2018年北京大学(北大)英语MTI(笔译)考研历年真题及真题答案

北京大学英语笔译MTI考研信息整理

北京大学英语笔译考研参考书、招生人数、历年分数线、报录比、复试信息1.招生人数（北大英语MTI只有英语笔译方向）

2015年的北大英语笔译方向计划招生30人，接受推免人数15~20人；

实际招生人数为：18人（2人为港澳台学生）接受推免人数：12人；2016年的北大英语笔译方向计划招生30人，接受推免人数15人；

实际招生人数为：18人（1人为港澳台学生）接受推免人数：12人；

2017年计划招生：055101英语笔译拟招收：30推免：13★（少推免2人）

宋宋注：北大这两年属于扩招的形式，统考的人数增加，推免人数相应的减少。

学制：两年

北大翻硕学费：

2016年：5万/两年；

2015年：8万/两年；

★前几年北大翻硕的学费相比同类院校收费要高，16年进行了调整，降至5万。

2.初试考试科目：

1、101思想政治理论（100分）

2、211翻译硕士英语（100分）

3、357英语翻译基础（150分）

4、448汉语写作与百科知识（150分）

★★★育明宋老师解析：北大英语MTI只有笔译一个方向，初试除了思想政治理论是全国统一试卷，剩下的三门专业课，都是北大自主出题，出题的整体方向都偏文学性，特别指出的是，北大英语MTI 和日语的MTI的专业课汉语写作与百科知识，考的是同一张试卷，分为基础知识（100分）和专业知识（50分）两部分，满分150分.

3.初试题型分析：

一、初试题型

1、翻译硕士英语：单选、阅读理解、写作（个别院校会有完型和改错）；北大的题型会有一些不同，在原有的基础上加入了排序题，排序题相对来说会有一定的难度。

2、英语翻译基础：本考试包括二个部分：词语翻译和外汉互译，总分150分；

词语翻译30分（英译汉、汉译英）：15个外文术语及15个中文术语、缩略语或专有名词；

段落翻译120分（英译汉、汉译英）：两端段或是文章，250-350个单词或者150-250个汉字；

3、汉语写作与百科知识：本考试包括二个部分：百科知识和汉语写作，总分150分；

百科知识50分：名词解释或者是选择填空25个；

汉语写作100分：可分为大作文和小作文的写作，大作文（60分）体裁可以是说明文、议论文或应用文；小作文（40分）的写作一般是通知类、说明类、倡议书、会议通知、商务信函等。

4.参考书目：

1-《中式英语之鉴》Joan Pinkham、姜桂华著，2000年，外语教学与研究出版社。

2-《英汉翻译简明教程》庄绎传著，2002年，外语教学与研究出版社。

3-《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》叶子南著，2001年，清华大学出版社。

4-《非文学翻译理论与实践》罗进德主编，2004年，中国对外翻译出版公司。

5-《非文学翻译》，李长栓著，2009年9月外语教学与研究出版社出版。

6-《非文学翻译理论与实践》，李长栓著，中国对外翻译出版公司。

7-《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，光明日报出版社。

8-《全国翻译硕士考研真题解析》天津科技翻译出版社。

★★育明宋宋老师解析参考书该怎么读才能更有效果？

（1）通读教材，先不要追求细节，但求入门；

（2）研究真题，把握出题方向，最好是有答案

（3）结合教材细读，分析复习重点，琢磨该往哪个方向做笔记和思考；

（4）不断融会贯通，该记的一定要记牢，千万不要抱有侥幸心理；该理解的要理解，最好不要死记硬背，融会贯通，对于教材所讲观点能有自己的想法非常重要；

（5）除了看专业指定书目，还可以多看看所考学校老师的专著、论文；

（6）根据真题、复试题目等出题方向，找一些相关论文和好文章，记好笔记，多积累，多思考，要有自己的想法。

5.分数线：

录取分数线

2011年北大英语笔译方向录取分数线：50508590320

2012年北大英语笔译方向录取分数线：50509090325

2013年北大英语笔译方向录取分数线：50509090345

2014年北大英语笔译方向录取分数线：50509090330

2015年北大英语笔译方向录取分数线：50609090340

2016年北大英语笔译方向录取分数线：50559090305

育明教育宋宋老师解析：根据历年的分数线可以看出，往年的分数线都是330-340左右，但是看到16年的分数线只有305分，可以说是历史最低分，北大是自主划线学校之一，可以根据考生的报考人数、招生人数和当年学生的整体素质等自己划定分数线，16年分数线低一是因为考试题型发生了调整变化，二是北大老师给分相对较低。对于2017年备考的考生不能以2016年做为标准，还是要以一个正常的分数330—350准备.北大毕竟是名校每年报考的人数都在递增，竞争性还是比较大的，有北大情结的考生要认真准备.

6.2016年—2015录取情况对比

2015录取分数线为：400.42016录取分数线为：305

录取最高分数：389录取最高分数：368.5

录取最低分数：344录取最低分数：305

录取平均分数：366.19录取平均分数：332.38

7.复试与录取：

需要了解更多资讯真题讲义押题等联系宋宋球球.二七九六二零八八二四

北京大学的复试形式分为笔试和面试（主要考查翻译能力及专业准备，面试时的工作语言为英语）考生的外语听力考试在复试中进行，并计入复试总成绩，复试包括笔试和面试，笔试和面试分别占差额复试总成绩的30%和70％。笔试、面试成绩其一不及格者不予录取；考生只要进入复试录取的几率就很大了。育明教育从2006年开始对于北京各大院校做专业课的辅导，包括考研复

试的辅导，针对每个考生自身的基础制定考研计划，包括复试联系导师等。对于2017年备考的同学一定要认真复习，稳定情绪，争取在初试把分数提高，梦圆北大。

二、北大翻硕考研——英汉习语中所反映的文化差异

朱光潜先生在《谈翻译》一文中说："外国文学最难了解和翻译的第一是联想的意义……"，"它带有特殊的情感氛围，甚深广而微妙，在字典中无从找出，对文学却极要紧。如果我们不熟悉一国的人情风俗和文化历史背景，对于文字的这种意义就茫然，尤其是在翻译时这种字义最不易应付。"英国文化人类学家爱德华·泰勒在《原始文化》（1871）一书中，首次把文化作为一个概念提了出来，并表述为："文化是一种复杂，它包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其作社会上习得的能力与习惯。"可见文化的覆盖面很广，它是一个复要的系统。语言作为文化的一个组成部分，反映一个民族丰富多彩的方化现象。

1、生存环境的差异

习语的产生与人们的劳动和生活密切相关。英国是一个岛国，历史上航海业曾一度领先世界；而汉民族在亚洲大陆生活繁衍，人们的生活离不开土地。比喻花钱浪费，大手大脚，英语是spend money like water，而汉语是"挥金如土"。英语中有许多关于船和水的习语，在汉语中没有完全相同的对应习语，如to rest on one's oars（暂时歇一歇），to keep one's head above water（奋力图存），all at sea（不知所措）等等。

在汉语的文化氛围中，"东风"即是"春天的风"，夏天常与酷署炎热联系在一起，"赤日炎炎似火烧"、"骄阳似火"是常被用来描述夏天的词语。而英国地处西半球，北温带，海洋性气候，报告春天消息的却是西风，英国著名诗人雪莱的《西风颂》正是对春的讴歌。英国的夏季正是温馨宜人的季节，常与"可爱"、"温和"、"美好"相连。莎士比亚在他的一首十四行诗中把爱人比作夏天，Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?/Thou art more lovely and more temperate。

2、习俗差异

英汉习俗差异是多方面的，最典型的莫过于在对狗这种动物的态度上。狗在汉语中是一种卑微的动物。汉语中与狗有关的习语大都含有贬意："狐朋狗党"、"狗急跳墙"、"狼心狗肺"、"狗腿子"等，尽管近些年来养庞物狗的人数大大增加，狗的"地位"似乎有所改变，但狗的贬义形象却深深地留在汉语言文化中。而在西方英语国家，狗被认为是人类最忠诚的朋友。英语中有关狗的习语除了一部分因受其他语言的影响而含有贬义外，大部分都没有贬义。在英语习语中，常以狗的形象来比喻人的行为。如You are a lucky dog（你是一个幸运儿），Every dog has his day（凡人皆有得意日），Old dog will mot learn mew tricks（老人学不了新东西）等等。形容人"病得厉害"用sick as a dog，"累极了"是dog-tired。与此相反，中国人十分喜爱猫，用"馋猫"比喻人贪嘴，常有亲呢的成份，而在西方文化中，"猫"被用来比喻"包藏祸心的女人"。

3、宗教信仰方面

与宗教信仰有关的习语也大量地出在在英汉语言中。佛教传入中国已有一千多年的历史，人们相信有"佛主"在左右着人世间的一切，与此有关的习语很多，如"借花献佛"、"闲时不烧香，临时抱佛脚"等。在西方许多国家，特别是在英美，人们信奉基督教，相关的习语如Good helps those who help themselves（上帝帮助自助的人），也有Go to hell（下地狱去）这样的诅咒。

4、历史典故

英汉两种语言中还有大量由历史典故形成的习语，这些习语结构简单，意义深远，往往是不能单从字面意义去理解和翻译的。如"东施效颦"、"名落孙山"、"叶公好龙"等等。英语典故习语多来自《圣经》和希腊罗马神话，如Achilles'heel（唯一致命弱点）、meet one's waterloo（一败涂地）、Penelope's web（永远完不成的工作）、a Pandora's box（潘多拉之盒棗灾难、麻烦、祸害的根源）等。二、英汉习语翻译的具体原则和方法

关于翻译标准，中外翻译理论家们提出了不同的主张。从严复的"信、达、雅"，傅雷的"重神似不重形似"，到张培基先生提出的"忠实通顺"；从瞿秋白的"等同概念"，到美国著名的翻译理论家Eugene A·Nidar的"功能对等（functional equivalence）"或"动态对等（dynamic equivalence）"，我们可以看出，这些主张是相互影响、互为补充、不断完善的，虽然侧重点有所不同，但中心要结晶都是译文要忠实准确地表达原文的意义，保持原作的风格，忠实反是非曲直原作的面貌。所谓忠实表达原文的意义，应指忠实表达原文的字面意义、形象意义和隐含意义三个方面。但是，并不是原文的每句话、每个习语、词汇都同时具备三种意义，有的可能只有字面意义，没有形象意义；有的可能兼有字面意义和形象意义，但没有隐含意义。尤其是，任何两处语言文化都不可能完相同。

三、口译核心词汇饮食文化

食谱recipe

餐前开胃点心appetizer

正/主菜entrée;main course

附菜side dish

餐后甜食dessert

小吃snack;refreshments

山珍海味delicacies from land and sea

冷盘assorted hors d’oeuvres platter

什锦色拉mixed vegetable salad with ham

酸辣白菜sweet and sour pickled cabbage

炝虾shrimps marinated in wine sauce

葱油海蜇头jellyfish quick-fried with green onion

宁式拷子鱼deep-fried anchovy(Ningbo Style)

四喜烤麸deep-fried sliced gluten with peanuts,day-lily,fungi and mushrooms

雪莱毛豆fresh soybeans with reserved potherb mustard

宫保大虾sautéed prawns with hot pepper

锅巴海参crisp rice with sea cucumber

清炖甲鱼stewed soft-shelled turtle

糖醋黄鱼sweet and sour yellow croaker

回锅肉twice-cooked pork slices in brown sauce

鱼香肉丝fish-flavored shredded pork in hot sauce

椒盐排骨spare ribs with pepper and salt

烤鸭roast duck

羊肉串sliced mutton barbecue

铁扒牛排grilled beefsteak

涮羊肉thin mutton slices quick-boiled in a chafing-dish/Mongolian fire pot

宫保鸡丁diced chicken with peanuts;sautéed chicken cubes with chili and peanuts 麻婆豆腐spicy and hot bean curd;bean curd with minced pork in chili sauce

生煸四季豆sautéed string beans

鱼香茄子fish-flavored eggplant

鱼翅汤shark fin soup

扬州炒饭Yangchow fried rice

炒米粉fried ground rice noodles

小米粥millet gruel

炸酱面noodles with fried brown sauce paste

春卷spring roll;egg roll stuffed with minced meat and shrimp 葱油饼pan-fried cake with sesame seeds and green onion

油条fried twisted stick

花卷steamed bun/bread

小笼包子steamed meat dumpling

汤圆glutinous rice dumpling in soup

粽子rice dumpling wrapped in reed leaves

料/佐餐酒cooking/table wine

意式浓咖啡espresso(Italian Style)

槟榔betel nut

烹调术cookery

煸；炒stir-frying;sautéing

爆quick-frying

炸deep-frying

煎pan-frying

清炒plain-frying

清蒸steaming

红烧braising with soy sauce/in brown sauce

煲；焖；炖；煨braising;stewing;simmering

焙roasting;broiling

铁扒grilling;broiling

氽quick-boiling

熏smoking

腌pickling;salting

卤制marinating

揉面kneading dough

切丁/柳/片/丝dicing/cubing;filleting;slicing;shredding

请问，你们准备点菜吗？

Excuse me,but are you ready to order now?

先生，您要点菜还是要和菜？

Would you like an a la carte or table d’hote,sir?

你们一起买单还是各自付账？

How would you like to pay,one check/bill or separate checks/bills?

贵点的特色菜/招牌菜是什么？

May I know your house-special?

中餐先上冷盘，而西餐则先上汤。

A Chinese dinner begins with cold dishes,and a Western dinner with a soup.

您会使用筷子吗？

Can you manage with chopsticks?

我吃西餐喜欢用刀叉，这叫做“入乡随俗”嘛。

I like to enjoy a dinner of Western food with forks and knives,because I believe in“Do in Rome as the Romans do”.

不要客气，桌上菜，请自便。

Make yourself at home and help yourself to the dishes.

请尝尝我的拿手菜。

Would you like to try my special recipe?

对不起，我滴酒不沾。

Excuse me,I don’t touch anything alcoholic.

茅台是我国最负盛名的烈酒，上口不上脑。

Moutai is China’s best-known liquor;it is delicious and yet doesn’t go to the head.

绍兴酒属米酒一类，品之香味诱人，有点像日本的清酒。

Shaoxing Wine is made from rice;it possesses an inviting aroma and tastes like Japanese Sake.

三、翻译硕士考研资料：（全套）

（一）汉语写作与百科知识---天津出版传媒集团

李国正，夏衍教授主编，这本书针对近三年各个翻译硕士院校的真题进行了分析和统计，并总结了历年各个院校翻译硕士考研规律。

翻译硕士英语真题解析---天津科技出版社出版

英语翻译基础真题解析----天津科技出版社出版

（二）真题集汇总：

2010年翻译硕士考研真题集

2011年翻译硕士考研真题集

2012年翻译硕士考研真题集

2013年翻译硕士考研真题集

2014年翻译硕士考研真题集

2015年翻译硕士考研真题集

2016年翻译硕士考研真题集

翻译硕士考研词汇精编-----分类汇总

翻译硕士考研词汇精编-----分频汇总

育明教育考研考博专业课辅导针对考研开设的辅导课程有：专业课一对一·全程集训营·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在85%以上。育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考研成功的基础保障。

2018年考研英语二真题与答案解析

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