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雅思考试阅读模拟试题

雅思考试阅读模拟试题
雅思考试阅读模拟试题

雅思考试阅读模拟试题

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★new weapon to fight cancer

1. British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way

to fight cancer,which kills tumours by infecting them with viruses like the

common cold.

2. If successful,virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar

alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer,

while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects.

3. Leonard Seymour,a professor of gene therapy at Oxford University,who

has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the US,will

lead the trials later this year. Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was

excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques.

4. One of the country's leading geneticists,Prof Seymour has been working

with viruses that kill cancer cells directly,while avoiding harm to healthy

tissue. "In principle,you've got something which could be many times more

effective than regular chemotherapy," he said.

5. Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the

body's local immune system. "If a cancer doesn't do that,the immune system

wipes it out. If you can get a virus into a tumour,viruses find them a very

good place to be because there's no immune system to stop them replicating. You

can regard it as the cancer's Achilles' heel."

6. Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer. "They

replicate,you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they

infect the tumour cells adjacent and repeat the process," said Prof Seymour.

7. Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumours

resistant to standard cancer drugs. "It's an interesting possibility that they

may have an advantage in killing drug-resistant tumours,which could be quite

different to anything we've had before."

8. Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumour cells

and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals.

American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumours but

this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread

throughout the body.

9. Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body's

immune system,effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do

- spread through the blood and reach tumours wherever they are. The big hurdle

has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumours via the bloodstream

without the body's immune system destroying them on the way.

10. "What we've done is make chemical modifications to the virus to put a

polymer coat around it - it's a stealth virus when you inject it," he said.

11. After the stealth virus infects the tumour,it replicates,but the

copies do not have the chemical modifications. If they escape from the tumour,

the copies will be quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune

system.

13. Two viruses are likely to be examined in the first clinical trials:

adenovirus,which normally causes a cold-like illness,and vaccinia,which

causes cowpox and is also used in the vaccine against

smallpox. For safety

reasons,both will be disabled to make them less pathogenic in the trial,but

Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to use natural viruses.

14. The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and vaccinia and will be

delivered locally to liver tumours,in order to establish whether the treatment

is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be needed. Several more years of

trials will be needed,eventually also on the polymer-coated viruses,before the

therapy can be considered for use in the NHS. Though the approach will be

examined at first for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments,

Prof Seymour hopes that one day it might be applied to all cancers.(665

words)

Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given

in the reading passage? For questions 1-6 write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement

contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the

passage

1.Virus therapy,if successful,has an advantage in eliminating

side-effects.

2.Cancer Research UK is quite hopeful about Professor Seymour‘s work on the

virus therapy.

3.Virus can kill cancer cells and stop them from growing again.

4.Cancer‘s Achilles’heel refers to the fact that virus may stay safely in

a tumor and replicate.

5.To infect the cancer cells, a good deal of viruses should be injected

into the tumor.

6.Researches on animals indicate that virus could be used as a new way to

treat drug-resistant tumors.

Question 7-9

Based on the reading passage,choose the appropriate letter from A-D for

each answer.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/c84470060.html,rmation about researches on viruses killing tumor cells can be

found(A) on TV(B) in magazines(C) on internet(D) in newspapers

8.To treat tumors spreading out in body,researchers try to(A) change the

body‘immune system(B) inject chemotherapy drugs into bloodstream.(C) increase

the amount of injection(D) disguise the viruses on the way to tumors.

9.When the chemical modified virus in tumor replicates,the copies(A) will

soon escape from the tumor and spread out.(B) will be wiped out by the body‘s

immune system.(C) will be immediately recognized by the researchers.(D) will

eventually stop the tumor from spreading out.

Questions 10-13

Complete the sentences below. Choose your answers from the list of words.

You can only use each word once.

NB There are more words in the list than spaces so you will not use them

all.

In the first clinical trials,scientists will try to ……10……adenovirus and

vaccinia,so both the viruses will be less pathogenic than the ……11……。These

uncoated viruses will be applied directly to certain areas to confirm safety on

human beings and the right ……12……needed. The experiments will firstly be

……13……to the treatment of certain cancers

List of Words dosage responding smallpox virus disable natural ones inject

directed treatment cold-like illness kill patients examined Answers Keys:

1.答案:FALSE (见第2段:If successful,virus therapy could eventually form a third

pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against

cancer,while avoiding some of the debilitating side-effects. Virus therapy

只能避免一些副作用,而不是根除。)

2.答案:TRUE (见第3段,特别是最后一句:Cancer Research UK said yesterday that it was

excited by the potential of Prof Seymour's pioneering techniques. )

4. 答案:TRUE (见第5段第3、4句:这里“cancer‘s Achilles' heel”指“If you can get a virus

into a tumour,viruses find them a very good place to be because there's no

immune system to stop them replicating.”Achilles' heel 的意思是“致命弱点”)

5. 答案:FALSE (见第6段第第1句:Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the

cancer.)

6. 答案:TRUE (见第7段:Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work

well on tumours resistant to standard cancer drug. ……,which could be quite

different to anything we've had before." )

7. 答案:B (见第8段第1、2句:Researchers have known for some time that viruses can

kill tumour cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in

scientific journals. Journal意思是“日报、期刊、杂志”)

8. 答案:D (见第9段第1句:Prof Seymour's innovative solution is to mask the virus

from the body's immune system,……“mask”的意思是“掩盖、隐蔽、伪装”,在这里和“disguise”同义。)

9. 答案:B (见第11段第2句:If they escape from the tumour,the copies will be

quickly recognised and mopped up by the body's immune system……“mop up”这里与“wipe

out”同义,意思是“消灭、歼灭”。)

10.答案:disable (见第13段最后1句:For safety reasons,both will be disabled to make

them less pathogenic in the trial,but Prof Seymour said he eventually hopes to

use natural viruses. )

11. 答案:natural ones (见第13段最后1句:For safety reasons,both will be disabled to

make them less pathogenic in the trial,but Prof Seymour said he eventually

hopes to use natural viruses. )

12. 答案:dosage (见第14段第1句:The first trials will use uncoated adenovirus and

vaccinia and will be delivered locally to liver tumours,in order to establish

whether the treatment is safe in humans and what dose of virus will be

needed.)

13. 答案:directed (见第14段最后1句:Though the approach will be examined at first

for cancers that do not respond to conventional treatments,…)

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2019年雅思阅读模拟试题:流程图题(1)

2019年雅思阅读模拟试题:流程图题(1) BAKELITE The birth of modern plastics In 1907, Leo Hendrick Baekeland, a Belgian scientist working in New York, discovered and patented a revolutionary new synthetic material. His invention, which he named 'Bakelite,’was of enormous technological importance, and effectively launched the modern plastics industry. The term 'plastic' comes from the Greek plassein, meaning 'to mould'. Some plastics are derived from natural sources, some are semi-synthetic (the result of chemical action on a natural substance), and some are entirely synthetic, that is, chemically engineered from the constituents of coal or oil. Some are 'thermoplastic', which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped. Others are 'thermosetting': like eggs, they cannot revert to their original viscous state, and their shape is thus fixed for ever. Bakelite had the distinction of being the first totally synthetic thermosetting plastic. The history of today's plastics begins with the discovery of a series of semi-synthetic thermoplastic materials in the mid-nineteenth century. The impetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by a number of factors—immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry, coupled with wider cultural changes, and the pragmatic need to find acceptable substitutes for dwindling supplies of 'luxury' materials such as tortoiseshell and ivory.

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