汉语四字格的英译
四字成语的翻译
每种语言都有自己的词语搭配习惯，汉语中的四字词组便是一种常见的语言现象。四字词组由四个词素构成，通常分为前后两部分。按语法关系可以分为主谓词组、动宾词组、偏正词组和联合词组。从结构上看，四字词组可分为自由词组和固定词组。汉语四字词组富于音韵美和意境美且易懂易记，除传递信息功能外还有美感功能和表情功能，简洁地向读者展现其要表达的内容。所以，四字词组能够直译应尽直译，但如果直译不通或是有损于原文风格时，可舍弃原文的形式，从内容入手。
我认为汉语四字词组的翻译方法大约有如下几种
（一）直译法
英语和汉语两种语言中都有许多“形”同“意”合的成语。这时就可使用直译法。直译是在不违背译文语言规范以及不引起译文读者错误理解的情况下，在译文中保留原文四字词语的形象、修辞手段和民族特色。
1. 成语直译的例子：
（1）人固有一死，有的重于泰山，有的轻于鸿毛。
Everyone must die. But one’s death might be weightier than Mount Tai or lighter than a goose feather.
（2）旁边一人鼓掌大笑道：“此事易如反掌，何必多议！”（《三国演义》）
Then one of those about him suddenly clapped his hands , crying ,” It’s a easy as turning over one’s hand! Why so much talk!(Tr.C.H.Brewitt-Tayler)
（3）于是金荣忍气吞声，不多一会儿，也自睡去了。（〈红楼梦〉）
Chin Jung had to swallow his anger and hold his tongue , and very soon he turned in.(Tr.Yang Xianyi and Glagys Yang)
（4）但世人一见了功名，便舍得性命去求它，乃至到手之后，味同嚼蜡。（《儒林外史》）
Men will risk their lives in search for rank and frame ,yet once they have them within their grasp ,the taste is no better than chewed tallow.
（5）他这一去如石沉大海，再无消息。
He left like a stone dropped into the sea and has never been heard of.
金石印章metal and stone seals
字画卷轴scroll of calligraphy and painting
文房四宝 a four stationery treasures of the Chinese study including a writing brush, an ink stick ,an ink stone and paper
保存完好well--preserved
工艺精湛exquisite workmanship
独具匠心original / ingenious design
湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills
景色如画picturesque views
诱人景色inviting views
湖石假山lakeside rocks and rockeries
青山绿水green hills and clear waters
园林建筑garden architecture
佛教名山famous Buddhist mountain
典雅古朴elegant with classic simplicity
求同存异seeking common ground while putting aside difference
教学相长to teach is to learn
浑水摸鱼fish in troubled waters
公事公办business is business
文如其人the style is the man
祸不单行misfortunes never come alone
时不待我/岁月无情time and tide wait for no man
祸从口出/言多必失the tongue cuts the throat
蓬头垢面with disheveled hair and dirty face
扑朔迷离complicated and confusing
朴实无华simple and unadorned
遣词造句choice of words and building of sentences
能者多劳the abler a man , the busier he gets
自力更生regeneration through one’s own efforts
画饼充饥draw cakes to allay hunger
顺水推舟push the boat with current
欺软怕硬bully the weak and fear the strong
扭亏增盈make up deficits and increase surpluses
（二）借用法
汉英语言与文化的共通之处，使得汉语翻译成英语时，借用同义英语习语成为可能。借用同义习语有以下几种情况：
1. 汉英习语含义相同，形象一致时，汉译英时可借用英语习语。如：
（1）只有大胆地破釜沉舟地跟他们拼，还许有翻身的一天。
All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day you’ll come out on top.“破釜沉舟”与to burn one’s boat 不仅形象一致，含义相同，而且历史背景也极其相似（2）你该趁热打铁，把刚学会的几首试背过。
You should strike while the iron is hot , just try to memorize the poems that have been newly taught to you .
血浓于水blood is thicker than water
静水流深still water runs deep
隔墙有耳walls have ears
火上浇油pour oil on the fire
一帆风顺plain sailing
袖手旁观look on with folded arms
晴天霹雳 a bolt from the blue
22.汉英习语形象不一致但内涵相同时，也可借用不具浓厚民族色彩的同义英语习语。例如：突飞猛进by leaps and bounds
彻头彻尾pure and simple(out and out)
公平合理fair and square
活蹦乱跳alive and kicking
患难与共to share weal and woe
空洞无物null and void
少年老成to have an old head on young shoulders
无稽之谈cock-and-bull story
物以类聚birds of a feather flock together
软硬兼施to use both stick and carrot
近墨者黑he that lies down with dogs must rise with fleas
臭味相投two of the same kind
守口如瓶dumb as an oyster
蠢得像猪as stupid as a goose
对牛弹琴to cast pearls before a swine
杀鸡儆猴beat the dog before the lion
班门弄斧teach fish to swim
胸有成竹have a card up one’s sleeve
本末倒置put the card before the horse
得陇望蜀/得寸进尺much will have more
喧宾夺主the sauce is better than the fish
滴水石穿/只要工夫深，铁杵磨成针little strokes fell great oaks
殊途同归all roads lead to Rome//All rivers run into the sea
口蜜腹剑peace on the forehead and war in the mind
2. 有些汉语习语直译后冗长拖沓。辞不达意或因辞害义。为避免这些弊病，可借用比喻形象与之大相径庭的同义英语习语来翻译。例如：
（1）你不能因噎废食，从此出门只靠步行了啊！
You could not cut off your nose to spite your face and forever travel on foot hereafter.
“因噎废食”可直译成to stop eating for fear of choking .但cut off your nose to spite your face 一目了然。
（2）那家合资企业由于经营不善，已经到了山穷水尽的地步。
Due to poor management , the joint venture is now at the end of its tether.
（3）凤姐笑道：“你倒会拉长线儿！”
“You do look ahead ,don’t you?” she chuckled
“拉长线儿”是谚语“放长线，钓大鱼”的变体，若按字面翻译成throw along line to catch a big fish ，一则读者不能一眼看出其寓意，二则与原文的口语体不相符合。
树大招风names are debts
入乡随俗do in Rome as the Romans do
木已成舟/覆水难收things done can not be undone
做贼心虚 a bad conscience is a snake in one’s heart
事与愿违all your swans are geese
大器晚成late fruit keeps well
因小失大penny wise and pound foolish
大智若愚He knows most who speaks least./still water runs deep.
自食其果as you make the bed ,so you must lie in it
盲目乐观Count one’s chickens before they are hatched.
3. 由于生活习惯或思维方式等不同，许多汉英习语虽有相同或相似的年形象或比喻。但含义却不同。翻译时，不能简单对应，必须多加推敲和区别。例如。“同舟共济”和to be in the same boat 比喻相同，含义也相近。但色彩不同，前者含积极意义，后者含消极意义。“亡羊补牢”和to lock the stable door after the horse is stolen,比喻相同，字面义相同，但喻义却相反，前者是“尤未为晚”。后者是“为时已晚”
此外可以用借用法翻译的词语还有：
挥金如土spend money like water
水中捞月fish in the air
一贫如洗as poor as a church mouse
随波逐流to swim with the tide
挑三拣四to sow discord
一箭之遥at a stone’s throw
翠得像牛as stubborn as a mule
抛砖引玉to throw a sprat to catch a whale
画蛇添足to gild the lily
半斤八两six of one and half a dozen of the other
脱胎换骨to turn a new leaf
小题大作fish begins to stink at the head/make a fuss
指鹿为马to talk black into white
金蝉脱壳to throw somebody off the scent
爱屋及屋love me ,love my dog
（三）意译
当直译或借用法行不通时，可采用意译法。
1.成语的意译
成语意译的情况有：某些成语源出历史事件或寓言故事，但沿用已久，失去了原来的故事性：某些成语的形象变得不再新鲜生动，在使用时人们很少想起它们的形象而只有其喻义：默写成语是约定俗成的，其字面意义或不合逻辑或无法解释，不能按字面直译；某些成语直译后冗长晦涩或不合英语规范。例如：
（1）我的公司要自负盈亏。你不好好工作，我就不能让你在这儿滥竽充数！
My company must be solely responsible for its profits and losses .If you are slack in your work ,I cannot have you here just to make up the number.
（2）今年高考他又名落孙山了。
This year he failed again in the entrance examinations for college students.
讲话人只是借用“名落孙山”一语，并非介绍孙山及其邻人之子考举人的故事，所以照直译成英文无益译文读者，还是意译为好。
（3）后又助着薛蟠图些银钱酒肉，一任薛蟠横行霸道，他不但不去管约，反“助纣为虐”讨好儿。（《红楼梦》）
In return for money and good meals from Hsueh pan ,he had not checked his disgraceful behaviour but actually abetted him in order to curry favour.
（4）这两个队旗鼓相当，比赛中比分交替上升。
The two team are well-matched ,and the score seesawed all the time.
成语“旗鼓相当”中的“旗”、“鼓”的形象已极淡薄，英译时无需保留。
（5）宝玉一发拿刀弄枪，寻死觅活。闹的天翻地覆。（《红楼梦》）
By now Pao-yuhad turned the whole place upside down in search of a sword or stick to kill himself with.
“天翻地覆”中“天”、“地”的形象意在夸张，译者结合上下文将其意译为turned the whole place upside down，就够了。
（6）姜三胖子一辈子是作威作福，花天酒地
All his life Fatty Jiang lived high, guzzling and carousing to his heart’s co ntent.
（7）不要胡思乱想。一切都会好起来的。
Don’t labour yourself with groundless anxieties. Everything will be all right.
（8）赵老师大喝----满操场的同学都满不在乎。
Miss Zhao shouted at her highest pitch----But all the students on the playground turned a deaf ears to it
（9）据说还当得十分称职，一时有口皆碑，俨然成了东南亚一大硕儒
I heard that he filled the post with great credit and for a time was widely acclaimed as one of the most celebrated scholars in Southeast Asia.
三教九流people in various trades
攀龙附凤play up to people of power and influence
毛遂自荐volunteer one’s service
一诺千金 a promise that will be kept
两袖清风remain uncorrupted
门庭如市a much visited house
马革裹尸ie on the battlefield
毛手毛脚careless
守株待兔rust to chance and windfalls
恶贯满盈face retribution for a life of crime
尔虞我诈mutual mistrust with both parties playing tricks
（四）直译兼意译
在很多情况下，汉语四字词组只能部分直译，部分意译，这叫直意参半法。这样做既可保留原文形象又能使译文畅达。
（1）张飞大叫：“此必董卓！追吕布有甚强处，不如先拿董贼，便是斩草除根！”
“certainly there is Tung cho,” cried Chang Fei. “What is the use of pursuing LU Pu ? Far better seize the chief rebel and so pluck up the evil by the roots”
“斩草”译为pluck up the evil为意译, “除根”译为by the roots为直译。
（2）王冕一路上风餐露宿，九十里大站，七十里小站。一径来到山东济南府地方。Braving the wind and dew ,Wang Mien traveled day after day past posting stations large ad small till he came to the city of Tsinan
“风餐露宿”译为braving the wind and dew , 其中,wind and dew 为直译，brave为意译，既保留了原文的形象，又符合英语习惯。
杀人如麻kill people like flies
山盟海誓make a solemn pledge of love
神出鬼没appear and disappear mysteriously
顺藤摸瓜track down somebody or something by following clues
天罗地网nets above and snares below
桑榆暮景the evening of one’s life
如雷贯耳reverberate like thunder
（五）省略法
汉语四字词组英译需要省略的情况主要有如下几种：
1. 汉语四字词组中存在着很大数量的并列结构式的四字词语，其中一种叫四字对偶词组，一种叫四字重叠词组。四字对偶词组的前后两部分意义相同或相近。英译时往往只需翻译出一部分或翻译其意义即可。例如；
（1）薛蟠连忙打躬作揖赔不是—
Hsueh Pan bowed in apology---
“打躬作揖”只翻译出“打躬”。省略“作揖”
（2）---若有善男信女虔心供奉者，可以永保儿孙康宁
If faithful believers worship him devoutly ,their descendents are assured of peace and health--
“善男信女”以faithful believers笼统译出，简单明确
（3）我厂生产的鞋子款式新颖，规格齐全，以工艺精良、经久耐用深受广大消费者的好评。
Apart from being fashionable in style and rich in variety ,shoes produced by our factory also find favour in consumers’ eyes for the exquisite workmanship and extraordinary durability
需要指出的是，有些并列结构的前后两部分意义并不完全相同，此时，译者应将两部分全部翻译出来，以求意义精确。如“违法乱纪”中。“法”和“纪”的概念并不完全相同，所以应翻译为offence against law and discipline. 有时为取得一定的修辞效果，也需将两部分全部译出，”如冷嘲热讽“burning satire and freezing irony , “和风细雨”like a gentle breeze and a mild rain.
2. 四字重叠词组是一中追求音韵美的重叠结构，例如“鬼鬼祟祟”(snake around)“慌里慌张”(be flustered)等。英语中没有类似的形式，汉译英时，可以考虑重叠的部分。
（1）那宝玉才合上眼，便恍恍惚惚的睡去，犹似秦氏在前，悠悠荡荡，跟着秦氏到了一处。但见朱栏玉砌，绿树清溪，真是人迹不逢，飞尘罕到。
Pao-yu fell asleep as soon as he closed his eyes and dreamed that Ko-ching was before him.Absent-minded he followed her along way to some crimson balustrades and white marble steps among green trees and clear streams ,in a place seldom trodden by the foot of man .unreached by swirling dust.
“恍恍惚惚”融于了上下文中，“悠悠荡荡”只翻译出了“悠荡”之意
（2）“我本来要---来投---”阿Q胡里胡涂地想了一想，这才断断续续地说。
“The fact is that I want ---to come—“muttered AH Q disjointedly, after a moment’s confused thinking.
“胡里胡涂‘和”断断续续‘按“胡涂’、‘断续’译为confused和disjointedly
3. 有时出于上下文或行文上的考虑，也须省略。如：
（1）---一日倘或“乐极生悲“。若应了”树倒猢狲散“的俗话—
If one day it happens that at the height of good fortune the “tree falls and the monkeys scatter “as the old saying has it ---
“树倒猢狲散“即”生悲“，”乐极生悲“只译为at the height of good fortune 乐极，从二使
得译文流畅自然。
（3）九溪十涧则以“曲曲环环路，叮叮咚咚泉“著称。
The place called Nine Creeks and Eighteen Gullies is well-known for its twisting paths and murmuring streams.
“曲曲环环“和”叮叮咚咚“所产生的音韵美令人叫绝。相比之下，英译文倒有点逊色了。
必恭必敬atealthily
躲躲闪闪reverently
干干巴巴dry
踉踉跄跄stagger
狼吞虎咽wolf something down
同心同德with one mind
清规戒律taboos(regulations)
油头粉面high-painted
惊心动魄soul-stirring
油嘴滑舌glib tongue
少安毋躁wait for a while(don’t be impatient)
天长地久eternal like shies
长吁短叹sigh deeply
日新月异change with each passing day
综上所述，我们在翻译汉语四字词组时必须掌握丰富的英语文化以及她的习语，充分了解其用法与内涵，善于鉴别汉英同义词组的异同，同时还要考虑到上下文、文体等纵多因素。切忌对号入座，盲目翻译。然后再认真辨析词义，选择适当的用词，力求准确和得体。根据人物身份和语境，尽量保留民族特色，注意英式语与美式英语的不同，结合增减词语，词类转换等方法尽量达到翻译所追求的结果。
汉语四字格的分类
汉语四字格的分类 四字格词语是汉语词汇的一大特点，它一般由分成前后两个部分的四个词素构成。 从语法关系看，词组中前后两个部分可以是主谓、动宾、偏正或者并列关系 从结构上看，四字格由自由词组和固定词组组成。自由词组是临时组成的，可以随意拆散，重新组合，例如：“品种齐全，做工精细”等；而固定词组是一个整体，四个语素不能拆开、随意更换。 四字格的汉英翻译方法 汉语中出现的四字格，很多只是为了读起来上口，对仗，并没有太深的寓意，在英语中我们并不一定能找到一个表达形式与之对应，我们只需准确理解其真正含义，然后进行翻译： 1、将四字格前后两个词语分开 2、判断这两个词语属于什么词类 3、分析前后两个词语间的逻辑关系 4、通过逻辑关系确定翻译方法 并列关系法：将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英语译文，然后中间用并列连 词”and”连接即可。 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites青山绿水green hills and clear waters平等互利equality and mutual benefit扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government集思广益draw on collective wisom and absorb all useful ideas
语义重复法：这类四字格前后两个词语的语意是一样的，如果前后两个词语都翻译的话就构成语义重复了，所以在翻译这类四字格的时候，只需翻译一项语义就行 层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another优胜劣汰survival of the fittest审时度势size up the trend of events招商引资attract investment 目的关系法：这类四字格前后两个词语具有目的关系，对于这类四字格可以采用动词不定式或者介词短语来表达目的状语 减员增效downsize (and cut payroll) to improve efficiency (for efficiency)退耕还林return cultivated land to forest or pastures集资办学raise money to set up new schools结党营私form cliques for private gain扭亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one 途径方式法：具有这种逻辑关系的四字格可以采用介词through ,according to, with 等介词短语表达相应的方式状语 寓教于乐teach through lively activities因材施教teach students according to their aptitude按劳分配distribution according to performance以商养文support /sponsor cultural activities with the profits from doing business 偏正词组法：对于偏正关系的四字格必有一主一次，将其中一个词语处理为修饰性成分，而将另外一个处理为中心词 廉洁奉公honestly perform one’s official duties环境绿化environmental greening超前消费premature consumption; Over-consume; excessive consumption以强凌弱the strong domineering over the weak以人为本people foremost; People-oriented 动宾关系：优势互补complement each other’s advantages 自主经营，自负盈亏make one’s own management decisions, take full responsibility for one’s own profits and losses 条件关系：不进则退no progress simply means regression 省略意向：瞻前顾后overcautious （过于谨慎的）and indecisive(犹豫不决的)源远流长have a long history呕心沥血spare no efforts画龙点睛bring out the crucial point花天酒地go on the loose汗马功劳exploits 闻名遐迩famous独具匠心original中流砥柱mainstay, chief cornerstone鱼米之乡a land of milk and honey世外桃源a haven of peace
英文颜色词的翻译方法
浅析文化差异与黑、白两种颜色词翻译 岳阳职业技术学院李蜜 在汉英语言中, 表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词 都很丰富。由于我国与绝大部分英语国家相隔万里, 自然现象、历史背景、审美心理等千差万别, 人们对于颜色的感受和表达不尽相同。这样, 颜色的象征意义在中西文化之间自然又会产生很大的差异。所以, 了解英汉文化的背景知识, 掌握表示颜色的词语在两种语言中的深层含义, 才能进行更好地翻译。一、颜色词的象征意义及社会人文因素 “色彩的象征性是色彩的联想被固定为一种社 会观念时形成的, 这种象征意义是色彩内涵性质的外延, 与该社会的历史、文化等人文因素紧密相连。”影响颜色词象征意义的中西社会人文因素主要在以下几个方面: 1、民俗民情 在中国文化传统中, 颜色的生成具有神秘主义 意味和丰富的文化内涵。与中国的宇宙观和五行学说密切相关。如对红色的崇拜来源于对日神的崇拜, 对白色的禁忌源于对月神崇拜。 西方人则不同, 他们个性意识发达, 具有悲剧性 的崇高审美观, 因而没有那些五花八门的迷信。对
于他们来说只有black( 黑) 和white( 白) 两色才真正具有某些代表意义, 前者代表庄严肃穆, 后者代表清白素雅, 真正具有民俗文化色彩和内涵。 2、宗教信仰 颜色词的文化象征意义带有明显的宗教色彩。 在中国、印度等佛教国家, 佛教的色彩美学有着丰富的象征寓意,如把恶行引起的果称为“黑”,而把善行所引起的果称为“白”,白色在佛教中是圣洁的象征。因此,体现佛教内容的纹样往往用“白色”来象征菩 提之心。 在中世纪的英国, 颜色在基督教徒们的宗教思 想中扮演了重要的角色, 一些教义甚至明文规定了 不准对颜色词的滥用。如基督的衣服在他初始阶段 也要画成蓝色的, 在复活时却要画成白色的或红色的。这些约定无疑是英语国家人们的宗教想象所决 定的, 因为在基督教中黑色代表着耶稣与黑暗使者 的遭遇, 而红色和白色都代表着神和上帝的本性: 智慧与爱。 3、政治变迁 在不同的政治历史阶段, 不同的社会生活中, 人 们对颜色的熟知、理解和运用不尽相同。在我国几 千年的封建文化里, 位于高贵的颜色如黄、红等在传
四字格的翻译
中口历年真题： 高尔基说过：“书籍是人类进步的阶梯。”0103 Gorgy once said, “Books are steps toward human progress.” 廉政建设0203 building of an honest and clean government 全神贯注0203 with rapt attention; concentrate on 改革开放0303 the reform and opening-up policy 远见卓识0303 foresighted, foresight 扩大内需0309 expand the domestic need 以邻为伴、与人为善0403 making partnership and being friendly to the neighboring countries 友好合作0403 friendly cooperation 艰辛努力0403 arduous efforts 名列前茅0503 rank among the best 携手前进0509 j oin hands and advance together 相知无远近，万里尚为邻0509 Distance can never separate real friends. 多姿多彩0603colorful 色彩斑斓0603 colorful 日新月异0603change dramatically with each passing day 光芒四射0603 shining; brilliant 鲜艳夺目0603shining; brilliant 安居乐业0603live and work in peace and happiness/contentment 朝气蓬勃，充满活力0603 dynamic; vigorous; energetic 莘莘学子0609(many) students 青春洋溢0609young 书香浓郁0609 academic/cultural atmosphere 息息相关0703 be closely related to/ concern sth. 坚定不移0709 persists unswervingly in 独立富强，民生幸福0709 an independent and prosperous country, and a comfortable and happy life for the people 孜孜以求0709 assiduously (seek) 自主创新0803 independence and innovation, independent and innovative 情投意合0809have an affinity for each other 不虚此生0903 make our life meaningful 附庸风雅0909 mingle with men of letters and p ose as lovers of culture 暗自窃笑0909 titter 翩然而至1003 advent/ arrival 此起彼伏1003(ring) one after another, echo each other 中流砥柱1003play the backbone role 力挽狂澜1003turn the tide 攻坚克难1003overcome the current difficulties 柳暗花明1003have bright prospects 华洋杂居1009co-inhabited by Chinese locals and foreign nationals 生活百态1009 all aspects of people’s life 丰富多彩1009 colorful
英语翻译四字成语大全
“四字格”翻译 （一）并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead
汉语四字格及新词翻译
汉语四字格翻译 汉语中四字结构的翻译在很多时候，非常令人头疼棘手，很多同学要么误认为这些都属于成语，要么总想在英语中找一个形式与之对应的翻译来处理。其实不然，汉语中出现的四字格，很多只是为了读起来上口，对仗，并没有太深的寓意，我们只需简单的理解一下意思，我们在很多情况下可以将四字格前后两个词语分开来处理，首先判断该结构属于什么词类，然后再分析前后两个词语间的逻辑关系，用相应的单词或者表达处理即可。 请看下面的例子： （一）并列关系 这种四字结构，前后两个词语属于并列关系，我们只要能够将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英语译文，中间用并列连词“and”连接即可。 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead 求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences （二）语意重复 这种四字结构前后两个词语的语意是一样的，如果前后两个词语都翻译就构成语意重复了，广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory 高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision 贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions 层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest 延年益寿prolong one’s life 灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure
四字成语中译英
预防为主prevention first 综合治理comprehensive control/management 全面推进entire/all-round push-on 重点突破breakthrough at key points 亲仁善邻cordiality, benevolence and good neighborliness 和睦相处living in harmony with others 强不凌弱，富不侮贫The strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor. 协和万邦All nations live side by side in perfect harmony. 海纳百川，有容乃大One should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers. 兼收并蓄embrace everything that is useful 光阴似箭Time flies like an arrow. /How time files! 有诺必践Commitment should always be kept. 一如既往unswervingly 和衷共济solidarity; fighting together with one accord 亡国灭种extinction; being conquered and destroyed 万众一心pull together; join hands; make joint efforts; be united as one 浩然气概noble spirit 不屈节操unyielding moral principle 赴汤蹈火go through fire and water 殊死奋战fight desperately; fight to death 可歌可泣moved one to songs and tears 英勇卓绝heroic and splendid 插科打诨comic parts 精微深奥profound and abstruse 博大精深extensive and profound 源远流长run a long history 天下为公The world belongs to all the people.
汉语成语英译
汉语成语英译 汉语成语的定义为：言简意赅、生动万象、比一般词语有着更强的表现力、历来为人们所喜欢用的一种精粹的语言材料。汉语成语结构稳定，绝大部分以四字格形式出现，约占百分之九十七。以四字格为主体的汉语成语不少于一万条，在政治、文艺、科技等文体中都起着极其重要的作用。在汉语翻译中，汉语成语的处理自然是一个不可忽视的问题。 以前曾有人把“胸有成竹”翻译成“ have a bamboo in his stomach”，这是事故？还是奇迹？闹了一场不小的笑话。其实，这条成语很难从字面上进行翻译。它出自苏轼原语，意思是说，画家在画竹之前，先必须在脑子里产生竹的形象，比喻在做事之前心里已经有全面的考虑。对这条成语，我们只能译出它的比喻意义：“ to have a well-thought-out plan before doing”，也可用一条意义相等的英语成语来套译：“ to have a card up one’s sleeve”。 哪些汉语成语可根据其字面意义翻译？哪些只能翻译比喻意义呐？这完全取决于汉语成语的字面形式和比喻形象能否为译文读者所接受。例如，“胸有成竹”译成“ have a bamboo in his stomach”，不用说外国读者无法理解，就是我们了解汉英两种语言与文化的人也不能接受。因为译文所产生的形象与原文的比喻并不一致。 下面的英译按原文的字面翻译，其比喻效果同原文一样生动，译文使读者能很快联想起英文中的对等成语。如: 1、打草惊蛇 to stir up the grass and alert the snake (相当于 wake a sleeping dog) 2、易如反掌 to be as easy as turning over one’s hand (相当于 as easy as falling off log) 3、对牛弹琴 to play the lute to a cow (相当于 cast pearls before swine) 4、画蛇添足 to draw a snake and add feet to it (相当于 paint the lily) 不少汉语成语不一定有非常对等的英语成语，但它们的字面翻译也能使译文读者得到正确无误的形象意义。如：
汉语四字格短语英文翻译
（一）并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead 求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences （二）语意重复 广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory 高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision 贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions 层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest 延年益寿prolong one’s life 灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure 长治久安a long period of stability 求真务实pragmatic 审时度势size up the trend of events 招商引资attract investment 誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned 功在当代，利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations 继往开来，承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 路遥知马力，日久见人心Time will tell. 吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat 车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out 急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits
中英颜色词汇的对比与翻译
最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作 1 论《了不起的盖茨比》中的道德观 2 中国与日本茶文化的比较 3 网络英语的构词方式 4 翻译中的文化差异 5 从美国梦看美国社会流动机制 6 探析《老人与海》的主题 7 Roger Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter Viewed from the Humanistic Perspective 8 赫尔曼?梅尔维尔《白鲸》中的生态主义解析 9 An Analysis of The Bible’s Influence on British and American Literature 10 计算机辅助教学在英语教学中的作用 11 An Analysis of Main Characters in Wuthering Heights 12 论《英国病人》中角色的自我认知 13 个体取向与集体取向对中美商务交流的影响 14 汉英姓氏文化差异 15 探析王尔德童话中的死亡主题 16 运用概念整合理论解读英语幽默理解障碍 17 初中生英语听力理解的障碍因素及对策 18 19 《等待野蛮人》中的寓言式写作手法 20 On Wisdom of Tao in Tao De Jing and the Subjectivity of Translator－－Based upon Translations of Wu（无）and You（有） 21 An Analysis of Translation of Road and Traffic Public Signs 22 象征主义视角下《致海伦》中的意象美 23 A Brief Analysis of Willy Loman’s Tragedy in Death of a Salesman 24 中式英语成因之分析 25 The Use of Symbols in A Farewell to Arms 26 管窥世纪年代以前的朴素社会语言学思想 27 论汉语新词语的英译 28 丁尼生《鹰》与休斯《鹰之栖息》的对比分析 29 A Study on English and Chinese Euphemisms from the Perspective of Cultural Difference 30 寻找真正的自我 31 浅析库尔特?冯尼古特《猫的摇篮》中的黑色幽默 32 广告英语的语言特征 33 On Translation of Symbolism in Pop Songs with a Case Study of Hotel California 34 霍桑的罪恶观在《红字》中的体现 35 面部表情和目视行为的跨文化研究 36 探析《劝导》中安妮的成熟形象 37 工业化进程下人的主体性的追问——梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》 38 论《荆棘鸟》中的女性意识 39 从《红字》看霍桑对清教主义的批判与妥协 40 A Contrastive Study on Language Features of Chinese and English Proverbs
四字成语中译英
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 四字成语中译英 预防为主综合治理全面推进重点突破亲仁善邻和睦相处prevention first comprehensive control/management entire/all-round push-on breakthrough at key points cordiality, benevolence and good neighborliness living in harmony with others The strong should not oppress the weak and the rich 强不凌弱，富不侮贫 should not bully the poor. 协和万邦All nations live side by side in perfect harmony. One should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast海纳百川，有容乃大because it admits hundreds of rivers. 兼收并蓄光阴似箭有诺必践一如既往和衷共济亡国灭种万众一心浩然气概不屈节操赴汤蹈火殊死奋战可歌可泣英勇卓绝插科打诨精微深奥博大精深源远流长天下为公 embrace everything that is useful Time flies like an arrow. /How time files! Commitment should always be kept. unswervingly solidarity; fighting together with one accord extinction; being conquered and destroyed pull together; join hands; make joint efforts; be united as one noble spirit unyielding moral principle go through fire and water fight desperately; fight to death moved one to songs and tears heroic and splendid comic parts profound and abstruse extensive and profound run a long history The world belongs to all the people. 1/ 6
中英文颜色词的文化内涵和翻译
中英文颜色词的文化内涵和翻译 【摘要】由于汉语和英语两种语言的文化差异，许多词汇蕴涵了不同的民族感情色彩，在翻译和交际过程中可能产生偏差和误解。本文以颜色词汇为例分析解读了颜色词汇的不同文化内涵和感情色彩，以此达到增强语言交际能力、避免文化冲突的目的。 【关键词】颜色；词汇；文化差异；文化内涵 Abstract: Owing to the cultural difference between Chinese and English, words are embedded with different national feeling, which would result in misunderstanding even wrong translation in the course of communication. This article takes some colors for instance to analyze cultural connotations and hidden national feelings of vocabulary in different countries so as to improve communication and avoid cultural conflicts. Key word: colour vocabulary cultural difference cultural connotation
对颜色的认知，是人类最基本的认知范畴之一。虽然各种语言表达颜色的词汇数量差别较大，但是基本词汇，如黑、白、红、黄、绿、蓝等，在很多语言中都是相通的。不过，由于各民族文化风俗、地理位置、历史传统、宗教信仰、民族心理、思维习惯等方面差异，颜色词语有时表现出各民族独特的“个性”，带有显著的文化烙印。比如巴西人忌讳绿色，日本人忌讳黄色，泰国人忌讳红色，比利时人忌讳蓝色，土耳其人忌讳花色，欧美国家大多忌讳黑色。颜色在不同的民族文化中承载了不同的内涵。某些词汇包含多项文化内涵,其中某一个文化内涵可能与译入语完全契合,某一个可能部分对应,而另一个可能相互冲突。比如中文中，说一个人妒忌的“眼红”，英语却说“眼绿”－green-eyed。我们以颜色词为例，看看英汉词汇文化内涵转换的多样性。 RED(红色) 1．red 英汉中相同的文化内涵 无论是在英语国家还是在中国，红色往往与庆祝活动或喜庆日子有关。因为日历中，这些日子常用红色字体。 英: red letter day：指的是“纪念日”或“喜庆的日子”。
四字格翻译
四字格翻译 （一）并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline* administration and institute decentralization (vt. To form into a smooth shape which moves easily through water or air 把…设计为流线型) 集思广益draw on* collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas (vt. To make use of)国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger (on, over)* with no thought of leaving for home (to wait for a time instead of going; 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead 求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences （二）语意重复 广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory 高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision 贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions 层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest 延年益寿prolong one’s life 灵丹妙药panacea/ miraculous cure 长治久安 a long period of stability 求真务实pragmatic 审时度势size up the trend of events 招商引资attract investment 誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned 功在当代，利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations 继往开来，承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 路遥知马力，日久见人心Time will tell. 吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat 车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s alwa ys a way out
成语四字格翻译
第五讲成语、俗语、典故的翻译 何为成语 成语既是一种结构固定而凝练、内涵丰富而深刻的语言现象，也是人类的历史和文化在人们所使用语言中的体现和反映。汉语和英语中都含有丰富的成语，在汉语中，成语指人们长期以来习用的，简洁精辟定型的词组或短语,常为四字短语，而在英语中，成语是词组，其含义不同于其中单词的含义，（idiom is phrase which means something different from meanings of the separate words）是不能明显地从构成其成分的单词的含义中找到其含义的词组和句子，必须从整体上进行理解。（phrase or sentence whose meaning not obvious through knowledge of the individual meanings of the consituent words but must be learnt as a whole） 英汉成语的相似性 两个基本特征： 一、语义的统一性或整体性：一条成语所表达的是一个整体的意思。 二、结构的固定性或定型性：成语的词序结构一般不能随意更改或颠倒，也不能随意增 减词，或者任意使用其它的词来替代某个词。 按照汉语成语和英语成语的语法功能和结构成分来分析，汉语成语可以分成动词性、名词性、形容词性和副词性成语等四大类。英语成语也包括这四大类。 Eg: 弃恶从善（动词性） turn over a new leaf （动词性） 富丽堂皇（形容词性） （as）jolly as a sand boy （形容词性） 千方百计（副词性） tooth and nail （副词性） 英汉成语中所反映的文化差异 1、生存环境的差异 成语的产生与人们的劳动和生活密切相关。英国是一个岛国，历史上航海业曾一度领先世界；而汉民族在亚洲大陆生活繁衍，人们的生活离不开土地。比喻花钱浪费，大手大脚，英语是spend money like water，而汉语是“挥金如土”。英语中有许多关于船和水的成语，在汉语中没有完全相同的对应成语，如to rest on one's oars（暂时歇一歇）, to keep one's head above water（奋力图存）, all at sea（不知所措）等等。 在汉语的文化氛围中，“东风”即是“春天的风”，夏天常与酷署炎热联系在一起，“赤日炎炎似火烧”、“骄阳似火”是常被用来描述夏天的词语。而英国地处西半球，北温带，海洋性气候，报告春天消息的却是西风，英国著名诗人雪莱的《西风颂》正是对春的讴歌。英国的夏季正是温馨宜人的季节，常与“可爱”、“温和”、“美好”相连。莎士比亚在他的一首十四行诗中把爱人比作夏天，Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?/Thou art more lovely and more temperate。 2、习俗差异 英汉习俗差异是多方面的，最典型的莫过于在对狗这种动物的态度上。狗在汉语中是一种卑微的动物。汉语中与狗有关的成语大都含有贬意：“狐朋狗党”、“狗急跳墙”、“狼心狗肺”、“狗腿子”等，尽管近些年来养庞物狗的人数大大增加，狗的“地位”似乎有所改变，但狗的贬义形象却深深地留在汉语言文化中。而在西方英语国家，狗被认为是人类
关于英语中颜色词的翻译
关于英语中颜色词的翻译 一、黑色与动词连用时的一些习惯用法及其翻译 to be in the black 盈利，赚钱 to be(get)in someone’s black books 失宠于某人 to go into the black 哀悼 to give sb. a black look 恶狠狠地瞪某人一眼 to have a black eye 鼻青脸肿 to pain sb. black 说某人坏 to black out 涂掉，掩蔽 to work like a black 工作非常努力 to see sth. in black and white 是非分明地看问题 二、黄色 在英语中，yellow是卑怯者的形容词。美国俚语又常以yellow代替cowardly，如yellow dog(卑鄙之徒)；He is too yellow to stand up and fight.(他太懦弱了而不敢站起来进行斗争)。而黄色在中国传统中是神圣、高贵、权威的象征，被视为中华民族的本色，又是帝王之色。但今天“扫黄” (anti-pornography campaign)中的“黄色”却是色情的同义词。此外，汉语中的“黄色电影(obscene movies)，黄色书刊(filthy books)，黄色音乐(vulgar music)等中的“黄色”均不能直译为yellow。请看下列“yellow”与名词连用时的一些习惯用法及其翻译： yellow brown 黝黑的皮肤yellow line 黄线(路边限制停车者) yellow alert 预备警备a yellow-dog contract(以受雇工人不 yellow streak 胆怯，懦弱加入工会为条件的)雇佣契约懦弱的人 yellow belly 可鄙的胆小鬼，懦弱的人 yellow looks 尖酸多疑的神情 在上面这些例子中，汉译时也都是与“黄”无关的，即yellow不能直译为“黄色”。