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翻译的基本技巧--被动语态的翻译电子教案

翻译的基本技巧--被动语态的翻译电子教案
翻译的基本技巧--被动语态的翻译电子教案

翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法

语态转换译法

1 顺译法

1.1 顺译成被动句

1.2 顺译成主动句

2 倒译法

2.1 把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语

2.2 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语

2.3 倒译成汉语的无主句

3 分译法

一、顺译法

既保留原文的主语,又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。

1 顺译法(Translation in Original Order)

1. 1 顺译成被动句

A.译成“被”字

所谓“被”字句,就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊,或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者(受事者)是不乐意或不情愿接受的。

例1:Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated.

【译文】维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。

例2:Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they themselves germinate. 【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精,植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏,以备种子未来发芽之需。

例3:She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, mad, and imbruted partner! (Charlotte Bront?: Jane Eyre)

【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的,做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套,跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。

B. 译成“挨”字句

“挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者(受事者)不利或不好的句子。

例1:The boy was criticized yesterday.

【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。

例2:I was caught in the downpour.

【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。

C. 译成“给”字句

“给”也是用于翻译该动作对动作接受者(受事者)不愉快或不愿接受的句子。

例1:Our clothes were soaked with sweat.

【译文】我们的衣服给汗水湿透了。

例2:The crops were washed away by the flood.

【译文】庄稼给大水冲跑了。

例3:Your car was towed away by a towing truck from Lewis Company.

【译文】路易斯公司的一辆拖车把你的汽车给拖走了。

D. 译成“叫、让、由、受、遭到、受到、予、予以、加、加以、引以、为……所、经……所”等字句,用以加强说话、表达语气。

例1:You have been wetted in the rain.

【译文】你叫雨淋湿了。

例2:The γ-rays are not affected by an electric field.

【译文】γ射线不受电场影响。

例3:A lot of houses and buildings, roads and bridges were damaged in the seaquake.

【译文】许多房屋建筑、道路桥梁在这次海啸中遭到破坏。

例4:It must be dealt with at the appropriate time with appropriate means.

【译文】这件事必须在适当的时候用适当的手段予以处理。

课堂互动1:翻译下列句子, 顺译成被动句。

1.Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.

【译文】立功的人将受到奖励。

2.A program called a compiler was written by an expert in machine code and is stored in the computer.

【译文】编译程序先由专家用机器代码编码写好,然后储存在计算机中。3.Translation techniques should be paid enough attention to.

【译文】翻译技巧应予以足够的重视。

4.The applicants interviewed are required to hand in some necessary material.

【译文】被谈过话的申请人,要求交上必要的材料。

5.Television keeps us informed about current events at home and abroad.

【译文】电视使我们了解国内外大事。

1. 2 顺译成主动句

A. 顺译成形式是主动,意义上是被动的句子

把英语句子顺译成主动句,其形式是主动,但从意义和逻辑关系上看还是被动句。

例1:Love can not be forced.

【译文】爱情不能强求。

例2:Love and cough cannot be hidden.

【译文】爱情和咳嗽都无法隐藏。

例3:My holidays afternoons were spent in rambling about the surrounding country. (Washington Irving)

【译文】每逢假日的下午,我总要漫步周围的乡村。

例4:Illness must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treated with medicine.

【译文】疾病必须先确诊,再用药。

B. 改变原文的谓语动词,顺译成主动句

如果把英语的被动句译成汉语的被动句,则不符合汉语的语言习惯,所以常可将英语的

被动句顺译成汉语的主动句,原文的谓语动词是被动形式,可转变谓语,顺译成汉语的主动形式。

例1:The teacher was satisfied with the answer.

【译文】老师对回答感到满意。

例2:I am told you are careless.

【译文】听说你很粗心大意。

例3:The long river is originated from that high mountain.

【译文】这条大河发源于那座山。

C. 顺译成“是……的”结构

英语句子要着重表示的不是受事者受到了某个行动这样一个事实本身,而是与这个行动有关的一些具体情况,如时间、地点、方式、方法等。也就是说,句子里强调的是行动的静态而不是动态的含义。这样就可以顺译成汉语的“是……的”的句式。其框架为“受事者—是—动词—的”。

例1:That ridiculous idea was put forward by his brother.

【译文】这个怪念头是他哥哥想出来的。

例2:The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.

【译文】美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。

例3:Poetry was chanted to the accompaniment of the lyre.

【译文】诗歌吟唱时是由七弦琴伴奏的。

例4:The left ear is controlled by the right side of the brain.

【译文】左耳是由大脑的右侧控制的。

课堂互动2:翻译下列句子, 顺译成主动句

1.This is a question to be answered at once.

【译文】这是一个要立即回答的问题。

2.We are deeply touched by the hero’s loyalty to the cause.

【译文】我们深为英雄忠于事业的精神所感动。

3.The novels of Dickens have already been translated into many languages.

【译文】狄更斯的小说已经译成了好几种语言。

4.The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of agricultural science.

【译文】这一发现在农业科学界得到很高的评价。

5.Wells and spring are supplied with underground water.

【译文】井水和泉水都是地下水。

6.I was received by a tall, lithe, vibrant woman in her 70’s, white-haired, and still beautiful. 【译文】接见我的是一位高挑轻盈、满头银发的女人。虽然年逾古稀,却依然神采奕奕、风韵犹存。

2. 倒译法(Translation in Reverse Order)

倒译法就是将英语被动句的主语汉译成宾语的翻译方法。倒译法又分完全倒译法和部分倒译法。完全倒译法是把原文by或其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语;部分倒译法译出的汉语句子常是无主句。

2. 1 把by 后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语

例1:Yet, only a part of this energy is used by man.

【译文】然而,人类只利用了这种能量的一部分。

例2:Rivers are controlled by dams.

【译文】拦河大坝把河流控制住了。

例3:We are brought freedom and happiness by socialism.

【译文】社会主义给我们带来了自由和幸福。

例4:Light and heat can be given to us by the sun.

【译文】太阳供给我们光和热。

例5:At least two quarts of water are required daily by a normal individual.

【译文】一个正常的人每天至少需要两夸脱的水。

2. 2 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语

例1:Heat is removed from the body during sweating.

【译文】出汗时人体散发热量。

例2:Abundant exercises and problems are provided in this reference book.

【译文】这本参考书提供了大量的练习和问题。

例3:The same signs and symbols of mathematics are used throughout the world.

【译文】全世界都使用同样的数学记号和符号。

例4:50 laboratories have been built in our school.

【译文】我们学校已建立了50个实验室。

例5:The compass was invented in China 4 000 years ago.

【译文】4000年前中国发明了指南针。

2. 3 倒译成汉语的无主句

将原文主语倒译成汉语的宾语,译出的汉语句子常是无主句。有时也会译成动宾词组作主语的句子,这种译法更符合汉语习惯,通顺自然。对于原文中未提及动作执行者(施事者)的句子常可采取这种翻译方法。

例1:Quality of products must be guaranteed first.

【译文】首先要确保产品的质量。

例2:The goods are urgently needed.

【译文】急需此货。

例3:Smoking is not allowed here.

【译文】此处禁止吸烟。

例4:Children should be taught to speak the truth.

【译文】应该教育儿童讲真话。

例5:You are supposed to pay right after the books are delivered.

【译文】书到后应立即付款。

课堂互动3:运用倒译法翻译下列句子

1.Tremendous research work is required to bring about such fantastic speeds.

【译文】要达到如此神奇的速度,需要进行大规模的研究工作。

2.Helsinki became a flourishing port, and a university was founded at Turku.

【译文】赫尔辛基变成了一个繁荣的港口,在图尔库还建成了一所大学。

3.The matter was never mentioned again ever since.

【译文】从那以后再也没有提起过那件事。

4.I am saying that if they are read in a historical order, the effort is rewarded.

【译文】我是说,如果按历史顺序阅读,则不会徒劳无益。

3 分译法(Splitting Translation)

把原文的主语部分或被动式谓语动词从原文中分出来,单独译成一个带主语或不带主语的分句,放在句首,剩余部分再译成一句或几句,跟在其后。

3. 1 “It + be + V.-ed + that-cl. ”结构

It is asked that …有人会问……

It is asserted that …有人主张……

It is felt that …有人感到……;人们认为……;

It is preferred that…有人建议……

It is recommended that …有人建议……;有人推荐……

It is suggested that …有人建议……

It is stressed that …有人强调说……

It will be said that …有人会说……

It is believed that …有人相信……

It is estimated that …有人估计……

It is announced that …有人通知……; 有人宣称……

It is pointed out that …有人指出……

It is claimed that …有人宣称……

It is declared that …有人提出……

It is described that …有人介绍说……

It has been objected that …有人反驳说……

It is thought that …人们认为……;有人认为……

It is taken that …人们认为……

It is reputed that …人们认为……

It is regarded that …人们认为……

It is noticed that …人们注意到……;有人指出……

It is noted that …人们注意到……;有人指出……

It is sometimes asked that …人们有时会问……

It was told that …人们曾说……

It is supposed that …人们猜测……

It is expected that …人们希望……

It is hoped that …人们希望……

It is still to be hoped that …我们仍应希望……

It is generally considered that …大家认为……

It is well known that …众所周知……

例1:It is pointed out that there may be as many as 100 000 different sorts of proteins in a man’s body.

【译文】有人指出人体内不同种类的蛋白质可多达10万种。

例2:It is well known that laughter has a tonic effect on the mind and body, suffusing the body with a feeling of well-being.

【译文】人们知道,笑具有健身作用,身心皆宜,它可以使人体充满一种愉快的感觉。

例3:During the enquiry, it was discovered that her death had not been an accident.

【译文】在调查中,人们发现她并非死于意外事故。

例4:It is generally assumed that the ascertainment and recording of facts is the technique of history, and that the phenomena in the province of this technique are the social phenomena of civilization.

【译文】一般人都认为考核和记录事实是历史的方法,在这种方法使用范围以内的现象就是文明的社会现象。

3. 2 “S + be + v.-ed + to-v.”结构

原句的主语是名词或人称代词,翻译时添加“有人,人们,大家,我们”等,译成分句,其余部分分层译出。此结构如下:

S + be known to-V …大家知道,……/人们(都)知道,……

S + be held to-V …人们认为,……

S + be considered to-V …我们认为,……

S + be found to –V …人们发现,……

S + be thought to-V …有人认为,……

例1:All bodies on the earth are known to possess weight.

【译文】人们(都)知道,地球上的一切物质均具有重量。

例2:Little Derick was found at his book in the reading room.

【译文】有人看见小德里克在阅览室看书。

例3:The existence of oil wells has been known for a long time.

【译文】人们很早就知道油井的存在。

例4:She was much run after in her youth.

【译文】她年轻时,有许多人追求她。

3. 3 译成“据”字句

原句的主语也是名词或人称代词,翻译时常把被动的部分译成“据……”,然后再按主谓顺序译出其余部分。常见于下列句型结构。

S + be said to-V …据说……

S + be reported to-V …据报道……

S + be stated to-V …据称……

S + be known to-V …据了解……

例1:She is said to have studied English for three years.

【译文】据说她已经学了三年英语。

例2:The area is known to be rich in natural resources.

【译文】据了解,这个地区有丰富的自然资源。

例3:The coming physics examination is said to be rather difficult, so we get well prepared for it. 【译文】即将举行的物理考试据说相当难,所以我们必须做好充分准备。

例4:The novel is said to be translated into English

【译文】那部小说据说即将译成英语。

3. 4 译成汉语的无主句

原句的主语是名词或人称代词,翻译时常把被动的部分提出来根据时态、语气、语义灵活翻译成汉语的无主句。

S + be now thought to-V …现在认为,……

S + have been found to-V …已经发现,……

S + should be pointed out that …应当指出……

S + may be safely said that …可以有把握地说……

例1:It is now thought to have infoldings and outpouchings.

【译文】现在认为,它有内褶和外鼓。

例2:The so-called precious pearls have been found to be common stones.

【译文】已经发现,那些所谓的宝珠竟然是些普通的石头。

例3:You are cordially invited to a party to be given at the Teachers’Club at 3 p.m. Nov. 23. 【译文】谨订于11月23日下午3时在教师俱乐部举行晚会,敬请光临。

课堂互动4:运用分译法翻译下列句子

1.Guilin is known to be one of the most beautiful places in China.

【译文】人们(都)知道,桂林是中国最美的地方之一。

2.It is generally considered not advisable to act that way.

【译文】大家认为这样做是不妥当的。

3.Yet, what we say here will not be long remembered. What we do here can change the world. 【译文】不过,我们在这里所讲的话,人们不会长久地记住。我们在这里所做的事却能改变世界。

结论

英汉两种语言都有被动语态,有时可将英语被动句翻译成汉语的被动句,但多数情况下,并不保留被动结构,而译成主动结构。

翻译的基本技巧 被动语态的翻译

翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法 语态转换译法 1 顺译法 顺译成被动句 顺译成主动句 2 倒译法 把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 倒译成汉语的无主句 3 分译法 一、顺译法 既保留原文的主语,又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。 1 顺译法 (Translation in Original Order) 1. 1 顺译成被动句 A.译成“被”字 所谓“被”字句,就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊,或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者(受事者)是不乐意或不情愿接受的。 例1:Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated. 【译文】维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。 例2:Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they themselves germinate. 【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精,植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏,以备种子未来发芽之需。例3:She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, mad, and imbruted partner! (Charlotte Bront?: Jane Eyre) 【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的,做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套,跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。 B. 译成“挨”字句 “挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者(受事者)不利或不好的句子。 例1:The boy was criticized yesterday. 【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。 例2:I was caught in the downpour. 【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。 C. 译成“给”字句

英语被动语态的翻译举例

英语被动句的翻译举例 英语被动句翻译为汉语时,应根据具体情况灵活掌握。 1. 用“被”、“由”、“受(到)”、“挨”、“得到”、“给”、“叫……给”、“让……(给)”、 “是……的”、“为……所”、“加以”等译成汉语的被动句。例如: 1)The door was mended by him. 门被他修好了。/ 门叫(让)他给修好了。/ 门是他修的。 2)He was praised(表扬). But we were criticized(批评;责备). 3)The machine is used by many people. 这台机器为(被)许多人所使用。 4)The problem must be studied carefully. 这个问题必须仔细加以研究。 2. 借助句中的状语等做主语,译成汉语的主动句。例如: 1)All kinds of drinks are sold in that supermarket. 在那家超市里卖各种各样的饮料。或:那家超市卖各种各样的饮料。 2)Table tennis is played all over China. 中国各地都打乒乓球。 3.按照英语句子的主谓顺序,译成可省“被”字的汉语句。例如: 1)His homework has just been done. 他的家庭作业刚做完。 2)The food has been eaten up. 食物已吃光了。 4.成汉语的无主句。例如: 1)Soon the news was received. 不久就收到了那个消息。也可译为:不久那个消息就收到了。 2)After a while, many people were seen to run out. 过来一会儿,看到许多人跑了出来。 5. 添加“有人”、“人们”、“大家”、“我们”等泛指的主语译成汉语。或译为“据……”。 例如: 1)He was seen to take the book. 有人看见他拿走了那本书。 2)Air is known to be a mixture of gases. 人们(大家,我们)都知道空气是一种气体的混合物。 3)She is said to know nothing about it. 据说她对这件事什么也不知道。 4)It is said that …. 据说…… It is well known that …. 大家知道……;众所周知…… It is believed that …. 有人相信…… It will be said that…. 有人(将)会说…… It was reported that…据报道…… 6. 改译成主动句。例如: 1)A new dress was made for me by my mother. 我妈妈给我做了一条新裙子。 2)I was given many nice presents on my birthday. 在我的生日那天,我收到了许多漂亮的礼物。

英语翻译技巧第八节 英语被动语态的翻译

第八节英语被动语态的翻译 汉英对比,英语的被动句显然多于汉语,因为英语重视形态(形式),汉语不重视形态,重视语感。如: (1)海水不可斗量。(2)文章总算写好了。说汉语的 人自古以来有一种主体思维方式,认为“成事者必在 人”,施事者“尽在不言之中”。所以很多被动关系不必 一定用“被”字句。 一、被动语态的语义价值 第一、被动语态有强调受事者,将它置于话题(topic)的主位的语用功能。 1).Peter was robbed to pay Paul. Peter was robbed by him to pay Paul. 他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。(他剜肉补疮。) 2).The happy man cannot be harried. 吉人自有天相。 第二、被动语态有承接上句的修辞功能。 3)Many advances in computer technology took place in the twenty years after 1950.They are generally classified into four stages or generations. 第三、被动语态在特定的语境中表达对主语的尊敬或说话者的谦恭。 4)Where can you be reached?

在什么地方可以找到您?(请问您住在什么地方?) 5)When will I be interviewed? 我什么时候来参加面试呢? 第四、被动语态常用以表示说话者对所提出的话题持有某种客观态度,因而比较委婉。 6)He is said to be the most respected teacher in our Department. 7)It is suggested that each speaker is alloted five minutes. 建议每位发言者讲话不要超过五分钟。 二、被动语态的翻译问题 (一)译成汉语主动句 1、原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语 2、原文中的主语在译文中作宾语 3、译成带表语的主动句“…的是…”或“……是……的” 4、常用被动句型的翻译 5、用“在…下”式(主动式动词+介短) (二)译成汉语被动句 1、“被…”或“给…”“让”“叫” 2、“(遭)受…” 3、“为…所” 4、“加以”“予以”“给以”

被动语态翻译题

被动语态练习题 1.我们希望你尽快完成那项工作。 2我们已在会议上讨论了那个重大的问题。 3.学生们经常在课上做那样的练习题。 4.明年他们将在这条河上建一座新大桥。 5.你的家庭作业做完了吗? 6.这家工厂制作这种自行车。 7.上课之前我们必须交上数学练习本。

8.我们把这个房间当作会议室使用。 9.明天他们会完成植树吗? 10.你可以早一点做完它。 11.我看见她从学校出来了。 12.她给了我一件生日礼物。 13.我们还没有担完水。 14.你能在两小时之内干完活吗? 15.我从没听他说过关于这件事.

16.即使问题的确出现了,也可以轻易地得到改正或解决。 17.在全体工作人员的共同努力下,这项生产计划得以顺利实施。 18.人们重新发现了古代文明。 19.教授们因此得到了报酬。 20.人们预计直到2000年那个国家的失业率都会保持稳定。 21.必须立刻处理他频繁的逃课问题。

22.人脑与电脑的区别可以用一个词形容:复杂性。 23.从那以后人们通常认为它是一把双刃剑,就像人的克隆一样,在增加我们的财富以及给我们带来舒适的同时,其潜在的危险又让人们感到恐慌。 24.人们相信核能是我们这个时代最伟大的革新之一,然而人们又担心它会毁灭世界。 25.一种在世界范围内迅速传播的计算机病毒已

经感染了50000多台电脑。 26.大体上来说,人可以分为三种:一种是劳累至死的,一种是忧心至死的,还有一种无聊至死的。 27.总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定把握的, 然而,必须具备两个条件:能够假定这个孩子与他的竞争能力对手对考试已经有着相同的态度;他也不会因为缺乏对手们已掌握的有关知识而被处罚。

翻译的基本技巧--被动语态的翻译

精心整理 翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法 语态转换译法 1顺译法 1.1顺译成被动句 1.2顺译成主动句 2倒译法 2.1把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 2.2把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 2.3倒译成汉语的无主句 3分译法 一、顺译法 既保留原文的主语,又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。 1顺译法(TranslationinOriginalOrder) 1.1顺译成被动句 A.译成“被”字 所谓“被”字句,就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊,或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者(受事者)是不乐意或不情愿

接受的。 例1:VitaminCisdestroyedwhenitisoverheated. 【译文】维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。 例2:Oncetheflowerhasbeenpollinatedandfertilized,theplantprovidesthenewlyformedseedswithar eserveoffoodmaterials,whichwillbeneededwhentheythemselvesgerminate. 【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精,植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏,以备种子未来发芽之需。 例3:Shethoughtallwasfairandlegal,andneverdreamtshewasgoingtobeentrappedintoafeignedunio nwithadefraudedwretched,alreadyboundtoabad,mad,andimbrutedpartner!(CharlotteBront?: JaneEyre) 【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的,做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套,跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。 B.译成“挨”字句 “挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者(受事者)不利或不好的句子。 例1:Theboywascriticizedyesterday. 【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。 例2:Iwascaughtinthedownpour. 【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。 C.译成“给”字句 “给”也是用于翻译该动作对动作接受者(受事者)不愉快或不愿接受的句子。 例1:Ourclothesweresoakedwithsweat.

英汉翻译方法1——被动语态译法

被动语态的翻译 教学内容 ?1、英语中常用被动语态的情况 ?Why passive voice is used in English? ?2、汉语中被动意义的表现方式 ?How the sense of “passiveness” is conveyed in Chinese ?3、英语被动语态的翻译 Memo ?Suppose a little boy broke someone’s window. ?1. Your son broke my window. ?2. The window was broken by your son. ?Notes: If the owner of the house wants to complain to the boy’s parent, he would say “1”; ?But if he just talks about the window and does not want to trace the responsibility of the incident he would simply say “2”. ?When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel. ?When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel. ?一、被动语态在英语中的运用 被动语态的广泛使用是英语区别于汉语的一大特点。这一特点在科技英语语体中反映得尤为突出。这不仅是因为被动结构比主动结构更少主观色彩,结构更简单,还因为有不必、不愿或无从说出施动者等情况的存在。 ?1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如: Such books are written for children. We haven’t been told about it. The English evening has been put off till Saturday. ?2、出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。例如: You are requested to give a performance. It is said that you were late for class this morning. Why were your late? ?3、无从说出施动者是谁。例如: You’re wanted on the phone. The problem is being studied. Rice is chiefly grown in the south. ?4、为了便于上下衔接。例如: He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.

被动语态翻译练习

被动语态翻译练习 I. 请按照课上学到的方法翻译下列句子: 1. However, care needs to be taken to ensure that this feedback is itself not too loud or distracting. 【译】不过,这里也要小心处理声音的大小,要确保反馈声音的音量不能太大或者产生干扰。 2. A lot of attention was paid to Michael Jordan 's retirement from the National Basketball Association. There were endless television replays of his leaping and twisting shots . 【译】迈克尔·乔丹从美国国家篮球协会退役一事引起了人们的极大关注,他的跳跃和转体跳投的镜头在电视上无休无止地回放着。 3. Proper account should be taken of confidential business information. 【译】对于商业机密的信息,须做适当的考虑。 4. Amazon 's warehouses are stocked with 4.4 million yards of ribbon and 7.8 million sq . ft. of wrapping paper . 【译】亚马逊各地的仓库存放着440万码包装袋,780平方英尺包装纸。 5. These old-style cartoons would not apply today--apart from being present at the birth itself , fathers are encouraged to spend time with the mother and baby , and babies are usually kept with the mother as opposed to being placed in a nursery elsewhere. 【译】这些旧式的漫画如今不适用了,且不说分娩时让父亲们在场,还鼓励她们与母亲和婴儿待在一起,婴儿通常也与母亲在一起,而不是放在别处的婴儿。 6. To provide this global Internet research service , panelists are being recruited worldwide to agree to be monitored by the service , and to provide survey results for businesses which want to target consumers through the Internet . 【译】为了提供这项全球因特网研究服务,公司正在全世界招募研究小组成员,他们需同意接受检测并为那些想通过因特网捕捉消费者的商家提供调查结果。 7. Both technologies are being explored now, but both are still in the beginning stages of development. 【译】两种技术现在都在探索中,但都还处于初步开发阶段。 II. 请翻译下列段落: 1. To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. 【译】要想真正生活得幸福和平安,一个人至少应该有两三种业余爱好,而且必须是真正的爱好。到了晚年才开始说“我要培养这个或那个兴趣”是毫无用处的。这种尝试只会增加精神上的负担。在与自己日常工作无关的领域中,一个人可以获得渊博的知识,但却很难有所收益或得到放松。不能爱哪行才干哪行,要干哪行爱哪行。

【英语】被动语态详解+例句(1)

【英语】被动语态详解+例句(1) 一、单项选择被动语态 1.A lot of small towns in the area are definitely worth ________. A.to be visited B.being visited C.visiting D.to visit 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 主动形式表达被动意义。句意:这个地区的许多小城镇绝对值得一游。be worth doing sth“值得做某事”,主动形式表达被动意义。故选C项。 2.(江苏四校第四次考试)The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of the missing________shortly. A.will be published B.have been published C.had been published D.are published 【答案】A 【解析】 考查时态。shortly不久,不多时,在句中作时间状语,表示将来,所以空处应该用将来时。句意为:这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失,失踪人数很快就会公布。 答案:A 3.—The manager has come back from his business trip. He is asking you for the report. — Oh,my god ! I haven’t finished it yet. But he ________ back at the company tomorrow. A.was expected B.will expect C.expected D.will be expected 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析:考查时态和语态。句意:——经理出差回来了。他正在问你要报告。——哦,天哪,我还没完成呢。但是本来预计他明天回公司。根据语境,是过去预料他明天会回来,而且经理是被预计,故用一般过去时的被动。故选A。 【名师点睛】时态的考查要根据本句的句意,这句话一定要根据上下文判断动作发生的时间,要细心体会语境。还要注意时态语态。 考点:考查时态和语态 4.Many artifacts ________ for the first time in the National Museum at present. A.were exhibited B.were being exhibited C.are being exhibited D.are exhibited 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词时态与语态。句意:许多史前古器物目前正在国家博物馆首次展出。根

5突破英文中被动语态的翻译 二

突破英文中被动语态的翻译二 动词的分配原则 中英文的总分关系 同位语的翻译 “重译法”和“抽象名词”的翻译方法 It is not known how rare this resemblance is, or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet, whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond; but when present, the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly to co genetic. 不知道这样的相似究竟有多么的稀少,或者是否最常见于硅酸盐的内含物当中,比如石

榴石,它的晶体结构总的来说从某种程度上类似于钻石,但是当存在时,这种相似就被认为是有说服力的证据,钻石和内含物确实是同源的。 It is not known that… How rare this resemblance is Or Eg. He wears a coat, a hat and a scarf. Such as garnet 例如:中国选手在跳水、乒乓球、羽毛球、体操等项目上都获得了金牌。 Whose That of diamond Is regarded as Diamond

现在尚不知这种类似稀少到何种地步,也不知道是否它最常见于像石榴石一类的硅酸盐的内含物中,而这类物质的晶体结构普遍地在某种程度上类似于金刚石的晶体结构。但一旦存在,这种类似就可以视作是极有说服力的证据,证明金刚石与内含物确实是同源的。 而 The resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly to co genetic. Beijing, the capital of China, is a very beautiful city. So, let us, in these next five days, start a long march together, not in lockstep, but on different roads leading to the same goal, the

英语被动语态的翻译策略

英语被动语态的翻译策略 【摘要】英语被动语态的使用非常广泛,汉语却相对较少使用。本文从比较英汉被动语态的表达方式与使用范围差异入手,发现英语显性形式的结构被动句使用普遍;而汉语存在“受事施动化”现象,常以主动形式表达被动意义。借用《名利场》与杨必译本这一对名著名译作为对比材料,归纳被动语态的翻译策略,并揭示翻译实践的启示。 【关键词】被动语态;英汉翻译策略;《名利场》;杨必译本 一、引言 语言的表达丰富多彩不拘一格。这也对翻译工作者提出了挑战,只有熟悉语言之间的差异,才能选择最理想的翻译策略。刘宓庆指出:“翻译实务也好、翻译研究也好、对比分析也好,思维上的选择性和批判性都是至关重要的,目的是择善从优,而这里的‘善’就是真实,‘优’就是‘适应性’(adaptability)――适应于目的、效果,适应于整体的,全局的发展”(x)。因此,翻译思维必须具有高度的选择性和批判性。译者必须丰富自己的语言能力,根据语境选择恰当的翻译策略。

《名利场》杨必译本以其生动流畅的语言被奉为经典译文。文心在《一仆二主》中如此评价:“读《名利场》,如读传统的白话文小说,通俗清新、美丽流畅的译文一下子拉近了读者与原著的距离,让人感到亲切、和蔼,欢欢喜喜地读下去”。杨必的译文之所以能达到这样的效果,不止是译者透彻理解原作,更在于译者能突破英语语法的束缚,采用丰富的翻译手段,从而译出了通达自如富有韵味的译文。因此本文选择这样的佳译,来比较英汉被动语态的差异,探究英语被动语态的翻译策略,希望能对翻译实践有所启示。 二、英汉被动语态的比较与分析 (一)基本特征与结构形式 被动句可以分为结构被动句和意义被动句。“结构被动句(syntactic passive)指可借助形态变化,即用动词的被动语态从结构上标示出来的被动句;意义被动句(notional passive)指不用动词的被动语态,而用主动的形式表达被动的含义”(邵志洪,230)。 英汉被动语态的使用差异很大。就基本特征而言,汉语的语态范畴是词汇化来表现,而英语用动词的屈折形态变化来标定。结构上,汉语的结构被动句基本有两类:①词汇标志,即“被”、“叫”、“给”、“让”;②“为…所”式、“是…的”式、“…的是…”式等特殊句式。英语句子必须主谓结构,若选择受事者作主语,则谓语基本结构固定,为“be + past

被动语态的翻译

被动语态的翻译 时间:2008年07月09日作者:唐静来源:译路英汉两种语言都有被动语态,但由于表达习惯上的差异,英语往往习惯用被动语态来表达,而汉语则和主动语态来表达。如:That young man cannot be relied upon.译成汉语就应该是“那位年轻人不可信赖”或者“我们不能信任那位年轻人”。如果将此句译成汉语的被动句“那位年轻人不可以被信赖”,译文就会显得很别扭,不符合汉语的表达习惯。由此可见,翻译时经常进行语态的转换是十分必要的。英语中被动语态的使用十分广泛,尤其在考研翻译中,这种现象更为多见。相比之下,汉语被动语态使用的范围要小得多。因此,在英译汉时,大量被动语态的句子需要通过种种方法加以处理,以保证译文通顺流畅地表达原意。英语被动语态的汉译一般有以下几种方法。 一、译成汉语主动句 将英语被动语态译成汉语主动语态的方法一般包括以下几种: (一)保存原文主语 当英语被动句中的主语为无生命的名词,而且句中不出现由by 引导的行为主体时,翻译时往往将原句中的主语仍然译成主语。 The meeting is scheduled for April 6th.

会议定于四月六日举行。 Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid. 水能从液体变成固体。 When rust is formed , a chemical change has taken place. 当锈形成的时候,就发生了化学变化。 (二)主宾颠倒 英语中很多被动句子在表示行为主体的词前都加上by,翻译时可将这类by结构中的宾语译成主语,而将原来的主语译成宾语。 She was given a new pen by her father. 她爸爸送给她一支新钢笔。 Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change. 这种化学反应能放出热和光。 Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us. 现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。

被动语态Passivevoice讲解

被动语态(Passive voice)讲解 By Rebecca 一、被动语态的基本时态变化 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2) has /have been done 现在完成时 例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start. 3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is being built here. 4) was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5) had been done 过去完成时 例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6) was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there. 7) shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 二、被动语态的特殊结构形式---主动表被动 1. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例Your reason sounds reasonable. 2. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。 例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me). 3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 例I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.(to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。) 试比较:I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。) 4.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。 例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)5.在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。 6.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash 等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。 例This kind of cloth washes well. 注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 试比较:The door won't lock.(指门本身有毛病) The door won't be locked.(指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因 三、语态转换时所注意的问题 1.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说: A present was given to me yesterday. 注意:①一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如:bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 The book was showed to the class. ②一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for, 如:build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 A new skirt was made for me. 3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有: 不及物动词+ 介词,如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operate on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。 The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about. 及物动词+ 副词:如:bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。

被动语态的翻译_高中英语

被动语态的翻译_高中英语 英汉两种语言都有被动语态,但由于表达习惯上的差异,英语往往习惯用被动语态来表达,而汉语则和主动语态来表达。如:That young man cannot be relied upon。译成汉语就应该是"那位年轻人不可信赖"或者"我们不能信任那位年轻人"。如果将此句译成汉语的被动句"那位年轻人不可以被信赖",译文就会显得很别扭,不符合汉语的表达习惯。由此可见,翻译时经常进行语态的转换是十分必要的。英语中被动语态的使用十分广泛,尤其在考研翻译中,这种现象更为多见。相比之下,汉语被动语态使用的范围要小得多。因此,在英译汉时,大量被动语态的句子需要通过种种方法加以处理,以保证译文通顺流畅地表达原意。英语被动语态的汉译一般有以下几种方法。 一、译成汉语主动句 将英语被动语态译成汉语主动语态的方法一般包括以下几种: (一)保存原文主语 当英语被动句中的主语为无生命的名词,而且句中不出现由by引导的行为主体时,翻译时往往将原句中的主语仍然译成主语。 The meeting is scheduled for April 6th。 会议定于四月六日举行。 Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid。 水能从液体变成固体。 When rust is formed, a chemical change has taken place。 当锈形成的时候,就发生了化学变化。 (二)主宾颠倒 英语中很多被动句子在表示行为主体的词前都加上by,翻译时可将这类by结构中的宾语译成主语,而将原来的主语译成宾语。 She was given a new pen by her father。 她爸爸送给她一支新钢笔。 Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change。 这种化学反应能放出热和光。 Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us。 现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。 有时英语被动句中并未出现by结构,而只是代之以一个由介词短语构成的状语。这时仍可采用主宾颠倒的译法,将介词短语中的名词或名词词组译成句子的主语。 Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country。 我国已将通讯卫星用于实况转播。 The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter。 下一章提供了有关的数据资料。 (三)增加主语 有些英语被动句并未在句中出现表示行为主体的词或词组,在翻译这类句子时,可适当增添一些不确定的主语,如"人们"、"有人"、"大家"、"我们"等。 The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored。 人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。 She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed。 有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。 What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change

被动语态的翻译

被动语态的翻译 英汉两种语言都有被动语态,但由于表达习惯上的差异,英语往往习惯用被动语态来表达,而汉语则和主动语态来表达。如:That young man cannot be relied upon.译成汉语就应该是“那位年轻人不可信赖”或者“我们不能信任那位年轻人”。如果将此句译成汉语的被动句“那位年轻人不可以被信赖”,译文就会显得很别扭,不符合汉语的表达习惯。由此可见,翻译时经常进行语态的转换是十分必要的。英语中被动语态的使用十分广泛,尤其在考研翻译中,这种现象更为多见。相比之下,汉语被动语态使用的范围要小得多。因此,在英译汉时,大量被动语态的句子需要通过种种方法加以处理,以保证译文通顺流畅地表达原意。英语被动语态的汉译一般有以下几种方法。 一、译成汉语主动句 将英语被动语态译成汉语主动语态的方法一般包括以下几种: (一)保存原文主语 当英语被动句中的主语为无生命的名词,而且句中不出现由by引导的行为主体时,翻译时往往将原句中的主语仍然译成主语。 The meeting is scheduled for April 6th. 会议定于四月六日举行。 Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid. 水能从液体变成固体。 When rust is formed , a chemical change has taken place. 当锈形成的时候,就发生了化学变化。 (二)主宾颠倒 英语中很多被动句子在表示行为主体的词前都加上by,翻译时可将这类by结构中的宾语译成主语,而将原来的主语译成宾语。 She was given a new pen by her father. 她爸爸送给她一支新钢笔。 Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change. 这种化学反应能放出热和光。 Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us. 现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。 有时英语被动句中并未出现by结构,而只是代之以一个由介词短语构成的状语。这时仍可采用主宾颠倒的译法,将介词短语中的名词或名词词组译成句子的主语。Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country. 我国已将通讯卫星用于实况转播。 The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter. 下一章提供了有关的数据资料。 (三)增加主语 有些英语被动句并未在句中出现表示行为主体的词或词组,在翻译这类句子时,可适当增添一些不确定的主语,如“人们”、“有人”、“大家”、“我们”等。 The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored. 人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。 She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed. 有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。

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