名师点津：雅思阅读判断题的审题解题思路

名师点津：雅思阅读判断题的审题解题思路

雅思考试的阅读部分中有很多我们中国考生之前都没有经历过的试题类型，诸多的不熟悉，较大的阅读量以及时间限制成了我们在这个单项中得分的障碍。例如细节信息定位题和Heading题，是几乎完全陌生的题型，而判断题虽然神似但由于解题答题思路的差异也给考生带来了很多困扰，以下将要谈到的就是有关判断题审题解题方面的内容。

普遍来说，雅思阅读考试有一个基本的阅读顺序或者说所谓的阅读方法，也就是先略读全文，然后带着题目关键词扫读，最后精读相关语句解题。其中带着关键词扫读和精读的过程直接影响到做题的速度和正确率。在做判断题的过程中也要充分重视这个过程，尤其是要以最快的速度解决关键词的判断。

常规的关键词如特殊字体（大写字母开头的如地名、人名和国名以及斜体字等）、表示年代的数字在解判断题时依然可以当作定位时的关键词用，但是很多判断题并没有这些明显的线索，这时候就要联系判断题的出题特点和它的顺序原则来进行审题和进一步的作答。

第一，从出题特点来看，判断题的考点除了比较明确的要考数字时间范围的精确度以外，更多的是考“关系”，而除了并列、因果、递进、转折、主被动等明显关系以外，还有很多的题目其实是隐藏着隐性“关系”的，而且一般是两个事物之间的“关系”。基于这个特点，就产生了一个比较可行的方法，即审题时先找出题干中产生关系的两个事物（下文以A、B替代），然后以A和B为定位关键词回原文扫描定位，具体会出现以下情况：1、A和B都在文中出现，但文中二者并无任何关系，也即题目中的关系在文中不存在，此时答案即为NOT GIVEN；

2、A和B存在，但文中关系表述与题目相抵触，则答案为FALSE或NO；

3、A和B存在，文中表述的二者关系和题目中的为同义转换，也即表述一致，那么答案为TRUE或YES;

4、A和B中有一者在文中未出现，且没有出现他们的近义或反义表达，则答案也为NOT GIVEN，因为产生“关系”的事物都没有全部出现，就更不用说二者的关系了；

5、A和B有一项或两项未出现，但文中有这一项或两项的同义或近义表述，则仍视作A与B进行考查，解题方法同“1”；

6、A 和B有一项或二项未出现，但文中有该项反义表述，则根据具体情况作答。

第二，从顺序原则的角度来看，由于判断题有比较规律的顺序性，也即文中对应的语句有顺序性，因此在解题时可以利用该原则，选择先解容易定位容易或者相对容易判断题干中关系的题目，缩小答案的搜索范围后再解其余题目。例如，第一和第二小题没有明确定位关键词，而第三小题题干中有大写的地名或年代容

易回原文定位，则可先对第三小题进行定位，然后在第三题的文中相对应部分之前的文章内容中寻读第一和第二小题的对应点。

以剑六TEST2的Passage3为例，从NO.32到NO.40为判断题：

32. For the earliest tribes, the concept of sufficiency was more important than the concept of quantity.

33. Indigenous Tasmanians used only four terms to indicate numbers of objects.

34. Some peoples with simple number systems use body language to prevent misunderstanding of expressions of number.

35. All cultures have been able to express large numbers clearly.

36. The word …thousand? has Anglo-Saxon origins.

37. In general, people in seventh-century Europe had poor counting ability.

38. In the Tsimshian language, the number for long objects and canoes is expressed with the same word.

39. The Tsimshian language contains both older and newer systems of counting.

40. Early peoples found it easier to count by using their fingers than a group of pebbles.

其中的33、36、37、38以及39由于题干中有大写字母或年代这些相对容易原文定位的关键词，则审题后可以带着这些定位词在原文中寻读相关部分后先解这几题，例如33题在文中对应的部分为第三小节开头，则根据顺序原则32题在文中的对应部分最后可能出现在开头两个小节中，这样一来寻读32题的范围就缩小了，剩余题目也可以效仿这个方法。再者，以“关系”的视角来解题，那么32题可以被看成是the concept of sufficiency 与the concept of quantity之间的比较关系，以这两项回原文寻读，对应点为“Our ancestors had little use for actual numbers; Instead their considerations would have been more of the kind Is this enough? rather than How many? when they were engaged in food gathering, for example.”此句以Is this enough 和How many两个短句来同义替代题干中的两个concept,而句中提到的我们的祖先考虑较多的是够不够而不是有多少则来同义转换题干中的more important,因此由于比项均出现且二者的

“关系”在文中也有同义表达，此题答案即为TRUE.此外40题也可以看作是有“关系”的题目，即fingers 与groups of pebbles之间的关系，用哪一个数数更容易，文中对应点位“Counting is not directly related to the formation of a number concept because it is possible to count by matching the items being counted against a group of pebbles, grains of co rn, or the counter?s fingers.”,虽然产生“关系”的手指与鹅卵石均有重现，但二者并无任何比较关系，因此答案为NOT GIVEN.

这里列举的只是判断题解题方法的很小一部分，却是比较容易被忽略的两个方法，当然它们也和大多数方法一样并不是放诸四海而皆准的，应结合具体考题和其他的方法灵活运用。

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