新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程Unit
U n i t O n e Man and Nature
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
▆Working with Words and Expressions
1.In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following
sentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) spark
2) compelled
3) bare
4) scrape
5) destruction
6) output
7) retreat
8) tipped
9) miracle
10) eternal
11) pile
12) transfer
13) mass
14) thereby
15) have emerged
16) trigger
17) threaten
18) consumed
19) hollow
2.In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences
with them. Change the form where necessary.
▆Answers:
1) show signs of
2) cope with
3) lives in fear of
4) tough it out
5) cut down
6) from head to foot
7) searched out
8) nothing short of
9) As yet
10) settle in
11) take heart
▆Increasing Your Word Power
1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage. Reflect on the
differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.
▆ Answers:
1) temptation
2) attraction
3) chance
4) opportunity
5) states
6) country
7) warned
8) threatened / threatens
9) refuse
10) reject
11) total
12) gross
2. A blend is a word produced by combining parts of other words, such as “comsat”from
“communications” and “satellite”. Try to find out what words the following blends are formed from.
3.Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must be opposite in
meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.
▆ Answers:
1) individual
2) contradictory
3) destructive
4) rational
5) primitive
6) synthetic
7) distant
8) pessimistic
9) irreplaceable
10) enormous
Grammar in Context
1.Study the following sentences from Text B and point out the grammatical function of each of the
present participles used as an adverbial.
▆ Answers:
1) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances
2) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances
3) an adverbial of result
4) an adverbial of result
5) an adverbial of manner; accompanying circumstances
6) an adverbial of result
7) an adverbial of time
2. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English, using a
present participle as an adverbial.
▆ Answers:
1) killing thousands upon thousands of people
2) raising the average yield by 15 percent
3) trying to deduce its operating principle
4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his / her book
5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time
6) leaving the project unfinished
7) Turning to the right
8) Not wanting to make the patient nervous
Cloze
▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.
▆ Answers:
(1) realm
(2) elemental
(3) obtain
(4) stubbornly
(5) transferred
(6) transformed
(7) subdued
(8) expansion
(9) irreplaceable
(10) extinct
(11) dynamic
(12) verge
(13) moderate
(14) ecological
(15) rational
Translation
1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
▆ Answers for Reference:
1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.
2) In only twenty years the country w as transformed into an advanced industrial power.
3) Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.
4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.
5) There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.
6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.
7) Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.
8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.
9) Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.
10) Ask for help. Don’t tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life. 2. Translate the following passage into English.
▆ Answers for reference:
Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.
Human beings are connected with natu re by “blood” ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.
Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.
Theme-Related Writing
▆ Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic “My Understanding of Environmental Protection”. Your writing should cover the following points:
1) the relationship between man and the environment
2) the urgency of environmental protection
3) ways to protect the environment
▆Sample essay
My Understanding of Environmental Protection
Man and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and the environment is essential for human survival on the earth.
However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to
changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.
We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.
(167 words)
Unit Two
Man and Technology
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
▆ Working with Words and Expressions
1.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences
with them. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers:
1)productivity
2)phenomenon
3)isolation
4)gradual
5)opponent
6)advent
7)genetic
8)universal
9)extreme
10)nasty
11)boom
12)formal
13)survey
14)Similarly
15)modify
16)rough
2.In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their
meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.
▆ Answers:
1)at the same time
2)are stuck with
3)for certain
4)make no difference
5)on average
6)when it comes to
7)are better off
8)built into
9)come to mind
10)close to
11)i n favor of
▆Increasing Your Word Power
4.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage. Reflect on the
differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.
▆ Answers:
1)exterior
2)external
3)delightful
4)pleasant
5)separate
6)isolate
7)company
8)companion
9)acquire
10)learn
11)ripe
12)mature
5.Fill in each blank with one of the words listed below in the appropriate form, paying special attention
to the meaning and spelling.
▆ Answers:
1)accept
2)oppression
3)loss
4)excerpts
5)depression
6)loose
7)except
8)expectations
9)lose
10)suppress
6.Words that come from the same root may be said to belong to the same family. Getting acquainted with
each member of the family is a sure way to increase your word power. Now complete the following table with words of the same family. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.
▆ Answers:
1)technology
2)eternity
3)miracle
4)relevance
5)analysis
6)luxurious
7)leisurely / leisured
8)subjective
9)prosperous
10)i nnovative
GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT
Task 1: Complete the following sentences with appropriate connectives listed in the following table. ▆ Answers:
1)Whatever
2)Although / Though
3)whereas
4)However
5)though / although
6)Granted / Granting that
7)as
8)While
Task 2: Translate the following sentences into English.
▆ Answers for reference:
3.Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
4.You will have to attend the commencement whether you are free or busy.
5.She leaves her bedroom windows open, however cold it is.
6.We will make a trip even if / though the weather is bad.
7.No matter who / Whoever you are, you must abide by the law.
8.Difficult as the job was, they decided to accept it.
9.No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I?m wrong.
10.She seems to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when I ask her a question. Cloze
Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given. ▆ Answers:
1)emphasize
2)opposite
3)improved
4)luxuries
5)benefited
6)obviously
7)consciously
8)fractures
9)eternal
10)groundbreaking
11)entitled
12)correlation
13)depends
14)exclusively
Translation
1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for reference:
1)He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant.
2)The latest survey shows /showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government’s plan
to build a new library.
3)The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation because
several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.
4)I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.
5)He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.
6)Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not.
7)The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.
8)These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is that their job is more dangerous.
9)Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.
10)What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes no
difference whether I go there or not.
2.Translate the following passage into English.
▆ Answers for reference:
Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s sta ndard of living is getting higher and higher. People’s life expectancy has soared, too.
However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.
Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they live on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.
Theme-Related Writing
Write an essay of no less than 150 words about a technological invention. Y our writing should cover the following points:
1) a brief description of the invention
2) the positive impact of the invention on people’s life
3) the negative impact of the invention on people’s life
4) your opinion
▇Sample essay:
The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s Lives
Among the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.
The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.
Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.
Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better. (184 words)
Unit Three
Fame and Success
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
Working with Words and Expressions
1. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.
▆Answers:
11.fortune 2) dull 3) chased 4) launched 5) accompanied
7.intrinsic 7) ranks 8) publicity 9) sufficiently 10) image
3.target 12) transform 13) temporarily 14) cover 15) bored
16) audiences 17) regard 18) acknowledged 19) predict
2. In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.
▆Answers:
13)thrown out 2) and so on 3) for dear life 4) set their sights on 5) was tired of
11)turn away 7) hang on 8) in his presence 9) live with 10) nothing but
11)for good 12) set out 13) What if 14) tire of
▆Increasing Your Word Power
1. Study the following usage notes about the verbs in the box..
Now complete each of the following sentences with the most appropriate word from the above box.
▆ Answers:
12)grasped 2) was snatched 3) Clasping 4) Catch 5) seized
15)gripped 7) grabbed 8) clutch
2. The following table shows some typical verb + noun collocations, as indicated by the symbol √. Examine the table carefully and then fill in each blank in the following sentences with a suitable verb from the table.
▆ Answers:
11)reached / secured 2) achieved/ attained 3) attained / reached
17)reach / secure 5) achieved / realized/ fulfilled 6) fulfill / meet / satisfy
3. Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must be opposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C.
▆Answers:
9)dull 2) competitive 3) same 4) momentary 5) specific 6) sufficient 7) cruel 8) humble
9) famous 10) reasonable
Grammar in context
1. Study the following sentences and point out the grammatical function of each of the infinitive phrases.
▆Answers:
1) (real) subject 2) object complement 3) object
4) adverbial of purpose 5) adverbial of purpose 6) object to the ve rb “make”
7) adverbial of result 8) subject, predicate 9) attributive modifying “ways”
10) predicate
2. Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English.
▆Answers:
1) To become a famous writer
2) to take traveler’s ch ecks
3) to employ a young engineer
4) take the machine apart
5) To understand the situation completely
6) to rise higher in position
7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before
8) to apply for a known job opening
9) to make trouble
10) To be more exact
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.
▆ Answers:
1) chase 2) reputation 3) dedicate / devote 4) reward 5) sufficiently 6) measured
7) assure 8) Momentary 9) celebrity 10) target 11) frank 12) liberty
13) illusory 14) regard
Translation
1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.
▆ Answers for reference:
3.He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.
4.The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.
5.The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.
6.She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.
7.I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.
8.One of the main reasons why they have messed up their lives is that they did not have a good school
education when young.
9.Mary is already famous, but she is not happy at all because she’s been obsessed with thoughts of
becoming even more famous.
10.With the development of science and technology, people now can have easy access to educational,
medical and many other kinds of information.
11.The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager
and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.
12.I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.
2.Translate the following passage into English.
▆ Answers for reference:
Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect from the public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.
It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried
hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.
Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. As long as you have tried your best, you’re already successful whether you are famous or not.
Theme-Related Writing
Write a composition of no less than 150 words on the topic “Fame —Good or Evil?”. Your paper should cover the following points:
1) the advantages of being famous
2) the disadvantages of being famous
3) your attitude towards fame
Sample essay:
Fame — Good or Evil?
Fame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame can assure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc. Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applause and flowers from fans may boost one’s self-confidence and increase one’s sense of fulfillment.
However, fame can ruin one’s life, too. It deprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his private life never escapes the media’s attention or public curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.
So fame is a double-edged sword. I don’t seek fame and I don’t envy those who are famous. I highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: “The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame.”
第四章答案
Enhance Your Language Awareness
Words in Action
▇Working with Words and Expressions
1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.
■Answers:
1) mass
2) gambled
3) voluntary
4) hunted
5) classified
6) abolished
7) division
8) senseless
9) fashions
10) coordination
11) declarations
12) committed
13) necessity
14) moderately
15) slightest
16) considerable
17) evaluate
18) derived
2 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.
■Answers:
1) stands/stood a chance
2) ruled out
3) consist /consists of
4) gone through
5) in the strict sense
6) At a guess
7) earns a living
8) coincide with
9) gone in for
10) got their teeth into
▆ Increasing Your Word Power
1 Word Building
Did you notice the suffix -ary and -ory in words such as “voluntary” and “satisfactory” in Texts A and B? The suffix -ary or -ory can be added to a noun to form an adjective. Now add the suffixes of -ary or -ory to the nouns in the following table to form adjectives, then translate them into Chinese.
▆
1) imaginary
2) congratulatory
3) Migratory
4) documentary
5) legendary
6) introductory
7) contradictory
8) explanatory
2 Study the following usage notes and then complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate word from the box.
▆ Answers for reference:
1) vocation
2) posts
3) trade
4) job
5) work
6) profession
7) career
8) position
3 Underline the mistakes in the following sentences, paying special attention to the use of prepositions. Write down your corrections in the space provided. If there is no mistake, write “No Mistake”.
▇Answers:
1) ( of
2) ( against ) This incident can by no means justify their discrimination for the black
people.
3) ( for ) My son has little aptitude of sport but he excels in music.
4) ( with ) The deceased musician was buried in his home village in accordance to his
wishes.
5) ( over ) The mayor (市长) presided on the ceremony to lay the foundation stone of the
new museum.
6) ( of ) Truth be told, I am envious about his fame and success though I always
pretend otherwise.
7) ( in ) The old man’s will was signed at the presence of two witnesses—his younger
sister and one of his favourite students.
8) ( No Mistake ) When Britain declared war on Germany, Jack’s grandpa joined the army and
his grandma was frightened for his safety all the time.
9) ( of ) The marketing strategy that I designed proved successful and my boss was
very appreciative for my efforts.
10) (No Mistake ) The new theatre is very spacious, but unfortunately, it is difficult of access
for wheel-chair users.
11) ( for ) Edward Snowden was on a plane bound to Moscow when he got to know
that his passport had been revoked (吊销) by the US government.
12) ( of ) Professor Peterson is very contemptuous for the so-called “popular” writers,
whom he describes as talentless and worthless.
Grammar in Context
1 Turn the following complex sentences into simple sentences.
▇Answers for reference:
1) I don’t remember having borrowed/borrowing anything from you.
2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.
3) The prospect of Professor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us al l.
4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.
5) Arriving at the school gate, he found his classmates had already assembled.
2 Replace the that-clause in each of the sentences with a prepositional phrase.
▇Answers for reference:
1) He was afraid of falling behind the others.
2) We were all amused at Henry’s running after the dog in his slippers.
3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan?
4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.
5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them.
Cloze
Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.
▇Answers:
(1) enjoy
(2) physical
(3) compelled
(4) necessity
(5) support
(6) mental
(7) idealize
(8) status
(9) values
(10) classified
(11) essential
(12) mind
(13) attitude
(14) fortunate
Translation
1 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or expressions given in brackets.
▇ Answers for reference:
1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, she was
compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as general manager/ resign from the post of general manager) of the company.
2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.
3) I bought this shirt because the pricet was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.
4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.
5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.
6) The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps as soon as
possible to solve the problems of air pollution.
7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured
leg.
8）If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.
9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it
from the library and read it.
10) At th e 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-
meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.
2 Translate the following passage into English.
▇Answers for reference:
Some peopl e think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiasm, imagination and creativity.
To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.
In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he will find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work.
THEME-RELATED WRITING
Write a composition of no l ess than 150 words on the topic “My Career Choice”. Your writing should cover the following points:
1) the kind of job you prefer to do
2) factors you consider when choosing the job
3) conclusion
▆Sample Essay:
My Career Choice
When it comes to the choice of career, different people consider the matter from different perspectives. Personally I prefer to be a teacher.
I have three reasons for my decision. The first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with my personality. Being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, I think I am able to communicate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes
an important factor in ensuring success in teaching. The second reason is that I am interested in the job. It would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up. The third reason is related to my occupational attitude. I always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status. I have always held my teachers in respect and I hope I would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future.
I think teaching is an ideal career for me. Being a university student now, I will work hard to realize my dream.
(198 words)