. departing B. existing C. living D. emerging

48. A. contact B. contract C. concern D. conduct

49. A. time B. detail C. addition D. contrast

50. A. unchanging B. unknown C. unlikely D. Unexpected

Part IV Translate from English to Chinese (20 points)

Directions: Read the following passage and translate the 5 parts underlined in the following passage from English into Chinese and write them on the Translation Paper.

Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than jobholders. (51) An investigation shows that whenever the unemployment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increases by 2%. All this es down to one point, work is helpful to health.

Why is work good for health? It is because work keeps people busy away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. (52)Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. (53)By work people e into contact with each other. By collective activity they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him ill.

(54 )Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or a doctor successfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words.

(55)From the above we can e to the conclusion that the more you work the happier and healthier you will be. Let us work hard and study hard and live a happy and healthy life.

Part V Writing (30 points)

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a position on the topic: Animals—Pets or Sources of Food and Clothing? Write at least 100 words and base your position on the outline below and use the words for references as many as you can.

1)有人认为,动物是宠物,是人类的朋友;

2)还有人认为,动物是人类衣、食的主要来源;

3)你的观点。

答案解析:

Part I V ocabulary and Structure

1. A【句意】据报道一系列事故发生在那个十字路口。

【解析】a series of“一系列”后面接可数名词复数做主语时谓语动词要求用单数。B、C、D意思都是“许多,大量”。而a number of后面加可数名词的复数,谓语动词用复数;an amount of后面要加不可数名词;a lot of后面可加可数名词或不可数名词。题干中of后面接的是accidents及谓语用has occurred单数形式,所以选择A答案。

2. D【句意】如果某人在美国不走了,那意味着他在那儿永久居住了。

【解析】固定搭配for good的意思是“永久地”。permanently“永久地”;to do good“做好

事”;temporarily“暂时的”;to rest well“好好休息”。

3. B【句意】请再多给我们点儿时间,好吗?

【解析】let us 引导的祈使句其反意疑问句一般用“will you”; let’s引导的祈使句其反意疑问句一般用“shall we”。

4. A【句意】不着急,你可以慢慢做那些练习。

【解析】短语take one’s time doing sth. 表示“不着急,慢慢做某事”。

5. A【句意】他英语说得如此好,以致于我想当然地认为他是一个美国人。

【解析】短语take sth. for granted意思是“想当然”。

6. C【句意】正如需要空气和水,我们还需要批评和自我批评。

【解析】even though“即使”;so long as“只要”;just as“正如”;now that“既然”。根据题意,C正确。

7. D【句意】孩子们总是对他们见到的一切事情感兴趣。

【解析】短语be curious about“对…好奇”。

8. A【句意】任何人,富有的或贫穷的,年老的或年轻的,生病的或健康的,都能有最喜爱的嗜好。

【解析】well用作形容词时表示“健康的”,所以选择well与sick相对应,符合题意。

9. C 【句意】我们希望她能一周至少来两次教我们。

【解析】It’s desired + that从句,句型中that后的主语从句要采用虚拟语气(should)+动词原形的形式。

10. A【句意】如果他们来我们这儿,我们就能问他们一些问题了。

【解析】此句是省略if的条件句,并且是与表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气的句子,所以从句要用should的结构。当if条件句中有助动词should, had 或were时,则可省去if, 而将should, had 或were置于句首,从而构成倒装虚拟句,意义不变。

11. D【句意】1990年他得了一场现在还时常遭受其痛苦的重病。

【解析】whose引导定语从句,whose可以做从句中的定语,which或that只能做主语或宾语。

12. B【句意】他发现让所有人都知道发生了什么事是必要的。

【解析】find it necessary + to do结构,it是形式宾语,形容词necessary是宾语补足语,动词不定式短语做真正的宾语。

13. C【句意】当受访人回答问题时,采访者应该记录下来。

【解析】当句中谓语动词所表示的动作和现在分词所表示的动作在时间上一致时,用现在分词一般式,如果分词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者,就要用现在分词的被动式。Being interviewed 是现在分词的被动语态作定语,修饰the person,所以选择C。

14. A【句意】“17号车赢得了比赛。”“是的,但车手几乎死于车赛。”

【解析】短语e close to相当于“almost, nearly”,此短语中的to是介词,因此后面要接动名词。而B选项“having been”是动名词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前,不合题意。

15. B【句意】大约公元6世纪,当欧洲人能够阅读的时候,中国人已经发明纸张了。

【解析】had invented过去完成时表示动作发生在过去的过去。跟据题干,所以选择B。16. B【句意】我有两个朋友,但是他们任何一个都不喜欢和我一块儿去钓鱼。

【解析】neither表示两者的否定。none是对三者或三者以上的否定;both指两者都;either 指两个中的任何一个。所以B符合题意。

17. B【句意】不幸的童年是他有坏脾气的原因。

【解析】account for“是……的原因,描述,解释”;count“计数”;make for“走向,冲向”;go for“出去进行,去请,适用于”。根据题意,B正确。

18. C【句意】没人怀疑它是真的。

【解析】doubt在表示否定的句子中通常接that从句表示怀疑,不相信的内容,在肯定的句子中接whether/if的从句较多,表示“认为(某事)未必可能”的意思。

19. C【句意】他的兄弟成为了老师——他所想成为的人。

【解析】which引导非限制性定语从句;that只能引导限制性定语从句,who引导先行词是人的定语从句,此题teacher指的是一种职业,不是具体的人;what引导定语从句时要求既做主句的宾语又同时引导定语从句,所以只有which符合题意。

20. D【句意】直到我来到中国,才知道她是一个什么样的国家。

【解析】Not until放在句首要求句子采用部分倒装。

Part II Reading prehension

21. A 【解析】第二段的主题句是第一句:童年是这样一段时光,不必担负什么责任,生活也不会很艰难。与它意思一致的选项为A“生活对孩子来说相对容易”。

22. D【解析】D选项全面概括了孩子长大后所应做的事情是照顾自己,而A、B、C选项只是各说明了某一具体方面。

23. A【解析】选项A认为人们对自己的生活经常感到满意,但文章第一段谈到“每个年龄段都有自己的快乐与痛苦,所以选项A的陈述与原文不一致。

24. D【解析】文章的主旨在第一段最后一句体现出来:每个年龄段都有自己的快乐与痛苦,最快乐的人就是在每个年龄段该做什么就去做什么的人,是那些不会把时光浪费在无用的悔恨中的人。

25. C【解析】文章的第一段点明主题:每个年龄段都有自己的快乐与痛苦,最快乐的人就是在每个年龄段该做什么就去做什么的人。第二、三段分别谈到了童年和青年时期的快乐与痛苦,按照年龄分段,接下来的段落中将会谈到老年阶段的快乐与痛苦。

26. D【解析】据第一段第一句“每个国家都趋于认定自己的生活方式是正常的,并且褒扬那些和它相似的,而批评与它不同的生活方式。”可知D选项的信息与之相一致。

27. C【解析】C选项全面概括了第二段的内容,符合题意。A选项不够准确,原文是用“…are really like…”,所给选项中缺少“really”使得意思与原文不符。B、D的信息较片面。28. D【解析】从第二段的第二、三句可知亲历国外的风土人情与纸上得来的终究是不一样的,所以D选项“不同于那些在旅游前获得的信息”符合题意。

29. D【解析】从第三段的第二、三句可知人们之间的差异由于旅游变得容易将会逐渐消失,所以D选项符合题意。

30. D【解析】根据上下文可得出此处的“however”意思为“无论这种情况会成什么样”,所以选择D “No matter what”。

31. C【解析】从第一段可知,基辛格最终要去往北京,而且这是一个非常机密的行动,他说胃痛是为了躲开媒体所找的借口,他之所以这么做是为了完成秘密使命,所以C正确。

32. A【解析】如上题所述,Kissinger并不是真的患胃病而是为了骗过媒体。

33. C【解析】从文中“code word—Eureka which he would use if his mission were successful”(如果任务成功完成,他就用暗语-Eureka。)及文章最后使用了这一暗语,可知Kissinger 的任务成功,所以选择C“事情进展很顺利”。

34. A【解析】从第三段第一句的主题句可知A选项“他的行程必须被保密”符合题意。

35. D【解析】“Eureka”表示的是“任务成功”,所以必定是会谈结束一切成功时发出这个暗语,所以选项D正确。

36. C【解析】从第一段第五句“However the Post and the Times …newspaper”。可知C选项“同英国、法国相对,美国几乎很少有国家的报纸”符合题意。

37. B【解析】从第二段最后一句可知毫无例外,美国的报纸除了提供信息,还要娱乐读者,

因为它不得不与电视竞争来争取更多的读者。所以B符合题意。

38. D【解析】从第三段最后一句可知D选项“发表代表不同政治观点的文章”与原文相符合。

39. D【解析】文章全篇讲的都是关于newspapers, 所以press指的就是报纸。

40. A【解析】A选项全面地概括了全文,而B、C、D都只是说明了美国报纸特点的某一具体方面,所以A符合题意。

Part III Cloze

41. A【解析】be based on基于,说明推论的根据;rely on依靠;agree on在……上达成一致;take on呈现;雇佣。

42. D【解析】maintain contact with…与……保持联系。其他三个介词均不对。

43. B【解析】该句的意思是“他们猜测这里牵涉到了有关人类进化的心理行为……”。demand 要求,请求;speculate猜测;deny否认,拒绝;require需要,命令。

44. B【解析】这个句子是说“妇女总是注意保护与儿女的关系,而男人却从未完全注意他们是孩子的亲生父亲”,表示两个意思的转折用连词whereas。

45. C【解析】be certain that…对…感到肯定。that引导从句。

46. D【解析】“做一项研究”英语用carry out a study。这里carried out by…是后置定语,修饰前面的the study。

47. C【解析】该句中的living within 30 km of their grandchildren是说祖父母住在离孙子辈30千米之内的地方。depart离开;exist存在;emerge显现。

48. A【解析】句中的have contact是说与某人有联系。contact合同,婚约。

49. D【解析】表示“相比之下”,英语用in contrast。

50. A【解析】unchanging一成不变的。

Part IV Translate from English to Chinese

51. 研究表明失业率每上升百分之一,死亡率就上升百分之二。

52. 那些喜欢他们的工作并取得很高成就的人觉得他们努力工作的时候是最幸福的时候。

53. 通过工作人们相互接触,通过集体活动,他们获得友谊和人们的温暖。

54. 此外,工作会给人满足感和成就感。工作会让人感到他在社会上的价值和地位。

55. 综上所述,我们可以得出这样一个结论,那就是:工作得越多,你就会越幸福,越健康。Part V Writing

Animals—Pets or Sources of Food and Clothing?

Nowadays, whether the animals are the pets or sources of food and clothing is be ing to pay more and more peopl e’s attentions. Different people have different ideas.

Some people hold that animals are our pets. They consider that animals are our friends. Firstly, they can help us in all kinds of situations. Take the examples of dogs: guide dogs can help the blinders find the right way to back home. Search and rescue dogs can help people to save their life. Besides, they can make our life colorful, many lovely animals can keep our good mood, such as cats, parrot and so on.

On the other hand, some people believe that animals are just sources of food and clothing. We can get the benefit from animals by their meat, leather, or some decorations. Food from animals is an important part in our daily life. Clothes of natural texture make people warmer and more beautiful. In my opinion, I prefer to animals are our best friends. We should take good care for them. Animals are the best friend to human in earth. We have no right to kill them and destroy the balance of nature. The best way to protect ourselves is to protect animals

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本以运动性疲劳相关症状明显的篮球运动员为对象,以谷丙转氨酶、谷表明,阿胶还用于治疗妊娠期胎动不安,先兆流产习惯性流产等。对于月经病步了解运动员服用阿胶以后,不但能够使男女运动员的谷草转氨酶含量水平、谷丙转参促进人体对糖原和三磷酸腺苷等能源物质的合理利用, 并使剧烈运动时产生的乳草经》将其列为上品。《本草纲目》载阿胶“疗吐血衄血血淋尿血, 肠风下痢, 女草转氨酶、谷酰转肽酶、总胆红素、白蛋白和白蛋白球蛋白含量水平为测定指标,产生运动。从中医学的观点来看,筋就是聚集在一起的肌肉束,膜是筋的延长和扩布;常所说的肌腱和韧带等器官,韧带和肌腱坚韧有力。通过韧带和肌腱伸缩牵拉骨骼肌充在筋”, 也就说明了筋的功能受到肝脏的调节, 所以, 医家大多从筋与肝相关的角除运动后的疲劳, 已经成为运动医学领域的热点而中医药在改善、消除运动性促进肌肉和肝脏有氧氧化能力的作用③。红景天圣露能促进机体运动后的恢复和消除促进血液凝固和抗贫血作用,有提高血红蛋白红细胞,白细胞和血小板的作用。到影响。的变化, 主要表现为部分肝细胞破裂, 内容物进入窦状隙, 未受损的肝细胞糖原明的核心问题之一也是运动训练学所要克服的核心问题之一, 疲劳是机体的一的滋补类药品;因始产于聊城东阿,故名阿胶,距今已有两千多年的生产历史;最早低分子肽含量分别是5%~45、10.97%~13.18% 。霍光华③采用标准水解法和氨基低运动后血清尿素氮含量;加速体内尿素氮及血乳酸的清除速率;提高小鼠的游泳点、“肝之合筋”的观点、“肝者其充在筋”的观点、“食气入胃散精于肝淫气于动领域的广泛应用。动性疲劳关系最为密切者当首推肝脏。动性疲劳后机体恢复作用和机制的十分活跃。动员和贮备,以及机体对运动刺激的适应和运动后的疲劳的恢复起到重要的促进作用度阐述肝与疲劳的关系, 其实肝尚可通过脏腑气血等多个途径影响疲劳感的产生和度的DS 标准液, 加适量天青Ⅰ试液, 36nm 处测定吸收值建立工作曲线回归方程。对于运动产生的机理, 中医学解释比较通俗易懂, 即:韧带和肌腱的伸缩牵拉骨对运动性疲劳的多集中于中枢疲劳与外周肌肉疲劳,而较少涉及肝脏实质器而略于补立法,以健脾保肝、补中益气组方的确是防治运动性疲劳的一条新思新。故发挥和延缓运动性疲劳的产生都能起积极而有效的作用。总之体力和脑力的产生均复的适应能力②。复方阿胶浆是由阿胶、红参、党参、熟地、山楂等药组成, 主入肝、脾两经。方肝,人动血运于经”的论述。明确指出运动能力与肝和血密切相关。这种“动则血肝脾同处于中心位置,共同掌管着气化的职责,所以运动性疲劳的气虚神乏大多是由肝损害可导致动物运动能力下降, 也有大量实验观察了急性力竭疲劳对动物肝脏的肝糖原、肌糖元含量下降, 其程度随着衰竭运动次数增加而增加。林华等②通过对衰肝有关,由此可以推测神经递质、激素的释放等生理活动均同肝脏有密切关系。再者肝与筋的关系非常密切,在许多著作中都阐述了这一观点。如“肝主筋”的观肝脏对内分泌具有促进作用。中医认为,胆汁的分泌、女子的排卵、男子的排精均主藏血、主筋,为“罴极之本”,有储藏营血与调节血量的作用是提供运动所肝主疏泄,调畅气机,对气血津液的生成、输布和代谢有着重要意义。就运动生高山红景天在疲劳情况下能提高机体持续工作的时间,维持血压、心率的正常水高小鼠肝糖原的储备量;降低运动后血清尿素氮含量;加速体内尿素氮及血乳酸的骼肌产生运动。《素问?六节藏象论》曰:“肝者罢极之本魂之居也, 其华在爪其个特别复杂的生理生化过程。总的说来,疲劳可分为生理疲劳和心理疲劳。 1982工作能力的作用①。强力宝能促进肌肉和肝脏有氧氧化能力的作用②。参宝片也能具有官的疲劳。肝脏作为人体重要的脏器,与运动性疲劳的关系极为密切。国际运动医学协会主席普罗科朴(Pol o1Capu r) 认为运动性疲劳问题是运动医学过度的训练、残酷的比赛引起的缺氧、强应激反应会导致机体的神经内分泌系统、心过去一段时间,抗运动性疲劳传统上单纯采用补的模式现在,中医药抗疲劳出还认为“食气入胃,全赖肝木之气以疏泄之,而水谷乃化,气血方得以运生”,说明和血虚者,如服用阿胶补益,也具有良好的效果。临床上充分发挥阿胶的养血、补血、恢复正常,促进酸碱平衡的恢复,减少碱性物质的消耗⑦。机体的血量增加以便增加通气血流比值。肝内所贮存的血液就会更多的向机体全身肌腱和韧带等器官的力量。筋和筋膜向内连着五脏六腑,肝将脾输送来的精微之气浸、涉水等劳动或运动都称为“劳”, 而竞技体育由于其具有大运动量、高强度的加⑧。剑, 便无踪无影。阿娇日日夜夜在狮耳山、狼溪河附近狩猎。最后, 用利剑杀死了一奖牌呢毫无疑问是靠长时间艰苦的训练,然而伴随现代竞技体育的强度越来越大,娇, 决心要找到救治此病的特效药物, 为民解忧。阿娇姑娘日以继夜地爬山涉水, 不竭性运动后小鼠肝脏超微结构的观察, 发现连续7 次的衰竭运动使肝细胞呈现明显筋”的观点、“肝主身之筋膜”的观点以及明?皇甫中《明医指掌》中的“劳伤乎肝筋和筋膜把相邻的关节连在一起,对运动起着重要的作用;并且,筋和筋膜向内连着进小白鼠耐力的提高。经论》有“肝藏血”的观点,另外,在《素问?五脏生成论》里,也有“人卧血归于景天圣露、补肾益元方、体复康、仙灵口服液及F3 口服液等。复方阿胶浆能显著提究[J].北京中医药大学学报,1997,20():37-40.具有多种代谢功能。血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶升高在一定程度上反映了肝细胞的亢不抑就会能协调精神、情趣和意志使情绪稳定思维敏捷对运动技术水平的充分抗运动性疲劳的单味药主要有鹿茸、高山红景天、人参、淫羊藿和花粉等。实验抗运动性疲劳的中药复方主要有复方阿胶浆、高效强力饮、强力宝、参宝片、红可用,是强身健体的滋补佳品。阿胶中富含蛋白质降解成分,通过补血起到滋润皮肤劳感。”运动性疲劳属中医“劳倦”范畴, 中医将劳力、劳役、强力举重、持重远行、劳模型组大鼠血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶在此期间出现明显升高(P<0.05 或理而言如果肝脏的疏泄功能正常就会使骨骼和肌肉强壮有力;如果气机调畅那么力劳动时的疲劳②, 并有效减少相同体力劳动下的出汗量等作用。两虚证, 通过补充和调节人体血液的贮备量而发挥抗疲劳的作用。药理实验亦证实人量方法表明, 阿胶水溶液(Mu rphy 法与其经Gor nall 双缩脲和Lowry酚试剂反量水平。从而证实阿胶能提高运动员的抗运动性疲劳的能力。二是通过对阿胶抗运动聊城大学硕士学位论文聊城大学硕士学位论文聊城大学硕士学位论文谋虑,此即“肝者将军之官,谋虑出焉”,也说是说肝和某些高级神经功能有关。()年的第届国际运动生物化学会议将疲劳定义为“机体生理过程不能持续其机能在疲劳方面的作用日益突出。近年来,在我国运动医学界,对中医药提高体能和促进运品将会更加得到世人的瞩目,其经济效益不可估量。平,红景天制剂适用于体育运动、航空航天、军事医学等各种特殊环境条件下从事特清除速率;提高小鼠的游泳时间。高效强力饮能提高心脏的搏出量从而具有提高心脏然而近年来中医肝和运动与疲劳的关系越来越受到关注, 目前很多实验已证明人们为了纪念阿娇姑娘恩德就将驴皮膏叫做“阿胶”。①人血痛经水不调, 子, 崩中带下, 胎前产后诸疾。”现代表明, 阿胶含明胶认识运动性疲劳对肝脏的影响及判定指标、肝脏与运动性疲劳消除等方面的关若过度疲劳损伤了肝脏那么肌腱和韧带必将非常疲乏而不能收持自如运动就会受赛场是证明运动健儿的运动能力及其为国争光的最好场所。运动员靠什么去夺取伤。升高骨髓造血细胞、白细胞、红细胞和血红蛋白,促进骨髓造血功能,迅速恢复失血时间。疏泄功能失常那么五脏气机也就紧接着发生紊乱因此有者认为五脏之中与疏于补。肝以其“主藏血”的生理功能对全身脏腑组织起营养调节作用提供运动所输送;当运动结束或安静休息时机体内剩余的血液就回输送回肝脏。所以,《素问?调鼠肝脏超微结构及肝糖原、肌糖元含量的影响发现力竭运动对肝脏超微结构有损伤素和生物酸等。阿胶中蛋白质的含量为60%~80%左右樊绘曾③等通过四种蛋白质定洗脱使游离生物酸吸附在活性炭上。酸高氯酸混酸消化中药阿胶, 采用火焰原子吸收法测定其中的铜。王朝晖④等用硝酸酸转化为丙酮酸进入三羧酸循环, 为机体提供更多的能量, 因而人参可起到减轻酸自动仪测定不同炮制方法所得四种阿胶炮制品中各种氨基酸的含量, 均含有随着的进行和成果的问世,阿胶将会得到国内外运动员的青睐。阿胶这种产损伤程度,表明慢性疲劳可引起肝细胞物质代谢功能持续紊乱, 最终导致肝功能损调节疲劳程度的轻重①。杨维益等②认为疲劳产生的根本在于肝脏,五脏之中与运调节血量的功能,即“人动则血运于诸经,人静则血归于肝”,所以人体在应激状态调益肝血可提高体能和耐疲劳能力②。廷并将其作为“圣药”专享。关于阿胶药名的由来, 还有一则动人的传说。据说很早吃饱喝足的小黑驴。她遵照老翁的嘱咐将驴皮熬成膏用膏治好了许多吐血病人。吐血、尿血、痔疮出血等,适当配伍温经散寒药物还可以治疗虚寒性胃溃疡出血。为“圣药”专享。动物实验结果显示复方阿胶浆能显著提高小鼠肝糖原的储备量;降文献综述五脏六腑,是关节运动的重要功能结构人的运动主要是来自筋的力量,也就是来自系,才能提供解决的办法。肝脏与运动性疲劳关系密切。在运动性疲劳发生时,肝脏下,肝脏对血液的调节可保证心脏、大脑及肾脏等重要脏器的血液的供应。()肝主显减少。聂晓莉等③通过慢性疲劳大鼠模型的建立发现,与正常对照组比较, 慢性疲显性激素样作用,因为鹿茸乙醇提取物不能使去势小鼠和大鼠的前列腺和精囊重量增现了一种新的模式,那就是以“理气扶正”、“理血扶正”为原则组方,以疏为补或寓谢,增强细胞能量代谢和提高体细胞免疫功能⑤。体复康对机体在运动过程中能量的锌、锰含量。樊绘曾⑤通过降解驴皮蛋白聚糖分离获得硫酸皮肤素(DS, 并用不同浓性疲劳能力的,更好的促进阿胶产品的开发和以及进一步促进阿胶产品在运性贫血的红细胞。须赖之于肝气的升发鼓舞,肝脏对气机的疏通调畅作用论据有三()肝藏血,具有需的能量来源。《内经》载:“肝者,罢极之本”,王冰注:“运作劳甚者谓之罢(音需能量物质的重要来源。能保证运动过程中血液的正常循环。当机体在运动时,运动血不滞不瘀有利于体内血液的循环和运动所需能源物质的补充;如果肝气升发而不血管系统等功能失调及免疫功能下降进而影响运动员比赛成绩的发挥。如何尽快消血脉和顺、经络通利可濡润肌腱和韧带,让关节润滑流利、屈伸有力自如,同时气训练身心接近极限的考验, 所以运动性疲劳可以看作一种对机体消耗更大的“劳”。严重制约着运动员运动水平的提高。阿胶的抗疲劳能力就具有举足轻重的意义。药三宝”之一。阿胶也称作驴皮胶、付致胶,具有明显的补血健身效果,自北魏或更要治好吐血之症, 非食狮耳山的草, 饮狼溪河水的黑驴皮膏不可。”说完赠她一把利一特定水平上和或不能维持预定的运动。”而心理疲劳是指: “运动员或体育锻炼以气血为物质基础,以经络为通道,通过五脏功能的协调而实现。反之如果肝脏的以前, 山东省东阿县一带流行一种吐血而死的不治之症。当地一位心地善良的姑娘阿益气的作用,可以用来调治多种老年性疾病;中医临床上常用阿胶配以其他药物治疗因此,用科学而有效的手段予以消除运动性疲劳显得十分紧迫和必要。淫濡润在肌腱和韧带上,让关节润滑流利、屈伸有力自如故有“肝主运动”的说法①。淫羊藿具有明显的促性机能作用。并明显促进辜丸组织增生及分泌⑩。花粉能促影响。史丽萍等①通过跑台运动建立小鼠急性力竭运动疲劳模型, 观察力竭运动对小应后的吸收光谱特征皆与参比明胶相同此外, 李丽④等采用二硫酸钾碱性氧化- 紫应于筋极”的观点。这些观点说明了肝和筋的关系非常密切。其实,筋也就是我们平泳和跑动时间。用于抗运动性疲劳的中药大多为复方,也有单味药和提取成分。有耐缺血、耐寒、抗疲劳和抗辐射的能力。于“无邪病在元气之虚。”以“精气夺则虚”为基本病理。于肝脾的缘故,对于运动性疲劳所出现的神经内分泌功能的异常,治疗总则应从调原、骨胶原, 蛋白质及钙、钾、钠、硫等17 种元素所含蛋白质水解后能产生多种原子吸收火焰分光光度法测定阿胶炮制品中钙、铁、锰、铜、锌含量。董顺玲③以硝越来越多的人用阿胶强身健体,美容养颜。运动性疲劳,从而具有提高运动能的作用④。补肾益元方具有改善骨骼肌自由基代运动性疲劳关系较密切者应当首先是肝脏疲劳产生的根本在肝①。运动性疲劳作为一种亚健康状态或疾病状态以中医脏腑气血病的机制来阐释属运动员在大运动量训练后出现的各种疲劳征象,严重制约着运动员运动水平的提高。运用实验法来阿胶对篮球运动员抗运动性疲劳能力的影响。运于经静则血归于肝”的调节能力从一个方面反映了运动员对运动训练和疲劳后恢载于《神农本草经》。阿胶是我国的一种名贵中药,有补血“圣药”之称,也是“中早即成为朝廷的珍贵贡品。阿胶的药用已有两千多年的悠久历史, 历代宫廷并将其作者长期集中于重复性的单调且大强度训练和比赛情况下所造成的一种心理不安和疲证明鹿茸具有抗运动性疲劳、耐高温和低温等不良应激的能力。有报道显示鹿茸无明知疲劳地寻找。一日他在山涧歇息时偶遇一位银须白发的老翁。老翁告诉她“若志,198,():211.质、氨基酸、钙等,能改善血钙平衡,促进红细胞的生成。阿胶直接作用于造血链,中医临床上主要用阿胶治疗因血虚引起的病症。随着人们生活质量的提高,民间中医学认为,阿胶性味甘、平,有滋阴补血的功效。据,阿胶含有多种蛋白中主药红参大补元气, 益血生津;阿胶、熟地补血滋阴;山楂性偏温, 能行气血, 与种工作的人员的健康保持⑨。人参在一定程度上能增强机体耐受力,能延长小鼠的游朱新生⑥等以阿胶为原料, 分别在pH=4、pH=2 的条件下将游离氨基酸和微量元组织细胞结构和功能会发生改变。不同强度的运动对肝脏的影响是不同的。

(完整版)成人学士学位英语单词(史上最全)

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成人本科学士学位英语统一考试题及答案 2011.11.05 PartⅠReading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: The reflective towers of New York City, which is on the Atlantic migrating(迁徙的)route , can be deadly for birds. “We live in an age of glass,”said https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c39340245.html,urel, an architect.(76)“It can be a perfect mirror in certain lights, and the larger the glass, the more dangerous it is.” About 90,000 birds are killed by flying into building in the city each year. Often, they strike the lower levels of glass towers after searching for food in nearby parks. Such crashes are the second-leading cause of death for migrating birds, after habitat(栖息地)loss, with an estimated number of death ranging up to a billion a year. (77)As glass office and apartment towers have increased in the last decade, so, too, have calls to make them less deadly to birds. San Francisco adopted bird-safety standard for new building in July. The United States Green Building Council, a nonprofit industry group that encourages the creation of environmentally conscious buildings, will introduce a bird-safety credit this as part of its environmental certification process. There are no easy fixes, however. A few researchers are exploring glass designs that use ultraviolet(紫外线的)signals, but they are still in their infancy. Covers, dot patterns, shades and net are the main options available. Often, only one section of a building needs to be changed. “You don't necessarily have to treat every window,”https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c39340245.html,urel said. “It would be too expensive to do the whole building.”The Jacob Convention Center, which has been undergoing alterations, is the most recent building to voluntarily correct the problem of bird crashes. The architects used less reflective glass and dot patterns. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. New York is a city of glass towers. B. Glass tower are dangerous for migrating birds. C. New York adopted new safety standards for buildings. D. Glass towers are a new trend in the United States. 2. What is the number one cause of death for migrating birds? A. Climate change B. Habitat loss C. Lack of food D. Crashing into buildings. 3. What does the word “fixes”in the third paragraph probably mean? A. Choices B. Explanations C. Solutions D. Developments 4. _____are used in the alteration of the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center. A. Dot patterns B. Shades C. Nets D. Covers 5. Which of the fowling statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. In many cases, the whole building needs to be altered to prevent bird crashes. B. The Jacob K.Javits Convention Center is the first building to deal with the problem of bird crashes. C. About 90,000 birds are killed due to habitat loss in New York City each year. D. Unfortunately, glass designs that use ultraviolet signals are still in their early stages. Passage 2 Question 6 to 10 are based on the fowling passage: Today's students have grown up hearing more about Bill Gates than F.D.R., and they live in a world where amazing innovations(革新)are common. The current 18-year-olds, after all, were 8 when Google was founded by two students at Stanford; Mark Zuckerberg founded Facebook in 2004 while he was Harvard and they were entering high school. Having grown up digital(数字的),they are impatient to get on with life. The easiest way to find kids like these is to check in on entrepreneurship(企业家才能)education, in which colleges and universities try to prepare their students to recognize opportunities and seize them.

成人本科学士学位英语考试_附答案

成人本科学士学位英语考试_附答案 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Is that 6 a.m. workout getting in the way of good sleep? Don ' t think your fat cells won't notice. A new study published in The Annals of Internal Medicine (a medical journal) finds that inadequate shut-eye has a harmful effect on fat calls, reducing their ability to respond to insulin ( 胰岛素) by about 30 percent. Over the long-term ,this decreased response could set-the stage for type-2 diabetes (a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in his or her blood), f atty liver disease and weight gain . The study adds to a growing body of evidence that there 's“ an intimate relationship between the amount of sleep we get and our ability to maintain a good ,healthy body weight ” says sleep expert Helene Emsellem ,director of the Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders in Chevy Chase ,Maryland. (76) But Americans don ' t seem to be getting the message that we need seven to nine hours per night. More than 1 in 5 of us ,according to a report form the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ,is getting six or fewer hours of sleep per night ,on average. So how did researchers study fat cells in the Annals paper? Matthew Brady of the University of Chicago and a group of colleagues selected and persuaded seven volunteers to take part in the research project. They were all young ,thin and healthy and agreed to sleep for eight nights in a sleep lab. “ For four nights they were allowed to stay in bed for 8.5 hours a night ,” says Brady. Then ,a month later ,they came back for four additional nights —but this time they were allowed just 4.5 hours of sleep per night. And after each visit ,researchers got a sample of their fat.(77) Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep. “ I was very surprised to be honest ,” he says. Bad things can happen when fat cells become less responsive to insulin. “ Fat cells are actually your friend ,”he says. “They 're there to store lipids( 血脂).” When lipids stay inside the cells ,your body can utilize the fat when you ' re exercising or sleeping or going about your day. “ However ,when fat cells start to become insulin resistant ,the lipids start to leach out of the fat cells and rise in the bloodstream ,” Brady says. 1.According to the passage ,lack of the sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of the following EXCEPT ______ . 第一段最后一句 A.heart disease B. weight gain C. diabetes D. liver disease 2.The main idea of the third paragraph is . 第一句 A.how to write a medical research paper B. how to avoid sleep loss C. how the research was conducted D. how to conduct a medical experiment 3.What does the word “ leach ” in the last paragraph probably mean? A.Leap B. Lead. C. Lead. D. Leak . 泄露

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