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大学英语精读第三册

第三册

Unit 1

Text

A young man finds that strolling along the streets without an obvious purpose can lead to trouble with the law. One misunderstanding leads to another until eventually he must appear in court for trial……

A Brush with the Law

I have only once been in trouble with the law. The whole process of being arrested and taken to court was a rather unpleasant experience at the time, but it makes a good story now. What makes it rather disturbing was the arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court.

In happened in February about twelve years ago. I had left school a couple of months before that and was not due to go to university until the following October. I was still living at home at the time.

One morning I was in Richmond, a suburb of London near where I lived. I was looking for a temporary job so that I could save up some money to go travelling. As it was a fine day and I was in no hurry, I was taking my time, looking in shop windows, strolling in the park, and sometimes just stopping and looking around me. It must have been this obvious aimlessness that led to my downfall.

It was about half past eleven when it happened. I was just walking out of the local library, having unsuccessfully sought employment there, when I saw a man walking across the road with the obvious intention of talking to me.

I thought he was going to ask me the time. Instead, he said he was a police officer and he was arresting me. At first I thought it was some kind of joke. But then another policeman appeared, this time in uniform, and I was left in no doubt.

'But what for?' I asked.

"Wandering with intent to commit an arrestable offence,' he said.

'What offence?' I asked.

'Theft,' he said.

'Theft of what?' I asked.

'Milk bottles,' he said, and with a perfectly straight face too!

'Oh,' I said.

It turned out there had been a lot of petty thefts in the area, particularly that of stealing milk bottles from doorsteps.

Then I made my big mistake. At the time I was nineteen, had long untidy hair, and regarded myself as part of the sixties' 'youth countercultrue. As a result, I want to appear cool and unconcerned with the incident, so I said, 'How long have you been following me?' in the most casual and conversation tone I could manage. I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation, and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character.

A few minutes later a police car arrived.

'Get in the back," they said. 'Put your hands on the back of the front seat and don't move them.'

They got in on either side of me. I wasn't funny any more.

At the police station they questioned me for several hours. I continued to try to look worldly and au fait with the situation. When they asked me what I had been doing, I told them I'd been looking for a job. 'Aha,' I could see them thinking, 'unemployed'.

Eventually, I was officially charged and told to report to Richmond Magistrates' Court the following Monday. Then they let me go.

I wanted to conduct my own defence in court, but as soon as my father found out what had happened, he hired a very good solicitor. We went along that Monday armed with all kinds of witnesses, including my English teacher from school as a character witness. But he was never called on to give evidence. My 'trial' didn't get that far. The magistrate dismissed the case after fifteen minutes. I was free. The poor police had never stood a chance. The solicitor even succeeded in getting costs awarded against the police.

And so I do not have a criminal record. But what was most shocking at the time was the things my release from the charge so clearly depended on. I had the 'right' accent, respectable middle-class parents in court, reliable witnesses, and I could obviously afford a very good solicitor. Given the obscure nature of the charge, I feel sure that if I had come from a different background, and had really been unemployed, there is every chance that I would have been found guilty. While asking for costs to be awarded, my solicitor's case quite obviously revolved around the fact that I had a 'brilliant academic record'.

Meanwhile, just outside the courtroom, one of the policemen who had arrested me was gloomily complaining to my mother that another youngster had been turned against the police. 'You could have been a bit more helpful when we arrested you,' he said to me reproachfully.

What did the mean? Presumably that I should have looked outraged and said something like, 'Look here, do you know who you're talking to? I am a highly successful student with a brilliant academic record. How dare you arrest me!' Then they, presumably, would have apologized, perhaps even taken off their caps, and let me on my way.

NEW WORDS

brush

n. brief fight or encounter 小冲突；小接触

process

n. course; method, esp. one used in manufacture 过程；制作法

arbitrary

a. based on one's own opinion only, not on reason 任意的；武断的

circumstance

n. (usu. pl.) conditions, facts, etc. connected with an event or person 情况，环境

subsequent

a. following, later 随后的，接下去的

fate

n. what will happen or happened to sb. or sth. 命运

due

a. expected; supposed (to) 预期的；约定的；到期的

temporary

a. lasting only for a limited time 暂时的

stroll

a. walk at leisure 散步，闲逛

obvious

a. easily seen or understood; clear 明显的，显而易见的

downfall

n. ruin 垮台；衰落

employment

n. one's regular work or occupation; job 职业；工作

wander

vi. move about without a purpose 闲逛；漫游

commit

vt. do (sth. wrong, bad, or unlawful)干（坏事），犯（错误、罪）

arrestable

a. deserving to be arrested

offence (AmE offense)

n. crime; the hurting of feelings; something unpleasant 罪行；冒犯；不愉快的事

straight face

a face or expression that shows no emotion, humor, or thought 板着的脸

petty

a. small; unimportant 小的；不足道的

doorstep

n. a step in front of a door

regard

vt. consider in the stated way 把……看作；把认为(as)

counterculture

n. a culture, esp. of the young who oppose the traditional standards and customs of their society 反主流文化

unconcerned

a. not worried; untroubled; indifferent 无忧虑的；淡漠的

casual

a. careless; informal 漫不经心的，随便的

conversational

a. of or commonly used in talking 会话（用）的

confirm

vt. make certain; support 证实，肯定；确定

belief

n. something believed; trust 相信；信念；信仰

thoroughly

ad. completely; in every way 完全地，彻底地

thorough a.

disreputable

a. having or showing a bad character; having a bad name 声名狼籍的

worldly

a. experienced in the ways of society 老于世故的

au fait

a. (F) familiar 熟悉的；精通的

aha

int. a cry of surprise, satisfaction, etc. 啊哈！

magistrate

n. civil officer acting as a judge in the lowest courts 地方法官

conduct

vt. direct the course of; manage 处理；主持；引导；指挥

defence (AmE defense)

n. the act of defending in court the person who has been charged 辨护solicitor

n. (esp. in Britain) lawyer who advises clients on legal matters and speaks on their behalf in lower courts （初级）律师

witness

n. a person who gives evidence in a court of law; sth. serving as evidence or proof 证人；证据

trial

n. the act or fact of examining and deciding a civil or criminal case by a law court 审判

dismiss

vt. (of a judge) stop (a court case) 驳回，对……不予受理

cost

n. (pl.) the cost of having a matter settled in a law court. esp. that paid to the winning party by the losing party 诉讼费

award

vt. give by a decision in court of law; give or grant by an official decision 判给；授予

accent

n. way of speaking typical of the natives or residents of a region, or of any other group 口音；腔调

respectable

a. deserving respect 值得尊敬的

reliable

a. that may be relied or depended upon 可靠的，可信赖的

given

prep. taking into account; if allowed or provided with 考虑到；假定

obscure

a. not clearly seen or understood 模糊的；晦涩的

guilty

a. having broken a law; showing or feeling that one has done wrong 有罪的；内疚的

revolve

v. (cause to) go round in a circle （使）旋转

brilliant

a. causing great admiration or satisfaction; splendid 辉煌的；卓越的

courtroom

n. a room where a law court is held 审判室

meanwhile

ad. during the same period of time 同时

gloomily

ad. depressedly, dejectedly 忧郁地；沮丧地

complain

vi. speak in an unhappy, annoyed, dissatisfied way 抱怨

complaint n.

reproachfully

ad. 责备地

presumably

ad. probably

outrage

vt. arouse anger or resentment by injury or insult 引起……的气愤

successful

a. having done what one has tried to do; having gained a high position in life, one's jo

b. et

c. 成功的；有成就的

apologize

vi. say one is sorry 道歉，谢罪

apology n.

PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS

take sb. to court

start an action in law against sb. 对某人提出诉讼

a couple of

(informal) a small number of, a few, usually two 少数，几（个）；一对

save up

keep for future use; put money away in the form of savings 储蓄

take one's time

do sth. in a leisurely manner; not hurry 慢慢来，不着急

at first

at the beginning 起先

turn out

prove to be 结果；证明是

call on

ask (sb.) to do sth. esp. formally 要求

stand a chance

have an opportunity; be likely to do or get sth. 有机会，有希望

revolve around

have as a center or main subject

turn against

(cause to) oppose, be hostile to

PROPER NAMES

Richmond

里士满（英国地名）

Richmond Magistrates' Court

里士满地方法院

Unit 2

Text

Aunt Bettie is faced with a difficult decision. A wounded Union soldier is found hiding in a farmhouse near her home. She has to decide whether to

help him or let him be captured. What will she choose to do?

The Woman Who Would Not Tell

Janice Keyser Lester

"I never did hate the Yankees. All that hated was the war.……"

That's how my great-aunt Bettie began her story. I heard it many times as a child, whenever my family visited Aunt Bettie in the old house in Berryville, Virginia. Aunt Bettie was almost 80 years old then. But I could picture her as she was in the story she told me —— barely 20, pretty, with bright blue eyes.

Bettie Van Metre had good reason to hate the Civil War. One of her brother was killed at Gettysburg, another taken prisoner. Then her young husband, James, a Confederate officer, was captured and sent to an unknown prison camp somewhere.

One hot day in late September Dick Runner, a former slave, came to Bettie with a strange report. He had been checking a farmhouse half a mile away from the Van Metre home, a farmhouse he thought was empty. But inside, he heard low groans. Following them to the attic, he found a wounded Union soldier, with a rifle at his side.

When Aunt Bettie told me about her first sight of the bearded man in the stained blue uniform, she always used the same words. "It was like walking into a nightmare: those awful bandages, that dreadful smell. That's what war is really like, child: no bugles and banners. Just pain and filth, futility and death."

To Bettie Van Metre this man was not an enemy but rather a suffering human being. She gave him water and tried to clean his terrible wounds. Then she went out into the cool air and leaned against the house, trying not to be sick as she thought of what she had seen —— that smashed right hand, that missing left leg.

The man's papers Bettie found in the attic established his identity: Lt. Henry Bedell, Company D, 11th Vermont Volunteers, 30 year old. She knew that she should report the presence of this Union officer to the Confederate army. But she also knew that she would not do it. This is how she explained it to me: "I kept wondering if he had a wife somewhere, waiting, and hoping, and not knowing —— just as I was. It seemed to me that the only thing that mattered was to get her husband back to her."

Slowly, patiently, skillfully, James Van Metre's wife fanned the spark of life that flickered in Henry Bedell. Of drugs or medicines she had almost none. And she was not willing to take any from the few supplies at the Confederate hospital. But she did the best she could with what she had.

As his strength returned, Bedell told Bettie about his wife and children in Westfield, Vermont. And BedelL listened as she told him about her brothers and about James. "I knew his wife must be praying for him," Aunt Bettie would say to me, "just as I was praying for James. It was strange how close I felt to her."

The October nights in the valley grew cold. The infection in Bedell's wounds flared up. With Dick and his wife, Jennie, helping, she moved the Union officer at night, to a bed in a hidden loft above the warm kitchen of her own home.

But the next day, Bedell had a high fever. Knowing that she must get help

or he would die, she went to her long-time friend and family doctor. Graham Osborne.

Dr. Osborne examined Bedell, then shook his head. There was little hope, he said, unless proper medicine could be found.

"All right, then," Bettie said. "I'll get it from the Yankees at Harpers Ferry."

The doctor told her she was mad. The Union headquarters were almost 20 miles away. Even if she reached them, the Yankees would never believe her story.

"I'll take proof," Bettie said. She went to the loft and came back with a blood-stained paper bearing the official War Department seal. "This is a record of his last promotion," she said. "When I show it, they'll have to believe me."

She made the doctor writer out list of the medical items he needed. Early the next morning she set off.

For five hours she drove, stopping only to rest her horse. The sun was almost down when she finally stood before the commanding officer at Harpers Ferry.

Gen. John D. Stevenson listened, but did not believe her. "Madam," he said, "Bedell's death was reported to us."

"He's alive," Bettie insisted. "But he won't be much longer unless he has the medicines on that list."

"Well," the general said finally, "I'm not going to risk the lives of a patrol just to find out." He turned to a junior officer. "See that Mrs. Van Metre gets the supplies." He brushed aside Bettie's thanks. "You're a brave woman," he said, "whether you're telling the truth or not."

With the medicines that Bettie carried to Berryville, Dr. Osborne brought Bedell through the crisis. Ten days later Bedell was hobbling on a pair of crutches that Dick had made for him. "I can't go on putting you in danger," Bedell told Bettie. "I'm strong enough to travel now. I'd lie to go back as soon as possible."

So it was arranged that Mr. Sam, one of Bettie's neighbors and friends, should go and help Bettie deliver Bedeel to Union headquarters at Harpers Ferry in his wagon.

They hitched Bettie's mare alongside Mr. Sam's mule. Bedell lay down in an old box filled with hay, his rifle and crutches beside him.

It was a long, slow journey that almost ended in disaster. Only an hour from the Union lines, two horsemen suddenly appeared. One pointed a pistol, demanding money while the other pulled Mr. Sam from the wagon. Shocked, Bettie sat still. Then a rifle shot cracked out, and the man with the pistol fell to the ground dead. A second shot, and the man went sprawling. It was Bedell shooting! Bettie watched him lower the rifle and brush the hay out of his hair. "Come on, Mr. Sam," he said. "Let's keep moving."

At Harpers Ferry, the soldiers stared in surprise at the old farmer and the girl. They were even more amazed when the Union officer with the missing leg rose from his hay-filled box.

Bedell was sent to Washington. There he told his story to Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton. Stanton wrote a letter of thanks to Bettie and-signed an order to free James Van Metre from prison. But first James had to be found.

It was arranged for Bedell to go with Bettie as she searched for her husband.

Records showed that a James Van Metre had been sent to a prison camp in Ohio. But when the ragged prisoners were paraded before Bettie, James was not there. A second prison was checked, with the same result. Bettie Van Metre fought back a chilling fear that her husband was dead.

Then at Fort Delaware, near the end of the line of prisoners a tall man stepped out and stumbled into Bettie's arms. Bettie held him, tears streaming down her face. And Henry Bedell, standing by on his crutches, wept, too.

NEW WORDS

tell

v. act as an informer 告发

Yankee

n. (in the Civil War) a native of any of the northern states; a citizen of the U.S. 北方佬；美国佬

great-aunt

n. an aunt of one's father or mother; sister of one's grandfather or grandmother

civil

a. 国内的；民间的

Confederate

a. of or belonging to the Confederacy 南部邦联的

capture

vt. make a prisoner of; seize 俘虏；夺得

unknown

a. whose name, nature, or origin is not known

former

a. of an earlier period 以前的

farmhouse

n. the main house on a farm, where a farmer lives

groan

n. a sound made in a deep voice that expresses suffering, grief or disapproval 呻吟（声）

attic

n. the space just under the roof of a house, esp. that made into a low small room 阁楼

Union, the

n. those states that supported the Federal government of the U.S. during the Civil War; the U.S.A. （美国南北战争期间的）联邦政府；美国

a. of or having to do with the Union

rifle

n. 步枪

awful

a. terrible; very bad

bandage

n. a narrow long piece of material, esp. cloth, for binding a wound or injury 绷带

dreadful

a. very unpleasant or shocking; terrible

bugle

n. a musical wind instrument usually made of brass, used chiefly for military signals 军号，喇叭

filth

n. disgusting dirt 污秽

futility

n. uselessness

futile a.

lean

vi. support or rest oneself in a bent position 靠，倚

establish

vt. find out or make certain of (a fact, answer, etc.), prove 确立，证实

identity

n. who or what a particular person or thing is 身份

identical

a. 同一的；完全相同的确良

Lt.

abbr. lieutenant 陆军中尉

company

n. 连

volunteer

n. person who joins the army, navy, or air force of his own free will 志愿兵

presence

n. being present in a place

skillfully

ad. in a skillful manner 灵巧地，娴熟地

skillful

a. having or showing skill

fan

vt. 扇，扇动；激起

spark

n. 火花

flicker

vi. burn unsteadily; shine with an unsteady light

drug

n. a medicine or substance used for medical purposes

supply

n. (pl.) the food, equipment, etc. necessary for an army, expedition or the like 补给品

pray

vi. 祈祷

valley

n. a stretch of land between hills or mountains; the land through which a stated river or great river system flows 山谷；流域

infection

n. 感染；传染

infect vt.

flare

vi. burn with a bright, unsteady flame （火焰）闪耀

loft

n. a room under the roof of a building, attic 阁楼

ferry

n. 渡口；渡船

headquarters

n. (used with a sing. or pl. v. ) the place from which the chief of a police force or the commanding officer of an army sends out orders 司令部proof

n. evidence showing that sth. is true 证据

bear

vt. show; have

seal

n. 印，图章

item

n. a single thing among a set, esp. included in a list 条；项

commanding

a. having command; in charge

commanding officer

指挥官

command

vt. 指挥

Gen.

abbr. general 将军

madam

n. respectful form of address to a woman (whether married or unmarried)夫人，太太，女士，小姐

risk

vt. endanger; take the chance of

patrol

n. a small group of soldiers, vehicles, etc. sent out to search for the enemy, or to protect a place from the enemy 巡逻队

junior

a. younger or lower in rank than another

hobble

vi. walk awkwardly; limp 跛行；蹒跚

crutch

n. support used under the arm to help a lame person to walk 拐杖

wagon

n. four-wheeled vehicle for carrying goods, pulled by horses or oxen 四轮运货马（牛）车

hitch

vt. fasten with a hook, ring, rope, etc. 钩住，拴住，套住

mare

n. female horse or donkey

alongside

prep. close to; along the side of

mule

n. an animal that has a donkey and a horse as parents 骡

disaster

n. a great or sudden misfortune; terrible accident

line

n. a row of defence works, esp. that nearest the enemy 战线，防线

horseman

n. a person who rides a horse, esp. one who is skilled

pistol

n. handgun 手枪

crack

v. (cause to) make a sudden explosive sound （使）发出爆裂声

sprawl

vi. lie or sit with hands and feet spread out, esp. ungracefully

lower

vt. move or let down in height 放下；放低

secretary

vt. an official who takes charge of a governmental department; an employee in an office, who is in charge of correspondence, records, making appointments, etc. 部长，大臣；秘书

ragged

a. (of a person ) dressed in old torn clothes; (of clothes) old an torn 衣衫褴褛的；破旧的

parade

vt. cause to walk in an informal procession for the purpose of being looked at; cause to march in procession 使列队行进

n. 游行；检阅

chill

v. (cause to) have a feeling of cold as from fear; (cause to ) become cold, esp. without freezing （使）感到冷；（使）冷

fort

n. 要塞，堡垒

stumble

vi. walk or move in an unsteady way; strike the foot against sth. and almost fall

stream

vi. flow fast and strongly; pour out

PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS

take prisoner

capture and hold as a prisoner, esp. as a prisoner of war 俘虏

flare up

break out or intensify suddenly or violently; burst into bright flame or rage 突发；加剧；突然发光；突然发怒

write out

write in full, write (sth. formal)

brush aside

disregard, ignore 不理；漠视

bring through

save (sb.) from (an illness, etc.)

PROPER NAMES

Berryville

贝里维尔（美国地名）

Virginia

弗吉尼亚（美国州名）

Bettie Van Metre

贝蒂.范.米特

the Civil War

（美国）南北战争

Gettysburg

葛底斯堡（美国城市）

Dick Runner

迪克.朗纳

Henry Bedell

亨利.贝德尔

Vermont

佛蒙特（美国州名）

Westfield

韦斯菲尔德（美国地名）

Jennie

詹妮（女子名）

Graham Osborne 格雷厄姆.奥斯本

Harpers Ferry

哈珀斯渡口（美国地名）

Stevenson

史蒂文森（姓氏）

Secretary of War(old use)

（美国）陆军部长

Edwin M. Stanton

埃德温.M.斯坦顿

Ohio

俄亥俄（美国州名）

Fort Delaware

特拉华堡（美国地名）

Unit 3

Text

Every teacher probably asks himself time and again: What are the reasons for choosing teaching as a career? Do the rewards teaching outweigh the trying comments? Answering these questions is not a simple task. Let's see what the author says.

Why I Teach

Peter G. Beidler

Why do you teach? My friend asked the question when I told him that I didn't want to be considered for an administrative position. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a "step up" toward what all Americans

are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.

Certainly I don't teach because teaching is easy for me. Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession. Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing. Sweaty-palm, because I'm always nervous before I enter the classroom, sure that I will be found out for the fool that I am. Sinking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.

Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share. Sometimes I am amazed that my students actually take notes on what I say in class!

Why, then, do I teach?

I teach because I like the pace of the academic calendar. June, July, and August offer an opportunity for reflection, research and writing.

I teach because teaching is a profession built on change. When the material is the same, I change ——and, more important, my students change.

I teach because I like the freedom to make my own mistakes, to learn my own lessons, to stimulate myself and my students. As a teacher, I'm my own boss. If I want my freshmen to learn to write by creating their own textbook, who is to say I can't? Such courses may be huge failures, but we can all learn from failures.

I teach because I like to ask questions that students must struggle to answer. The world is full of right answers to bad questions. While teaching, I sometimes find good questions.

I teach because I enjoy finding ways of getting myself and my students out of the ivory tower and into the real world. I once taught a course called "Self-Reliance in a Technological Society." My 15 students read Emerson, Thoreau, and Huxley. They kept diaries. They wrote term papers.

But we also set up a corporation, borrowed money, purchased a run-down house and practiced self-reliance by renovating it. At the end of the semester, we would the house, repaid our loan, paid or taxes, and distributed the profits among the group.

So teaching gives me pace, and variety, and challenge, and the opportunity to keep on learning.

I have left out, however, the most important reasons why I teach.

One is Vicky. My first doctoral student, Vicky was an energetic student who labored at her dissertation on a little-known 14th century poet. She wrote articles and sent them off to learned journals. She did it all herself, with an occasional nudge from me. But I was there when she finished her dissertation, learned that her articles were accepted, got a job and won a fellowship to Harvard working on a book developing ideas she'd first had as my student.

Another reason is George, who started as an engineering student, then switched to English because he decided he liked people better than things.

There is Jeanne, who left college, but was brought back by her classmates because they wanted her to see the end of the self-reliance house project. I

was here when she came back. I was there when she told me that she later became interested in the urban poor and went on to become a civil rights lawyer.

There is Jacqui, a cleaning woman who knows more by intuition than most of us learn by analysis. Jacqui has decided to finish high school and go to college.

These are the real reasons I teach, these people who grow and change in front of me. Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe.

A "promotion" out of teaching would give me money and power. But I have money. I get paid to do what I enjoy: reading, talking with people, and asking question like, "What is the point of being rich?"

And I have power. I have the power to nudge, to fan sparks, to suggest books, to point out a pathway. What other power matters?

But teaching offers something besides money and power: it offers love. Not only the love of learning and of books and ideas, but also the love that a teacher feels for that rare student who walks into a teacher's life and begins to breathe. Perhaps love is the wrong word: magic might be better.

I teach because, being around people who are beginning to breathe, I occasionally find myself catching my breath with them.

NEW WORDS

administrative

a. of the management of affairs 行政的，管理的

administration

n. 管理（部门），行政（机关）

puzzle

vt. fill with doubt and confusion 使迷惑

step (-) up

n. promotion; increase in size, speed, etc.

mechanic

n. skilled workman, esp. one who uses or repairs machines and tools 机械工；机修工

sweaty

a. covered with sweat, sweating

palm

a. 手掌

profession

n. occupation, esp. one requiring special training, such as law, medicine, or teaching

convince

vt. make (sb.) feel certain; cause (sb.) to realize

compel

vt. force (sb. or sth. to do sth.)

pace

n. rate or speed of development, or in walking, etc. 速度；步速

calendar

n. 日程表，日历

opportunity

n. favourable occasion or chance

reflection

n. careful thinking; consideration 深思；考虑

reflect vi.

stimulate

vt. encourage; excite 刺激；激励

freshman

n. student in his first year at a college or university

failure

n. a person, attempt, or thing that fails; lack of success

ivory

n. 象牙

ivory tower

n. place or condition of retreat from the world of action into a world of ideas and dreams 象牙塔

self-reliance

n. ability to do things and make decisions by oneself 依靠自己；自力更生reliance

n. trust, confidence; dependence 信赖；信心；依靠

technological

a. of or related to technology 技术的

corporation

n. (AmE) 有限公司

run-down

a. old and broken or in bad condition

renovate

vt. restore (old buildings, oil paintings, etc.) to a former, better state 修复，修整

semester

n. (AmE) either of the two periods into which a school year is divided; term 学期

repay

vt. pay back (money, etc.)

loan

n. sth. lent, esp. a sum of money 借出的东西；贷款

distribute

vt. divide among several or many; give or send out 分发；分送

distribution n.

variety

n. difference in quality, type or character; a number of or a collection of different things 变化，多样化；种种

challenge

n. the quality of demanding competitive action, interest, or though 挑战doctoral

a. having to do with the university degree of doctor 博士的

energetic

a. vigorous 精力充沛

dissertation

n. （学位）论文

poet

n. one who writes poetry

learned

a. showing or requiring much knowledge 博学的

journal

n. magazine or daily newspaper 杂志；日报

occasional

a. happening from time to time, not regular 偶尔的，间或的

nudge

n. (fig.) words, actions or feeling that stimulate 启示

vt. push or touch slightly, esp. with the elbow to attract attention; (fig.) stimulate

fellowship

n. position or a sum of money granted to a person for advanced study or research 研究员职位；研究员薪金

switch

vt. change or shift; turn

urban

a. of a town or city

civil rights

n. the rights of a citizen without regard to his race, religion, sex, etc. 公民权

lawyer

n. person who practises law 律师

intuition

n. (power of) the immediate understanding of truths, events, facts without reasoning 直觉

analysis

n. the separation of a substance into parts for careful examination and study 分析

creation

n. act of creating; sth. created 创造（物）

clay

n. 粘士

point

n. main idea or purpose 要点；意义，目的

pathway

n. path

rare

a. unusually good; distinctive 稀有的；杰出的

magic

n. mysterious charm; strange influence or power; art of obtaining mysterious results by tricks 魔力；魔术

PHRASES & EXPRESSIONS

stay up

not go to bed until after the usual time 不睡觉，熬夜

take notes

记笔记

build on

base on; use as a base for further development

keep a diary

记日记

leave out

fail to mention or include; omit

send off

post; dispatch

work at/ on

give one's attention to doing or trying to do

catch one's breath

rest and get back one's normal breath, as after running; stop breathing for a moment from surprise, fear, shock, etc.

PROPER NAMES

Emerson

爱默生（姓氏及男子名）

Thoreau

梭洛（姓氏）

Huxley

赫胥黎（姓氏）

Vicky

维基（女子名，Victoria 的昵称）

Harvard

哈佛（美国大学名）

Jeanne

珍妮（女子名）

Jacqui

杰基（女子名，Jacqueline的昵称）

Unit 4

Text

In big cities like New York, you can find homeless women with shopping bags wandering on the streets. They choose to live in an isolated, mistrustful world of their own. They are called lady hermits or just shopping-bag ladies.

Lady Hermits Who Are Down But Not Out

Every large city has its shifting population of vagrants. But in most cases these are men, usually with an unhealthy appetite for alcohol. Only New York, it seems, attracts this peculiar populace of lone and homeless women who live in an isolated, mistrustful world of their own.

Shopping-bag ladies do not drink. They do not huddle together for warmth and companionship like bums. They do not seem to like one another very much. Neither are they too keen on conventional people. Urban hermits, one sociologist has called them. They will send their days and nights in the same neighborhood for months on end, then disappear as inexplicably as they came. They know the hours when restaurants put their leftovers in the garbage cans where they search for food. And local residents, seeing the same bag lady on the same corner every day, will slip her some change as they

pass.

Shopping-bag ladies do not overtly beg, but they do not refuse what is offered. Once a shopping-bag lady becomes a figure of your neighborhood, it is as hard to pass her by without giving her some money as it is to ignore the collection box in church. And although you may not like it, if she chooses your doorway as her place to sleep in the night, it is as morally hard to turn her away as it is a lost dog.

There are various categories of bag ladies: those who live on the streets, claiming they enjoy the freedom from constraints of society; those who became homeless because a relative died or because they couldn't keep up rent payments, and they didn't know where to go or how to apply for relief; and quasi bag ladies who have an anchor point —— a sister or brother whom they can visit once in a while to take a bath.

Most shopping-bag ladies seem to be between the ages of 40 and 65. They wear layers of clothes even in summer time, with newspapers stuffed between the layers as further protection against bad weather In general, the more bags the ladies carry the better organist bad weather. In general, the more bags the ladies carry the better organised they are to cope with life on the streets.

"You may think I have a lot of garbage in these bags," one shopping-bag lady volunteered over lunch in a church soup kitchen, "but it's everything I need. Extra clothes, newspapers for the cold." Shopping-bag ladies are not very communicative and take general conversation as an intrusion. But after a while, warmed by chicken soup, she began to speak.

"The place is nice," she volunteered, "people are friendly. Most New Yorkers are very cold. I have sisters in the city, but when you grow up, each goes his own way. Right?"

"I go out a lot because of my teeth. You know how it is: you pick up something in a restaurant and your teeth turn rotten, no matter how careful you are. People aren't considerate. The restaurants don't wash the glasses properly, and before you know where you are you have caught it. That's what happened to me. I don't like meeting people until I have this dental work done. So I go out to forget my troubles. I sit a little while somewhere, have something to eat at one of these places, then go wherever I have to go. I take all my things with me because you can't trust people."

The story of the dental work was a typical shopping-bag lady fantasy. Psychiatrists say that even after long interviews shopping-bag ladies are still at a loss to separate truth from imagination.

One quasi bag lady spends about eight hours every day at the foot of the main escalator in a railroad station, although she rents a room in a cheap hotel in the neighborhood. One of the priests from the nearby church found this lodging for her after he discovered that she was entitled to a small disability pension which she had never claimed. But every day from about nine to five, she still takes a milk crate and sits by the station escalator, not doing anything or talking to anyone. It's like a job to her.

No one knows how many shopping-bag ladies there are in New York. The figure is going up. Some priests, nuns and researchers spend a great deal of time shepherding or observing shopping-bag ladies and are doing what they can to better the life of the lady hermits who are down.

NEW WRODS

hermit

n. person who avoids other people and lives alone 隐士

shift

vi. move from one place, position, etc. to another 转移，移动

vagrant

n. person who lives a wandering life with no steady home or work 流浪者appetite

n. desire or wish, esp. for food 食欲，胃口

attract

vt. draw towards oneself 吸引

attraction n.

attractive a.

peculiar

a. unusual; strange 奇特的；奇怪的

populace

n. population; the common people

lone

a. without other people or things 孤独的

isolate

vt. separate from others 使隔离，使孤立

mistrustful

a. lacking confidence or trust

shopping-bag

n. 购物袋

huddle

vi. crowd together 挤作一团

warmth

n. the state or quality of being warm

companionship

n. 伴侣关系，友谊；一群伙伴

companion n.

bum

n. wandering beggar 游民，叫化子

keen

a. eager, anxious to do things 热心的，渴望的

conventional

a. following accepted practices, customs, and standards 习俗的，寻常的

convention

v. 习俗，惯例

sociologist

n. a person who studies societies and human behavior in groups 社会学家

neighborhood

n. a group of people and their homes forming a small area within a larger place 街坊，四邻

inexplicably

ad. in a way not capable of explanation

leftovers

n. (used with a pl, v.) food remaining uneaten after a meal

garbage

n. waste material; rubbish; scraps of food to be thrown away

garbage can

dustbin 垃圾桶

resident

n. person living in a place permanently, not just a visitor 居民

slip

vt. give or pay secretly 悄悄给

overtly

ad. publicly 公开地

collection

n. the gathering of money at a religious service; money collected 募捐；募金

collection box

a box for the collection of money, esp. one passed from hand to hand in church 奉献箱

doorway

n. 门口；门道

morally

ad. with regard to right behavior 道德上

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academic 学院的adolescence 青春期adolescent 青少年时期adulthood 成年affection 喜爱affirm 断言agenda 日程表anxiety 焦虑attitudinal 态度的baptist bounce 跳跃capability 能力contribute 贡献counsel 建议crisis 危机definite 清楚的developmental 发育的distinct 区分，差别distressed 悲伤 dorm 公寓，宿舍(大学生) encyclopedia 百科全书endeavor 尝试endowment 天赋ethical 道德的ethnic evaluate 估算，评估excessive 过分的，极度的feminine 女性的financial 财政的functional 职务的genetic 基因的guilt 内疚heighten 提高 inherit 遗传，继承inhibition 压抑的情绪interact 交流interaction 合作 involve （成功的）必要条件journal 期刊masculine 男性的maturity 成熟mistrust 不信任newscast 新闻广播parental 父母的peer 同龄人perceive 理解position 工作prejudiced 偏见project 规划rebel 抗议relate 理解，同情某人resentment 怨恨 role 职责seminary 学院的separation 分开sexual 2性的shrink 缩水stressful 有压力的superior 优秀的theological 神学的unquestionably 毫无疑问的 lesson2 alley n.小路, 巷bitterness n.苦味, 悲痛, 怨恨call it quits 停止civil war 内战Congressman n.国会议员, 众议院议员dirt road 土路down and out 落魄drip n.水滴vt.(使)滴下vi.(使)滴下druggist n.药商, 药材商, 药剂师【医】药商, 调剂员farmhouse n.农舍general n.一般, 将军, 大体a.全面的, 大体的, 总的, 一般的, 普遍的n.常规【计】常规【医】一般的, 全身性, 广泛的get hold of 抓住, 得到get word 获得消息, 听说, 得知 glimpse n.一瞥, 一闪vi.投以一瞥, 闪烁不定vt.瞥见fool around 闲荡, 干蠢事, 干无用的事, 干琐屑的事grand marshal 大元帅harness n.马具, 挽具状带子, 甲胄vt.给...上挽具, 驾驭, 披上甲胄, 利用...以产生动力headquarters n.总部, 司令部, 总部人员【经】本部, 总部, 总署hush n.肃静, 安静, 沉默vt.(使)肃静, (使)安静, (使)缄默interj.嘘, 别作声intimate a.亲密的, 私人的, 秘密的vt.暗示, 通知, 告诉n.至交【法】亲密的, 亲切的, 私人的lrish 爱尔兰的liven vt.使高兴, 使快活vi.快活起来livery n.制服, 侍从a.象肝的, 有肝病症状的 memoir n.传记, 实录, 追思录, 回忆录, 自传【化】研究报告miraculously ad.超自然, 非凡, 不可思议, 令人惊叹, 象奇迹一样, 奇迹般, 能创造奇迹momentary a.瞬间的, 刹那间的naked a.裸体的, 无装饰的, 无保护的, 赤贫的【医】裸露的orderly a.有秩序的, 整齐的, 值班的n.护理员, 清道夫, 传令兵, 勤务兵ad.依次地, 顺序地【医】男护理员parade n.游行, 炫耀, 阅兵vt.游行, 炫耀, (使)列队行进vi.游行, 炫耀, (使)列队行进pond n.池塘vt.筑成池塘vi.筑成池塘Presbyterian adj.长老制的, 长老会的n.长老教会员railroad n.铁路, 铁路公司vt.铺设铁路, 用铁路运输vi.在铁路工作【经】铁道, 铁路ridiculous a.荒谬的, 可笑的Scotsman n.苏格兰人，苏格兰男人shed n.车棚, 小屋, 脱落之物, 分水岭vt.使流出, 放射, 脱落, 散发, 摆脱vi.流出, 散布, 脱落【医】脱落, 脱换show up 揭露, 露出, 露面 smash n.打碎, 粉碎, 打碎时哗啦声, 猛击, 扣球, 杀球, 经营失败, 破产, 硬币, 假硬币a.非常轰动的, 了不起的vt.打碎, 粉碎, 击溃, 使破产, 使裂变, 使用假硬币vi.碎裂, 猛撞, 破产, 扣球, 杀球ad.轰隆一声, 哗啦一声surrender vt.交出, 放弃, 使投降, 让与vi.投降, 自首n.交出, 放弃, 投降Swede n.瑞典人Sweden sympathize vi.同情, 怜悯, 同意, 体谅 with thick with somebody 厚与某人windbag n.空话连篇的人, 风囊

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大学英语精读第三版第一册英语课后翻译答案

Unit 1 1、他这次考试的失败使他意识到定期复习功课的重要。 His failure in the exam has made him aware of the importance of reviewing his lessons regularly. 2、请一定不要忘记离家前你父母对你说过的话。 Be sure not to forget what your parents said to you before you left home. 3、我确信她的英语知识对这项工作来说是足够的了。 I'm sure her knowledge of English is adequate for the job. 4、这篇文章的目的是告诉学生怎样培养良好的学习习惯。 The purpose of this article is to tell the students how to develop good study habits. 5、在当今时代，人们越来越多地依靠计算机(computers)来解决各种各样的问题。 In our age, people depend more and more on computers to solve various kinds of difficult problems. 6、略读不仅可以帮助你对将要阅读的东西有所了解，还可以帮助你读得快些，提高你的阅读理解力。 Skimming not only helps you get some idea of what you are going to read but also helps you read faster and improve your comprehension. 7、有些人以为男孩子比女孩子聪明。然而，事实未必如此。 Some people believe that boys are cleverer than girls. This is not necessarily the case, however. 8、即使智力一般的学生也可以通过改进学习习惯习惯而成为优等生。 Even students of average intelligence can become top students by improving their study habits. Unit 2 1、幸好附近有家医院，我们立刻把他送到了医院。 Fortunately there was a hospital nearby and we took him there at one. 2、胜利登上乔治岛后，船长向指挥部发了一份无线电报。 After succeeding in landing on George Island, the captain sent a radio message to his headquarters. 3、他决心继续他的实验，不过这次他将用另一种办法来做。 He is determined to con tinue his experiment but this time he’ll do it another way. 4、她读这部小说时，不禁想起了她在农村度过的那五年。 When she read the novel, she couldn’t help thinking of the five years she had spent in the countryside. 5、玛丽觉得单靠自己的力量执行她的计划是困难的。 Mary thought it difficult to carry out her plan all by herself. 6、我们认为他不能在一刻钟内走完那段距离，但他却成功地做到了这一点。 We didn't think he could cover the distance in a quarter of an hour, but he succeeded in doing it. 7、甚至在他的医生告诉他患有肺癌之后，奇切斯特仍不肯放弃环球航行的宿愿。 Even after his doctor told him he had lung cancer, Chichester would not give up his old dream of sailing round the world. 8、我正忙着在做一种新的捕鼠(rats)装置时，马克走来拖着我出去看花展了。 I was busy making a new device for catching rats when Mark came and dragged me out to a flower show. Unit 4 1、接受这份工作就得经常在周末上班，但约翰并不在意。 To take this job woul d involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn’t mind. 2、众所周知，肺癌至少部分地是由于吸烟过多而引起的。 It is well know that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much.. 3、我祖父母说，发明电视的那个人曾住在他们那个地段。 My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood. 4、我提议咱们会后马上去办公室找史斯密教授，邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。 I propose that we go to find Prof. Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening. 5、她因那病开过两次刀，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来。 Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up. 6、教育家们认为，伴随着电视机长大的一代人，在电视机前花的时间太多，以致没有足够的时间学习了。 Educators think that the generation growing up with television spend so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study. 7、我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法来。 I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this.

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14)movement 15)discuss 16)operate 17)division 18)production 19)educate 20)repeat 1) additional 2) add 3) addition 4) addition 1) effectively 2) effect 3) effective 4) effect 1) helpful 2) help 3) helpless 4) help 5) helplessly 6) helpfully 7) helpful 1) reliant 2) reliable 3) reliance reliable 4) relies 5) reliably 6) 1) repetition 2) repeating 3) repeatedly 4) repeated 5) repetition 1) In my opinion 2) According to Mary 3) In our opinion 4) According to today's papers 5) In most doctors' opinion According to most doctors 1) Shakespeare was not only a dramatist but also an actor. 2) Miss Crain not only took me home in her car, but also came the next day to see if I had recovered. 3) Hainan Island attracts tourists not only in winter but also in summer.

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5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition t 8) in detail 1)action 2)employ 3)announce 4)examination 5)communication 6)express 7)compose 8)improvement 9)concentration 10)management 11)consider 12)motivate 13)development 14)movement 15)discuss 16)operate 17)division

18)production 19)educate 20)repeat 1) additional 2) add 3) addition 4) addition 1) effectively 2) effect 3) effective 4) effect 1) helpful 2) help 3) helpless 4) help 5) helplessly 6) helpfully 7) helpful 1) reliant 2) reliable 3) reliance reliable

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1) 发言人（spokesman）明确表示总统在任何情况下都不会取消（cancel）这次旅行。 The spokesman made it clear that the President would not cancel the trip under any circumstances. 2) 杰克对书架上那些书一本也不了解，所以他的选择是很随意的。 Jack didn't know anything about any of the books on the bookshelf, so his choice was quite arbitrary. 3) 随后发生的那些事件再次证明了我的猜疑（suspicions）是对的。(confirm) The subsequent events confirmed my suspicions once again. 4) 我认为我们应该鼓励中学生在暑假找临时工作。 I think we should encourage high school students to find temporary jobs / employment during their summer holidays. 5) 令我们吃惊的是，这位常被赞为十分正直的州长（governor）竟然是个贪官（corrupt official）。 To our surprise, the governor who had often been praised for his honesty turned out to be a corrupt official. 6) 少数工人得到提升（be promoted），与此同时却有数百名工人被解雇。 A few workers were promoted, but meanwhile hundreds of workers were dismissed. 7) 如果有机会，约翰也许已成为一位杰出的画家了。(given) Given the chance, John might have become an outstanding painter. 8) 数小时后，有人看见那个男孩在林子里瞎转。 Several hours later, the boy was found wandering around in the woods.

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大学英语精读3课后答案.doc

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大学英语精读1--第三版--课文英汉对照.

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大学英语精读3单词

大学英语精读第三版第一册Book1 Unit1-3答案

大学英语精读3

大学英语精读三课后翻译题及答案

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大学英语精读一课后答案(完整版)

大学英语精读第三版第三册课后翻译

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