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金融学(英)课后习题答案

金融学(英)课后习题答案
金融学(英)课后习题答案

What is Money?

1. (b)

3. Cavemen did not need money. In their primitive economy, they did not specialize in

producing one type of good and they had little need to trade with other cavemen.

5. Wine is more difficult to transport than gold and is also more perishable. Gold is thus a better

store of value than wine and also leads to lower transactions cost. It is therefore a better candidate for use as money.

7. Not necessarily. Checks have the advantage in that they provide you with

receipts, are easier to keep track of, and may make it harder for someone to steal money out of your account. These advantages of checks may explain why the movement toward a checkless society has been very gradual.

8. The ranking from most liquid to least liquid is: (a), (c), (e), (f), (b), and (d).

10.Because of the rapid inflation in Brazil, the domestic currency, the real, is a

poor store of value. Thus many people would rather hold dollars, which are a better store of value, and use them in their daily shopping.

14. (a) M1, M2, and M3, (b) M2 and M3 for retail MMFs and M3 for institutional MMFs, (c) M3,

(d) M2 and M3, (e) M3, (f) M1, M2, and M3.

Understanding Interest Rates

2.No, because the present discounted value of these payments is necessarily less

than $20 million as long as the interest rate is greater than zero.

4. The yield to maturity is less than 10 percent. Only if the interest rate was less

than 10 percent would the present value of the payments add up to $4,000, which is more than the $3,000 present value in the previous problem.

6. 25% = ($1,000 – $800)/$800 = $200/$800 = .25.

8. If the interest rate were 12 percent, the present discounted value of the payments on the

government loan are necessarily less than the $1,000 loan amount because they do not start for two years. Thus the yield to maturity must be lower than 12 percent in order for the present discounted value of these payments to add up to $1,000.

10. The current yield will be a good approximation to the yield to maturity whenever the bond

price is very close to par or when the maturity of the bond is over ten years.

12. You would rather be holding long-term bonds because their price would

increase more than the price of the short-term bonds, giving them a higher return.

14.People are more likely to buy houses because the real interest rate when

purchasing a house has fallen from 3 percent (=5 percent - 2 percent) to 1 percent (= 10 percent - 9 percent). The real cost of financing the house is thus lower, even though mortgage rates have risen. (If the tax deductibility of interest payments is allowed for, then it becomes even more likely that people will buy houses.)

The Behavior of Interest Rates

1. (a) Less, because your wealth has declined; (b) more, because its relative expected return has

risen; (c) less, because it has become less liquid relative to bonds; (d) less, because its expected return has fallen relative to gold; (e) more, because it has become less risky relative to bonds.

3. (a) More, because it has become more liquid; (b) less, because it has become more risky; (c)

more, because its expected return has risen; (d) more, because its expected return has risen relative to the expected return on long-term bonds, which has declined.

5. The rise in the value of stocks would increase people’s wealth and therefore the demand for

Rembrandts would rise.

7. In the loanable funds framework, when the economy booms, the demand for

bonds increases: the public’s income and wealth rises while the supply of bonds also increases, because firms have more attractive investment opportunities. Both the supply and demand curves (B d and B s) shift to the right, but as is indicated in the text, the demand curve probably shifts less than the supply curve so the equilibrium interest rate rises. Similarly, when the economy enters a recession, both the supply and demand curves shift to the left, but the demand curve shifts less than the supply curve so that the interest rate falls. The conclusion is that interest rates rise during booms and fall during recessions: that is, interest rates are procyclical. The same answer is found with the liquidity preference framework. When the economy booms, the demand for money increases: people need more money to carry out an increased amount of transactions and also because their wealth has risen. The demand curve, M d, thus shifts to the right, raising the equilibrium interest rate.

When the economy enters a recession, the demand for money falls and the demand curve shifts to the left, lowering the equilibrium interest rate. Again, interest rates are seen to be procyclical.

10. Interest rates fall. The increased volatility of gold prices makes bonds relatively less risky

relative to gold and causes the demand for bonds to increase. The demand curve, B d, shifts to the right and the equilibrium interest rate falls.

12. Interest rates might rise. The large federal deficits require the Treasury to issue more bonds;

thus the supply of bonds increases. The supply curve, B s, shifts to the right and the equilibrium interest rate rises. Some economists believe that when the Treasury issues more bonds, the demand for bonds increases because the issue of bonds increases the public’s wealth. In this case, the demand curve, B d, also shifts to the right, and it is no longer clear that the equilibrium interest rate will rise. Thus there is some ambiguity in the answer to this question.

14. The price level effect has its maximum impact by the end of the first year, and since the price

level does not fall further, interest rates will not fall further as a result of a price level effect.

On the other hand, expected inflation returns to zero in the second year, so that the expected inflation effect returns to zero. One factor producing lower interest rates thus disappears, so, in the second year, interest rates may rise somewhat from their low point at the end of the second year.

16. If the public believes the president’s program will be successful, interest rates

will fall. The president’s announcement will lower expected inflation so that the expected return on goods decreases relative to bonds. The demand for bonds increases and the demand curve, B d, shifts to the right. For a given

nominal interest rate, the lower expected inflation means that the real interest rate has risen, raising the cost of borrowing so that the supply of bonds falls.

The resulting leftward shift of the supply curve, B s, and the rightward shift of the demand curve, B d, causes the equilibrium interest rate to fall.

18. Interest rates will rise. The expected increase in stock prices raises the expected return on

stocks relative to bonds and so the demand for bonds falls. The demand curve, B d, shifts to the left and the equilibrium interest rate rises.

20. The slower rate of money growth will lead to a liquidity effect, which raises interest rates,

while the lower price level, income, and inflation rates in the future will tend to lower interest rates. There are three possible scenarios for what will happen: (a) if the liquidity effect is larger than the other effects, then interest rates will rise; (b) if the liquidity effect is smaller than the other effects and expected inflation adjusts slowly, then interest rates will rise at first but will eventually fall below their initial level; and (c) if the liquidity effect is smaller than the expected inflation effect and there is rapid adjustment of expected inflation, then interest rates will immediately fall.

The Risk and Term Structure of Interest Rates

1. The bond with a C rating should have a higher interest rate because it has a higher default risk,

which reduces its demand and raises its interest rate relative to that on the Baa bond.

3. During business cycle booms, fewer corporations go bankrupt and there is less default risk on

corporate bonds, which lowers their risk premium. Similarly, during recessions, default risk on corporate bonds increases and their risk premium increases. The risk premium on corporate bonds is thus anticyclical, rising during recessions and falling during booms.

5. If yield curves on average were flat, this would suggest that the risk premium on long-term

relative to short-term bonds would equal zero and we would be more willing to accept the expectations hypothesis.

7. (a) The yield to maturity would be 5 percent for a one-year bond, 5.5 percent

for a two-year bond, 6 percent for a three-year bond, 6 percent for a four-year bond, and 5.8 percent for a five-year bond; (b) the yield to maturity would be

5 percent for a one-year bond, 4.5 percent for a two-year bond, 4 percent for a

three-year bond, 4 percent for a four-year bond, and 4.2 percent for a five-year bond. The upward- and then downward-sloping yield curve in (a) would tend to be even more upward sloping if people preferred short-term bonds over long-term bonds because long-term bonds would then have a positive risk premium. The downward- and then upward-sloping yield curve in (b) also would tend to be more upward sloping because of the positive risk premium for long-term bonds.

9. The steep upward-sloping yield curve at shorter maturities suggests that short-term interest

rates are expected to rise moderately in the near future because the initial, steep upward slope indicates that the average of expected short-term interest rates in the near future are above the current short-term interest rate. The downward slope for longer maturities indicates that short-term interest rates are eventually expected to fall sharply. With a positive risk premium on long-term bonds, as in the preferred habitat theory, a downward slope of the yield curve occurs only if the average of expected short-term interest rates is declining, which occurs only if short-term interest rates far into the future are falling. Since interest rates and expected inflation move together, the yield curve suggests that the market expects inflation to rise moderately in the near future but fall later on.

11. The government guarantee will reduce the default risk on corporate bonds,

making them more desirable relative to Treasury securities. The increased demand for corporate bonds and decreased demand for Treasury securities will lower interest rates on corporate bonds and raise them on Treasury bonds. 13. Abolishing the tax-exempt feature of municipal bonds would make them less

desirable relative to Treasury bonds. The resulting decline in the demand for municipal bonds and increase in demand for Treasury bonds would raise the interest rates on municipal bonds, while the interest rates on Treasury bonds would fall.

15. The slope of the yield curve would fall because the drop in expected future short rates means

that the average of expected future short rates falls so that the long rate falls.

The Stock Market, the Theory of Rational Expectations, and the Efficient Market Hypothesis

1. The value of any investment is found by computing the value today of all cash

flows the investment will generate over its life.

3. $1/(1+ .15) + $20/(1+.15) = $18.26

5. A stock market bubble can occur if market participants either believe that dividends will have

rapid growth or if they substantially lower the required return on their equity investments, thus lowering the denominator in the Gordon model and thereby causing stock prices to climb. By raising interest rates the central bank can cause the required rate of return on equity to rise, thereby keeping stock prices from climbing as much. Also raising interest rates may help slow the expected growth rate of the economy and hence of dividends, thus also keeping stock prices from climbing.

7. Although Joe’s expectations are typically quite accurate, they could still be

improved by his taking account of a snowfall in his forecasts. Since his expectations could be improved, they are not optimal and hence are not rational expectations.

9. True, as an approximation. If large changes in a stock price could be predicted, then the

optimal forecast of the stock return would not equal the equilibrium return for that stock. In this case, there would be unexploited profit opportunities in the market and expectations would not be rational. Very small changes in stock prices could be predictable, however, and the optimal forecast of returns would equal the equilibrium return. In this case, an unexploited profit opportunity would not exist.

11. The stock price will rise. Even though the company is suffering a loss, the price of the stock

reflects an even larger expected loss. When the loss is less than expected, efficient markets theory then indicates that the stock price will rise.

13. Probably not. Although your broker has done well in the past, efficient markets theory

suggests that she has probably been lucky. Unless you believe that your broker has better information than the rest of the market, efficient markets theory indicates that you cannot expect the broker to beat the market in the future.

15. False. All that is required for the market to be efficient so that prices reflect information on the

monetary aggregates is that some market participants eliminate unexploited profit opportunities. Not everyone in a market has to be knowledgeable for the market to be efficient.

17. Because inflation is less than expected, expectations of future short-term interest rates would

be lowered, and as we learned in Chapter 7, long-term interest rates would fall. The decline in long-term interest rates implies that long-term bond prices would rise.

19. No, because this expected change in the value of the dollar would imply that

there is a huge unexploited profit opportunity (over a 100% expected return at an annual rate). Since rational expectations rules out unexploited profit opportunities, such a big expected change in the exchange rate could not exist.

An Economic Analysis of Financial Structure

1. Financial intermediaries can take advantage of economies of scale and thus lower transactions

costs. For example, mutual funds take advantage of lower commissions because the scale of their purchases i s higher than for an individual, while banks’ large scale allows them to keep legal and computing costs per transaction low. Economies of scale which help financial intermediaries lower transactions costs explains why financial intermediaries exist and are so important to the economy.

3. No. If the lender knows as much about the borrower as the borrower does,

then the lender is able to screen out the good from the bad credit risks and so adverse selection will not be a problem. Similarly, if the lender knows what the borrower is up to, then moral hazard will not be a problem because the lender can easily stop the borrower from engaging in moral hazard.

5. The lemons problem would be less severe for firms listed on the New York

Stock Exchange because they are typically larger corporations that are better known in the market place. Therefore it is easier for investors to get information about them and figure out whether the firm is of good quality or is

a lemon. This makes the adverse selection–lemons problem less severe.

7. Because there is asymmetric information and the free-rider problem, not enough information

is available in financial markets. Thus there is a rationale for the government to encourage information production through regulation so that it is easier to screen out good from bad borrowers, thereby reducing the adverse selection problem. The government can also help reduce moral hazard and improve the performance of financial markets by enforcing standard accounting principles and prosecuting fraud.

9. Yes, this is an example of an adverse selection problem. Because a person is rich, the people

who are most likely to want to marry him or her are gold diggers. Rich people thus may want to be extra careful to screen out those who are just interested in their money from those who want to marry for love.

11. The free-rider problem means that private producers of information will not obtain the full

benefit of their information-producing activities, and so less information will be produced.

This means that there will be less information collected to screen out good from bad risks, making adverse selection problems worse, and that there will be less monitoring of borrowers, increasing the moral hazard problem.

13. A financial crisis is more likely to occur when the economy is experiencing deflation because

firms find that their real burden of indebtedness is increasing while there is no increase in the real value of their assets. The resulting decline in a firm’s net worth increases adverse selection and moral hazard problems facing lenders, making it more likely a financial crisis will occur in which financial markets do not work efficiently to get funds to firms with productive investment opportunities.

15. A sharp increase in interest rates can increase the adverse selection problem dramatically

because individuals and firms with the riskiest investment projects are the ones who are most willing to pay higher interest rates. A sharp rise in interest rates which increases adverse selection means that lenders will be more reluctant to lend, leading to a financial crisis in which financial markets do not work well and thus to a declining economy.

Banking and the Management of Financial Institutions

1. Because if the bank borrows too frequently from the Fed, the Fed may restrict its ability to

borrow in the future.

3. The T-accounts for the two banks are as follows:

First National Bank Second National Bank

Assets Liabilities Assets Liabilities

5. The $50 million deposit outflow means that reserves fall by $50 million to $25 million. Since

required reserves are $45 million (10 percent of the $450 million of deposits), your bank needs to acquire $20 million of reserves. You could obtain these reserves by either calling in or selling off $20 million of loans, by borrowing $20 million in discount loans from the Fed, by borrowing $20 million from other banks or corporations, by selling $20 million of securities, or by some combination of all of these.

7. Because when a deposit outflow occurs, a bank is able to borrow reserves in

these overnight loan markets quickly; thus, it does not need to acquire reserves at a high cost by calling in or selling off loans. The presence of overnight loan markets thus reduces the costs associated with deposit outflows, so banks will hold fewer excess reserves.

9. To lower capital and raise ROE holding its assets constant, it can pay out more dividends or

buy back some of its shares. Alternatively, it can keep its capital constant, but increase the amount of its assets by acquiring new funds and then seeking out new loan business or purchasing more securities with these new funds.

11. In order for a banker to reduce adverse selection she must screen out good from bad credit

risks by learning all she can about potential borrowers. Similarly in order to minimize moral hazard, she must continually monitor borrowers to ensure that they are complying with restrictive loan covenants. Hence it pays for the banker to be nosy.

13. False. Although diversification is a desirable strategy for a bank, it may still

make sense for a bank to specialize in certain types of lending. For example, a bank may have developed expertise in screening and monitoring a particular kind of loan, thus improving its ability to handle problems of adverse selection and moral hazard.

15. The gap is $10 million ($30 million of rate-sensitive assets minus $20 million

of rate-sensitive liabilities). The change in bank profits from the interest rate rise is +0.5 million (5% ? $10 million); the interest rate risk can be reduced by increasing rate-sensitive liabilities to $30 million or by reducing rate-sensitive assets to $20 million. Alternatively, you could engage in an interest rate swap in which you swap the interest on $10 million of rate-sensitive assets for the interest on another bank’s $10 million of fixed-rate assets.

国际金融学课后题答案

Chapter 1: Keeping Up With a Changing World-Trade Flows, Capital Flows, and the Balance Of Payments I. Chapter Overview The chapter begins by discussing on the importance of international economic integration, citing recent current events that demonstrate the widely varying opinions of the advantages and disadvantages of international trade and finance. The chapter sets the stage to logically examine these opinions and stresses the need to begin by understanding how international transactions are measured. The second section of the chapter defines the broad concept of globalization which includes increased market integration, the expansion of world governance, and the increased mobility of people and information; and the narrow focus of economic integration, which refers to the strengthening of existing and creation of new international linkages. The chapter then proceeds to distinguish the real and financial sectors that link the world's economies. Historical data are presented to give a sense of the growth of world trade and transactions in global financial markets during the past few decades. In the third section of the chapter, international balance of payments accounting is described in terms of a double entry bookkeeping system. The components of each of the three major accounts, (1) the current account, (2) the private capital account, and (3) the official settlements balance, are discussed in detail. The usage of the terms balance of payments deficit and balance of payments surplus are equated to a positive official settlements balance and a negative official settlements balance respectively, as distinct from the term overall balance of payments which must be zero by construction. The next section provides a series of concrete examples of international transactions and the ways that these impact the balance of payments accounts. The examples used are: (1) The importation of an automobile, which registers as a debit under current account merchandise and a credit under capital flows in the category of foreign assets in the U.S. (2) The services consumed by a student who travels abroad, which registers as a debit under current account services, and a credit under capital flows in the category of foreign assets in the U.S. (3) The purchase of a domestic treasury bill by a foreign resident, which registers as a credit under capital flows as a foreign asset in the U.S., and as a debit under capital flows as a U.S. asset abroad. (4) The payment of interest by the U.S. on a foreign-held asset, which registers as debit under current account income and a credit under capital inflows in the foreign assets in the U.S. category. (5) The provision of humanitarian aid abroad by a U.S. charitable organizations in the form of a donation of wheat, which registers as a credit in the current account merchandise category, and a debit in the unilateral transfers category.

货币金融学考试复习题及参考答案

中南大学现代远程教育课程考试复习题及参考答 案 《货币金融学》 一.单项选择题 1.信用起源于( ) A、商品交换 B、货币流通 C、生产社会化 D、私有制 2.在信用关系的价值运动中,货币执行的职能是( ) A、价值尺度 B、流通手段 C、支付手段 D、储藏手段 3.美国同业拆借市场也称( ) A、 贴现市场 B、 承兑市场 C、 联邦基金市场 D、 外汇交易市场 4.资本市场是指( ) A、短期市场 B、一级市场 C、发行市场 D、长期市场 5.劣币是指实际价值( )的货币 A、等于零 B、等于名义价值 C、高于名义价值 D、低于名义价值 6.( )是提供金融服务和产品的企业。 A、金融市场 B、金融体系 C、金融中介 D、金融工具

7.货币市场交易与资本市场交易相比较,具有( )的特点。 A、期限短 B、流动性低 C、收益率高 D、风险大 8.同业拆借市场是金融机构之间为( )而相互融通的市场。 A、减少风险 B、提高流动性 C、增加收入 D、调剂短期资金余缺 9.政策性金融机构是( )的金融机构。 A、与商业银行没有区别 B、不以营利为目的 C、由政府支持不完全以营利为目的 E、 代表国家财 10.本位货币是指( ) A、一个国家货币制度规定的标准货币 B、本国货币当局发行的货币 C、以黄金为基础的货币 D、可以与黄金兑换的货币 11.由政府或政府金融机构确定并强令执行的利率是() A、公定利率 B、一般利率 C、官定利率 F、固定利率 12.信托最突出的特征是对信托财产()的分割 A、使用权 B、租赁权 C、所有权 D、代理权 13.世界上第一家现代银行――英格兰银行产生于() A、1690年 B、1694年 C、1580年 D、1587年 14.金融监管按大类分可分为证券、保险、()等监管机构 A、信托

(完整版)国际金融学试题及参考答案(免费)

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国际金融学试题和答案Last revision on 21 December 2020

第一章 2.国际收支总差额是( D ) A.经常账户差额与资本账户差额之和 B.经常账户差额与长期资本账户差额之和 C.资本账户差额与金融账户差额之和 D.经常账户差额、资本账户差额、金融账户差额、净差错与遗漏四项之和 13.国际收支是统计学中的一个( B ) A.存量概念 B.流量概念 C.衡量概念 D.变量概念 15.本国居民因购买和持有国外资产而获得的利润、股息及利息应记入( A ) A.经常账户 B.资本账户 C.金融账户 D.储备资产账户 1.按照《国际收支手册》第五版的定义,IMF判断个人居民的标准是( D ) A.国籍标准 B.时间标准 C.法律标准 D.住所标准 2.保险费记录在经常项目中的( B ) A.货物 B.服务 C.收益 D.经常转移 2.广义国际收支建立的基础是( C ) A.收付实现制 B.国际交易制 C.权责发生制 D.借贷核算制

1.国际收支平衡表的实际核算与编制过程,没有完全按照复式借贷记账法去做,由此导致了平衡表中什么项目的产生( D ) A.经常项目 B.资产项目 C.平衡项目 D.错误与遗漏 2.政府贷款及出口信贷记录在金融账户中的哪一个项目( D ) A.直接投资 B.间接投资 C.证券投资 D.其他投资 1.我国企业在香港发行股票所筹集的资金应记入国际收支平衡表的( C ) A.经常账户 B.资本账户 C.金融账户 D.储备账户 2.我国国际收支平衡表中经常账户的借方记录( C ) A.商品的进出口额100万元 B.好莱坞电影大片的进口额20万美元 C.对外经济援助50万美元 D.外国人到中国旅游支出2万美元 16.我国某企业获得外国汽车专利的使用权。该项交易应记入国际收支平衡表的 ( B ) A.贸易收支 B.服务收支 C.经常转移收支 D.收入收支 13.政府间的经济与军事援助记录在(A) A.经常账户B.资本账户 C.金融账户D.储备资产账户 28.国际收支差额等于经常账户差额加上资本与金融账户差额。( F ) 四、简答题(本大题共5小题,每小题6分,共30分) 28.经常项目的差额有什么经济内涵

《金融学》课后习题答案

CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS FINANCE? Objectives ?Define finance. ?Explain why finance is worth studying. ?Introduce the main players in the world of finance—households and firms—and the kinds of financial decisions they make. Outline 1.1 Defining Finance 1.2 Why Study Finance? 1.3 Financial Decisions of Households 1.4 Financial Decisions of Firms 1.5 Forms of Business Organization 1.6 Separation of Ownership and Management 1.7 The Goal of Management 1.8 Market Discipline: Takeovers 1.9 The Role of the Finance Specialist in a Corporation Summary Finance is the study of how to allocate scarce resources over time. The two features that distinguish finance are that the costs and benefits of financial decisions are spread out over time and are usually not known with certainty in advance by either the decision-maker or anybody else. A basic tenet of finance is that the ultimate function of the system is to satisfy people’s consumption preferences. Economic organizations such as firms and governments exist in order to facilitate the achievement of that ultimate function. Many financial decisions can be made strictly on the basis of improving the tradeoffs available to people without knowledge of their consumption preferences. There are at least five good reasons to study finance: ?To manage your personal resources. ?To deal with the world of business. ?To pursue interesting and rewarding career opportunities. ?To make informed public choices as a citizen.

国际金融学试题和答案免费

国际金融学试题和答案 免费 TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】

一、单项选择题 1、目前,世界各国普遍使用的国际收支概念是建立在( B )基础上的。 A、收支 B、交易 C、现金 D、贸易 2、在国际收支平衡表中,借方记录的是( B )。 A、资产的增加和负债的增加 B、资产的增加和负债的减少 C、资产的减少和负债的增加 D、资产的减少和负债的减少 3、在一国的国际收支平衡表中,最基本、最重要的项目是( A )。 A、经常账户 B、资本账户 C、错误与遗漏 D、官方储备 4、经常账户中,最重要的项目是( A )。 A、贸易收支 B、劳务收支 C、投资收益 D、单方面转移 5、投资收益属于( A )。 A、经常账户 B、资本账户 C、错误与遗漏 D、官方储备 6、对国际收支平衡表进行分析,方法有很多。对某国若干连续时期的国际收支平 衡表进行分析的方法是( B )。 A、静态分析法 B、动态分析法 C、比较分析法 D、综合分析法 7、周期性不平衡是由( D )造成的。 A、汇率的变动 B、国民收入的增减 C、经济结构不合理 D、经济周期的更替 8、收入性不平衡是由( B )造成的。 A、货币对内价值的变化 B、国民收入的增减 C、经济结构不合理 D、经济周期的更替 9、用( A )调节国际收支不平衡,常常与国内经济的发展发生冲突。 A、财政货币政策 B、汇率政策 C、直接管制 D、外汇缓冲政策 10、以下国际收支调节政策中( D )能起到迅速改善国际收支的作用。 A、财政政策 B、货币政策 C、汇率政策 D、直接管制 11、对于暂时性的国际收支不平衡,我们应用( B )使其恢复平衡。

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