搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 新世纪高等院校英语专业写作教程第一册Unit 1-4课后答案

新世纪高等院校英语专业写作教程第一册Unit 1-4课后答案

新世纪高等院校英语专业写作教程第一册Unit 1-4课后答案
新世纪高等院校英语专业写作教程第一册Unit 1-4课后答案

Unit 1 .

1.1)The little boy was chicken-hearted.

2)That statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.

3)We sat down by the oak tree ,enjoying the breeze coming from the lake.

4)We need to drink the milk before it sours.

5)The child had difficulty finding his way to school.

6)The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.

7)My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.

8)Our university can accommodate 4,000 students.

9)Social customs vary greatly from country to country.

3.1)experienced

2)elapsed

3)attempting

4)with

5)take up

6)made

7)endeavor

8)true

4.1)The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.

2)We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.

3)Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.

4)We must pursue this matter farther.

5)The principle behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.

6)All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.

7)The federal government comprises the legislative,judicial,and executive branches.

8)The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.

9)(correct)

10)He was awaked to the risk.

6.1)Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.

2)The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.

3)Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.

4)Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was at fault..

7)He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.

8)The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.

9)Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.

10)The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.

11)He believes that athletics improves school morale.

12)Up goes the starter”s gun,and each of the runners becomes tense.

13)Either The Moning Post or The City News is a reliable sourse of news.

14)The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.

15)She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.

2.1)play a minor role/be a utility man

2)That’s Greek to me.

3)belated action/advice

4)Where there is smoke there’s fire.

5)an evil creature

6)walk into the trap

7)one’s face glowing with he alth

3.1)We must practice economy./We must reduce unnecessary expenditures .

2)It is essential to control environmental pollution.

3)We must arrive at the station on time.

4)Financial expenditures should be arranged in order of priority.

5)We should speed up construction of urban housing so as to improve the housing conditions.

6)To be allowed to make profits,private capital has to meet tow condition:1)the profits must be

legal,and 2)they must not be excessive.

7)During the period of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan we must never neglect grain

production.Instead,we must steadily increase it.

5.1)me 2)who 3)I

4)me/myself 5)me 6)each other’s

7)who 8)us 9)whom

10)Some 11)one’s 12)His

13)his 14)his,his

1.1)When I was assigned a certain task,I did it to my best ability.

2)Fog can cause blindness.

3)Recently I joined a social club which raise money for the care of needy

children,and we meet every Wednesday afternoon.

4)An eassy should be understandable to the reader.

5)Many items are expensive at discount stores.

6)Bears that have just come out of hibernation are usually hungry and dangerous.

7)The author should have shortened the story by half.

8)The city’s environmental surroundings are not the most comfortable.

9)I learned certain facts that I believe are vital to every freshman.

2.1)simmer:cook food gently at or just below boiling point

sauté:fry quickly in a little hot fat

bake:cook by using direct heat in an oven

2)Other verbs about cooking include roast,steam,braise,fly,deep-fly,boil,poach,scramble,grill,

stew,curry,baste,barbecue.

3.1)For dinner we had barbecued steaks and sweet corn.

2)Last week my brother John joined an insurance company.

3)He is not a friendly and easy-going colleague.

4)Our view of the sea at sunset was splendid/breathtaking.

5)It was a fine day to play outdoors.

6)What impressed me most adout the city was the hustle in the streets.

4.There are seize,hurl,choke,blind,leap,flee,etc.

5.1)I admire Jenny’s long black glossy hair so much.

2)The fearless explorer finally landed at the South Pole.

3)Fast driving on a smooth road can be great fun.

4)John and I often wrote each other long e-mails full of jokes.

5)The pale skinny woman fainted suddenly.

6.1)I invited the visiting professor to the English Club.

2)Shooting stars warm us of catastrophe.

3)The deleted sentence was unnecessary.

4)Stephanie tiptoed up the carpeted steps.

5)The students attending the art school are highly active.

6)The dollar bill split in half was taped.

7)Amy was the only winning contestant who was below 10.

8)The freshly painted house shone in the sun

7.1)indescribably 2)dark 3)occasional

4)steadily 5)surely,bad 6)terribly

8.1)At his mother’s request,he agreed to wait at least a year before getting married. 2)Halfa of the girls in town were in love with Ben,but he wanted to marry Christine only.

3)John hopes that in the years to come he can be as successful as his father has been.

4)The winner of the contest ate almost three dozen hamburgers.

5)Debbie knew that chicken when fried always pleased ED.

6)Mary could not resist the temptati on to whisper in her friend’s ear about what she had seen.

Unit4

p.54

4.

1) lay-lie

2) opened-opens

3) lead-led

4) were-are

5) arrived-had arrived

6) seemed-seems

7) died-had died

8) will x

9) return-returns

10) is-were

11) is-were

12) finds-find

5.

1) was attacked 2) robbed 3) was taken 4) released 5) spent 6) left 7) had promised 8) be 9) was walking 10) was attacked 11) described 12)took 13) containing 14) was (just) turning 15) occurred 16) saw 17) was happening 18) rushed 19) ran 20) warn 21) be 22) walk 23) had 24) commented 25) be

新世纪高等院校英语专业写作教程第一册Unit14课后答案(供参考)

Unit 1 . 1.1)The little boy was chicken-hearted. 2)That statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena. 3)We sat down by the oak tree ,enjoying the breeze coming from the lake. 4)We need to drink the milk before it sours. 5)The child had difficulty finding his way to school. 6)The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts. 7)My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him. 8)Our university can accommodate 4,000 students. 9)Social customs vary greatly from country to country. 3.1)experienced 2)elapsed 3)attempting 4)with 5)take up 6)made 7)endeavor 8)true 4.1)The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted. 2)We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested. 3)Tony can hit a ball farther than I can. 4)We must pursue this matter farther. 5)The principle behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success. 6)All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest. 7)The federal government comprises the legislative,judicial,and executive branches. 8)The whole region was struck by an economic disaster. 9)(correct) 10)He was awaked to the risk. 6.1)Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for. 2)The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly. 3)Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications. 4)Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was at fault.. 7)He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest. 8)The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial. 9)Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display. 10)The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case. 11)He believes that athletics improves school morale. 12)Up goes the starter”s gun,and each of the runners becomes tense. 13)Either The Moning Post or The City News is a reliable sourse of news. 14)The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines. 15)She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.

泛读4课文翻译

Unit?1?普通人的胜出之道? 在大学里,Jim似乎是一个非常优秀的快速成功者。他用很少的努力取得很好的等第,他的同学评选他是“最可能成功的人”。毕业后,他有几个工作可选。? Jim进入一家大型保险公司的销售部门并且在工作之初表现很好。但他很快陷入一种停滞不前的状态,随后跳到一家更小的公司,情况同样如此。厌倦了销售工作,他开始尝试销售管理。然而之前的模式又发生了:他深受喜爱,被认为是一个能快速成功的人,但他很快就只能像哑炮一样只能发出微弱的嘶嘶声了。现在他为另外一家公司卖保险,并且疑惑他为什么不能做得更好。? Joseph?D'Arrigo是另外一个例子。“我总把我自己看作是一个普通人,”D'Arrigo告诉我。“我进入寿险这一行,做得还算不错。我有幸与几个最棒的寿险推销员一起被指任为一委员会委员。一时间我吓得要命。”? 当他开始了解这些成功者时,D'Arrigo意识到了什么:“他们并没有比我有更高的天赋。他们也是普通人,只是他们把眼光放高一些,然后找到了实现他们目标的途径。”他还意识到了更多的东西:“如果其他普通人可以梦想远大的梦想,我也可以。”现在他自己拥有一个市值数百万美元的专营员工福利的公司。? 为什么像D'Arrigo这样的普通人似乎经常能比像Jim一样的人取得更多的成功呢?为了找出其中的原因,在我作为公司咨询者的工作中,我与超过190个人进行了面谈。非正式调查的结果为我证实了Theodore?Roosevelt曾经说过的话:“成功的普通人不是天才,他仅仅拥有平凡品质,但他将他的那些平凡品质发展到超出常人的水平。”?我坚信那些胜出的普通人有以下特点:?懂得自律。“你不需要成功的天赋,”科罗拉多州丹佛市Porter纪念医院的首席执行官,因扭转经营不善的医院而获得名望的Irwin?C.?Hansen?强调“你的全部所需是一大罐胶水。你在你的椅子上涂上一些,在裤子的臀部涂上一些,然后坐在上面,坚持做每一件事直到你做到了你自己的最好。”? 一般的成功人士为了将来的收获,甘坐冷板凳且推迟享受。反观诸多快速成功者,他们期望太多且渴望一蹴而就。当回报不能立刻兑现时,他们就会变得灰心丧志,愁苦不堪。?五十年前,一组研究人员开始了一个雄心勃勃的长期研究,他们分析了268个男性大学生的即将走上的人生轨迹。在这些现在已经年近古稀的老人中,研究人员发现在校表现与工作能力的联系很小。而一些品质比如“沉着稳重和可以信赖”与“实践能力和组织能力”更为重要。根据现在主持研究工作的心理医生George?E.?Vaillant?的说法,一个决定性的精神习惯是他所说的“延缓而非放弃满足欲望的能力”。? 财务策划者Frances?Johansen在她的工作上也从人们管理他们的金钱以及事业的方法中领悟到了这个的原则。她讲述了两对与她商议过的夫妇。一对是从事专业性工作的夫妇,两人都是大学学历的快速成功者。“他们每年能赚超过140000美元”Johansen?说“但是他们现在欠债60000美元,并且除了一大堆抵押物和账单之外没有什么能够作为他们努力工作的成果展示。然后是另外一对40多岁的夫妇,”她继续说道“他们牺牲了他们早先的几年,以最快的速度置办了一个家,之后他们做了些投资并且拥有了很多股票。现在他们住在一个温馨的家中,也再也不用过那些精打细算的日子了。”这家的男主人是一个蓝领,“只有一个中学文凭,”Johansen?提到。“但他十分努力地工作,用自律和耐心一步一步的建立他的事业。”?表现人们最好的一面。曾经的南加州大学洛杉矶分校校长,后任《镜报》首席执行官的Franklin?Murphy直率地说:他的成功是建立在别人天赋的基础上的。“我一直在寻找那些有天赋,能自律的人。然后培养他们的爱心和忠诚。我招募他们,激励他们,每当我们取得什么成绩时,我与他们一起分享荣誉。

实用英语写作大纲

VII. 实用英语写作 一、课程基本情况 1.学分: 1 学时:16 (理论学时:16 实验学时:0 )2.课程类别:限选课 3.适用专业:非英语专业本科 4.适用对象:非英语专业本科三年级学生(第五学期) 5.先修课程:大学英语 6.教材与参考书目: 教材:教师讲义 参考书:《新世纪实用英语写作》,张玉娟,陈春田,外语教学与研究出版社,2003 《英语应用文写作大全》,《英语应用文写作大全》编写组,社会科学出文献出 版社 《英语应用文写作》,杨晓钰,重庆大学出版社 《英语写作系列-英汉应用文手册》,傅似逸,北京大学出版社 《英语常用应用文写作》,韩铁椿、陈汉华,上海财经大学出版社 《实用英语写作教程》,李予军编著,国防工业出版社,2008年 《研究生英语写译教程》,杨若东、袁锡兴,中国人民大学出版社,2004 《英语论文写作》,石坚、帅培天,四川人民出版社,2005 《高级英语写作教程》,马红军、毛卓亮,中国对外翻译出版公司,2006 二、课程介绍 1.实用英语写作作为一种国际商贸动作和国际事务交往过程中必不可少的交际工具, 对贸易的缔结和双边关系的保持起着举足轻重的作用。随着全球经济一体化的迅速发展,国际商务交往日益频繁,为了增强学生在国际商务活动中的交际能力,培养复合型人才,本课程向学生提供了一个选材广泛和能体现各种商务情景的优秀范文资料库,帮助学生了解涉外英语中最常见的和最常用的各种信函的用途,使学生在学习各种信函的同时,不仅能够熟悉各种信函的英文表达法,而且能够广泛增加有关商务活动的知识,从而提高他们运用英语进行书面交际的能力。 2.本门课是专业教学计划中的普通教育必修课,与先前英语基础课的关系是其后续的专业英语课。 3.本课程的教学目的:旨在使学生掌握各类英语书信的语言特点及篇章结构;了解便条及卡片、社交信函、求职、求学申请信的起草方法和各类信件的写作方法;熟悉各类涉外证件、商务信函、对外经济贸易中的技术交流合同、保险、外贸业务相关的各类电传以及广告、产品使用说明及产品维护等信函的写作技巧等。

《全新版大学英语阅读教程4(高级本)》课文翻译

---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 《全新版大学英语阅读教程4(高级本)》课文翻译 《全新版大学英语阅读教程 4(高级本)》 ------普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材译文(部分) 1.The Campers at Kitty Hawk 在这篇文章中,John Dos Passos 运用散文和诗歌两种文学形式,讲述了莱特兄弟制造的世界上第一架飞机,这是人类历史上最重要的里程碑之一。 他还描述了杰出的莱特兄弟的生活,他们去 kitty Hawk 不是为了野营,而是去完成一个听起来不可能的事情。 1903 年 12 月 17 日,住在俄亥俄州代顿市霍桑街一幢木头房子里的兄弟联合会主教、曾任《宗教嘹望》报编辑的莱特先生收到了他的儿子威尔伯和奥维尔发来的电报。 他们两个突发奇想, 去北卡罗来纳州海岸沙丘上的一个小宿营地度假 ,给自己匆忙赶制的滑翔机做一些修补。 电文:周四早成功四次飞行,在 21mile/hour 从水平面起飞,仅靠引擎力量启动,平均 31mile/hour 最长 57 秒。 数字有点出入,因为电报员误读了奥维夫的潦字。 但事实并没改变,来自 dayton,俄亥俄州的两个单车修理工设计,建造,并试飞了一架真正的飞机。 电机预热几分钟后,我松了拉住飞机在跑道的绳,飞机迎风冲去。 韦伯扶着机翼跑以保持机身的平衡,以免跑出跑道。 不像 14 号那天,今天电机平静的向前稳行,直面 27M/H 的风。 1/ 6

《基础写作教程》试题及答案

《基础写作教程》试题及答案 1、 下列选项中不属于表达方式的是 ( ) A 、叙述 B 、描写 C 、说明 D 、修辞 2、 下列选项中不属于写作活动的特点的是 ( ) A 、人文性 B 、计划性 C 、综合性 D 、实践性 3、文章体式的特点不包括 ( ) A 、规范性 B 、流变性 C 、综合性 D 、实践性 4、 影响写作活动的重要主体因素不包括 ( ) A 、年龄与阅历 B 、情感与情绪 C 、责任与道义 D 、素质与人格 5、写作活动中的“三环活动”不包括 ( ) A 、前写作 B 、写作 C 、后写作 D 、反思 1、散文的类型包括 ( ) A 、叙事散文 B 言情散文 C 、明理散文 D 、描写散文 2、散文的特征包括 ( ) A 、自我的定真性 B 、取材的真实性 C 、对象的广泛性 D 、表达的自由性 3、评论文可分为 ( ) A 社会评论 B 文艺评论 C 学术评论 D 思想评论 4、表达方式包括 ( ) A 叙述 B 描写 C 说明 D 议论 5写作活动的特点有 ( ) A 人文性 B 综合性 C 个体性 D 创造性 1.受体的心理特征包括:求知受益心理、 、 ____________ 、 一、单项选择题 (在下列每小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案,填入题干的括号中。每小题3分,共15分) 二、多项选择:(下列各题至少有两项是正确的,请选择,多选少选错选均不得分,每小题4分,共20分。) 三、填空题(本大题每空1分,共15分)

___________。 2.文章修辞大致分为___________、 ____________。 3.观察的类别有:实用观察、_____________ 、 _____________ 、 _____________。_ 4.调查研究的基本思路是___________ 、 _____________ 、 ______________。 5.学术短评的特点是____________ 、 ____________、 ___________。 6.立意是指________________ ___________________。 2. 修辞 3. 语体 1.科普文写作的主要特点是什么?(9分) 四、名词解释题(本大题共3小题,每小题7分,共21分) 五、简答题(本大题共3小题,共29分)

商务英语写作教学大纲

《商务英语写作》教学大纲 一、课程性质、任务和基本要求 1.课程性质 《商务英语写作》是商务英语专业的专业核心课程,也是文秘、国贸等涉外专业的重要选修课程,旨在培养学生英语五项技能中的英语写作能力。此课程涵盖了商务英语基本写作类型、写作规、写作格式和写作方法,课程容与现实商务生活紧密结合,既提供各种实例,又设计了一体化的实训,训练学生用英语有条理地组织商务信息,起草规得体、条理清晰的商务文书,合理利用商务交流中的礼节和技巧,建立有效的商务沟通。 2.课程任务 开设本课程旨在使学生对商务情景中最常见和最常用的各种应用文的用途及格式有一个总的了解,使其不仅能熟悉商务文体的各种惯用英文表达法,而且能广泛增加有关商务知识,并在模拟及实景中运用这些知识进行商务交际。 3.基本要求: 充分利用教材中的商务材料以及老师所给的案例,并结合所学商务知识,与现实商务活动进行多种形式的联系,提高学生对各种商务写作材料的准确理解和把握。经过反复学习、模仿和套用,掌握商务应用文的书写规律和方法,逐渐学会撰写各类商务应用文,力求语言正确,表达得体,在实际操作中活学活用。 二、学时分配建议 本课程教学总时数为66课时,具体学时分配可参见下表。 学时分配建议表

三、教学目标: 1.课程能力目标: (1)能够根据招聘广告并结合个人实际情况,熟练撰写英语求职信、应聘信、求职追踪信和个人简历等求职类文书 (2)能够运用商务交际中的礼节和技巧,撰写英语邀请函、感信、祝贺信等常见社交类文书 (3)能够规地起草英语启示、通知、备忘录、商务报告、会议纪要等常用公务文书(4)能够比较规地撰写英语名片、简章、商品使用说明书、推销函等主要商务宣传文书 (5)能够正确、得体地处理询盘信、发盘信、还盘信、订单与合同等常规外贸商务函电。 2.课程知识目标 (1)掌握英文求职信、应聘信和个人简历的基本格式和主要容; (2)了解英文书信的基本格式和不同书信类型的写作特点;

刘乃银英语泛读4(第三版)课文翻译

英语泛读教程4 第三版 Unit1天才与工匠 许多人羡慕作家们的精彩小说,但却很少有人知道作家们是如何辛勤笔耕才使一篇小说问世的。以下的短文将讨论小说的酝酿过程,以及作家是如何将这小说雕琢成一件精致完美的艺术品。 有一次,我在暮色中来到小树林边一棵鲜花盛开的小桃树前。我久久站在那里凝视着,直到最后一道光线消逝。我看不到那树原先的模样,看不见曾穿透果核,能崩碎你的牙齿的力量,也看不到那使它与橡树和绿草相区别的原则。显现在我面前的,是一种深邃而神秘的魅力。当读者读到一部杰出的小说时,他也会这样如痴如狂,欲将小说字字句句刻骨铭心,不提出任何问题。 但即使是个初学写作者也知道,除那将小说带到世上的文字之外,还有更多的构成小说生命的因素,小说的生命并不始于写作,而始于内心深处的构思。 要创作出有独创性的作品,并不要求懂得创造的功能。多少世纪以来的艺术、哲学及科学创造都出自人们的头脑,而创造者也许从未想到去关注创造的内在过程。然而,在我看来,对创造工作一定程度的了解,至少会使我们通过知道两个事实,增长我们处理正在出现的故事的智慧。 首先,天赋不是掌握了技艺的艺术家独有的特性,而是人脑的创造性功能。不仅所有对技艺的掌握都含有天赋,而且每个人都具有天赋,

无论他的天赋发展是何等不充分。对技艺的掌握是天赋的显现,是经过培养的,发展了的和受过训练的天赋。你的天赋在最原始的层面上起作用。它的任务就是创造。它是你的故事的创造者。 第二,将你的小说带进世界的文字是艺术家的工作,它就和一个泥瓦匠的工作一样,有意识、谨慎而实实在在。天赋正如理解力、记忆力和想象力一样是我们的精神禀赋中的天然部分,而技艺却不是。它必须通过实践才能学到,并要通过实践才能掌握。如果要使在我们内心深处浮现的故事跃然纸上,光彩照人,那么,每个故事都须有感染力极强的优雅文笔。只有健全的技艺才能使我们做到这一点。 一个故事是如何酝酿成的呢?据说,我们从一生中的前二十年,或许前五年起就开始写作。这可能取决于个人,而写作中的很多事都取决于个人。无论如何,童年和少年时期的清晰印象,或多或少无条件地存在于我们的记忆中,未被解释,不受约束,而且栩栩如生,永不磨灭。困惑、徬徨、畏惧、喜悦、辉煌和平庸,在各种程度上以各种形式组合在一起。这些对往事的印象在心中悸动着。它们在等待什么?是在等待某种圆满的结果?还是对它们特有的真理的认可?似乎它们的创伤需要切开,隐秘的见解需要表露,发现需要与人分享,苦恼需要承认,这种飘渺的美需要形式。 我们就这样背负着各种任务渡过一生。时而,一个常常是小小的体验,撬开了记忆之门,抓住了这些虽已年代久远,却依然栩栩如生,呼之欲出的印象。于是,故事就如种子一般开始萌动。 这种经历人人都有,却鲜为人知。然而,一旦富有创造力的作家有了

大学英语写作教程重点(可编辑修改版).

1.段落解释: is a unit of thought composed of sentences,smaller units of thought,that relate to a single topic.Paragraph divisions serve two very useful functions 2.A good paragraph is composed 组成 in such a way that it has : idea with nothing in the paragraph not covered by the topic explores the main idea explicitly and concretely,with 3.第一个写作常识has sound internal structure.The qualities that indicate sound internal structure are unity,coherence,and completeness. 4.怎样做到内容一致An excellent way of achieving unity is by means of the topic sentence.Properly used,the topic sentence forces the writer to adhere to and to sustain the point he is trying to establish 5.标题句① the topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph,which indicate the importance of the topic sentence;②the topic sentence 6.第二个写作常识 In short,a good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus,namely,a good topic sentence is not too general nor too narrow.A topic sentence that is too general requires much more than a paragraph to develop it.A topic sentence that is too narrow leaves little to be said in the rest of the coherence is connection and consistency.A coherent paragraph is one in which all the sentence are related logically and grammatically to make a whole that allows the reader to follow the writer’s train of thought step by step 8.第三个写作常识 Just as topic sentences help readers follow our ideas,other signals also help them understand what we have to say.When we write and when we revise,look for the areas that seem choppy or unconnected—that lack coherence.We can establish better coherence by using the following devices:pronoun reference,repetition ,and in a paragraph means that the topic is adequately developed by details,explanations,definitions,evidences,and the like,so that the reader is not left with only a fuzzy idea of what the writer means 1第四个写作常识:Development of the main idea, then, is like enlarging a photograph to make the details clearer. So, development in the paragraph is as important as unity and coherence between skillful development helps us to stick to our subject and focus and to keep up the sense of oneness. 2Inductive Pattern (归纳法概念):In developing a paragraph by means of the inductive pattern of reasoning the writer presents particular instances of a like kind and leads them into valid generalization which serves as his topic sentence. 3Deductive Pattern (演绎法概念):In developing a paragraph by means of the deductive pattern the writer begins with a generalization(the topic sentence) and proceeds with specific elaboration or application of the general idea. 4Inductive-deductive Pattern(归纳演绎法):As the name indicates, in developing a paragraph by means of inductive-deductive pattern the writer first presents particular instances and a resulting generalization, then applies the generalization to a new instance.5第五个写作常识:Sequences of development are not independent of types of development. The most important sequences of development are general to particular, particular to general, climactic, chronological, and spatial. 6Climactic Sequence (层递顺序):In a climactic sequence, the most intense or highest point of interest is saved for the final sentence, which may be, but is not necessarily, the topic sentence. 7.Chronological Sequence (时间顺序):A chronological sequence is one in which earlier things precede later things; items are listed in the order in which they occur in time. The most obvious use of a chronological sequence is in telling a story. 8Spatial Sequence (空间顺序):A spatial sequence is used in descriptions of various types. It starts the reader at a particular point and then moves logically in some direction, from one place to another. 9第六个写作常识:The type of development is the way in which the main idea is supported-by details, definitions, statements of cause and effect, and so on. 10段落展开方式:Among the most important types of paragraph development are development by detail, comparison and contrast, process, classification and partition, cause and effect, definition, and mixed development.

专业英语阅读与写作教学大纲

《专业英语阅读云写作》教学大纲 一、课程基本信息 二、课程性质和目的 专业英语阅读与写作是电气工程及其自动化专业的专业英语课程,是将专业知识的学习与英语的学习有机地结合起来,在基础英语知识的基础上,侧重了专业英语的阅读与翻译技巧的训练。通过本课程的学习,使学生能够熟练阅读本专业外文教材,掌握专业英语翻译技巧和英文写作的基本要求,为从事相关工作打下坚实的基础。 三、课程教学的基本要求 1.熟悉一般科普类英语的文体,掌握科技英语浏览和阅读的基本技巧; 2.掌握科技词汇的一般构词和使用方法; 3.掌握英文正式书信和其他常用应用文的描述与写作方法; 4.掌握英文中图、表和曲线的描述与写作方法; 5.熟悉专业英语文体、阅读及翻译技巧。 6.熟悉专业英语文献的基本结构,如摘要、引用、时态、参考文献等,借鉴IEEE文献格式,掌握专业英语中写作的一般方法。 四、课程教学基本内容 1.科技英语阅读 电气工程及其自动化专业科技英语阅读包括三个阅读单元,每个单元由一篇核心阅读内容(CRT)和一篇补充阅读内容(SRT)构成。每个单元附有大量的阅读练习,包括科技词汇、语法、阅读理解和翻译等。每单元4学时。 (1) CRT:Stampede on the Superhighway SRT:The Complete Survival Guide to the Information Superhighway (2) CRT:Traffic Technology Drivers to clear the road SRT:Factors in the Development of Transportation (3) CRT:Once and Future Landfills SRT:Water Resource Management System

英语泛读教程3第三册Unit4课文翻译

寻找可以依靠的坚实臂膀 在美国,越来越多的老人独居。他们生病时处境通常显得很悲惨。简·格罗斯在下面的文章中指出这些老年人的问题。 每次人们在医生办公室给格雷斯·麦凯比递来一份紧急情况联系人表格时,空格处总令她心中发怵。对任何有配偶、伴侣或子女的人来说,这是个很简单的问题。但是,75岁的麦凯比女士一直独居。谁能和她一起渡过难关?情况最糟糕的时候,谁会关心她? 这些曾是假设的问题。但是现在,麦凯比女士视力越来越差,几乎完全看不见。她一直有很多朋友,但从没请过谁为她负起责任,比如,接急诊室半夜来的电话,或因为她自己不能写支票而帮助付账单。 她在所有的朋友中,选定了一个心地善良、遇事不慌、有解决问题能力的人。所以,她多次在空白处写止“夏洛特·弗兰克”,然后打电话说,“夏洛特,又把您写在单子上了,”于是,紧张时刻得到缓解。 麦凯比女士被一个鲁莽的司机撞倒在人行横道上,得了脑震荡,这时,年龄70岁,自己也独居的弗兰克女士在起居室长沙发上守了一夜。麦凯比女士再也看不清标)隹字体时,弗兰克女士给她弄了一台电脑,把字体设置到最大,这样,她就能读报纸,从商品单定购货物。 “你会发现,有些好朋友成了至交,”麦凯比女士说,“夏洛克既实际又形象地告诉我要,抓住不放,我这样做了。” 无法统计出不同年龄生病或有残疾的独居者的数字,医院安排出院的人和家庭健康照料机构说,他们服务的明显无人照顾的独居者越来越多。 人口调查报告中,单人家庭,包括从未结婚者、离婚者和丧偶者,其数目明显增加。2003年,近27% 的美国家庭由独居者组成,高于1970年的18%,这些家庭注重的是不具有亲属的法律地位或社会地位的友谊。人口统计学家警告说,生育高峰期出生的人老年化,疾病和残疾成为老年不可避免的必然结果,这将使独居者家庭队伍壮大。 美国医院协会资深副会长詹姆斯·本特利说,独居者属于最棘手的情况。他说,任何病人或残疾人,在医院里和出院后都“需要有人负责照料他们”,但独居者在特别脆弱的时候,却是自己照料自己。 “病人不能同时想着两种角色,”他说,“但我们还没有一个好的机制来处理这个问题。” 医院里短期停留的病人增加,有时让不能自理的病人回家,这就使情况更糟。本特利先生说,医院必须找些新方法,让这类病人对面临的问题有所准备,并说独居者必须“在生病之前想一想”自己有哪些组织起来的关系网可以访问。 他说,“如果我们等到出生高峰时期出生的人需要这些的时候才来考虑,因为他们人数太多,没有办法特别处理,这是我们现在就要思考的问题,否则,到时候绝对会一团糟。”

大学英语综合教程2作文1-6单元

Unit 1 1.一次难忘的经历,帮助陌生人或者被陌生人帮助(250) One weekend morning, while walking on a bustling street with a light heart, I was suddenly overtaken by a startling moan. Turning around, I discovered the sound was coming from a black mass in a corner. “What?s that?” My heart pounded heavily. I went up and saw a human being, alive but in a dreadful state. He was crouching on the ground with deformed hands and legs, mumbling something. He had obviously lostthe normal ability to move and work. A dirty plate was placed in front the miserable-looking man, in which there were some coins and small notes. As my eyes were drift ing away from him, his eyes caught mine suddenly. What eyes they were! Filled with misery and expectation, they were looking straight at me. He was unable to speak, but I seemed to hear his pleading voice and read his despairing mind. His look seemed to be telling me about his hard life and his longing for help. For a while, I was at a loss what to do.Should I drop some coins in the plate like some other passers-by or turn away in indifference? I recalled news reports about men pretending to be beggars, who were actually healthy and able to work. Could this be another one of those scams? But the beggar was there, groaning and living. Then something seemed to hit me hard. I drew a five-yuan note from my pocket, dropped it in his dirty plate and walked away quickly in silence. “No good deed is too small.” Maybe we need to bear this saying in mind. 一个周末的早晨,当我心情轻松地走在熙熙攘攘的街道上时,突然听到一声令人吃惊的呻吟。我转过身来,发现那声音来自角落里的一团黑色的东西。“什么”?我的心砰砰直跳。我走上前去,看见一个人,还活着,但却处于一种可怕的状态。他蹲在地上,手脚都变形了,嘴里咕哝着什么。他明显丧失了正常的行动和工作能力。一个肮脏的盘子被放在一个看起来很可怜的人面前,里面有一些硬币和小纸条。当我的眼睛渐渐离开他时,他的眼睛突然抓住了我的眼睛。什么眼睛他们!充满了痛苦和期待,他们直视着我。他说不出话来,但我似乎听到了他恳求的声音,看出了他绝望的心情。他的表情似乎在告诉我他的艰难生活和他对帮助的渴望。有一段时间,我不知所措。我应该像其他路人一样往盘子里扔一些硬币,还是漠然地转过身去?我想起了一些新闻报道,说有男人假装乞丐,其实他们很健康,还能工作。这是另一个骗局吗?但乞丐在那里,呻吟着,生活着。然后,似乎有什么东西狠狠地砸了我一下。我从口袋里掏出一张五元的钞票,扔进他脏兮兮的盘子里,一言不发地迅速走开了。 “善行不嫌小。”也许我们需要记住这句话。 2.关于社会中人际关系(150) We are living in a world of distrust. We live behind cold security bars; we do not talk to strangers, let alone go out of our way to help them; we live in fear of fake products. In short, fear and feelings of insecurity fill the environment we live in. All this greatly harms our society. Growing up in such an environment, we tend to feel

英语专业写作教程第二册复习资料

◆段落写作方法一:Development by time(Linking devices) 1.根据日期,小时,月份写时间 ◆段落写作方法二:Development by space(Linking words of location and direction) 1.水平(左到右):to the left, to the right, next to 2.垂直(上到下):below在下面, under, 3.纵深(里面到外面):in front, in back, behind在后面, beyond 4.环形(从东到西,再由西到东):on the opposite side, across 5.放射形(从近到远):foreground to background

◆段落写作方法三:Process analysis(Step by step) 1.in detail from beginning to end 2.Follow the order of the actual steps 3.explanation or classification to further clarify the procedure. (more typical) 例子: ●first,then,after this,now,when all this is done,finally...... ● A festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan. This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. Food is laid out for them as they are expected to be hungry after their long journey home. prepared and specially made are the lanterns, which are hung outside each help the dead their way. people keep dancing and singing all night long the early morning. the food that had been laid out for the dead is now thrown into a river or into the sea as it is considered unlucky for anyone living to eat it. In thrown that are near the sea, the tiny hung in the streets the night before, are placed into the water. This of the festival. Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. This is a moving spectacle, for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more. ◆段落写作方法四:Development by exemplification 1.Specific 具体 2.And relevant相关的 3.Sufficient充分的(比如说多个例子)

相关主题