研究生英语阅读教程中高级本UNIT1翻译

Why Mom Gets Roses,and Dad a Collect Call

母亲收到玫瑰花，而父亲却接到付费电话，

这是为什么呢？

Americans celebrate both Mother's Day and Father's ,the gifts fathers and mothers receive from their children on these two occasions are different. The article explores what is behind the difference.

美国人庆祝母亲节和父亲节。然而，在节日里，父亲和母亲收到孩子们送的礼物却是不同的。这篇文章就是来探究这种差异背后的奥妙。

Let’s face it: there’s something about a silk tie that strangles sentiment.

让我们面对这样一个事实：一条真丝领带其实蕴含着某些情感纠葛。

Whereas May overflows with tender tokens for mon measured by the 150 million greeting cards and the wirejamming long-distance telephone calls-dear old dad generally will make do with much less this Sunday. As many dads know, Father’s Day is the day for collect call-and for proudly modeling a new glow-in-the-dark football tie.

五月份里，到处充满着为母亲准备的各种温馨礼物，相比之下，

在这个星期天，可怜的父亲则只能凑合着接收到150万个贺卡和显得拥堵的长途电话。就像大多数父亲所知道的，父亲节是电话费最多的一天，但是他们也会骄傲地在一个暗暗的角落里摆弄收到的古怪领带。

Even if dads don’t mind, the father’s day/mother’s day discrepancy nonetheless speaks to society’s views on parenthood and fathers’ role in raising children. “The ‘gag gifts’ associated with Father’s Day reflect the profound ambivalence that our culture feels about emotional connections to fathers, ”says Scott Coltrane, a sociolgist at the University of California at Riverside.

虽然父亲们并不介意，但母亲节与父亲节之间的巨大差异也说明了社会如何看待父母，以及父亲在抚养子女方面所扮演的角色。父亲节里滑稽的礼物反映了对于和父亲的情感联系方面，我们文化态度上的深层矛盾，加州大学河畔分校的社会学家Scott Coltrane 如是说。

Glenn Bridges of wellford, . ,has a sentimental side, but he acknowledges he isn’t completely comfortable showing it on Father’s Day. Growing up, he saw his dad as a more distant, almost heroic figure.

来自南卡莱罗纳州wellford的Glenn Bridges，虽然有些情绪化，但是他坦承他不会把他的这种不自在在父亲节这天表现出来。因为从小到大，他一直视他的父亲是一位遥远的英雄形象。

As an adult. He says, “I’ve seen a more affectionate side to hin . But even so, I tend to get him a humorous card and a more practical gift.”

作为一名成年人，他说“虽如此，我对他的态度已经较之以前有了很大改观，我打算给他买个巨大的贺卡和一个实用些的礼物”。

Still, times are changing, and attitudes toward fathers are changing along with them. Mr. Bridges, for example, is himself a father, having custody of his three sons.

随着时间的改变，对父亲的态度也随之发生变化。例如，Mr. Bridges他自己就一个已经需要照顾三个孩子的父亲。

“It’s Father’s Day year-round for me,” says Bridges, who doesn’t care what he gets this Sunday. He frequently tucks letters in his boy’s backpacks telling them how proud he is of them.

Mr. Bridges说道：“我整年里每天都是父亲节。”他并不介意这个周末他得到什么。他经常将信藏在他孩子的背包里告诉他们他以他们为骄傲。

Lately, his youngest son has been returning the favor, hiding homemade drawings and notes saying, “I love you, Daddy” in Bridges’s briefcase. “That’s better than Hallmark,” Bridges chuckl es.

最近，他的小儿子将写着“我爱你，老爸”的课堂作业藏在了他

的公文包里，以作为得到赞许的回应。Mr. Bridges说：“那比买卡片好多了。”

As men like Bridges take more active roles in their children’s lives, Father’s Day might move up in the holiday pantheon.

像Mr. Bridges这样的男人，在孩子生活中起如此积极作用，在万神殿里，父亲节的地位应该得到提升。

Ralph LaRossa, a professor at Georgia State University and author of “The Modernization of Fatherhood,”cautions drawing parallels between “the culture of fatherhood and the conduct of fathers.”

Ralph LaRossa《现代父权》的作者，细致地将父权文化与父权行为进行了比较。

But how Americans celebrate fatherhood may catch up with today’s dads, others say. “Gender roles and gender behavior are changing all the time,” says Frederic Brunel, associate professor of marking at Boston University School of Management.

但是，也有人说，美国人庆祝父权已经与今天的老爸们并驾齐驱了，Frederic Brunel说：“性别角色与性别行为是随着时间的改变而改变。”

There are some signs that may be happening. Hallmark's wares feature fewer dads befuddled by diaper changes and more

straight-faced sentiment. Boston's Bella santé spa recommends pampering pop with a manicure or facial and 911 offers tranquility fountains and European soaps. The top sellers, however, are a money clip, a pocket tool and a hand-cranked radio/light, proving that shopping for dad still comes down to “ties and tools,” as Mr. Brunel puts it.

这里有一些可能正在发生的标志。Hallmark的商品很少考虑那些被尿布的变化弄糊涂的父亲，更多的是直观的感情表达。波士顿的Bella Sunte 温泉疗养地，推出了一种无微不至的项目，包括修指甲、美容以及提供的安宁喷泉和欧洲香皂。但是最畅销的还是钱夹、工具包和手拧收音机（或灯）。这证明了Brunel先生所说的，买给父亲的礼物始终还是那些领带工具之类。

Indeed, Americans' tendency to shy away from sentiment when it comes to their fathers is one explanation for the 10 million ties being handed out this Sunday-to say nothing of the scores of soap-on-a-rope and state-of-the-art pooper scoopers(for ergonomic walks with Rover) being gift-wrapped this weekend as symbols of filial piety.

事实上，美国人在面对父亲的时候有羞于表达感情的倾向，这也解释了为什么这个星期天会有上千万条领带被送出---更不用说许多系着绳子的香皂和最新型的长柄粪铲（符合人体工学，适合散步者）在这个周末被包装送出作为子女孝道的象征。

Father's Day, first proposed in 1910, has played second violin to Mother’s Day throughout the 20th century. “There's a sacredness attached to motherhood that we don't attach to fatherhood,” says Mr. Lacrosse.

父亲节在1910年被首次提出后，在整个20世纪一直处于比居母亲节低的次要地位。“有一种神圣的感觉附着在母性上，这种感觉在父性上，我们却没有。（把母亲放在神圣的位置，而却不那么崇敬父亲）”LaRossa先生说。

That comes through in the hoopla surrounding the two holidays. Dads got 95 million cards last year to moms' 150 according to AT&T, while father's day registers the most collect calls. And moms got six times more posies in 1998 than did her parenting counterpart, according to an FTD survey.

这来自于围绕这两个节日的讨论。去年父亲们收到9千5百万张贺卡而母亲们收到1亿5千万张。据AT&T调查，母亲节是美国接电话最多的一天，而父亲节是注册对方付费电话最多的一天。而根据FTD的调查，在1998年妈妈们收到的花朵是与她们相应的抚养同伴们收到的6倍。

Also while both holiday were created at the beginning of the century，Mother’s Day was signed into law in 1914，while Father’s Day didn't become an official celebration until 1972.

并且，虽然这两个节日都是在20世纪创立的，母亲节在1914年

被写入法律的，而父亲节则是在1972年。

That’s not to say Americans don’t want to do right by their dads. Elizabeth Stump of Castro Valley, Calif., for one, says both holidays are “equally important” to her. Last year, she bought her dad a plane ticket to come and visit. But that, is partly because her father spent three years as a stay-at-home dad in the 1970s-‘long before it was fashionable。’这并不是说，美国人不想公平对待他们的父亲。拿Stump来说，她认为对她来说这两个节日是‘一样重要’。据她说因为在19世纪70年代她父亲三年都在家里，去年，她为她父亲买了一张双程机票，那时还不流行双程机票。

In general, she says, because ‘mom deals with more of the nitty-gritty of daily life, children know their mother better.’总之，她说因为‘母亲料理日常的琐事多，子女也更了解他们的母亲。’

Father’s Day，like most holiday, harks back to tradition---in this case, the era when dads were sole breadwinners.

像大多数节日一样，父亲节，在这种情况下，回想过去，父亲在赚钱。

In that tradition,"when dad needs something,he goes and gets it,"says culture commentator Robert Thompson in Syracuse,.

So when it's time to buy him a gift,"all that's left is stuff he didn't really want."The question becomes,what do you get for the guy who has everything?

在那个年代，“当父亲需要什么，他自己就会去买，”来自纽约锡拉丘兹的文化学者罗伯特·汤普森说道。因此，到了给父亲买礼物的时候，“所有的东西都不是他真正想要的。”于是，让人为难的是，你能给一个什么都不缺的人买什么呢？

Choosing the right gift "can be a minefield,"says Brunel."It's not the gift that 's not really the thought that counts,either,"he have to find a gift that says,"Hey,dad,I really understand who you are and this is a symbol of our relationship."

选择一份合适的礼物是一件很难的事，布鲁内尔这样说。“礼物不重要，想法也非关键，”他补充道。你最好是先买一份礼物，然后对他说：“嗨，老爸，您很辛苦了，我爱您。”

Moreover,some dads have trouble switching roles from giver to receiver.

此外，一些父亲很难适应从付出者到接受者之间的转变。

"I tell my kids,'You don't have to get me anything,'"says Rick Flynn of Saugus, philosophy is,"Let me take care of you.""But at the same time,"he admits,"I'm thinking,'Gee,I hope I get that drill.'"

来自索格斯的瑞克·弗林说：“我告诉孩子们，不要给我买什么东西，”。他的理念是，“让我来照顾你。”不过他也承认，“当孩子们给我礼物时，我心想‘吉，其实我希望拥有那把钻子。’”

Some cultural experts say the expanding definition of "father" may also raise the profile of dad's special ,one-third of all Father's Day cards are send to men other than dads."The need for Father's Day may become greater"as a way to honor stepfathers,grandfathers,and other men who have stepped in to fill a father's shoes,says ."It might end up putting more juice into the holiday."

一些文化专家指出，“父亲”的扩大定义也可能提升父亲节的形象。如今，有三分之一的父亲节卡片被送给不是父亲的人。作为一种尊敬继父、祖父和那些充当父亲角色的人的方式，父亲节的需求会越来越大，汤普森先生指出。“这可能会给父亲节增添不少色彩。”

But until that happens,Brunel says,"We're still going to see a lot of ties."

但在那发生之前，“我们将仍然会看到很多领带。”布鲁内尔说道。

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既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。 2）能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。 2.题型： 1)多项选择题（包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题） 2)简答题（要求根据所阅读的文章，用3-5行字数的有限篇幅扼要回答问题，重点考查阅读综述能力） 3.选材 本部分题材广泛，体裁多样，选材体现时代性、实用性；重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力；对阅读速度有一定要求。 III.英语写作 1.要求： 能根据所给题目及要求撰写一篇400词左右的记叙文、说明文或议论文。要求语言通顺，用词得体，结构合理，文体恰当。 2.题型：命题作文 《翻译硕士英语》考试内容一览表 参考书目：张汉熙主编：《高级英语》（第三版1-2册），外语教学与研究出版社，2011年。 声明：此资源由本人收集整理于网络只用于交流学习。如有侵权请联系删除处理。

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Lesson 8 IV. Translation Put the following into Chinese. 1. Every war has had its songs that whipped up patriotic fervor or, in the case of the Vietnam War that encouraged protest against it. 每场战争都有自己的歌曲来唤起人们的爱国热情或者如在越南战争中鼓励人们反战。 2. The idea is to take a song that people like or that has particular meaning or emotional association for them and use it with new words, hoping that some of the liking, meaning, or emotional associations will transfer to the new ideas being communicated. And it often works. 改词是把一首人们喜爱或者对他们具有特殊意义或感情色彩的歌曲填上新词，希望把这种喜爱、意义或感情色彩带到正在传播的新观念中。通常这种方法很奏效。 3 As a result, a number of community and national groups have applied pressure on stations to keep these songs and performers off the air. These charges also stimulated investigations by the Federal Communications Commission, the regulatory agency charged with overseeing broadcast practices. 结果一些社团和全国性团体向电台或电视台施加压力让他们禁播这些演员的节目。这些指控也促使负责广播业的监管机构联邦通讯委员会开始进行调查。 4. Does it mean a station should permit no language or ideas in a song that it would not permit on the news or in a sports program? Or does it mean the station should recognize that different forms of communication or entertainment, or programs designed for different kinds of audiences, should have different standards concerning language and ideas? 这是否意味着在广播电台或电视台播放的歌曲中不允许出现那些在新闻或体育节目中禁止出现的语言和观念？或者这是否意味着电台或电视台应该承认不同的交流或娱乐形式，或是为不同听众设计的节目，在语言和观念上应该具有不同的标准？ 5. One author has suggested that popular music also serves a "rite of passage" function for young girls. The teenage singing idols may serve as non-threatening substitutes for actual boys until boys' maturation catches up with that of girls and some semblance of easy boy-girl relationships can be established. 一位作者指出流行音乐也成了女孩子们成熟的标志。在同龄男孩子成长为像女孩子那样成熟并能较容易地与女孩子建立朋友关系之前，少年歌星可能会成为不会对女孩子形成威胁的男友的替身。 V. Oral Practice and Discussion 1. How was music used during World War II and during the Vietnam War? 2. Describe peacetime uses of music. 3. List the major effects and functions of music. 4. Identify the basic issues in the FCC regulatory position. 5. What problems do you foresee in the development of record labeling plans? 6. Adaptation of popular or favorite songs is a persuasive tactic. Where is this technique used today? Cite several examples. (Hint: Advertising commercials) 7. If music shapes our perceptions and attitudes, then, should we be forced to listen to music in public places such as restaurants and shopping malls? 8. Are there other effects of music not included in this article?

2008考研英语阅读真题翻译

2008 Text 1 在现代生活中女性就算是在某些领域可以追赶上男性，但至少在一个方面是领先的，尽管是她们不太想要的。纽约的退伍军管理医院精神科首席医生Yehuda博士说道，和男性相比，女性面对压力时，更容易受到影响，导致抑郁和紧张。 对于动物和人类的研究都显示出性激素会在某种程度去影响面对压力的反应，导致在同样的条件下，女性产生更多的致病化学物质。在几项研究中，当受到压力的雌鼠的卵巢（雌性的生殖器官）被拿掉后，它们的化学反应变得和那些雄性的一样了。 对于女性来说，除了产生更多的导致压力的化学物质外，她们产生压力的“机会”也更多。“并不是女性要处理的事情太少，而是她们有更多的事情要处理。”Yehuda博士说道。“她们对于压力的承受能力有时候甚至比男性的还大”，她观察到，“她们只是需要处理的事情太多，看起来会更容易精疲力尽。” Yehuda博士注意到了另一个男女之间的不同点。“我认为，女性通常要做的事是慢性的，重复的。而男人去战场，承受的是格斗的压力。男性面临的更多的是随意的身体上的暴力。女性面对的人与人之间的暴力是在家庭环境中的。不幸的是，她们与父母还有其他的家庭成员之间不是能够一次性解决的问题。这种长期的关系的磨合是更有破坏性的。 Adeline Alvarez 18岁结婚并生了个儿子，但她决定完成大学学业。“我尽了很大的努力拿到大学学位，因为我在实际生活中有很多的挫折，而这就是我的逃避，去学校，争取上游，做到更好。”不久后，她离了婚变成一个单亲母亲。“除了照顾一个十几岁的孩子，还要工作，付房租，养车，还债是最难的事情了。我的生活就是不停的支付自己的账单。” 不是每个人经历着和Alvarez describes一样的长期的压力，但是大多数女性都在处理着太多的责任，很少得到喘息，从而感到了压力。Alvarez的经历证明了当压力威胁你的健康和正常生理功能之前解压是非常重要的。 2008 Text 2 原本一切都很简单。一组研究员在实验室里共同完成一个试验，把结果提交给某刊物，刊物的编辑把作者姓名及相关信息隐去，把报告交给这些研究者的同行去审阅。根据评论意见，编辑将决定是否发表。因此，版权留在刊物出版社手上，辛苦探求知识的研究者反倒要花钱订阅刊物。 现在不再是这样了。提供资金的机构施加压力，质疑为什么商业刊物可以通过限制刊载的手段从政府投资的研究项目中牟利，互联网使得阅读科研结果成为现实。经济合作及发展组织近日发布一项调查，描述了这一现象所造成的深远影响。澳大利亚维多利亚大学的John Houghton和经合组织的Graham Vickery联合完成这一报告，内容使目前为止收入丰厚的出版商们感到汗颜。但是这项报告的意义远远不止于此，它标志着科学尝试的一项关键性因素即将发生改变。 在某种程度上来说，知识的价值和公共投资能否取得较高回报，取决于是否能够得到广泛的流通、人们是否能够比较容易地获取这些研究成果。这是一项很大的产业。在美国，核心科研出版市场产值每年在70亿美元到110亿美元左右。国际科学、技术和医学出版社集团宣称全世界专业出版本类期刊的出版商有2000多家。他们每年在16000种刊物上发表120万篇以上文章。 这个数字现在有所变化。根据OECD报告，目前有75%的专业期刊在互联网上有在线阅读。全新的商务模式正在形成，报告作者总结出其中三种。第一种是所谓的大订单模式，即机构团体订阅者通过签订网站协议付钱购买阅读一批刊物文章题目的权限。第二种为开放

211翻译硕士英语答案15

河南科技大学 2015年硕士研究生入学考试试题答案及评分标准考试科目代码： 211考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语 Part Ⅰ Multiple Choice (20%) For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, or D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.B 11.B 12.D 13.D 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.D 20.A Part II Reading Comprehension (40%) Read the following passages and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C, or D. 1-5: CABAB 6-10: ABDDD 11-15: BCCCD Read the following passage and answer the questions briefly. 16. Piped water from an intermittent supply could be dangerous to health. 17. The author recommends that travelers on short trips should drink canned drinks of well-known brand names because international standards of water treatment are usually followed at bottling plants. 18. Ice in drinks could be dangerous to the health because ice is only as safe as the water from which it is made. 19. You would not be safe if you added 95 proof alcohol to contaminated water because it cannot be relied on to sterilize water. 20. In the absence of other sources, tap-water is too hot to touch is generally safe to drink when it has been left to cool. Part Ⅲ Explain in your own words the following sentences. (10%) 1. Integrity means having one’s own norms and rules of judging what is right and what is wrong, which one should not give up for immediate personal advantages. 2. Literarily, I was unable to open wide my eyes due to the dazzling summer sunlight as well as my eyes defect. Figuratively, the freedom, equality and democracy all American citizens were allegedly entitled to were simply distorted images in my eye. 3. Our knowledge of photography tells us that a lens in a camera can reflect and record images of persons or things sharply and objectively. This leads us to the thought that money or the greed for money can also cause people to reveal their true feelings or characters. 4. We tend to close our eyes when facing the whole truth and be prepared for the worst that might happen, no matter how much pain I may endure. 5. Men’s choices about fashion always embodied an absolute and enormous meaning in their own world, serving as tokens of men’s identity which women could hardly comprehend to form their own judgments. Part ⅨWriting (30%) Is It Wise to Seek Cosmetic Surgery? In recent years, turning on the television and browsing through newspapers, we can see numerous cosmic surgery advertisements. With the influence of these advertisements and the change of notion, an increasing number of Chinese people have undergone cosmetic surgery. Many people believe that cosmetic surgery can beautify their appearance and bring lots of benefits. However, in my view, it is unwise to take cosmic surgery due to its great risks, bad psychological effects and heavy economic burden. To begin with, cosmetic surgery means unexpected surgical risks for those aiming to be more artificially beautiful. Even though nowadays the medical technology has improved by leaps and bounds, and doctors often ensure that they will minimize the medical risks during the operation, many cosmetic surgery accidents frequently happen every year. In addition to life risk, cosmetic surgery also involves other surgical risk like bleeding, infection, allergic reactions, coma and so on, which will lead to serious consequences. Another reason why I am against it is that it has bad effect on the customer’s psychological health. It has been observed that many individuals undergoing cosmetic surgery tend to suffer from an obsession or infatuation with their look, which can cause an addition and may impel them to undergo much more cosmic surgery technology, repetitive

研究生英语阅读教程(基础级3版)课文答案翻译1-12单元完整版

Lesson 1 II. Translation Put the following passages into Chinese. 1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk. 因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。 2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion. 同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat. 总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。 4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus. 然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。 5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized. 讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。 6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.