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科技英语翻译专题知识点汇总

科技英语翻译专题知识点汇总
科技英语翻译专题知识点汇总

计算机冀导那一部分

词汇

pig 金属锭块

dog挡块,止动爪

cat吊锚,履带拖拉机

cock旋塞,吊车

horse支架,铁杆

fish 接合板,夹板

monkey 打桩锤;煤矿通风巷道

fox绳索

belly 炉腰

mild steel structure 低碳钢结构

Bendable switches consist of a continuous 无缝的steel beam.

?可弯曲的开关由连续钢条组成。

曲性道岔由无缝钢条组成。

Bricks are also produced in many different colors and with various finishes, particularly those used for decorative purpose.

砖也可以烧制成许多不同的颜色,具有不同的光洁度,尤其是那些用于装饰的砖。

catalyst 催化剂

Resolving power 分辨率

Combining power 化合价

Base 碱

Base metals 非贵金属

Brass 黄铜

Difficult labor 难产

Foreign Material 杂质

Cast iron 铸铁

In general, the design procedure is not straightforward and will require trial and error.

一般说来,设计过程不是一帆风顺的,而需要反复试验。(简单的)

Furnace 炉子

(1)Rubber is not hard, it gives way to pressure.

橡胶性软,受压变形。

(2)Porcelain is commonly used to resist electric current.

陶瓷常用来隔绝电流。

(3)When we speak, sound waves begin to travel and go in all directions.

我们说话时,声波就开始向四面八方传播。

(4)Zinc is easy to obtain from its ore.

锌容易从锌矿中提炼。

Ore 矿

电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。

改译:Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.

Uranium 铀

Kinetic energy 动能

thermal power plant 火力发电厂

No less than 25 percent of the crops are polluted.

受污染的庄稼竟高达25%。

The importance of proper lubrication cannot be overemphasized.

应特别强调适当进行润滑的重要性。

材料:

Atomic bomb 原子弹

Discrete particle 离散颗粒

metals

inorganic nonmetallic materials

(无机非金属材料)

polymers (高分子材料)

composites (复合材料)

semiconductors (半导体材料)

biomaterials (生物材料)

Subatomic 亚原子

Chemical bond化学键

Property 性能

Performance 使用性能

Processing 工艺

elastic modulus (弹性模量)

yield strength (屈服强度)

Thermal properties (热性能)

heat capacity (热容量) and thermal conductivity (导热性)

Chemical properties (化学性能)

anti-oxidation(防氧化)

Casting (铸造)

welding (焊接)

forging (锻造)

Limestone 石灰石

Silicon 硅

Aluminum 铝

Alloy 合金

Sintering 烧结

plastic deformation 塑性变形

Elements should be considered for material and process selection are the product’s quality

specifications, the projected cost level and the part’s complexity and function.

选择材料和工艺的考虑因素应包括:产品的质量规范、成本预算以及零件的复杂性和功能。Alloys, known as a half-way house between mixtures and compounds, contain more than one metallic element.

合金包含不止一种金属元素,也是一种介于混合物和化合物之间的中间结构”

The actual separation of the metal starts as a yielding or fracture, depending upon the cutting conditions, starting from the cutting tool tip.

金属的实际分离始于屈服或断裂(视切削条件而定),从切削刀尖开始”。

Machinable 可机加工的

thermally insulating隔热

airtight film密封性的薄膜

polyethylene['pɑl?'eθ?l??n /'p?l-]

n.聚乙烯

Grade 钢种

Polymerization 聚合

Crystalline 晶体材料

Grain 晶粒

Corrosion resistance 抗腐蚀

Polycrystalline 多晶体材料

Grain boundaries 晶粒间界

1) Stainless steels are ‘stainless’because their chromium content gives them remarkable resistance to corrosion. Ferritic grades, containing only chromium and possibly other elements (Mo, Ti, Nb, etc.), are no exception.

不锈钢的“不锈”,是由于所含的铬使其具有了显著的耐蚀性。铁素体不锈钢也不例外,有的钢种仅含铬,有的钢种还含有其他元素(如Mo、Ti、Nb 等)。

2)Well-known standard ferritic grades 409, 410 and 430 are readily available all over the world. Very successfully used in important applications, such as washing-machine drums and exhaust systems, they actually have much broader application potential, in numerous fields.

大家熟知的标准铁素体不锈钢409、410 和430 在全世界都可买到。它们在洗衣机滚桶、排汽系统等许多重要应用领域中的使用都非常成功。实际上,铁素体不锈钢在无数领域中都有更加广泛的应用潜力。

3) We accordingly design our products with the necessary manufacturing considerations in mind and occasionally select a coated grade and even a fingerprint-protected coated grade, if need be, to ensure long service life. We may, on occasion, use a higher-alloyed ferritic grade. The important thing is to benefit from the economic advantages of using ferritics.

我们按照必须的制造要求来设计我们的产品,有时会选择有涂层的铁素体不锈钢,甚至在需要时选择有防指纹涂层的不锈钢,以确保较长的使用寿命。我们有时也会采用高合金的铁素体不锈钢。重要的是,能够从铁素体不锈钢的使用中获得经济效益。

4) In factories where 304 is predominantly used, changing to ferritic grades means adjusting the manufacturing process and dies. This is costly. Our experience, however, shows that total production costs can be lowered with ferritics.

对那些主要采用304 的厂家来说,转而采用铁素体不锈钢意味着必须对制造工艺和冲模进行调整。这需要一定投资。但从我们的经验来看,采用铁素体不锈钢能够降低整个生产成本。

5) Exhaust systems are exposed to high temperatures and corrosive environmental conditions. The use of ferritic stainless steel makes it possible to extend the warranty period of these parts. 汽车排气系统长期在高温和腐蚀环境下使用,选用铁素体不锈钢可大幅度延长汽车排气系统部件的寿命周期。

6) Washing-machine drums have to withstand detergents and a virtually constantly humid environment. In this context, however, localized corrosion would be utterly inadmissible.

洗衣机滚筒在有洗洁剂和长期潮湿的环境下使用。在这种环境下,绝对不允许局部腐蚀现象存在。

detergent[de·ter·gent || d?'t??d??nt]

n.清洁剂

机械:

Smart home 智能家居

Mechanics 力学

Kinematics 运动学

Mechatronics 机电一体化

Nanotechnology 纳米技术

aerospace engineering 航空航天工程

biomedical engineering生物医学工程

biomechanics生物力学

transport phenomena 传递现象

bionanotechnology生物纳米技术

modeling of biological systems生物系统建模

Steam locomotive 蒸汽机车

Piston 活塞

Drive shaft 传动轴

seismometer [seis·mom·e·ter || sa?z'mɑm?t?(r) /-'m?m-] n. 地震仪

凸轮轴camshaft

曲轴crankshaft

Calculus 微积分

Newton's Laws of Motion 牛顿运动法

Grinding machine 磨床

Statics 静力学

Dynamics 动力学

Robotics 机器人技术

Section lining衬砌断面

assembly / 集会,集合/ 组装,装配

center / 中心/ 顶尖

finish / 结束/ 修整,精加工

直接结合合成词有: break + down - breakdown ( 断裂) oil + proof –oilproof (耐油的)

连符结合的有:all-in-service (维修) precision-machined (精密加工的)

如:Computer language (计算机语言)

Grinding wheel (砂轮)

Machine tool (机床)

numerical control (数字控制)

Aluminium alloy铝合金

Titanium alloy钛合金

耐腐蚀Anti-corrosion

耐高温High Temperature Resistance

高强度High strength

高韧性High toughness

-bility ……性castability可铸性

-able 可……的soluable可溶的

常用金属元素的名称

Aluminum(铝) /?‘lju?m?n?m/

copper(铜)

chromium(铬) / ?kr?um??m/

magnesium(镁) / m?g?ni?z??m/

manganese(锰) /?m??g?ni?z/

molybdenum(钼) /m?’l?bd?n?m/

nickel(镍) /‘n?k(?)l/

tungsten(钨) /’t??st(?)n/

vanadium(钒) /v?‘ne?d??m/

金属元素和steel也可组成下列词汇:nickel steel(镍钢) nickel-chromium steel(镍铬钢) vanadium steel(钒钢)

金属材料中钢分多种,只要掌握中心词steel,就可扩展记忆住这一类的专业词汇。如:angle steel(角钢) cast steel(铸钢) stainless steel(不锈钢) tool steel(工具钢) alloy steel(合金钢) carbon steel(碳钢)

hardening(硬化、淬火) tempering (回火) annealing (退火) normalizing (正火) spheroidizing (球化处理)

常用的机械加工设备有lathe(车床)drilling machine(钻床)grinding machine(磨床)punching machine(冲床)

机械加工的主要方法有turning(车削)grinding(磨削)casting(铸造)forging(锻造)welding(焊接)……

It (cyber space) includes the rapidly expanding wireless services; microwave towers that carry great quantities of cellular phone and data traffic; communications satellites strung like beads in geosynchronous orbit; low-flying satellites that will soon crisscross the globe like busy bees, connecting folks too far-flung or too much on the go to be tethered by wires.

电脑空间包括飞速发展的无线通讯系统:微波发射塔、通讯卫星和低飞的卫星。其中,微波发射塔传送着大量的蜂窝电话信号和数据,通讯卫星像串珠一样与地球在同步轨道上运行,而低飞的卫星就像忙碌的蜜蜂往返穿梭于全球,使得因相距遥远或行踪不定而无法使用有线通讯器材的人们取得联系。·

中央处理器CPU=central processing unit

存储器memory

Input device 输入设备

操作系统Operating system

Application software 应用软件

Database system 数据库系统

parallel computation并行计算

computer-human interaction人机交互

computer graphics, 计算机图形学

numerical and symbolic computation 数值与符号计算Virtual Reality-虚拟现实

Cloud Computing-云计算

Silicon[?s?l?k?n, -?kɑn] Valley(硅谷)

Search engine 搜索引擎

basic programmer 基础程序员

the Internet of Things

物联网

wired and wireless networks 有线/无线网络

数量(volume)、速度(velocity)、多样性(variety)。Stock values 股票市值

DT(Data Technology)-数据处理技术

Retrieve 检索

Offline computing-离线计算

Memory computing-内存计算(秒级):

Stream/Real-time computing流式/实时计算(毫秒)collaborative filtering 协同过滤

Smart city 智慧城市

barometric[?b?r?'metr?k] sensors 气压传感器customer retention 客户挽留

coupled models 耦合模型

冶金

Aerosiderite 陨铁

Coke 焦炭

BF=blast furnaces 高炉

basic oxygen furnace氧气顶吹转炉;

Converter 转化炉

Reduce 还原

Bosh 炉腹

Belly 炉腰

Hearth 炉膛

Raceway燃烧空窝

Decarburize 脱碳

Ladle 钢包

Recrystallization 再结晶

tundish[ˋt?nd??]

中间包; 中间罐; 中间流槽; 浇口盘

Two-strand 二流

Rolling 轧制

tightly adherent oxide layers(致密氧化层)

Excellent formability 可塑性

creep at elevated temperatures高温蠕变性

Good hardenability 淬透性

Toughness 韧性

Inclusion 夹杂物

Matrix 基质(矩阵)

Plate 电镀

Breakout 漏钢

Crude iron metal is produced in blast furnaces where ore is reduced by coke to pig iron.

生铁是在高炉内通过焦炭还原原料而得到的。

In recent years, more exact control has been required on the composition and morphology of inclusions in molten steel. 近年来,对钢中夹杂物成分和形貌的控制有了更精确的要求。

Oxide inclusions with irregular and clustered(团聚)

The types of continuous casters include the vertical type and the horizontal type.

连铸机的种类有立式连铸机和水平连铸机两类。

ferrous metallurgy 钢铁冶金

non-ferrous metallurgy 非铁金属冶金

Smelting 熔炼

Mineral Processing选矿

Pyrometallurgy火法冶金

Hydrometallurgy湿法冶金

Electrometallurgy电冶金

Precipitation 沉淀

cementation(粘结)

purification and concentration 净化和浓缩

Electrowinning 电热冶金

Electro-refining 电化冶金

Thermal spraying热力喷雾

Plating 电镀

Amalgam 汞合金,汞齐

Thermocouple 热电偶

plate在普通英语中:“盘子”

在冶金英语中:“电镀”

breakout在普通英语中:“打破”

在冶金英语中:“漏钢”

BF= blast furnace 高炉

DRI = directly reduced iron 直接还原铁

ESR = electroslag remelting 电渣重熔

VOD = vacuum oxygen decarburization process 真空吹氧脱碳法

名词+名词carbon steel 碳钢

furnace roof 炉顶

equilibrium constant 平衡常数

pig iron 生铁

名词+动词air blow 吹气

副词+动词over blow 过吹

副词+过去分词magnetically separated 磁性分离

形容词+名词predominance area 优势区

exothermic reaction 放热反应

long nozzle 长水口

interfacial energy 界面自由能

fine powder 细粉

借词+名词by-product 副产品

动词+副词break out 拉漏

anti-反对、防止:antibody抗体antioxidants抗氧化剂

auto-自己的、独立的:autobiographic 自传体的

automate 自动操作

iso-相同、相等:isobar 等压线isotherm 等温线

thermo- 热的:thermocouple 热电偶

thermometer温度计

hydro-水的、液体的:hydrometallurgy 湿法冶金

When the voltage is stepped-up by 10 times, the strength of the current is stepped-down by 10 times, so that the power remains the same.

当电压升高10 倍时,电流强度则降低到1/10,因此功率保持不变。

DRI derived from virgin iron ore units is a relatively pure material which dilutes contaminants in the scrap and improves the steel quality.

译文:由天然铁矿石冶炼而成的直接还原铁是一种相对纯净的产品,它的杂质比废钢中的少,从而提高了钢的质量。eg:Concrete is made of cement, sand, stones and water.

译文:混凝土是用水泥、沙子、石子和水制成的。

eg:Solvents are used to treat ores and concentrates.

译文:采用溶剂来处理矿石或精矿。

Liquid metal is cast into metal ingots or directly into finished metal objects.

译文:把液态金属铸成金属锭,也可以直接铸造成成品金属件。

With the more complex shapes and when less ductile and malleable materials are used, it is necessary to go through a series of stages before the final shape can be produced from the raw material.

译文:如果形状比较复杂,而所用材料的可延性和可锻性较差,就需经过一系列过程,才能使原材料成形。

The rusting of iron is only one example of corrosion, which may be described as the destructive chemical attack of a metal by media with which it comes in contact, such as moisture, air and water.

译文:可以认为,腐蚀是金属在接触湿气、空气和水等介质时所受到的破坏性化学侵蚀,铁生锈只是其中一个例子。An acid is a compound whose solutions can produce hydrogenions.

译文:酸是一种化合物,其溶液能产生氢离子。(分译定语从句)

钢水liquid steel, molten steel

沸腾钢rimming steel, rimmed steel

镇静钢killed steel

电炉炼钢electric steelmaking

铁水预处理hot metal pretreatment

钢包精炼ladle refining

科学技术史History of Science and Technology

文化遗产保护 Cultural Heritage Conservation

科学技术与社会 Science and Technology and Society

近现代技术史与工业遗产

Modern and Contemporary History of Technology and Industrial Heritage

The Jesuits and their collaborators also translated many works of Aristotelian natural philosophy into classical Chinese. These translations presented the system of schools, curricula, examinations, and degrees in a Thomistic manner and were based on both Jesuit pedagogy at the Roman College and Portuguese texts, which represented a new synthesis of the works of Aristotle and the interpretations of Thomas Aquinas.

耶稣会士及其合作者也把亚里士多德的诸多自然哲学著述译成文言文。这些译注以托马斯主义的方式介绍了学校、课程、考试、学位等制度,它们以罗马学院耶稣会士教学法和葡萄牙语的课本为基础,这些都象征着亚里士多德著述和托马斯·阿奎那论说的一种新结合。

In 1629, Xu Guangqi(HsüKuangch'i), Li Zhizao, and their coterie of Jesuit translators produced an essential series of translations on astronomical refor from the latest European works. They entitled it the Mathematical Astronomy of the Chongzhen Reign (1635), and although it was never published as a complete collection, many of its included works were published.

1629年,徐光启、李之藻及其耶稣会士翻译家同行们,根据最新的欧洲著述选编了一套关于天文学改革的基本译著丛书,他们将之定名为《崇祯历书》,虽然它从未完整地出版过,但其中许多著述还是得以刊印发行。

To avoid the appearance that European learning took precedence over Chinese learning, Xu Guangqi stressed to the emperor that Western methods would yield a comprehensive system that would harmonize European and Chinese measurements: “Melting the material and substance of Western knowledge, we will cast them into the mold of the Grand Concordance system.”Such accommodative language diverted attention from what the translations actually signified, that is, a new cosmological system.

为了避免出现欧洲学问比中国学问优先的情况,徐光启向皇帝强调,西方的方法将会产生一个协调欧洲和中国测量法的全面体系:“熔化西学知识的材料和本质,铸入大统历体系的模子。”如此调和的语言,转移了人们对译著实际表达的意义,即一种新的宇宙学体系的关注。

Wylie failed to clarify the historical context behind the historic translation, however. Cambridge reformers in the 1820s had contended that because they used Newtonian fluxions, which obscure the coherence of the calculus, the British had been losing

ground in mathematics since the 1740s. Indeed, it took another century for them to catch up to the French, who, using Leibniz’s notational forms, had successfully developed a series of rule-like differential and integral equations that engineers did not need to reconceptualize each time.

然而,伟烈亚力并没有把隐藏在这一具有历史意义的翻译之后的历史背景交代清楚。剑桥的改革者们在19世纪20年代称,由于采用的牛顿流数法隐匿了微分和积分的一致性,英国数学家自18世纪40年代以来在数学领域不断败退,以致他们用了近一个世纪的时间才赶上法国数学家——法国人运用莱布尼茨创立的符号形式,成功地发展出一套关于微积分方程的准法则,大大方便了工程师们应用。

Zhong Tianwei tied his account of species variation to the “natural principle of the heavenly way,”which contrasted with the more classically domesticated notion of “heavenly selection”that Yan Fu

presented a decade later in his translation.

钟天纬将他关于物种变化的解释同“天道自然之理”联系在了一起,这与严复在十年之后的翻译更加拟古地移用了”天择“的概念这一做法形成了强烈的对比。

Just as the Chinese eventually learned about Copernicus despite the Jesuits’efforts to conceal his theory of a sun-centered cosmos, so too they learned about Darwin in spite of missionary attempts to replace the theory of natural selection with a Christian natural theology. The Chinese Prize Essay Contest reveals that the Protestant enterprise, once its religious agenda was exposed, was no more convincing to many Chinese in the late nineteenth century than the Jesuit translation agenda had been in the seventeenth and eighteenth. Hence, after the Sino-Japanese War, Chinese literati quickly turned to Meiji Japan for the latest currents in modern science.

正如尽管耶稣会士极力隐瞒哥白尼的日心说,但中国人最终还是知道了这种宇宙观一样,虽然传教士试图用基督教的自然神学取代自然选择的理论,但中国人也还是了解到了达尔文的学说。格致课艺显示出,新教事业的宗教目的一旦暴露,他对9世纪的很多中国人来说就不再是令人信服的了,这就像17-18世纪的耶稣会士翻译一样。因此,中日甲午战争之后,中国文人迅速转向明治日本学习最先进的现代科学知识。

Moreover, Fryer discarded the notion that English would become a universal language or that China would ever be ruled by foreign powers. He then described the method of translating that he and his coworkers employed and noted the translators’efforts to establish a systematic

nomenclature based on three linguistic choices: (1) using existing nomenclature from native works on the arts and sciences, (2) coining new terms by creating a new character, inventing a descriptive term, or phoneticizing a Western term according to the Mandarin dialect, or (3) constructing a general vocabulary list of terms and proper names.

此外,傅兰雅还摒弃了英语将成为世界通用语言或中国将被外国列强统治的看法。他接着描述了他和他的合作者采用的翻译方法,指出了翻译者努力建立一套基于三种语言学情形的术语系统:(1)使用本国艺术和科学著作中已有的名称,(2)通过造新字、发明描述性术语或根据官话音译西方术语来创造新词,(3)建立一份术语和专有名称的词汇总表。Chinese presses also published translations of Japanese texts in greater numbers, and they were easier to read because only Chinese compiled them. Moreover, the quality of translations from works by Japanese scientists was better than those of the earlier science primers, because Chinese translators themselves could understand the Japanese originals.

中国的出版机构也大量出版翻译成中文的日本课本,由于全部是由中国人编译的,这些译著比先前那些由西人和中国人合作翻译的书籍更容易阅读和理解。更为重要的是,这些根据日本科学家的著述翻译的译本的质量,要比先前那些初级科学读物的译本好得多,因为中国翻译者自己就能理解日文原著。

环境与科学工程

alternative energy 替代能源

pollution control and mitigation 环境控制和缓解

the atmosphere(大气圈), the hydrosphere(水圈), the geosphere(岩石圈) and the biosphere(生物圈)

Dust pollution 粉尘污染

Ozone depletion 臭氧层损耗

Eutrophication and algae bloom富营养化及藻华

Heavy metals pollution重金属污染

Soil erosion 土壤侵蚀

Municipal solid waste 城市固体垃圾

Land desertification土地沙漠化

Biomass energy 生物质能

Solar cells 太阳能电池

Organic foods有机食品

power:

(数学)幂或者乘方

Xn:X to the power nth

the nth power of X;

(物理)功率

horsepower 马力

COD——Chemical Oxygen Demand 化学需氧量

BOD——Biochemical Oxygen Demand 生化需氧量

DO——Dissolved Oxygen 溶解氧

TOC——Total Organic Carbon 总有机碳

TOD——Total Oxygen Demand 总需氧量

TSP——Total Suspended Particulate总悬浮微粒,又称总悬浮颗粒物

TP——Total Phosphorus总磷,即含磷的无机物,有机物的总的含磷浓度

PM10——Particulate matter with particle size below 10 microns(空气动力学直径小于或等于10微米的颗粒物,也称可吸入颗粒物或飘尘)

POPs——Persistent Organic Pollutants 持久性有机污染物

屠宰废水:slaughtering waste water

有机质:organic matters

可生化性:biodegradability

水解酸化:hydrolysis acidification

厌氧生物:anaerobic organism

氧化工艺:oxidation technology

Eg. LRCs have a lower sulphur content. 低阶煤的硫含量较低。

Steam turbines provide a relatively small loss of energy. 汽轮机的能量损耗较小。

Hot-set system produces higher strength than cold set-system. 热固系统比冷固系统的强度高。

Eg. There are many new technologies and devices which are used to remove the nitrogen and phosphorous in wastewater. 很多新技术和新设备被用于去除废水中的氮和磷。

其他定从

Eg. The chemical properties of a certain element which depend on the arrangement of these electrons, particular the outer, or valence electrons, are the same.

分译:各元素的化学性质是一样的,这一性质取决于电子(尤其是外层电子)的排列方式。

合译:元素的化学性质取决于电子(尤其是外层电子)的排列方式,在这一点上各元素是一样的。

译成表示原因的分句

This green house effect is due primarily to water vapor and carbon dioxide, which have strong infrared absorption bands. 这种温室效应主要由于水蒸气和二氧化碳的作用,因为它们有较强的红外吸收键。

译成表示结果的分句

Global warming may result in increased cloudiness, which would reduce incoming radiation and counteract warming. 全球变暖会导致云量增多,从而减少入射辐射,阻碍变暖。

译成表示让步的分句

He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for. 尽管并不需要,他还是坚持要建另一座房子。参考笔记本

Erlenmeyer flask 锥形瓶

Lithosphere 岩石圈

Element: 指元素周期表中的元素

Gasify: 气化

Metamorphosis: 变形

The atmosphere, a mixture of gases extending outward from the surface of the earth, evolved from elements of the earth that were gasified during its formation and metamorphosis.

地球早期形成和变形时期以气体形式存在的元素,经过一系列演变,成为了现在包裹在地球表面的气体混合物,也就是大气圈。

A waste water train can consist of primary clarifier system to remove solid and floating materials, a secondary treatment system consisting of an active sludge system and a secondary clarifier, and a final disinfection process. 一条水处理链包括去除固体及漂浮物的初级净化系统、二级活性污泥处理系统和最终的消毒处理系统。

鉴于环境科学对理解人类对自然环境影响的重要性,社会通常依靠环境政策、环境教育以及环境技术来解决环境问题。

Given that environmental science is critical to understanding the impact of human activities on the natural environment, societies often turn to environmental policy, environmental education, and environmental technology for implementing solutions.

通信

科技英语翻译考试题目

Part I: Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English. (15%) 1. ____________________(爱因斯坦相对论)is the only one which can explain such phenomena. 2. Rate of penetration was found to ____________________ (与……成正比) the net pressure applied by the tool. 3. Being a ______________(非良导体/绝缘体), rubber is often used in cables. 4. Properly speaking, ___________(并非所有的物质) exist in three states. 5. An electric current produces ______________(磁场) around it. 6. With the result of automation, productivity has ___ ___________ (增加了5倍) in that factory. 7. Copper and aluminum are the best conductors of electric current ______________(仅次于银). 8. The neutron has __________________(既不带正电荷,也不带负电荷). 9. When the water temperature is increased, it vaporized more quickly until it reaches ________(沸点). 10. A __________(变压器) is a very useful device, even though it can be sued only with alternating current. Part Ⅱ: Choose the better rendition for each of the following sentences.(20%) 1.由于我在会上发表论文,如蒙介绍有关会议的详细情况,不胜感激。 A) Because I will deliver a thesis at the conference, I shall appreciate it very much if you could introduce to me the detailed condition of the meeting. B) As I will present a paper at the conference, I will be grateful if you could supply me with detailed information about the meeting. 2. 西安附上我提供会议的论文,题目是“动物克隆在中国”,一式三份,如果要发电子邮件以转录软盘,我可以立即发出。 A) I am enclosing herewith my paper of the topic of “Animal Cloning in China” one form in three B) I am enclosing, in three copies, my paper entitled “Animal Closing in China” for the conference. If req uired, I can send an e-mail for the disk right away. 3.核能发电,是在20世纪才发展起来的新事物。不幸的是,建立和维持核发电厂的成本很高,使得建设速度要比原先预料的慢许多。---中国的第一座核发电厂,是于20世纪后期建立在深圳,靠近香港。 A) Using nuclear energy to generate electricity is a new thing developed in the 20th century. What is unfortunate is that the costs of building and maintaining a nuclear power plant are very high, making the speed of construction much slower than previously predicted. ----China’s first nuclear power plant was built in the late 20th century at Shenzhen near Hongkong. B) The production of nuclear power is a new development of the 20th century. Unfortunately, the high costs of building and maintaining a nuclear power plant have led to a much slower rate of growth than was predicted. -----China’s first nuclear power plant was built in the late 20th century at Shenzhen near Hongkong. 4. 不少科学家论证说,三国演义里所说的“木牛流马”,可能是一些有相当复杂性的机器,其工作原理可说类似于今天的某些器械装置。 A) Quite a few scientists say by reasoning that the “wooden cows, running horses” described in the Romance of the Three Kingdo ms could be rather complex machines whose working principles can be said to be like certain mechanical devices of today. B) Quite a few scientists argue that the “wooden cows, running horses” described in the Romance of Three Kingdoms could be machines of sufficient complexity working on principles supposedly similar to certain present-day mechanical devices. 5. 摘要:本文简单叙述和分析了本实验室最近对猪流感病毒所作的两次实验的成果。 A) Abstract: The results of two experiments on swine flu virus are briefly described and analyzed. B) Abstract: this article simply states and analyzes the results of two experimental tests this laboratory recently performed in the research on swine flu virus. 6. 珠江三角洲在中国的南部,气候良好,交通系统效率高,一向工农业都在快速发展。 A) The Pearl River Delta is to the south of China. It has a nice weather and a highly efficient communication system. Both of its industry and agriculture

科技英语翻译Unit 1—Unit 7

Unit 1 Electronics:Analog and Digital 1.As with series resonance, the greater the resistance in the circuit the lower the Q and, accordingly, the flatter and broader the resonance curve of either line current or circuit impedance. 对于串联谐振,电路中的电阻愈大Q值就愈低,相应地线路电流或电路阻抗的谐振曲线也就愈平、愈宽。 2.A wire carrying a current looks exactly the same and weighs exactly the same as it does when it is not carrying a current. 一根带电的导线其外表与重量都与不带电导线完全一样。 3.Click mouse on the waveform and drag it to change the pulse repetition rate, or directly enter a new value of the period in the provided dialogue box, while keeping the pulse width unchanged. 在波形上点击鼠标并拖动来改变脉冲重复频率,或者在提供的对话框中直接输入新的周期值,而保持脉冲宽度不变。 4.Electronics is the science and the technology of the passage of charged particles in a gas, in a vacuum, or in a semiconductor. Please note that particle motion confined within a metal only is not considered electronics. 电子学是一门有关带电粒子在气体、真空或半导体中运动的科学技术。注意,在本书中粒子运动仅限于金属的情况不属于电子学。 5.Hardware technologies have played vital roles in our ability to use electronic properties to process information, but software and data processing aspects have not developed at the same speed. 硬件技术在我们使用电子特性来处理信息的能力中一直起着重要作用,而软件及数字处理方面却没能与硬件同步发展。 6.However, in a properly designed DC amplifier the effect of transistor parameter variation, other than Ico, may be practically eliminated if the operation point of each stage is adjusted so that it remains in the linear operation range of the transistor as temperature varies. 然而在设计得当的直流放大器中,若调节每一级的工作点使之在温度变化时保持在晶体管线性区,就能在实际上消除Ico以外的晶体管参数变化所造成的影响。

科技英语翻译答案

科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管,在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道,所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄,旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成:叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。(直译) 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。(意译) The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。(意译) 要使印刷品的质量达到要求,部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。(意译) 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。(合译) 太阳的大小看起来有变化,这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。(分译) 医生对血样作了分析,看是不是贫血症。(分译) These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等,大的直径有1000公里,小的不到1公里。(分译) 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件,后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。(分译) 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。(增译) 人们发现,自然界里许多元素,都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。(增译) The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特:后者是电压的单位,前者是电流的单位。(增译) 同性电荷相斥,异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。(省译) 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。(介词) 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。(名词) 地球并非完全是圆的,它的两极略扁平。(形容词) An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。(动词) 她腰围40英寸。(副词) 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积,你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。(技术性引申) 通常,数控机床的编程是脱机完成的,指令载于穿孔带上。(技术性引申) 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。(修辞引申) The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。(具体化引申) 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。(具体化引申) 随着铀核和钚核的裂变,会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。(修辞性引申) 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样,不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。(具体化引申) The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然,其结构还有较大的改进余地。(抽象化引申) 目前,煤是火电厂最常用的能源。(抽象化引申) 居里夫妇坚信,自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。(具体化引申) 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。(抽象化引申) 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定,这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种(计量)单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后,人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域,而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉,板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征,例如一颗星或一只鸟;有时科学家观察某一事件,即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难,也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快,取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热,以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料,该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前,铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏,所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.

科技英语翻译专业词汇-材料

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