大学英语自学教程(下册)词汇表

A

abolish [?'b?li?] vt.废除(法律，习惯等)；取消

abroad [?'br?:d] ad.到国外；在国外

abuse [?'bju:z] vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱

academic[??k?'demik] a.学院的，学会的；学术的

accessible [?k'ses?b?l a.易接近的；易受影响的(to)；可理解的accompany [?'k?mp?ni] vt.伴随，陪同；为…伴奏

accomplish [?'k?mpli?] vt.完成(任务等)

accountability [??kaunt?'biliti] n.有解释义务；负有责任achievement [?'t?i:vm?nt] n.完成，达到；成就，成绩acknowledge [?k'n?lid?] vt.承认；表示感谢

acquire [?'kwai?] vt.获得，得到

acronym ['?kr?nim] n.首字母缩略词

activate ['?ktiveit] vt.使活动，使起作用

actor ['?kt?] n.男演员

additional [?'di??n?l] a.附加的，追加的；另外的

adjust [?'d??st] vt.调整，调节；校准

adjustment [?'d??stm?nt] n.调整

administration [?d?minis'trei?n.管理，经营；行政，行政机关advantageous[??dv?n'teid??s] a.有利的，有助的

adversely [?d'v?:sli] ad.相反地；不利地，有害地

afflict [?'flikt] vt.使苦恼，折磨

aged [eid?d] a.年老的，老的

alarm [?'lɑ:m] n.警报；惊恐 vt.向…报警；打扰

allege [?'led?] vt.断言，宣称；作为（理由、借口）提出

alter ['?:lt?] vt./vi.改变，改动

amplifier ['?mplifai?] n.放大器

amusement [?'mju:zm?nt] n.娱乐，消遣

anaesthetics n.麻醉学

analyze ['?n?laiz] vt.分析

antithesis[?n'tiθisis, ?n'tiθ?sis]n.对偶，对句；对立，对立面anti-war a.反战的

apartheid [?'pɑ:theit] n.种族隔离，种族隔离法

appliance [?'plai?ns] n.应用，适用；用具，器械

applicant ['?plik?nt] n.申请人，请求者

appoint [?'p?int] vt.任命，委任(as)；约定，指定

appointment [?'p?intm?nt] n.任命；约会

appreciate [?'pri:?ieit] vt.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价，鉴别；感激appreciation [??pri:?i'ei??n] n.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价；感激，感谢

appropriate [?'pr?uprieit] a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的approximate [?'pr?ksi a.近似的，大约的 v.近似，接近；使接近aptly ['?ptli] ad.恰当地，贴切地；灵巧地

argue ['ɑ:gju:]vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；说服

argument ['ɑ:gjum?nt] n.争论，辩论；论据，理由

aristocracy[??ris't?kr?si] n.贵族统治；贵族

aristocratic[??rist?'kr?tik] a.贵族的；贵族式的

assault [?'s?:lt] n.攻击，袭击；(军)冲击，突击，强击

assemble [?'semb?l] vt.集合；装配 vi.集合

assembly [?'sembli] n.集合；集会，与会者；装配，组装

assignment [?'sainm?nt] n.分配，委派；任务，(课外)作业

assumption [?'s?mp??n] n.假定，设想；承担，采取

astronaut ['?str?n?:t] n.宇航员

astronomer [?'str?n?m?] n.天文学家

attach [?'t?t?] vt.固定住，系；附加，隶属；使喜爱

attacker [?'t?k?] n.攻击者

attain [?'tein] vt.达到；完成

attainment [?'teinm?nt] n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣attendant [?'tend?nt] n.侍者，服务员；出席者

attribute '?tribju:t, ?'tribju:t n.属性，特征；vt.把…归因与(to) automatic[??:t?'m?tik] a.自动的；无意识的，机械的

automatically [?:t?'m?tikli] ad.自动地；习惯性地

automotive [?:t?'m?utiv] a.自动的，机动的；汽车的

avail [?'veil] vt./vi.有利，有助 n.好处，用处

award [?'w?:d] vt.授予，判给 n.判定；奖，奖品

B

ballroom ['b?:lrum] n.舞厅

ban [b?n] vt.禁止，取缔 n.禁止；禁令

barrier ['b?ri?] n.障碍；障碍物

basis(bases) n.基础，根据；主要成份；军事基地

BBC英国广播公司

belonging [bi'l??i?] n.［常pl.］所有物；行李

beloved [bi'l?vd] a.为…所爱的；亲爱的 n.心爱的人，爱人

bias ['bai?s] n.偏见 v.［常用被动语态］有偏见

binary ['bain?ri] a.二，双；二进制的 n.双(体)；联星

biomedical[?bai?u'medikl] a.生物医学的

Birmingham ['b?:mi?h?m]伯明翰(英格兰中部城市)

birthrate ['b?:θreit] n.出生率

blindness ['blaindnis] n.无视，视而不见；盲目性

blues [blu:z] n.布鲁斯；慢四步舞

bodily ['b?dili] a.身体的，肉体的

boring ['b?:ri?] a.令人厌烦的

boundary ['baund?ri] n.分界线，边界

breadwinner['bred?win?] n.养家糊口的人

brightness ['braitnis] n.明亮，晴朗；聪敏，机灵

Briton ['britn] n.大不列颠人；英国人

budget ['b?d?it] n.预算 vt.把…编入预算；安排，预定

burden ['b?:dn] n.负担；责任，义务 vt.使负重担；麻烦

busing ['b?si?]n.公共汽车接送；［美］用校车接送学生

C

cadre ['kɑ:d?] n.干部；基础结构

calculation [?k?lkju'lei??n] n.计算，计算结果；仔细考虑

calculator ['k?lkjuleit?] n.计算者；计算器

camera ['k?m?r?] n.照相机，摄影机

campaign [k?m'pein] n.战役；运动 v.参加运动，参加竞选活动candidate ['k?ndideit] n.候选人，候补者；应试者

1

candidate ['k?ndideit] n.候选人，候补者；应试者

capture ['k?pt??] vt.捕获；夺得，占领 n.捕获，捕获物

cargo ['kɑ:g?u] n.船货，货物

cast [kɑ:st]vt.投，扔；投射；铸造 n.投，掷；模具

cease [si:s] vt./vi./n.停止，结束

cell [sel] n.细胞；小房间，单人牢房

certainty ['s?:t?nti] n.一定；必定

character ['k?rikt?] n.性格，品质；特性；人物；符号，(汉)字chess [t?es] n.国际象棋

chip [t?ip] n.片屑；薄片；电子集成电路片，芯片

circumstance ['s?:k?mst?ns] n.［pl.］情况，环境；境遇circus ['s?:k?s] n.马戏团，杂技团；马戏场，杂技场

civil ['siv?l] a.国民的，民用的；国内的，民间的

clarification[?kl?rifi'kei??n] n.澄清，阐明

classify ['kl?sifai] vt.把…分类，把…分等级；把…列为classless ['klɑ:sl?s]a.无阶级的；不属于任何阶级的clavichord ['kl?vik?:d] n.(音)击弦古钢琴

clerk [klɑ:k] n.办事员，公务员；(美)店员

clipboard ['klipb?:d] n.带弹簧夹子的书写板

cloudless ['kla?dlis] a.无云的，晴朗的

clutch [kl?t?] vt./vi.抓住，握紧

cobbler ['k?bl?] n.补鞋匠

coin [k?in] n.硬币，钱币 vt.创造(新词)

coincide[?k?uin'said] vi.一致，相符(with)

collapse [k?'l?ps] vt./vi./n.(使)倒塌，(使)崩溃；瓦解collectively [k?'lektivli] ad.总体地；集体地

coloured ['k?l?d] a.有色的

coming ['k?mi?]a.正在到来的，即将来到的 n.来到，到达communicator [k?'mju:nikeit?] n.传播者，传播工作者community [k?'mju:niti] n.社区；共同体

companion [k?m'p?ni?n] n.同伴，同事；［天］伴星(=～star) compassion [k?m'p???n] n.同情；怜悯(for)

compel [k?m'pel] vt.强迫(to)

compensatory [k?m'pens?t?ri] a.赔偿的，补偿的

competition[?k?mpi'ti??n] n.竞争；比赛

competitive [k?m'petitiv] a.竞争的，比赛的

competitor [k?m'petit?] n.竞争者；对手

completeness [k?m'pli:tnis] n.完整，圆满；完成，结束completion [k?m'pli:??n] n.完成，结束；完满

composer [k?m'p?uz?] n.作曲家

compulsion [k?m'p?l?(?)n] n.强制，强迫

computerize [k?m'pju:t?raiz] vt.电子计算机化，用电子计算机计算

conception [k?n'sep??n] n.概念，观念

concerned [k?n's?:nd] a.有关的；关切的，担心的

concession [k?n'se??n] n.让步；特许权；租界，租界地concrete ['k??kri:t] a.具体的；混凝土的 n.混凝土 vt.使凝固confront [k?n'fr?nt] vt.面对，遭遇；正视，对抗

congress ['k??gres]n.国会，议会；参议院，上院

congressman ['k??gresm?n] n.(复congressmen) (美)国会议员conquer ['k??k?] vt.征服，战胜 vi.得胜，胜利

consciousness ['k?n??snis] n.意识，知觉；觉悟

conservative [k?n's?:v?tiv] a.保存的，防腐的；保守的，守旧的consideration [k?n?sid?'rei??n] n.考虑；体谅，照顾

conspiracy [k?n'spir?si] n.阴谋，密谋；阴谋集团，阴谋帮派constant ['k?nst?nt] a.永恒的，经久不变的；经常的 n.常数constitutional a.宪法上规定的；组成的，构成的

constraint [k?n'streint] n.强制；强制因素，制约条件

constructive [k?n'str?ktiv] a.建设的，建设性的

contemplate ['k?ntempleit] vt.注视，凝视；沉思

content ['k?ntent] a.满足的，满意的 vt.使满意 n.满足，满意contented [k?n'tentid] a.满足的，满意的

contest [k?n'test, 'k?ntest] n.竞争，比赛；争夺，竞争；争论continued [k?n'tinju:d] a.继续的，连续的

contrary ['k?ntr?ri] a.相反的，相对的，与…相反(to)

conventional [k?n'ven??n?l]a.惯例的，常规的；(艺术等)因袭的convict [k?n'vikt, 'k?nvikt] vt.证明…有罪(of)；宣判 n.罪犯convince [k?n'vins] vt.使确认，使信服；使认识错误

convincing [k?n'vinsi?]a.有说服力的，使人信服的

cope [k?up] vi.对付，妥善处理(with)

coronary ['k?r?n?ri] a.冠的；冠状的 n.冠状动脉

correction [k?'rek??n] n.改正，纠正；责备，惩罚

correctness [k?'rektnis] n.正确，正确性

correlation[?k?ri'lei??n] n.相互关系，关联

correspondence[?k?ri'sp?nd?ns] n.符合，一致；通信

correspondent[?k?ri'sp?nd?nt] n.对应物；记者，通信者

cortisol ['k?:tis?l] n.［生］皮质(甾)醇

council ['kauns?l] n.理事会；委员会

county ['kaunti] n.(英国)郡；县

crash [kr??] a.紧急的，速成的

creative [kri:'eitiv] a.创造性的

creativity[?kri:ei'tiv?ti] n.创造性

crisis ['kraisis] n.危机；决定性时刻

criterion [krai'ti?ri?n] n.标准，准则

critical ['kritik?l] a.批评(性)的；紧要的，关键性的，危急的criticism ['kritisiz?m] n.批评；评论

crowd [kraud] n.群，人群 vi.聚集，群集

curtail [k?:'teil] vt.截短，缩短；削减

D

datum ['deit?m] n.(［复］data)资料，材料；数据

daydream ['deidri:m] vi./n.白日做梦

daytime ['deitaim] n.白天，日间

debate [di'beit] vt./n.争论，辩论 vi.对…进行争论，辩论

decay [di'kei] vi./vt.(使)腐朽，腐烂；衰变 n.腐烂；衰败

decline [di'klain] vi.下降；衰退vt.拒绝 n.下降；衰落

deem [di:m] vt.认为，相信

2

defective [di'fektiv] a.有缺点的；有缺陷的

deficiency [di'fi??nsi] n.缺乏，不足

define [di'fain] vt.解释，给…下定义；限定，规定

definitive [di'finitiv] a.决定的，确定的；限定的，明确的degrade [di'greid] vt.降级，贬低；堕落；退化

delightful [di'laitful] a.令人高兴的；讨人喜欢的

democrat ['dem?kr?t] n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员democratic[?dem?'kr?tik] a.民主的，民主主义的demographer [di:'m?gr?f?(r)] n.人口学家

demography [di'm?gr?fi] n.人口统计学

density ['densiti] n.密集度，稠密度；［物][化］密度

deny [di'nai] vt.否定，否认；拒绝接受，拒绝给予

dependency [di'pend?nsi] n.从属；依赖(on)

deport [di'p?:t] vt.驱逐出境

deprive [di'praiv] vt.夺去，剥夺；使失去(of)

deserving [di'z?:vi?] a.应得的，值得的(of)

desirable [di'zai?r?b?l] a.称心的，合意的，理想的

despite [di'spait] prep.尽管，任凭

destination[?desti'n ei??n] n.目的地，终点

detail ['di:teil] n.细节，详情 vt.详述，详细说明

deteriorate [di'ti?ri?reit] vt./vi.(使)恶化

developmental[di?vel?p'mentl] a.发展的，开发的；促使成长的device [di'vais] n.装置，器械；方法，手段

devotion [di'v?u??n] n.献身，忠诚

diabetes[?dai?'bi:ti:z] n.糖尿病

differ ['dif?] vi.不同，相异(from)；与…意见不同

digital ['did?itl] a.手指的，指状的；数字的，计数的digression [dai'gre??n] n.离题；偏离

diploma [di'pl?um?] n.执照，特许证；毕业文凭，学位证书diplomat ['dipl?m?t] a.外交家；外交官

disabled [dis'eib?ld] a.伤残的；使失去战斗力的

disaffection[?dis?'fek??n] n.不满

disapproval[?dis?'pru:v?l] n.不赞成；不许可

discredit [dis'kredit] vt.使不可置信 n.丧失信义；不信，怀疑discrepancy [di'skrep?nsi] n.差异；不一致

disorder [dis'?:d?] n.混乱；失调，紊乱 vt.使混乱；使失调distinct[di'sti?kt] a.与其他不同的，独特的；明显的

distract [di'str?kt] vt.分散(注意，心思等)；使人分心distraction [di'str?k??n]n.精神涣散，精神不集中；消遣，娱乐distractor [dis'tr?kt?(r)] n.分散注意力的东西

district ['distrikt] n.区，行政区；地区，区域

ditch [dit?] n.沟，沟渠 vt./vi.开渠；筑渠

diversified [dai'v?:sifaid] a.多样化的

diversity [dai'v?:siti] n.多样性

division [di'vi??n] n.分开，分割；除(法)；部门，科，处divisive [di'vaisiv] a.造成不和的，制造分裂的

domestic [d?'mestik]adj.家庭的，家务的；国内的n.家仆，佣人dominance ['d?min?ns] n.优势，控制，统治

dominant ['d?min?nt] a.占优势的；支配的

donation [d?u'nei??n] n.捐献；赠送

dose [d?us] n.(一次)剂量

dozen ['d?z?n] n.一打，十二个；十来个，十几个

dreamer ['dri:m?] n.做梦的人；空想家

dreamlike ['dri:mlaik]a.梦一般的，梦幻的

drift [drift] n.漂流；趋势，倾向 vi./vt.(使)漂流；漂泊

duel ['dju:?l] n./vi.决斗；(双方的)斗争

duration [dju?'rei??n] n.持续；持续时间

Dutch [d?t?] a.荷兰人的；荷兰语的 n.荷兰人；荷兰语

Dutchman ['d?t?m?n] n.(［复］Dutchmen)荷兰人

dwarf [dw?:f] n.矮子；［天］矮星

dynamo ['dain?m?u] n.［电］发电机；精力，精力充沛的人

E

earning ['?:ni?]n.警告；警报 a.警告的

earthquake ['?:θkweik]n.地震

eastern ['i:st?n] a.东方的，东部的；向东方的，来自东方的

eclecticism [e'klektisiz?m] n.折衷主义

economics [i:k?'n?miks,n.［单或复］经济学；经济情况，经济economy [i'k?n?mi] n.经济；节约

efficiency [i'fi??nsi] n.效率；功效，效能，实力

efficiently [i'fi??ntli] ad.效率高地；有能力地

effortless ['ef?tl?s] a.不作努力的；不费力的，容易的

elderly ['eld?li] a.较老的，人过中年的 n.近老年人

election [i'lek??n] n.选举；选举权

electoral [i'lekt?r?l] a.选举的

electorate [i'lekt?rit] n.全体选民；选区

electronic[i?lek'tr?nik]a.电子的

electronics[i?lek'tr?niks] n.［复］［用作单］电子学

eliminate [i'limineit] vt.排除，消灭

elite [ei'li:t] n.精英，杰出人物 a.杰出的，精英的

elitist [ei'li:tist] n.杰出人物 a.杰出人物(统治论)的

elsewhere[?elswe?] ad.在别处；向别处

elude [i'lu:d] vt.(巧妙地)逃避，躲避

elusive [i'lu:siv] a.躲避的；难以捉摸的，难以理解的

emergency [i'm?:d??nsi] n.紧急情况；突发事件

employee [im'pl?i-i:] n.雇员，雇工

employment [im'pl?im?nt] n.使用；雇佣；职业，工作

encounter [in'kaunt?] vt/vi遭遇，遇到n.遭遇，冲突；偶然相见enhance [in'hɑ:ns]vt.提高；增强

enjoyable [in'd??i?bl] a.愉快的；快乐的；有趣的

enrollment [in'r?ulm?nt] n.登记，接收，招生；招收/入学人数ensure [in'?u?] vt.保证，担保

entity ['entiti] n.存在，实体；统一性

entrance ['entr?ns] n.进入；入口，门口；入场，入会，入学entry ['entri] n.进入；入口；登记，条目，账目

equilibrium[?i:kwi'libri?m] n.平衡，均衡，相称；均势；平静equivalent [i'kwiv?l?nt] a.相等的；等价的 n.等价(物)；对应词

3

error ['er?] n.谬误；错误

eruption [i'r?p??n] n.(火山)喷发；(战争，感情等)爆发，迸发escalator ['esk?leit?] n.自动扶梯

escape [i'skeip] vi./vt.逃跑；避免 n.逃跑；逃路，出口establishment [i'st?bli?m?nt] n.建立，创办；机构

esteem [i'sti:m] vt./n.尊敬，尊重

ethics['eθiks]n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准

euthanasia[?ju:θ?'neizi?] n.无痛楚的死亡；安乐死

evaluate [i'v?ljueit] vt.估价，评价

eventual [i'vent?u?l] a.最后的，结局的

evident ['evid?nt] a.明显的，明白的

evolve [i'v?lv] vt.使发展，推论 vi.进展；进化

excellence ['eks?l?ns] n.优秀，杰出

exceptional [ik'sep??n?l] a.例外的；异常的，特殊的

excerpt ['eks?:pt] n.摘录，节录 vt.摘，引用

excessive [ik'sesiv] a.过多的，过分的

excitement [ik'saitm?nt] n.刺激；兴奋

excretion [ik'skri:??n] n.排泄；分泌

execute ['eksikju:t] vt.实行，执行，完成，贯彻；将…处死exert [ig'z?:t] vt.尽(力)；施加(压力等)；行使(职权等) expansion [ik'sp?n??n] n.扩张；膨胀

expectation[?ekspek'tei??n] n.期待；估计寿命

experiential[ik?spi?ri'en?(?)l] a.经验的；凭经验的experimental[ik?speri'mentl]a.实验的；经验的

explode [ik'spl?ud] vt.使爆炸 vi.爆炸；突发

exploit [ik'spl?it] vt.开发，开采；利用；剥削

expose [ik'sp?uz] vt.使暴露，使面临；揭露，揭发-to extension [ik'sten??n] n.伸张，伸展，扩大；电话分机

extent [ik'stent] n.广度，范围；程度

external [ik'st?:n?l] a.外在的，在外的

eyeball ['aib?:l] n.眼球

eyewitness['ai?witnis] n.目击者；见证人

F

fade [feid] vi.凋谢，枯萎；(颜色)褪去vt.使褪色

faithfully['feiθf?li] ad.忠诚地；如实地

far-fetched[?fɑ:'fet?t]a.牵强的；未必会的，靠不住的

fault [f?:lt] n.缺点，毛病；错误，过失；［地］断层

fearful ['fi?f?l] a.可怕的，吓人的；害怕的，胆怯的

feasible ['fi:zib?l] a.可行的，可能的

fiercely ['fi?sli] ad.凶猛地，凶残地；猛烈地

Filipino [fili'pi:n?u] n.菲律宾人(语) a.菲律宾人的；菲律宾的finance ['fain?ns] n.财政，金融；经费，资金

fireman ['fai?m?n] n.消防队员

flee [fli:] vi./vt.(fled,fled)逃离；逃避

flexible ['fleks?b?l] a.柔韧的，柔顺的；可变通的，灵活的flight [flait] n.飞行，飞翔；航班，班机；逃跑，溃退

fluctuate ['fl?kt?ueit]vi.波动，起伏；动摇 vt.使波动，使起伏fluctuation[?fl?ktju'ei??n] n.波动，起伏

focal ['f?uk?l] n.焦点的

fold [f?uld] vt./vi.折叠；对折 n.褶(痕)

folk [f?uk] n.人们；［口］家属，亲属 a.民间的

foolishness ['fu:li?nis] n.愚蠢；可笑

foolproof ['fu:lpru:f] a.连傻子都懂的；不会出毛病的

fore [f?:] ad.在前面 a.先前的；在前部的 n.前部

forecast ['f?:kɑ:st]vt.预测，预报；预示

foreigner ['f?rin?] n.外国人

formerly ['f?:m?li]ad.以前，从前

foster ['f?st?] vt.鼓励，促进；养育 a.收养的

founder ['faund?] n.创始者；缔造者

frame [freim] n.构架，框架

freshman ['fre?m?n] n.新手，生手；大学一年级学生

fruitful ['fru:tf?l] a.有成果的，有收获的

functional ['f??k??n?l] a.功能的；职务上的；实用的

G

galaxy ['g?l?ksi] n.［天］星系，［G-］银河系

gamble ['g?mb?l] vi./vt.赌博；打赌；投机 n.赌博；冒险gang[g??] n.一队，一族；一群，一帮

gap [g?p] n.裂口，裂缝

gathering ['g?e?ri?] n.聚集；集会

giant ['d?ai?nt] n.巨人；巨物，巨大的动物 a.巨大的

glitter ['glit?] vi.闪闪发光，闪烁 n.闪光

goal [g?ul] n.目的，目标；得分进球，球门

going ['g?ui?]n.进行状况 a.进行中的；现行的

grab [gr?b] vt./n.攫取；抓取 vi.攫取；抓住(at)

graduate v(使)(大学)毕业 n.大学毕业生，研究生a毕业的grant [grɑ:nt]vt.同意；准予 n.同意，授予；拨款

gravity ['gr?viti] n.严肃，认真；重要性；［物］重力

grayscale灰度

grip [grip] vt./n.紧握，紧夹；掌握，控制

grouse [graus] n.松鸡

guilt [gilt] n.有罪；内疚

guitar [gi'tɑ:] n.六弦琴，吉他

H

habitual [h?'bit?u?l] a.习惯性的，习以为常的；惯常的

handle ['h?ndl] n.柄，把手 vt.运用，操纵；经营，管理

harmony ['hɑ:m?ni]n.协调，和谐；融洽，一致

headmaster[?hed'mɑ:st?]n.(中学或小学的)校长

headquarters['hed?kw?:t?z] n.司令部，指挥部；总部，总店healthcare['helθke?] n.保健

heartbreaking ['hɑ:t?breiki?] a.使人心碎的

hell [hel] n.地狱，阴间；用以咒骂或表示愤怒，不满

hiker ['haik?] n.徙步旅行者

hinder ['hind?, 'haind?] vt.阻止；妨碍(from)

hormonal [h?:'m??n?l] a.荷尔蒙的，激素的

hospice ['h?spis] n.(晚期病人)收容所

House [haus] n.［英］议院

4

housekeeper['haus?ki:p?] n.管理家务的主妇；女管家humanistic[?hju:m?'nistik] a.人文/人本主义的，人道主义的humanity [hju:'m?niti] n.个性，博爱，仁慈；人类

hysterical [hi'sterik?l] a.癔病的，歇斯底里的；患癔病的

I

identity [ai'dentiti] n.同一，一致；身份，本体

illegal [i'li:g?l] a.非法的；违规的

illusion [i'lu:??n] n.错觉；幻觉

illustration[?il?'strei??n] n.说明；例证，插图

imitator ['imiteit?] n.模仿者

immigrant ['imigr?nt] a.移民的，侨民的 n.移民，侨民immigration[?imi'grei??n] n.移居；外来的移民

impact ['imp?kt] n.冲击，碰撞；影响 vt.装紧，压紧

impart [im'pɑ:t] vt.把…分给；给予(to)

imperative [im'per?tiv] a.绝对必要的；命令的，强制的；祈使的implement ['implim?nt] vt.实现；完成；履行

implication[?impli'kei??n] n.含意，暗示；牵连，涉及，卷入impoverished [im'p?v?ri?t] a.贫困的，赤贫的

impress...on使…铭记，牢记

improvise ['impr?vaiz] vt.即兴创作；临时准备，临时凑成inactive [in'?ktiv] a.不活动的；不活跃的

incapable [in'keip?b?l] a.无能力的；不能的(of)

incidence ['insid?ns] n.影响程度，影响范围；发生率inconsiderate[?ink?n'sid?rit] a.不替别人考虑的；不体谅人的increasingly[in'kri:si?li]ad.不断增加地

indication[?indi'kei??n] n.指示，表示；象征，迹象indifference [in'difr?ns] n.冷漠；不感兴趣(to)

individual[?indi'vid?u?l] n.个人，个体，独立单位 a.个人/别的individualistic['indi?vid?u?'listik] a.个人主义(者)的ineffective a.无效的，不起作用的

inefficiency [ini'fi??nsi] n.无效；效能差

inefficient[?ini'fi??nt] a.无效的；效率低的

inevitable [i'nevit?b?l] a.不可避免的，必然(发生)的inevitably [in'evit?bli] ad.不可避免地，必然地

infant ['inf?nt] n.婴儿，幼儿 a.婴儿的，幼儿的

infiltrate ['infiltreit] vt./vi.渗入，透过；浸润

infinitely ['infinitli] ad.无限地，无穷地

inflexible [in'fleks?b?l] a.不可弯曲的；不可改变的，固执的inflict [in'flikt] vt.使遭受(损伤，苦痛等)，使承受(on,upon) infrastructure ['infr??str?kt??] n.基础；基础结构

infrequent [in'fri:kw?nt]a.很少发生的

inhumane[?inhju:'mein] a.不人道的，残忍的

initial [i'ni??l] a.最初的，开始的；词首的 n.首字母

injection [in'd?ek??n] n.注射；注射剂，针剂

inner ['in?] a.内部的，里面的；思想的 n.内部；里面

inspire [in'spai?] vt.鼓舞；使产生灵感

install [in'st?:l] vt.安装

instantaneously[?inst?n'teinj?sli] ad.瞬间地；即刻地

instrument ['instrum?nt] n.仪器；乐器

integrate ['intigreit] vt./vi.使结合，使并入；使成一体

intellectual[?inti'lekt?u?l] n.知识分子 a.智力的，理智的intensity [in'tensiti] n.强烈，剧烈

interchangeable[?int?'t?eind??b?l] a.可交换的；可互换的internal [in't?:nl] a.内部的，内在的；国内的

interstate[?int?'steit] a.［主美］州际的

interview ['int?vju:] vt./n.面谈，采访；面试，口试

interviewer ['int?vju:?] n.接见者；面谈者

intimidate [in'timideit] vt.恐吓，恫吓

invariably [in've?ri?bli] ad.不变地

inventor [in'vent?] n.发明者，创造者

investment [in'vestm?nt] n.投资；(时间，精力的)投入

irrelevant [i'reliv?nt] a.不相干的，离题的，与…不相干

irresponsible[?iri'sp?ns?b?l] a.无责任感的，不负责任的

ivy ['aivi] n.常青藤

J

jaw [d??:] n.颔，颚

jazz [d??z] n.爵士乐

jet [d?et] n.喷射；喷嘴；喷气式飞机，喷气发动机

journalism ['d??:n?liz?m] n.新闻业；［总称］报刊；新闻学junction ['d???k??n] n.连接，结合；结合点，交叉点

juvenile ['d?u:v?nail] a.青少年的 n.青少年

K

kid [kid] vt./vi./n.戏弄，开玩笑；欺骗，哄骗

kindergarten ['kind?gɑ:tn]n.幼儿园

kingdom['ki?d?m] n.王国；领域

kwashiorkor [?kw??i'?:k?] n.［医］恶性营养不良症

L

laborer ['leib?r?] n.劳动者；工人

lag [l?g] vi.走得慢，落后 n.落后，滞后

largely ['lɑ:d?li]ad.大量地；主要地

launch [l?:nt?] vt.发射；使(船)下水 n.发射，(船)下水

leadership ['li:d??ip] n.领导；［总称］领导人员

leading['li:di?]a.领导的，指引的；最重要的，主要的

leaflet ['li:flit] n.小叶，嫩叶；传单，活页

leap [li:p] v./n.(leapt或leaped)跳跃；飞跃

learn by rote由熟记而学某事

legal ['li:g?l] a.法律上的；合法的

legislate ['led?isleit] vi.立法 vt.通过立法

legislation[?led?is'lei??n] n.立法；法律，法规

lengthen['le?θ?n] vt.使延长 vi.变长，延伸

lesser ['les?] a.较小的；更少的；次要的

lethal['li:θ?l] a.致死的

liability[?lai?'biliti] n.责任，义务；债务，负债；不利条件liberty ['lib?ti] n.自由，自由权；冒昧，失礼；特许权，特权lighting['laiti?] n.照明，照明设备

light-sensitive a.光敏的

5

limitless ['limitl?s] a.无限制的，无限的

link[li?k]n.环节，联系 vt.用环连接；联系

literal ['lit?r?l] a.精确的，如实的；逐字的，字面的

litter ['lit?] n.干草；杂乱无章；一窝(仔畜) vt.铺草

location [l?u'kei??n] n.定位，测位；位置，场所

logic ['l?d?ik] n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性，条理性；理由，道理longshoreman ['l????:m?n] n.码头装卸工人

loom [lu:m] vi.隐隐呈现；逼近

loose [lu:s] a.松的，宽的；宽松；放荡的

lovable ['l?v?b?l] a.可爱的，讨人喜欢的

loyalty ['l?i?lti] n.忠诚；忠心

M

maid [meid] n.少女；侍女，女仆

majority [m?'d??riti] n.多数，大半；多数党，多数派

maker ['meik?] n.制造者；制造商

maladjustment ['m?l?'d??stm?nt] n.失调；不适应环境manageable ['m?nid??bl] a.易管理的

managerial[?m?ni'd?i?ri?l] a.经理的，管理人的；管理经营上的mankind[?m?n'kaind]n.［用作单或复］人类

manual ['m?nju?l] a.手的，用手(操作)的；体力的 n.手册marble ['mɑ:b?l]n.弹子；大理石 a.大理石的，大理石般的marvellous ['mɑ:v?l?s] a.奇异的，惊人的；了不起的，妙极的materialism [m?'ti?ri?liz?m] n.哲唯物主义，唯物论；物质至上measurement ['me??m?nt] n.衡量，测量

mechanism ['mek?niz?m] n.［机］机构，机制；作用过程merchant ['m?:t??nt] n.商人

merit ['merit] n.优点，长处；功绩，功劳

merry ['meri] a.欢乐的，愉快的

microcassette n.微型卡式录音带

microscopic maikr?'sk?pik a显微镜的微观的；微小的，细微的mid-afternoon a.下午三点左右的

midst ['midst] n.中间，当中 prep.(=amidst)在…当中miniature ['mini?t??] n.缩样，小型物 a.微型的，小型的minimum ['minim?m] n.最小量；最低限度 a.最小的；最低的miniskirt ['minisk?:t] n.超短裙

miserable ['miz?r?b?l] a.悲惨的；可怜的

mislead [mis'li:d] vt.把…带错路，使…错或做错

misleading[mis'li:di?]a.引入歧途的；使人误解的

moderate ['m?d?rit] a.中等的，适度的；温和的，有节制的moderation[?m?d?'rei??n] n.温和，适度；缓和，减轻

modest ['m?dist] a.谦虚的，谦恭的；适中的，不过分的

mold [m?uld] n.(=mould)模子；模型 vt.用模子做，浇铸monopolize [m?'n?p?laiz] v.垄断；专卖

monopoly [m?'n?p?li] n.垄断；专卖

motivate ['m?utiveit] vt.作为…的动机，激发

motivation[?mouti'vei??n] n.动机；动力

moving['mu:vi?]a.活动的，移动的；动人的，令人感动的multimedia[?m?lti'mi:di?] a.多种手段的；多媒体的 n.多媒体

multiple ['m?ltip?l] a.多样的，复合的 n.倍数

muse [mju:z] vt./vi./n.沉思，冥想

musically ['mju:zik?li] ad.在音乐方面；好听地；悦耳地

musician [mju:'zi??n] n.音乐家；作曲家

N

namely ['neimli] ad.即，也就是

nationwide ['nei??n'waid] a.全国性的 ad.在全国范围内

neat [ni:t] a.整洁的；简洁的；整齐的

negative ['neg?tiv]a.否定的；负的，阴性的 n.底片；负数

neglect [ni'glekt] vt.忽视，忽略；疏忽 n.忽略；疏忽

negotiation[ni?g?u?i'ei??n] n.谈判，协商

negro ['ni:gr?u] n.黑人 a.黑人的

network ['netw?:k] n.［纺］网眼织物；网状物，网络

neutral ['nju:tr?l] a.中立的；中性的

neutron ['nju:tr?n] n.［物］中子

never for a moment通常；多半

New Jersey [nju:'d??:zi]新泽西州(美国州名)

no other...than除…外没有，只有；正是，就是

nominate ['n?mineit] vt.提名；任命；命名

nomination[?n?mi'nei??n] n.提名；任命

nominee[?n?mi'ni:] n.被提名者；被任命者

northwestern[?n?:θ'west?n a.在西北的，向西北的；来自西北的notebook ['n?utbuk] n.笔记本

notion ['n?u??n] n.概念；想法，看法

nourishment ['n?ri?m?nt] n.滋补品，营养品

O

objective [?b'd?ektiv] n.目标，目的 a.客观的；无偏见的

obscure [?b'skju?]a.昏暗的；模糊的 vt.使暗，遮掩；使难理解observatory [?b'z?:v?t?ri] n.天文台；了望台

observer [?b'z?:v?] n.遵守者，奉行者；观察者，监视者

old-boy n.老同学；(招呼用)老朋友，老弟，老兄

ongoing ['?n?g?ui?]a.进行中的，前进的

open up打开；开办，开辟，开发；坦诚地谈话

operate ['?p?reit] v.运转，起作用；动手术；操作；经营

oppose [?'p?uz] vt.反对，反抗；使相对，使对抗(to)

opposition[??p?'zi??n] n.反对，反抗；对立，意见相反

opt [?pt] vi.抉择，选择(for)，在…之间选择

optimal ['?ptim?l] a.最适宜的；最理想的

organizational[??g?nai'zei??n?l] a.组织(上)的

originate [?'rid?ineit] vi./vt.发源；发生，发起

outcome ['autk?m] n.结果，结局；出路，出口

outer ['aut?] a.外部的

output ['autput] n.产量；输出

outrage['aut?reid?] n.暴行；愤慨 vt.对…施暴；激怒

overcome[??uv?'k?m] vt.战胜；克服

overestimate[??uv?r'estimeit] vt.过高估计；过高评价

oversupply ['?uv?s?'plai] vt./n.过多供应

overturn[??uv?'t?:n] vt./n.打翻；推翻，颠覆，毁灭 vi.翻身

6

overwhelming[??uv?'welmi?]a.压倒之势的

ownership ['?un??ip] n.拥有；所有权，所有制

P

p.a. system (=public address) system有线广播系统

painful ['peinf?l] a.痛苦的；费力的

painstaking['peinz?teiki?] a.苦干的；费力的

painter ['peint?] n.漆工；画家

palm [pɑ:m] n.手掌

panel ['p?nl] n.专门小组

paradox ['p?r?d?ks] n.似非而可能是的论点；自相矛盾的话paralyse ['p?r?laiz] vt.使麻痹，使瘫痪；使无力，使气馁parliament ['pɑ:l?m?nt]n.议会，国会；［P-］议会parliamentary[?pɑ:l?'ment?ri]a.议会的，国会的

partial ['pɑ:??l]a.偏袒的，偏心的，对…偏袒；部分的participant [pɑ:'tisip?nt] n.参加者 a.参与的

participation [pɑ:?tisi'pei??n] n.参加，参与

partly ['pɑ:tli]ad.部分地；在一定程度上

passive ['p?siv] a.被动的；消极的

passport ['pɑ:sp?:t] n.护照

paternalistic [p??t?:n?'listik] a.家长式统治的；家长作风的peaceful ['pi:sf?l] a.平静的，安宁的；和平的，和平方式的penetrating['penitreiti?] a.穿透的，贯穿的；深刻的，透彻的perchance [p?'t?ɑ:ns] ad.［古］偶然，意外地；可能，或许performance [p?'f?:m?ns] n.执行；表现，工作性能；演出，演奏periodicity [pi?ri?'disiti] n.周期性，间发性

permissive [p?'misiv] a.容许的，许可的；随意的，开放的persist [p?'sist] vi.坚持，固执(in)；持续，存留

persistently [p?'sist?ntli] ad.坚持地；固执地

personality[?p?:s?'n?liti] n.个性；人格；品格

personnel[?p?:s?'nel] n.全体人员，全体职员；人事(部门) perspective [p?'spektiv] n.透视(画法；远景，展望；观点，看法persuasion [p?'swei??n] n.说服，劝服

pervasive [p?'veisiv] a.弥漫的，渗透的；遍布的

pet [pet] n.宠物，爱畜 a.宠爱的，表示亲昵的pharmacological[?fɑ:m?k?'l?d?ik?l] a.药物学的，药理学的photocopy ['f?ut?u?k?pi] vt./n.复印，影印；照相复制本phrase [freiz] n.短语，词语；习惯用语

physiological[?fizi?'l?d?ik?l] a.生理的，生理学的

physiology[?fizi'?l?d?i] n.生理学

planet ['pl?nit] n.行星

plantation [pl?n'tei??n] n.种植园，大农场；植树造林

plateau ['pl?t?u] n.(［复］plateaus或plateaux)高原

plea [pli:] n.请求，恳求；托词

pledge [pled?] v.发誓；保证 n.誓言，誓约；抵押品

plus [pl?s] prep.加，加上 a.正的；附加的

poet ['p?uit] n.诗人

polio ['p?uli?u] n.［医］脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症

poll [p?ul] n.选举；民意测验 vt.得到选票 vi.投票

portray [p?:'trei] vt.描绘；描写；描述

positive ['p?z?tiv] a.确实的；积极的，肯定的；正的，阳性的possess [p?'zes] vt.具有，拥有

possession [p?'ze??n] n.有，拥有；［常pl.］占有物；财产

postgraduatea.大学毕业后的，大学研究院的 n.研究生

precede [pri'si:d] vt.先于…，比…优先 vi.在前面，领先

precedent ['presid?nt] n.先例，前例

predict [pri'dikt] vt./vi.预言；预示

preliminary [pri'limin?ri] a.预备的；初步的 n.初试；预赛

prescribe [pri'skraib] vt.指示，规定；开处方，开药

presidency ['prezid?nsi]n总统(或校长)职务(职权，任期)；管辖presidential[?prezi'den??l]a总统(校长)的；总统(校长)职务的prevail [pri'veil] vi.胜过；流行，盛行

prevalent ['prev?l?nt] a.流行的，普通的

primarily ['praim?r?li] ad.首先，起初；首要地，主要地

prime [praim] a.最初的，基本的；主要的；最好的

private ['praivit] a.私人的；私营的；秘密的，私下的

privilege ['privilid?] n.特权 vt.给予…特权

proceeding [pr?'si:di?]n.程序，进程；项目，活动，会议文集productivity[?pr?d?k'tiviti] n.生产率；丰饶，多产

profession [pr?'fe??n] n.职业(尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的) profitability[?pr?fit?'bil?ti] n.赚钱，获得

profound [pr?'faund] a.深刻的，浑奥的

profusion [pr?'fju:??n] n.丰富，大量；过分

progressive [pr?'gresiv] a.进步的，先进的；渐次的，累进的

prohibition[?pr?uhi'bi??n] n.禁止；禁令

project [pr?'d?ekt, 'pr?d?ekt]vt方案计划投射n设计规划项目prolong [pr?'l??] vt.延长；拉长

promote [pr?'m?ut] vt.促进，发扬；提升，升级；发起，创办promotion [pr?'m?u??n] n.促进；提升

proof [pru:f] n.证据，证明；校样

proportion [pr?'p?:??n] n.比率，比例 vt.使成比例，使相称

prosecute ['pr?sikju:t] vt.对…起诉，告发

prosecutor ['pr?sikju:t?] n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人

prospect ['pr?spekt, pr?s'pekt n展望，景象［常pl］前景前程prospective [pr?'spektiv] a.预期的；未来的

provision [pr?'vi??n] n.供应，供应品；条款，规定；给养

psychology [sai'k?l?d?i] n.心理学；心理

publish ['p?bli?] vt.出版，刊印；公布，发表

pull down拆除；推翻

punishment ['p?ni?m?nt] n.处罚，罚，刑罚；折磨，损害

punk [p??k]n.(俚)阿飞；朋克 a.颓废派的

pursue [p?'sju:] vt.追赶；追求，寻求；进行，从事

Q

queue [kju:] n.辫子；列队 vi.排队(for)

quicksand ['kwiks?nd] n.流沙

R

rabbit ['r?bit] n.兔

7

racial ['rei??l] a.种族的

racist ['reisist] n.种族主义者 a.种族主义的；种族歧视的radiation[?reidi'ei??n] n.放射，发光；放射物，辐射线，辐射能radioactive[?reidi?u'?ktiv] a.［原］放射性的；放射引起的radium ['reidi?m] n.镭

radon ['reid?n] n.氡

rating['reiti?]n.等级，规格； (电视)收视率

raw [r?:] a.未煮过的，生的；未加工的

re-introduction n.重新采用，重新引用

readily ['redili] ad.乐意地；很快地，容易地

readjustment [ri:?'d??stm?nt] n.再整理，再调整

realistic [ri?'listik] a.现实的，实际的；现实主义的recognition[?rek?g'ni??n] n.认出；承认，公认

recorder [ri'k?:d?] n.记录者；录音机

recruit [ri'kru:t] vt./vi.征募(新兵)，吸收；补充 n.新成员reduction [ri'd?k??n] n.减少，减小；降级，降职；归纳，归并refine [ri'fain] vt./vi.提纯，精制；使改进，变优雅refinement [ri'fainm?nt] n.精炼，精制

reflection [ri'flek??n] n.反射，反映，映像；深思，考虑regeneration[ri?d?en?'rei??n] n.新生，再生，复兴

regrow [ri:'gr?u] vt.再生长，重新生长

regulate ['regjuleit] vt./n.管理；调节

regulatory ['regjul?t?ri] a.规章的；调节的

reinforce[?ri:in'f?:s] vt.增援，支援；加强，增加reinforcement[?ri:in'f?:sm?nt] n.增强，加固；强化

rejection [ri'd?ek??n] n.拒绝，抵制；驳回

relaxation [ri:l?k'sei??n] n.松弛，放松；缓和，减轻；休养relevant ['reliv?nt] a.贴切的，中肯的；与…有关的(to) reliability[ri?lai?'biliti] n.可靠性

relief [ri'li:f] n.(痛苦，压迫等)减轻，宽慰；救济

religion [ri'lid??n] n.宗教；宗教信仰

remark [ri'mɑ:k]vt./vi.说，评论，议论 n.评论，看法remedial [ri'mi:di?l] a.治疗的，治疗上用的；补救的

remedy ['remidi] n.治疗；补救(法) vt.治疗，补救

renewal [ri'nju:?l] n.更新；重新开始

rephrase [ri:'friz] vt.重新措辞，改用别的话表示

replace [ri'pleis] vt.把…放回(原处)；更换，以…替代replacement [ri'pleism?nt] n.复位，复职；替换，代替replicate ['replikeit] vt.重复；复制

representation[?reprizen'tei??n] n.描写，表现；代表，代理representative[?repri'zent?tiv]n代表（人 a典型的有代表性的repressive [ri'presiv] a.镇压的；抑制的

reproduce[?ri:pr?'dju:s] vt.繁殖；再生产；复制；再现，重现republican [ri'p?blik?n] a.共和国的；共和党的 n.共和党党员request [ri'kwest] vt./n.请求，要求

research [ri's?:t?] n.研究，调查 vi.调查，研究

reset[?ri:'set] vt./n.重新安排，重调

resettlement n.重新定居，重新安置

resonance ['rezn?ns] n.回声，反响；共振，共鸣

respectively [ri'spektivli] ad.各自地，分别地

response [ri'sp?ns] n.作答，回答；响应，反应

restriction [ri'strik??n] n.限制；约束

resume ['rezju:mei] n.摘要，梗概；个人简历

retention [ri'ten??n] n.保持；保留

revision [ri'vi??n] n.修订，修改

revolve [ri'v?lv] vi.旋转；绕转

rhythm ['rie?m] n.韵律，格律；节奏

rhythmic ['riemik] a.有韵律的；有节奏的

rightly ['raitli] ad.公正地，正当地；合适地，恰当地

ritualize ['rit?u?laiz] vt./vi.(行为模式)仪式化

rivalry ['raiv?lri] n.竞争；对抗

robot ['r?ub?t] n.机器人；自动控制装置

robotics [r?u'b?tiks] n.机器人学，机器人技术

rock'n'roll[?r?k ?n 'r?ul] n.摇滚乐，摇滚舞

rote [r?ut] n.死记硬背；机械的方法

route [ru:t] n.路线；航线

routine [ru:'ti:n] n.日常工作 a.日常的；例行的；常规的running ['r?ni?]n.跑，赛跑；竞选

s

safeguard ['seifgɑ:d]vt.保护，捍卫 n.保护措施

sake [seik] n.缘故

salient ['seili?nt] a.突出的，凸起的；显著的

satisfaction[?s?tis'f?k??n] n.满意，满足

Saudi ['sa?di] n.沙特阿拉伯人 a.沙特阿拉伯(人或语)的

scale [skeil] n.刻度，表度；规模；比例(尺)；天平

scarce [ske?s, skers] a.缺乏的，不足的；稀有的，珍贵的scheme [ski:m] n.计划；方案 vt./vi.计划，策划

schoolhouse ['sku:lhaus] n.(小学或乡村学校)校舍

secondary ['sek?nd?ri, -deri] a.第二位的，次要的；中等的secretary ['sekr?t?ri, -teri] n.秘书；书记；部长，大臣

seismic ['saizmik] a.地震的

senior a.年长的；地位高的，大学四年级的 n.年长者，上级sensible ['sens?b?l] a.感觉得到的；明智的，明白事理的sensitive ['sensitiv] a.敏感的；灵敏的，感光的

sensitivity[?sens?'tiviti] n.敏感性；灵敏度

sentiment ['sentim?nt] n.感情，情绪；感伤

separation[?sep?'rei??n] n.分开，分类；分隔

serene [si'ri:n] a.安详的；宁静的

series ['si?ri:z] n.一系列，连续；丛书，套；［电］串联sexually ['seksju?li] ad.在性方面

shackle ['??k?l] n.［常pl.］镣铐；［pl.］束缚，枷锁

shade [?eid] n.荫，阴影；罩vt.遮蔽，遮光

shelf [?elf] n.(壁橱，书橱内)搁板；架子

shift [?ift] vt./vi.替换；转移 n.转换，转移；轮班

shocking ['??ki?] n.令人震惊的，骇人听闻的

shorten ['??:tn] vt./vi.缩短，缩小；减少

8

shrink [?ri?k]vt./vi./n.收缩；缩小；退缩，畏缩

simplify ['simplifai] vt.简化

simulate ['simjuleit] vt.假装，冒充；模仿，模拟

singer['si??] n.歌唱家，歌手

skilled [skild] a.熟练的；有技能的

slack [sl?k] a.懒散的；行动迟缓的vi.松懈 n.淡季

slavery ['sleiv?ri] n.奴隶制度，奴役；奴隶身份

sleepy ['sli:pi] a.困倦的，嗜睡的

slip [slip] vi.滑动，滑过；溜，溜走 vt.使滑动

slippery ['slip?ri] a.滑的；圆滑的

smother ['sm?e?] vt./vi.使窒息；抑制；闷死 n.浓烟；窒息sociology[?s?usi'?l?d?i] n.社会学

solar ['s?ul?] a.太阳的，日光的；利用太阳光的

solely ['s?ulli] ad.单独地；唯一地

solicit [s?'lisit] vt.请求；恳求

sonority [s?'n?riti] n.响亮，洪亮

span [sp?n] n.指距，跨距；一段时间

specialist ['spe??list] n.专家

specific [spi'sifik] a.特有的，特定的；具体的，明确的speculate ['spekjuleit] vi.思索；推测vt.投机；思索，推测speculation[?spekju'lei??n] n.推测，猜测；投机

speechless ['spi:t?l?s] a.不会说话的；不说话的

spokesman ['sp?uksm?n] n.发言人；代言人

spontaneous [sp?n'teini?s a自发的，本能的自动的；出自自然的sportsman ['sp?:tsm?n] n.爱好运动的人；运动员

spray [sprei] n.水花；喷雾 vt.喷；喷涂 vi.喷；溅散

spur [sp?:] vt.激励，鞭策 n.踢马刺；刺激，激励，鼓舞starvation [stɑ:'vei??n]n.饥饿；饿死

starve [stɑ:v]vi.饿死；挨饿；极需，渴望 vt.使挨饿statistically [st?'tistik?li] ad.在统计方面

statistics [st?'tistiks] n.统计数字，统计资料；单］统计学status ['steit?s] n.情形，状况；地位，身份

steadily ['stedili] ad.稳固地；稳定地

sterile ['sterail] a.不育的，贫瘠的；无菌的，消过毒的

sterility [st?'riliti] n.不生育，不结果，贫瘠；消毒，无菌

stir [st?:] vt.搅拌；激起 vi.走动；活动 n.惊动

stopwatch ['st?pw?t?] n.(赛跑用的)跑表 vt.用秒表测定时间strategically [str?'ti:d?ik?li] ad.战略上地，颇具策略地strategist ['str?tid?ist] n.战略家

strategy ['str?tid?i] n.战略；策略

stressful ['stresful] a.紧张的，压力重的

stricken ['strik?n] a.被打中的，被击伤的；受灾的，受侵袭的studied ['st?did] a.深思熟虑的；故意的，蓄意的

studio ['stju:di?u] n.工作室；播音室，演播室；电影制片厂suboptimization n.局部最优化

subside [s?b'said] vi.沉淀；沉降；平静下来，平息，减退subtle ['s?tl] a.精巧的，精妙的；微妙的，难以捉摸的

subtly ['s?tli] ad.精巧地，精妙地；微妙地，难以捉摸地

subversive [s?b'v?:siv] a.颠覆性的；起破坏作用的

suicide ['su:isaid, 'sju:-] vt./vi./n.自杀

suitable ['su:t?b?l, 'sju:-] a.合适的；适当的

summarize ['s?m?raiz] vt./vi.概述，总结

superachiasmatic a.超(染色体)交叉的

supernova[?su:p?'n?uv?, ?sju:-] n.［天］超新星

surprisingly [s?'praizi?li]ad.惊人地；出乎意料地

surrounding [s?'raundi?]n.周围的事物；环境 a.周围的

suspect ['s?spekt, s?'spekt]vtvi疑有；推测n嫌疑犯，可疑分子sustain [s?'stein] vt.支撑，承受住；供养，维持

swallow [sw?l?u] vt.吞咽 n.燕子

sweat [swet] n.汗 vi.出汗 vt.使出汗

Sweden ['swi:dn]瑞典

switch [swit?] n.开关，转换器 v.转换；接通或切断…电流

symphony ['simf?ni] n.交响曲，交响乐；交响乐队，交响音乐会symptom ['simpt?m] n.症状，征兆

synchronize['si?kr?naiz] vi.同时发生，同步 vt.使同步

synthesis['sinθisis] n.结合，合成

T

tangible ['t?nd??b?l] a.可触摸的，可感知的；确实的，真实的technician [tek'ni??n] n.技术员；技术专家

technologist [tek'n?l?d?ist] n.工艺学家；技术学家

temper ['temp?] vt.［治］使回火，锻炼；调合

temporarily ['temp?r?rili] ad.暂时地，临时地

temptation [temp'tei??n] n.引诱，诱惑

tendency ['tend?nsi] n.趋势，倾向

texture ['tekst??] n.组织，质地；织品，织物

thalidomide[θ?'lid?maid] n.［药］萨立多胺

thematic[θi:'m?tik] a.题目的，主题的；主旋律的

theme[θi:m] n.题目，主题；主旋律

theoretical[θi?'retik?l] a.理论上的

thereby ['ee?bai] ad.由此，从而

thinker['θi?k?] n.思想家；思考者

threatening['θretni?] a.威胁(性)的，凶兆的

thrilling['θrili?]a.令人激动的；颤动的，震颤的

tick n.(钟表的)滴答声v. (钟表的)滴答响

tier [ti?] n.排层；等级

tighten ['taitn] vt./vi.(使)变紧；拧紧

timer ['taim?] n.计时员，定时器

timing['taimi?] n.时间的选择；计时，定时

toilet ['t?ilit] n.盥洗室；厕所

tone [t?un] n.音调，音色；腔调，语气；声调，语调

toss [t?s] vt.抛，掷；使动荡 vi.摇摆，颠簸

touching ['t?t?i?]a.动人的，使人感伤的

toxicity [t?k'sisiti] n.毒性

trace [treis] n.痕迹，踪迹；微量，少许 vt.跟踪，查找

trade-off n.(对不能同时兼顾的因素)权衡；物物交换

tradition [tr?'di??n] n.传统；惯例

9

traditionalist n.传统主义者；因循守旧者

transfer vt/vi转移；改变；转学；换车船 n.转移，传输，变换transformation[?tr?nsf?'mei??n] n.变化，转化；改造，改革transport [tr?n'sp?:t] vt.运输 n.运输

trick [trik] n.诡计；恶作剧

tricky ['triki] a.狡猾的，耍花招的；难以处理的

tropical ['tr?pik?l] a.热带的；炎热的

truthfully['tru:θf?li] ad.说真话的，如实地

tube [tju:b, tu:b] n.管；电子管，真空管；［英］地铁

tune [tju:n, tu:n] n.曲调；和谐，协调 vt.调音；使合谐，调节twin [twin] a./n.双胞胎(的)［Twins］［天］双子座

typical ['tipik?l] a.典型的，代表性的

U

ultimate ['?ltimit] a.最后的，最终的

ultimately ['?ltimitli] ad.最后，最终地

unattractive [?n?'tr?ktiv] a.无吸引力的；不引人注意的unchanging [?n't?eid?i?] a.不变的

unconventional [?nk?n'ven??n?l] a.非常规的，不落俗套的underestimate[??nd?r'estimeit] vt.低估；看轻

undergo[??nd?'g?u] vt.经历，经受；忍受

undergraduaten(尚未取得学位的)大学生a.大学生的underground[??nd?'graund]a地下的；秘密的ad.在地下；隐蔽地underlie[??nd?'lai]vt.支撑；构成(理论，政策，行为等)的基础undertake[??nd?'teik] vt.着手做，进行；承担，从事，答应undisturbed[??ndis't?:bd] a.不受干扰的；宁静的

undue[??n'dju:, -'du:] a.过度的，过分的

unethical [?n'eθik?l] a.不合伦理的；不合道德的

unexamined[??nig'z?mind, -eg-] a.未检查的；未审查的

unfair [?n'fe?] a.不公平的，不公正的

unhappy [?n'h?pi] n.不快乐的，愁苦的；不幸的

unintended[??nin'tendid] a.非计划中的，非故意的

union ['ju:ni?n] n.工会，协会；结合，联合

uniqueness [ju:'ni:knis] n.独一无二；独特

unison ['ju:nis?n] n.一致；协调

universal[?ju:ni'v?:s?l] a.宇宙的，全世界的；普遍的，通用的unlikely [?n'laikli] a.未必可能的；靠不住的

unlovable a.不可爱的；不讨人喜爱的

unreasonable [?n'ri:z?n?bl] a.不讲道理的；不合情理的，过度的upheaval [?p'hi:v?l] n.胀起，(地壳)的隆起；剧变，动乱

up-to-date ['?pt?'deit] a.最新的，现代化的；直至目前的upwards ['?pw?dz] ad.向上；趋向上升

urban ['?:b?n] a.城市的，都市的

V

vaccine ['v?ksi:n] n.牛痘苗；疫苗 a.牛痘的；疫苗的

vague [veig] a.含糊的；不明确的

vain [vein] a.徒劳的

varied ['ve?rid] a.各种各样的；杂色的，斑斓的

vengeance ['vend??ns] n.报仇，报复

veteran ['vet?r?n] n.老兵，老手；退伍军人 a.经验丰富的

vision ['vi??n] n.想像力，幻觉；视力，视觉；眼光

vital ['vaitl] a.生命的；有生命力的；极其重要的

vividly ['vividli] ad.鲜明地；生动地

voluntary ['v?l?nt?ri] a.自愿的，志愿的；自发的

volunteer[?v?l?n'ti?] n.志愿者；志愿兵 a.志愿的 vi.志愿

vote [v?ut] n.选举，投票；票，选票 vi.投票，选举

voter ['v?ut?] n.选举人，投票人

vulnerable ['v?ln?r?b?l] a.易受伤的，弱小的；易受…攻击的W

wakefulness n.觉醒，不眠

warfare ['w?:fe?] n.战争，作战，交战；斗争，竞争

waylay[?wei'lei]vt.伏击；拦住…问讯

wayside ['weisaid] n.路边 a.路边的

weaken ['wi:k?n] vt.削弱，减弱 vi.变弱

wealthy['welθi] a.富裕的；丰富的

weed [wi:d] n.杂草，野草 vt.除草，拔草

weekly ['wi:kli] a.每周的ad.每周(一次) n.周刊，周报

weld [weld] vt./n.焊接

well-being['wel'bi:i?]n.健康；福利，幸福

well-established [weli'st?bli?t] a.固定下来的；得到确认的whereas [we?r'?z] conj.而，却；反之

whilst [wailst] conj.(=while)当…时；然而；虽然，尽管

white-collar [wait'k?l?] a.白领阶层的，从事脑力劳动的

winner ['win?] n.获胜者，优胜者；成功者

withdraw [wie'dr?:] vt.收回，提取；撤退 vi.撤退；退缩

workman ['w?:km?n] n.工人，劳动者

worthless ['w?:θl?s]a.无价值的，无用的；不足道的，不可取的wrath[r?θ, r?:θ] n.愤怒，愤慨

Y

Youthful a.年轻的、朝气蓬勃的

10

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