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研究生综合教程(上)考试翻译整理

研究生综合教程(上)考试翻译整理
研究生综合教程(上)考试翻译整理

Unit4

1.Babies and children deprived of love have been

known to develop a wide variety of problems- for

example, depression, headaches, physiological

impairments, and neurotic and psychosomatic diffi 译文:众所周知,缺乏爱的婴幼儿会产生各种各样的问题,如抑郁症、头痛、生理残疾、神经质或身心

疾病,这些病有时会伴随他们一生。

2.Much research shows that the quality of care

infants receive affects how they later get along

with friends, how well they do in school, how they

react to new and possibly stressful situations, and

how they form and maintain loving relationships 译文:很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友,在学校的表现,如何应对陌生的或可能充满

压力的情况,以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感

联系。

3.Children who are raised in impersonal

environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or

unloving families) show emotional and social

underdevelopment, language and motor skills ...

译文:在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院,某些寄养家庭,或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育

不良,语言和运动技能迟缓,以及精神健康问题。

4.People who don't like themselves may not be able

to return love but may constancy seek love

relationships to bolster their own poor self-images. 译文:不喜欢自己的人也许不懂得回报爱,而却有可能不停地寻找爱的关系来改变卑微的自我形象。

5.What we mean by love depends on whether we are

talking about love for family members, friends, or

lovers. Love has been a source of inspiration, wry

witticisms, and even political action for many

centuries.

译文:爱对我们来说意味着什么,这取决于我们所指的是家之间、朋友之间还是恋人之间的爱。几百

年来爱都是灵感、俏皮的揶揄、甚至政治活动

的来源。

6.If respect and caring are missing, the relationship is

not based on love. Instead, it is an unhealthy or

possessive dependency that limits the lovers'

social, emotional, and intellectual growth.

译文:如果美玉尊重和关怀,两人的关系就不是建立在爱的基础上;反而成为一种不健康的或者是具有占有欲的

依赖,这会限制恋人双方在社会、情感和治理方面的

发展。

7.This type of love is neither exciting nor thrilling but

is relatively mundane and unromantic. It means

paying bills, putting out the garbage, scrubbing

toilet bowls, being up all night with a sick baby,

and performing myriad other ' oatmeal"

译文:这种爱既不令人激动也不令人兴奋,但是它却是实实在在的,不浪漫的。它回复账单,倒垃圾,

刷马桶,孩子生病时守夜,以及完成其他各种各

样的不那么性感的“搅燕麦粥”的任务。

8.We will never meet millions of potential lovers

because they are "filtered out" by formal or

informal rules on partner eligibility due to factors

such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, 译文:我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人,因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛

选出局,这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会

阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。

9.Although romance may cross cultural or ethnic

borders, criticism and approval teach us what is

acceptable romantic behavior and with whom.

One might "lust" for someone, but these yearnings 译文:虽然爱情可以跨越文化和民族的界线,但批评和赞同教会了我们什么是可以接受的浪漫行为和

与谁发生浪漫行为。一个人也许会对另一个人产

生“欲望”,但是如果有强烈的文化或族群反对,

我们中的大多数人即使有这样的渴望也不会因

此而爱上某人的。

10.Healthy loving relationships, whether physical or

not (such as love for family members), reflect a

balance of caring, intimacy, and commitment.

译文;健康的恋爱关系,不管它们是有性的或是无性的(比如对家人的爱)都反映了关怀、亲密和忠诚

的平衡。

1.Yoga can be performed by those of any age and

condition, although not all poses should be

attempted by everyone.

译文:虽然有些姿势并不适合所有人练习,但是任何年龄段的人在任何条件下都能练习瑜伽

2.Beginners should exercise care and concentration

when performing yoga postures, and not try to

stretch too ;:much too quickly, as injury could

result.

译文:初学者在练习时应集中注意力,小心动作不要做得太过太快,以免受伤。

3.Some advanced yoga postures, like the headstand

and full lotus position, can be difficult and require

strength, flexibility and gradual preparation.

译文:一些高阶的瑜伽高难动作,如头倒立式或全莲花坐式,需要有很好的力量、柔韧性和日积月

累的练习准备。

4.Modern psychological studies have shown that

even slight facial expressions can cause changes in

the involuntary nervous system.

译文:现代心理学研究表明,即使细微的表情变化也会引起神经系统的自主改变

5.Yoga practitioners claim that the strengthening of

mind/body awareness can bring eventual

improvements in all facets of a person’s life.

译文:瑜伽练习者认为,精神/体质的加强最终将为生活的各方面都带来好处

6.Yoga classes are generally inexpensive, averaging

around 10 dollars per class, and students can learn

basic postures in just a few classes.

译文:瑜伽课的学费一般不贵,平均一堂课10美元,学员们在几节课内就能学会基础的瑜伽动作。

7.Yoga has the added advantage of being a

low-impact activity that uses only gravity as

resistance, which makes it an excellent physical

therapy routine.

译文:瑜伽的另一个优点是,除了地心引力外,它不需承担额外的阻力,这使它成为身体治疗法的不

二之选。

8.Yoga is not a competitive sport; it does not matter

how a person does in comparison with others, but

how aware and discipline d one becomes with one’s

own body and limitations.

译文:瑜伽不是竞技体育,练瑜伽不需要和别人比,练瑜伽的目的是提高自己的觉悟和身心自律能

力。

9.Ongoing research in top medical schools is showing

yoga’s effectiveness for overall health and for

specific problems, making it an increasingly

acceptable health practice.

译文:越来越多的来自顶尖医学院的研究结果标明,瑜伽对全身健康和特殊病症都有好处,这也使越

来越多的人接受这项健康的运动。

10.Yoga slowly began gaining followers, and

flourished during the 1960s when there was a surge

of interest in Eastern philosophy.

译文:慢慢地有人开始练习瑜伽,并在20世纪60年代东方哲学盛行的时候形成了学习瑜伽的高潮。

1.Seat belts still decrease our risk of dying in an

accident, but the statistics are not all black and

white.

译:座椅安全带固然能降低我们在车祸中死亡的危险,但从统计数据看,情况并不是那么绝对。

2.What he found was that contrary to conventional

wisdom, mandating the use of seat belts in 18

countries resulted in either no change or actually a

net increase in road accident deaths.

译:他的发现与人们的普遍看法恰恰相反,在18个强制使用安全带的国家,要么交通事故死亡率根本

没有变化,要么实际上反而导致了死亡率的净增

长。

3.Nor will these possible concerns exist in a

vacuum. He will be taking into account the weather

and the condition of the road, the amount of traffic

and the capabilities of the car he is driving.

译:这些可能的担心也不是孤立存在的,他还要考虑到天气和路况、交通拥挤的程度和所驾车子的性

能。

4.The point, stresses Adams, is that drivers who

feel safe may actually increase the risk that they

pose to other drivers, bicyclists, pedestrians and

their own passengers.

译:亚当斯强调说,问题就在于自我感觉安全的司机们实际上对其他司机、骑自行车者、行人和自己

车上的乘客来说是更大的危险。

5.In the case of seat belts, instead of a simple,

straightforward reduction in deaths, the end result

is a more complicated redistribution of risk and

fatalities.

译:安全带并非简单、直截了当地减少死亡人数,而是对风险和死亡事故进行了更加复杂的再分配。

6.In everyday life, risk is a moving target, not a set

number as statistics might suggest. In addition to

external factors, each individual has his or her own

internal comfort level with risk-taking.

译:日常生活中,风险是不断移动的靶子,而并不像统计数据那样是个固定数字。除了外部因素外,

每个人对于冒险都有自己内在的安全尺度。

7.Some are daring while others are cautious by

nature. And still others are fatalists who may

believe that a higher power devises mortality

schedules that fix a predetermined time when our

number is up.

译:有些人天生大胆而有些人天生谨慎,还有些人是宿命论者,他们会认为,有一种更强大的力量设计了死亡时间表,预先决定了我们的死期。

8.Consequently, any single measurement assigned

to the risk of driving a car is bound to be only the

roughest sort of benchmark.

译:因此,对驾车风险做任何单一的测算所得到的肯定只是最粗略的基准数据。

9.The bottom line is that risk doesn’t exist in a

vacuum and that there are a host of factors that

come into play, including the rewards of risk,

whether they are financial, physical or emotional. 译:问题的要点就在于风险并不是孤立存在的,它会受到许多因素的影响,包括承担风险所带来的种种回报──无论是财产方面的、身体方面的,还是情感方面的。

10.We make dozens of risk calculations daily, but

you can book odds that most of them are so

automatic or visceral ─ that we barely notice them.译:我们每天要做几十遍风险计算,但是可以确信的是,多数时候人们对风险的计算自然而然或者说是出于本能,以至于我们几乎注意不到我们在做计算。

1.We hold them up to the standards we see in

our people. If it looks like they have these

same traits, we’ll place a bet on them.

译:我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出来的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话,我们就

在他们身上赌一把。

2.The business environment is less wolf-wolf

and competitive, so signs of being

collaborative and selfless stand out. You just

can’t succeed in an industry environment

without this mindset.

译:企业的环境并不需要单打独斗,争强好胜,所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在

企业环境中,没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。

3.Many postdocs and grad students have a

tough time showing that they can make this

transition because so much of their life has

involved playing the independent researcher role

and outshining other your stars.

译:许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他

们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色,并且要表现

得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。

4.You can make yourself more attractive to

companies by working together with scientists

from other laboratories and disciplines in pursuit

of a common goal- and documenting the results

on your resume.

译:你可以提高在公司的吸引力:为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作---

并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。

5.This approach, combined with a liberal use of

the pronoun “we”and not just “I”when

describing your accomplishments, can change

the company’s perception of you from a lone

wolf to a selfless collaborator.

译:这个方法,加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”,而不是“我”,能使公司对你的看法从

“单干户”转变成“合作者”。

6.Better still, develop a reputation inside your

lab and with people your lab collaborates with

as a person who fosters and initiates

collaborations- and make sure this quality gets

mentioned by those who will take those

reference phone calls.

译:更为有利的是,要在你实验室内部,以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间,培养一个良好声誉:一个鼓励并发动合作的人---还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。

7.This creates a requirement not only for people

who can act quickly, but for those who can think

fast and have the courage to act on their

convictions.

译:这样,不仅对那些行动迅速的人们,也对那些思维敏捷,并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提

出了要求。

8.Business success is often defined by comfort

with ambiguity and risk-personal, organizational,

and financial. This creates a disconnect for

many scientists because success in academia is

really more about careful, studied research.

译:商业成功通常有这样一个特质:那就是能接受不确定因素和风险---个人的,组织上和财务上的。

这就让许多科学家感动不适应,因为学术上的成

功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。

9.To suddenly be valued and measured by your

mastery of human relationships can be very

scary proposition for a person who has been

valued and measured only by his master of

things.

译:对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说,突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他,真是十分令人恐惧。

10.The scientist who is transitioning into the

business world must prioritize his or her

relationship assets above their technical assets 译:想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。

1.Chinese cuisine is a brilliant facet of Chinese

culture, which is proven by the fact that Chinese restaurants are found scattered everywhere throughout the world.

1.中国美食是中国文化一道绚烂的风景线,这点从世

界各地随处可见的中餐馆可以窥见。

2.In addition to these traditional cuisines, the culinary

industry in China has undergone great changes, as almost every place has its own local specialties, and as the different cuisine gather together in big cities, such 2.中国的烹饪业也经历了巨大的变化:每个地方都形

成自己的特色菜;不同的菜系汇集于诸如北京这样的大城市。

3.Sichuan, known as Nature’s Storehouse, is also a

storehouse of cuisine. Here, each and every restaurant provides delicious yet economical culinary fare.

3.被誉为“天府之国”的四川也是个美食之都。在那

里的任何一家餐馆都能找到既可口又经济实惠的美食。

4.As one of the earliest ports open to foreign trade, the

province has developed a culinary with its own characteristics that has exerted a far-reaching influence on other parts of China as well as throughout the world where it is the most commonly 4.作为最早对外开放的通商口岸之一,广东省的餐饮

文化独具特色,对中国其他地方乃至全世界产生了深远的影响。

5.Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical

of food from along the lower Yangtze River. One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature.

5.浙江菜口味清淡,精致玲珑,是长江下游区域菜肴

的代表。西湖醋鱼是其中的一道名菜。这道菜鲜美、酥嫩,带着自然的清香。

6.Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as in

other parts of world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake.

6.中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜,

但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正。因为只有杭州拥有来自西湖的鱼和水。

7.A good name can make the dish more interesting;

however, some names are so eccentric that they may confuse people, both Chinese and foreigners. If you only translate the name literally with no explanation, you could make a fool of yourself.

7.一个好名字能使这道菜更有意思,但有些菜名太怪

异了,听起来让人一头雾水,不要说外国人难以

理解,就是中国人往往也不是很清楚。你要是望

文生义,准得闹出笑话来。

8.Often the young and old still sit in order of

seniority, and the elders select food for the young while the young make toasts to the elders. Chinese people like to create a lively, warm, and harmonious atmosphere during meals.

8.吃饭时,年长的和年少的按照年龄大小依次坐好,

长辈为晚辈夹菜,晚辈给长辈敬酒。中国人喜欢

营造出一派欢乐、温馨、和谐的气氛。

9. A hostess or host in China will apportion the

best parts of the dishes to guests. Using a pair of serving chopsticks, she or he places the best part of a steamed fish or the most tender piece of meat on the plate of the most important guests.

9.在中国,主人会把最好的菜分给客人。他们用公筷

把清蒸鱼最好的部分或最嫩的肉夹给最重要的来

宾。

10.In a sense, it has strengthened the collective spirit

of the nation. At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group; with the eating process also being a time to show humility and concern for others.

10.从某种意义上说,它增强了人们的集体主义精神。

无论在聚会还是在宴席上,人们首先考虑大家的

需求,把吃饭当成是谦卑有礼和关怀他人的场合。

1. In her wildest dreams, she didn't think her Harry Potter

books would appeal to more than a handful of readers.

2. Amazingly, Rowling keeps her several plotlines clear

of each other until the end, when she deftly brings everything together in a cataclysmic conclusion.

3. When the book finally went on sale at 12:01 am.

Saturday, thousands of children in Britain and North America rushed to claim their copies.

4. The only sour note in all the songs of joy over this

phenomenon has come from some parents and conservative religious leaders who say Rowling advocates witchcraft.

5. But perhaps the most curious thing about the Potter

phenomenon, especially given that it is all about books, is that almost no one has taken the time to say how good—or bad—these books are.

6. They share so many elements with so many children's

classics that sometimes it seems as though Rowling had assembled her novels from a kit.

7. The crucial aspect of their appeal is that they can be

read by children and adults with equal pleasure.

8. The best writers remember what it is like to be a child

with astonishing intensity. Time and again, Rowling articulates just how defenseless even the bravest children often feel.

9. I don't think the books would have their broad appeal

if they were only exciting tales of magical adventure, and I know adults would not find them so enticing.

10. That quibble aside, Rowling’s novels are probably

the best books children have ever encountered that haven't been thrust upon them by an adult. 1.她做梦也没有想到会有那么多人对她的书感兴趣。

2. 让人称奇的是,罗琳让每一册书的情节相互独立,

但最后,她却能够巧妙地把它们衔接起来,形成

一个意想不到的结局。

3. 当这本书终于在星期六午夜12:01面市时,在英

国和北美,成千上万的孩子争相购买。

4.在对“哈利波特”现象的一路欢歌中,出现的唯一

一个不和谐音符来自干一些父母和保守的宗教领

袖。

5. 但是对于“哈利波特”现象最让人感到好奇的事情

可能是几乎没有人会花时间去讨论这些书有多好

或者多糟,尤其是当这些评论仅仅涉及书本身的

时候。

6. 它们与众多儿童经典作品有太多相似之处,所以有

时候会给读者一种感觉,仿佛罗琳组装编织了这

些故事。

7. 它们如此受欢迎的关键之处就在于无论是大人还

是小孩都能够从阅读中获得乐趣。

8. 优秀作家关注孩子特点的能力达到惊人的程度。罗

琳不只一次地清楚表达出,即便是最勇敢的孩子

也经常会表现得那么无助。

9. 我认为,如果这些书只是一些有关魔幻之旅的有趣

的故事,那么它们就不可能有这么广泛的吸引力。

而且我知道,那样的话成人就不会被它吸引。10. 除了这些吹毛求疵的意见,罗琳的书可能是孩子

们所接触到的最好的书,而且阅读这些书也不是

家长强加的任务。

研究生英语综合教程(上)熊海虹课后部分翻译答案 (1)1

第一单元 “一年365 天,一周7 天,一天24 小时,生意始终在进行,那意味着一年365 天,一周7 天,一天24 小时,竞争也同样在进行,”豪特说,“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’!这就是说,你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来,而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样,不仅对那些行动快速的人们,也对那些思维敏捷,并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作,而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后,职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说,当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时,便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友,在学校的表现,如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况,以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因,人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院,某些寄养家庭,或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良,语言和运动技能迟缓,以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”,而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现,是文化标准和价值观而非命运,将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人,因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局,这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制,一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间,而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同,一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常,而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果,随着动作越来越熟练,你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量,改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果,但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习,这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的,因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝

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Unit One 核心员工的特征 大卫·G.詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时,我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理,给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工,在某个专业领域,你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 在我的小组中,有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家,其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的,”他说,“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候,我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人:其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话,目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而,每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话,我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测,”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工,你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险,你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1:无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征,人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及,是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作,”费策尔说,“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗,争强好胜,所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中,没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色,并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力:为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法,加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”,而不是“我”,能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是,要在你实验室内部,以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间,培养一个良好声誉:一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2:紧迫感 唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org 网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业,并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作,这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天,一周7天,一天24小时,生意始终在进行,那意味着一年365天,一周7天,一天24小时,竞争也同样在进行,”豪特说,“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说,你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来,而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样,不仅对那些行动快速的人们,也对那些思维敏捷,并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作,而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” 8特征3:风险容忍度 企业要求员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论,”一位客户在职业描述中写道。 9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质:那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的,组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应,因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。更进一步说,伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里,你需要了解过程,但最终你会迷上答案,然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合,是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。”

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Unit1 根据传说,伏羲生于中国西部,出生之前在其母腹中孕育了12年。伏羲教会了人类打猎、捕鱼、驯养野兽、饲养家禽。伏羲制定了人类的嫁娶制度,教会人们劈柴取火和烹煮食物;他还通过龟背上的裂纹创立了八卦,这些八卦成为数学、医学、占卜学和风水的基础。此外,伏羲还创造了中华民族的图腾龙,被认为是中国历史上第一个真正的统治者。 Fuxi was born in the west part of China and, according to legend, he was carried in his mother’s womb for twelve years before birth. He taught people how to hunt, fish, domesticate animals and tend their flocks. He instituted marriage and taught people how to devise tools to split wood, kindle fire and cook food. He devised the Trigrams, which evolved from markings on tortoise shells. These trigrams served as the basis for mathematics, medicine, divination and geomancy. Furthermore, he created the Chinese dragon as the totem of the nation and was considered as the first real ruler. Unit2 儒家的创始人是孔子(公元前551—479),他提出了一套道德规范,基于五种美德:仁、义、礼、智、信。其中“仁”被认为是他的哲学理念的基石,代表着忠诚、孝道(filial piety)、宽容和善良。他还提倡人与人之间和谐相处、按照行为规范标准建立生活社区。他的追随者之一孟子(公元前372-289)不断地向统治者们游说,试图说服他们修

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