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新编汉英翻译教程

新编汉英翻译教程
新编汉英翻译教程

学校各部门:

校医院 university hospital

保卫科 security section

财务处 finance section

基础部 basic training department

教材科 teaching material section

教导处 educational setion

教务处the dean’s office

教研室 teaching and research room

科研处 scientific research department

膳食科 catering section

外事科 foreign affairs office

学生科 student affairs section

学术委员会 academic committee

研究生院 graduate school

招生办公室 admission office

政教处 political education section

总务处 general affairs office

政党及党组织:

九三学社 The Jiu San Society

台湾民主自治同盟 The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League

政治局 Political Bureau

中共中央对外联络部 International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee

中共中央统战部 United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee 中国共产党 The Communist Party of China

中国共产主义青年团 Communist Youth League of China

中国国民党革命委员会 The Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang

中国民主促进会 China Association for Promoting Democracy

中国民主建国会 China Democratic National Construction Association

中国民主同盟 The China Democratic League

中国农工民主党 Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party

中国致公党 China Zhi Gong Party

中央办公厅 General Office of the Central Committee

中央党校 Party School of the Central Committee

中央顾问委员会 Advisory Commission of the Central Committee

中央候补委员 Alternate Member of the Central Committee

中央纪律检查委员会 Discipline Inspection Commission of the Central Committee

中央军事化委员会 Military Commission Under the Central Committee

中央绿化委员会 Greening Commission of the Central Committee

中央书记处 Secretariat of the Central Committee

中央委员会 Central Committee /.

中央政法委员会 Commission of Politics and Law of the Central Committee 中央政治局 Political Bureau of the Central Committee

中央政治局常务委员会 Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee

中央组织部 Organizing Department of the Central Committee

国务院所属各部、委、局的名称

兵器工业部 Ministry of Ordnance Industry

财政部 Ministry of Finance

城乡建设环境保护部Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environment Protection

地质矿产部 Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources

电子工业部 Ministry of Electronics Industry

对外经济贸易部 Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade

对外贸易经济合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 纺织工业部 Ministry of Textile Industry

工商局 Industrial and Commercial Bureau

工商行政管理总局General Bureau of Industrial and Commercial Administration

公安部 Ministry of Public Security

广播电影电视部 Ministry of Radio, Film and Television

国防部 Ministry of National Defense

国防科学技术工业委员会the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for State Security

国家安全部 Ministry of State Security

国家标准总局 State Bureau of Standardization

国家测量制图局 State Bureau of Surveying and Cartography

国家档案局 State Archives Bureau

国家地震局 State Seismological Bureau

国家发展计划委员会 State Development Planning Commission

国家海洋局 State Oceanic Bureau

国家计划生育委员会 the State Family Planning Commission

国家计划委员会 the State Planning Commission

国家计量总局 State Bureau of Metrology

国家经济体制改革委员会 the State Commission for Restructuring Economic System

国家经济委员会 the State Economic Commission

国家民族事务委员会 the State Nationalities Affairs Commission

国家商品检查局 State Commodity Inspection Bureau

国家水产总局 State Bureau of Aquatic Products

国家税务局 State Taxation Administration

国家体育运动委员会 the State Physical Culture and Sports Commission

国家统计局 State Statistical Bureau

国家物价局 State Bureau of Commodity Prices

国家新闻出版署 State Press and Publication Bureau

国内贸易部 Ministry of Internal Trade

国土局 Land and Resources Bureau

国土资源部 Ministry of Land and Natural Resources

国务院参事室 Office of Counselors to the State Council

国务院港澳办公室 Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office under the State Council

国务院侨务办公室 Overseas Chinese Affairs under the State Council

海关总署 General Administration of Customs

航天工业部 Ministry of Astronautics Industry

核工业部 Ministry of Nuclear Industry

化学工业部 Ministry of Chemical Industry

机械工业部 Ministry of Machine-Building Industry

监察部 Ministry of Supervision

建设部 Ministry of Construction

交通部 Ministry of Communication

教育部 Ministry of Education

科学技术部 Ministry of Science and Technology

劳动和社会保障部 Ministry of Labor and Social Security

林业部 Ministry of Forestry

旅行游览总局 General Administration of Travel and Tourism

煤炭工业部 Ministry of Coal Industry

民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs

轻工业部 Ministry of Light Industry

农牧渔业部 Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery

全国供销合作总社All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives

审计署 Auditing Administration

石油工业部 Ministry of Petroleum Industry

水利电力部 Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power

司法部 Ministry of Justice

铁道部 Ministry of Railways

外国专家局 Bureau of Foreign Experts Administration

外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs

卫生部 Ministry of Health

文化部 Ministry of Culture

信息产业部 Ministry of Information Technology and Telecom Industries 冶金工业部 Ministry of Metallurgical Industries

邮电部 Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications

宗教事务局 Bureau of Religious Affairs

其他政府和群众组织:

中华全国妇女联合会 All-China Women’s Federation

中华全国工商业联合会 All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce

中国残疾人协会 Chinese Association for the Handicapped

中华全国总工会 All-China Federation of Trade Unions

中国红十字会 Red Cross Society of China

全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress

省人民代表大会Provincial People’s Congress

地区人民代表大会Prefectural People’s Congress

市人民代表大会City People’s Congress

自治区人民代表大会 Autonomous Regional People’s Congress

中国人民政治协商会议Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference

最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court

中级人民法院Intermediate People’s Court

中央法院 Central Court

地方法院 Local Court

人民检察院People’s Procuratorate

公安局 Ministry of Public Security

中国民用航天局 Civil Aviation of China

国家安全部 Ministry of State Security

中国民用航天总局 General Administration of Civil Aviation of China

中国文字改革委员会 Committee for Reforming the Chinese Written Language 中国中央电视台 China Central Television Station/ CCTV

中央气象局 Central Bureau of Meteorology

中央文史研究馆 Central Research Institute of Culture and History

新华社 Xinhua News Agency

编辑室 Editorial Section

辞书出版社 Lexicographic Publishing House

高等教育出版社 Higher Education Press

古籍出版社 Classics Press

广播电视出版社 Broadcasting and Television Press

教育出版社 Education Press

科学技术出版社 Science & Technology Press

美术出版社 Fine Arts Press

人民出版社People’s Publishing House

商务印书馆 Commercial Press

少年儿童出版社Juveniles and Children’s Publishing House

社会科学出版社 Social Science Publishing House

外文出版社 Foreign Languages Press

文艺出版社 Literature and Art Publishing House

销售部 Sales Department

译文出版社 Translation Publishing House

音像出版社 Audio-Visual Publishing House

中国对外翻译出版公司 China Translation & Publishing Corporation

商业银行 Commercial Bank

信用社 Credit Cooperative

中国工商银行 Industrial & Commercial Bank of China

中国建设银行 China Construction Bank

中国农业银行 Agriculture Bank of China

中国人民银行the People’s Bank of China

中国银行 the Bank of China

中国文化特色词语

宗教及传统文化

拜年 pay a New Year call

财运 luck in making money

禅宗 Chan Sect

出家人 ascetic

祠堂 memorial temple

倒春寒 an unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring 道教 Taoism

道士 Taoist priest

法师 Master

方丈 Buddhist abbot

佛教 Buddhism

恭喜发财 May you be prosperous!/ Wish you all the best!

和尚 Buddhist monk

红包 red envelope containing money as a gift/ bribe/ kickback 红运 good luck

华表 ornamental column/ cloud pillar/stele

华盖 canopy

回教 Islam

慧根 the organ of wisdom

基督教 Christianity

甲骨文 inscriptions on oracle bones

江南水乡 the south of the lower reaches of Yangtze River

戒 precept/ discipline

金刚经 Diamond Sutra

京剧票友 Peking Opera fan

京剧人物脸谱 types of facial make-up in Peking Opera

景泰蓝cloisonné

旧教、天主教 Catholicism

坎儿井 karez

空 emptiness

喇嘛 Lama

老字号 an old and famous shop/ enterprise

尼姑 Buddhist nun

涅槃 Nirvana

旗袍 cheongsam

三藏经 Tripitaka

三教(儒、释、道)Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 时运 luck/ fortune

四大皆空 all space directions being valid

新教,耶稣教 Protestantism

真人 Taoism pure man

族人 clansman

坐禅 sitting in meditation

节假日

春节 Spring Festival

党的诞生日Party’s Birthday

端午节 Dragon-Boat Festival

国庆节 National Day

建军节 Army Day

教师节Teachers’ Day

六一儿童节 Internationa l Children’s Day

清明节 Pure Brightness Day

三八妇女节International Working Women’s Day

五一劳动节 May Day/ International Labor Day

元旦New Year’s Day

元宵节 Lantern Festival

中秋节 Mid-Autumn Festival

重阳节 Double-Ninth Festival

名胜古迹

阿里山 Ali Mountain

碑林 Forest of Steles

兵马俑 the Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses

布达拉宫 Potala Palace

长城 Great Wall

长春观 Changchun Taoist Temple

承德避暑山庄 Chengde Mountain Resort

城隍庙the Town God’s Temple

大(小)雁塔 Greater (Lesser)Wild Goose Pagoda

叠彩山 Piled Silk Hill

东方明珠塔 the Oriental Pearl Power

东湖 East Lake

洞庭湖 Dongting Lake

峨眉山 Mt. Emei

二七纪念馆 February 7 Memorial Hall

夫子庙 the Temple of Confucius

鼓浪屿 Gulang Islet

故宫 the Imperial Palace/ the Forbidden City

归元寺 Guiyuan Buddhist Temple

龟山 Tortoise Hill

华清池 Huaqing Hot Spring

黄鹤楼 Yellow Crane Tower

黄山 Huangshan Mountain

九曲桥 the Nine Zigzag Bridge

橘子洲 Orange Island

孔庙 Confucius Temple

坤宁宫 Palace of Earthly Tranquility

乐山大佛 Large Leshan Buddha

灵隐寺Temple of Soul’s Retreat

龙门石窟 Longmen Grottos

庐山 Mt. Lushan

芦笛岩 Reed Flute Cave

毛主席纪念堂 Chairman Mao Memorial Hall

莫高窟 Mogao Grotto in Dunhuang

蓬莱阁 Penglai Pavilion

人民大会堂People’s Great Hall

人民英雄纪念碑the Monument to the People’s Heroes

日月潭 Sun Moon Lake

三峡 the Three Gorges on the Yangtze

少林寺 Shaolin Temple

蛇山 Snake Hill

狮子林 Lion Grove

十三陵 the Ming Tombs

石林 Stone Forest

嵩山 Songshan Mountain

太和殿 Hall of Supreme Harmony

太湖 Lake Taihu

泰山 Mt. Taishan

天安门广场 Tian An Men Square

天坛 Temple of Heaven

外滩 the Bund

武汉长江大桥 Wuhan Changjiang River Bridge

武侯祠 Temple Dedicated to the Memory of Zhuge Liang

象鼻山 Elephant Trunk Hill

养心殿 Hall of Mental Cultivation

颐和园 the Imperial Garden/ the Summer Palace

雨花台 the Terrace of the Raining Flowers

玉渊潭公园 Jade Abyss Pool Park

豫园(上海城隍庙)Yuyuan Garden/ Shanghai’s Town God’s Temple 岳阳楼 Yueyang Tower

中山陵 Dr. Sun Yet-sen’s Mausoleum

紫金山天文台 Purple Hills Observatory

紫禁城 the Forbidden City

紫竹院公园 Purple Bamboo Court Park

节气

二十四节气 the twenty-four solar terms

立春 the Beginning of Spring (1st solar term)

雨水 Rain Water

惊蛰 the Waking of Insects

春分 the Spring Equinox

清明 Pure Brightness

谷雨 Grain Rain

立夏 the Beginning of Summer

小满 Grain Full

芒种 Grain in Ear

夏至 the Summer Solstice

小暑 Slight Heat

大暑 Great Heat

立秋 the Beginning of Autumn

处暑 the Limit of Heat

白露 White Dew

秋分 the Autumn Equinox

寒露 Cold Dew

霜降Frost’s Descent

立冬 the Beginning of Winter

小雪 Lesser Snow

大雪 Great Snow

冬至 the Winter Solstice

小寒 Lesser Cold

大寒 Greater Cold

政治经济活动

“达标”活动“target hitting” activities

“豆腐渣”工程 jerry-built project

“一条龙”服务 coordinated-process service

安居工程 Housing Project for low-income families

按劳分配distribution according to one’s performa nce

把各项政策落到实处 truly put all policies into effect

把握正确的舆论导向 to properly guide the public opinion

把眼光放远一点 to subordinate immediate interests to the long –term ones/ to be farsighted/ to have a broad view

把已经确定的方针政策措施落到实处 to get the set principles, policies and measures implemented

百花齐放,百家争鸣 Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend

百年不遇 once-in-a-century

摆门面 to put up an impressive front

半拉子工程 uncompleted project

包干到户 work contracted to households

保持和发展党的先进性 preserve and enhance maintain and develop the Party’s vanguard nature

保重点,不撒胡椒面 Resources must be channeled to priority projects and not spread thinly everywhere

本位主义 departmentalism

变相涨价 disguised inflation

拨乱反正 to set things right/ to restore things to order

不搞一刀切 without imposing a single solution

不顾条件,一哄而起to rush into action in disregard of objective conditions

不合理收费、集资和摊派 to impose charges and quotas and collect money without authorization

不良风气 unhealthy ways and customs

不正之风 unhealthy practice

部优产品 Ministry-recognized quality goods/ products

财政困难县 financially strapped counties

菜篮子工程 the shopping basket project

参政议政意识 the awareness of the need to participate in the discussion and administration of state affairs

超计划生育 to have more children than what is planned/ extra-plan babies 城市最低生活保障制度 the system of basic cost of living allowances for urban residents

城乡居民最低生活保障制度the system of basic living allowances for urban and rural residents

吃大锅饭the egalitarian practice of “everybody eating from the same big pot”

出口退税 export tax rebates

传销 pyramid selling/ multi-level marketing

春运 (passenger)transportation during the Spring Festival

磁悬浮列车 maglev train/ magnetic suspension

打白条 to issue IOUs

打假 to crack down on counterfeit goods

打捆货贷 bundled loans

打破僵局 to break the deadlock

大路货staple goods

大排档 sidewalk snack booth/ large stall

大腕 top notch/ a heavyweight

待业 job-waiting

单位 organizations and institutions

党风廉政政策 build a fine Party culture and keep its organization clean 党群关系 Party-masses relationship

党性one’s Party morale/ Party spirit/ Par ty character

倒爷 profiteer

第二职业 second employment/ second occupation

第三产业 tertiary industry/ service sector

对外宣传工作 to conduct public diplomacy programs

发展是硬道理 Development is of overriding importance

防洪工程 flood-prevention project

房管 real estate management

放宽市场准入 relax control over market entry/ease market access

扶贫 poverty alleviation

福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system

改革开放 reform and opening to the outside world

改革开放政策 the reform and open policy

港人治港 Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong

高新技术产业开发区 high and new technological industry development zone 搞活国营大中型企业 to revitalize large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises

搞活经济 to invigorate/ enliven/ liberalize the economy

革命老根据地 the old revolutionary base areas

公费医疗 medical services at state expense

公款吃喝 banquet at public expenses

挂靠 to be attached or affiliated to

挂职 to be attached or affiliated to / to be subordinate to

官倒 official profiteering

规范收入分配秩序 standardize pattern of income distribution

国家行政编制 government staff status

长期国库券 treasury bonds

国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises,

和平共处五项原则the Five Principles of Peace Coexistence,

和平统一一国两制的方针the principles of peaceful reunification and “one country, two systems”,

和平演变peaceful evolution towards capitalism

和谐发展 all-win harmony/harmony and all winners

和谐社会的内涵 the characteristics of a harmony society

黑店gangster inn

黑客 hacker

黑社会gangland,Mafia-style organizations

红筹股 red-chip shares/red chips

户口簿residence booklet

户口管理制度domicile system/residence registration system

户主head of a household

灰色收入 income from moonlighting

火炬计划 Torch Program

基本国情fundamental realities of the country

集体主义community spirit/collectivism

计划生育family planning

加强基层民主 to expand democracy at village and community level

加强务实合作 to enhance cooperation in practical term

假日经济 holiday economy

坚持“一个中心两个基本点”的基本路线 adhere to the Party’s basic line of taking economic development as the central task and upholding the four Cardinal Principles and the reform and opening up policy, known as “on central task and two basic points”

坚持两个文明一起抓to ensure that efforts are made to build a society that is advanced both materially and culturally and ideologically,

减员增效下岗分流to cut down the size of workforce for efficiency and get the layoffs re-employed elsewhere,

讲文明礼貌to promote civilized behavior/civic manners,

讲学习,讲政治,讲正气的党性党风教育 to educate the cadres in the Party spirit and style through the promotion of the three emphases on theoretical awareness and integrity

解放生产力emancipate the productive forces,

解放思想 to free our mind

戒急用忍to overcome impetuosity and exercise patience/no haste/be patient

经济开发区economic development zone

经济特区special economic zone

精简机构 to streamline government organs

精神文明建设to promote cultural and ethical progress,

纠风办State Council Office for Rectification,

纠正不正之风 to rectify unhealthy tendencies and malpractices,

九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education,

军转民military conversion/conversion from military to civilian production,

开展扫黄打非斗争to crack down on pornography and other illegal publications

康居工程 the Affordable Housing Project

科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.

科教兴国战略the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education

科学民主决策 to make decisions scientifically and democratically

可持续发展sustainable development

跨世纪工程 a trans-century project

廉政建设construction of a clean government

廉政文化建设 to foster a culture of clean government

领导班子leading body/group

领导班子和干部队伍建设 to strengthen the Party’s leading bodies and the ranks of Party officials to enhance capacity-building of Party’s leading

bodies and party officials

龙头play a leading role in/ serve as a powerhouse

乱摊派indiscriminate levies/ arbitrary imposition of quotas

乱涨价unauthorized price rise,

民工 out-of-town laborer/ rural laborer/ migrant laborer

民族区域自治制度 the system of autonomy of ethnic regions

磨洋工to dawdle along,

南水北调工程projects to divert water from the south to the north,

农转非 agricultural people to be given non-agriculture status

普法教育 to enhance legal awareness

企业政策性破产 policy-mandated bankruptcy of enterprise

强国之路 the path to a strong China

勤俭建国 to build the country with industry and thrift

全民所有制public ownership/public sector/publicly owned,

权力下放 to delegate/decentralize power to the lower levels

三角债 debt chains

三通direct links in postal service,air and shipping services and trade/three direct links of trade, mail and air and shipping services across te Taiwan Straits

三峡工程Three Gorges Project

三资企业enterprises in the “three firms of ventures”: Sino-foreign joint ventures,cooperative businesses and exclusively foreign-owned enterprises

扫黄anti-pornography drive/campaign against pornography,

社会主义基本制度 the basic system of socialism

涉外婚姻Chinese marriage with foreign nationals

生态补偿机制 ecological damage compensation mechanism

十年动乱the ten chaotic years/the ten-year turmoil,

十年规划和“八五”计划纲要 the guidelines of the Ten-Year Programme and the Eighth Five-Year Plan

实事求是 to pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach

事业编制 staffing of government affiliated institutions

四有公民citizens who have high ideas, moral integrity, a good education and a strong sense of discipline

脱贫to shake off poverty

歪风邪气 unhealthy practices and evil phenomena

晚婚晚育late marriage and postponement of childbearing

温饱问题the problem of inadequate food and clothing

五好家庭 five-virtue family

五讲四美三热爱 five stresses and four points of beauty and three aspects of love

五讲四美运动the movement of”five stresses and four points of beauty”:to promote civility,courtesy,tidiness,orderliness and integrity

物质文明material progress

下岗人员the laid-off

下海to take the plunge into private business

下硬功夫make intensive efforts

乡镇企业township enterprise/rural enterprise

小康社会 a well-off society

小康生活to lead a relatively comfortable life

小商品市场small fair,

信息高速公路information highway/info highway

星火计划 Spark Program

姓资姓社问题 distinction of what is socialism and what is capitalism 亚运村Asian Games Village

严打to crack down on crimes and social evils

严防死守life-and-death defense

一刀切sweeping approach/ to impose uniformity on /action in disregard of objective conditions

一国两制one country, two systems

一切向钱看 money-mania/ money-mad/to put money above anything else

依法治国to rule the country in accordance with law

移风易俗to transform outmoded habit and custom

以权谋私to abuse power for personal gains

优生优育 to promote good prenatal and postnatal care/ to improve prenatal and postnatal care

有经济头脑的人commercially minded people/people with business sense

跃上新台阶 to reach a new high

宰人 rip-off

政企分开 to separate government functions from enterprise management 支农惠农政策 policies to support and benefit agriculture,rural areas and farmers

治理三乱 to put to a stop/eliminate indiscriminate fines,charges and levies

治理整顿improve the economic environment and rectify the economic order 中央the national leadership/the central Party and government authorities/the central government

重点贫困县 designated poverty-stricken counties

重复建设 to build redundant project/duplication of similar projects

抓住经济建设这个中心to commit ourselves to the central task of economic development

专业户specialized household

自负盈亏 to be responsible for one’s own profit and loss

自留地 individual farm plots/private plots of land

走共同致富的道路take the road to common prosperity,

遵纪守法observe discipline and aside by the law

退居二线leave the leading post/retire from the leading post,

吃皇粮to receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government

汉英翻译教程1

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“文化”( culture ) 物质文化( material culture ) 制度文化( institutional culture ) 心理文化(也称观念文化)(mental culture)咖啡( coffee)、 巧克力( chocolate )、 色拉( salad)、 三明治( sandwich )、 歇斯底里( hysteria)、 休克( shock)、 基因( gene)、 钙( calcium)、 维他命( vitamin )、 奥林匹克( Olympic )、 雷达( radar)、 先令( shilling )、 夹克( jacket)、 电视( television )、 激光( laser)、 飞机( aeroplane)、 火车( train)、 交响乐( symphony )、 基督徒( Christian )、 面包( bread)、 盲文( brail )、 圣诞老人( Santa Claus)、 圣经( Bible )、 马海毛( mahair)、 贝雷帽( beret)、 革命( revolution ) 、营养( nourish )、 解放( liberate )、 民主( democracy)、 科学( science)、 独裁( dictatorship )、 心理学( psychology )、 形而上学( metaphysics)、 图书馆( library )、 想象( imagination )、 暗示( hint )、 投资( investment) 磁卡电话( card phone)、 立交桥( overpass)、 隐形眼镜( contact lenses)、

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《英汉翻译简明教程》学习辅导书(课文-演 讲)【圣才出品】

第10单元演讲(Speeches) 10.1 复习笔记 翻译理论选读 一、 A New Concept of Translating by Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. T aber Each language has its own genius.1 In the first place, it is essential to recognize that each language has its own genius. That is to say, each language possesses certain distinctive characteristics which give it a special character. 尤金·奈达(Eugene A. Nida)博士是美国圣经学会翻译部主任。他不仅在美国主持《圣经》的英译工作,还在世界各地指导许多其他语言的翻译工作。 奈达认为,过去人们在翻译过程中过于重视与原文在形式上保持一致,而他主张着重考虑读者对译文的反应,应使译文的读者和原文的读者产生同样的感受。 关于原语,就《圣经》而言,也就是希伯来语和希腊语,奈达认为它们也不过是工具,被人们用来表达《圣经》里包含的意思而已。 关于译语,奈达认为每一种语言都有自己的特点,在构词法、语序、句子结构、谚语诸方面各不相同。各个民族的文化背景不同,对各自的语言也产生不同的影响。译者不必因为译语缺少某种表达方式而抱怨;相反地,他应该尊重这一语言的特点,最大限度地发挥其潜

力,以找出适当的表达方式。他的结论是,要想使译文保持原作的内容,就必须在形式上有所改变。 word-building capacities, unique patterns of phrase order, techniques for linking clauses into sentences, markers of discourse,2 and special discourse types of poetry, proverbs, and song. Each language is rich in vocabulary for the areas of cultural focus, the specialties of the people, e.g., cattle (Anuaks in the Sudan), yams (Ponapeans in Micronesia), hunting and fishing (Piros in Peru), or technology(the western world). Some languages are rich in modal particles.3Others seem particularly adept in the development of figurative language, and many have very rich literary resources, both written and oral. To communicate effectively one must respect the genius of each language. Rather than bemoan the lack of some feature in a language, one must respect the features of the receptor language4and exploit the potentialities of the language to the greatest possible extent. Unfortunately, in some instances translators have actually tried to “remake” a language. For example, one missionary in Latin America insisted on trying to introduce the passive voice of the verb into a language which had no such form. Of course, this was not successful. One must simply accept the fact that there are many languages which do not have a passive voice. They merely choose to report actions only as active. Rather than force the formal structure of one language upon an- other, the effective translator is quite prepared to make any and all formal changes5 necessary

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water

play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now

新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)期末考试比较a与b题型归纳

新编汉英翻译教程(第二版)期末考试比较a 与b题型归纳 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/d43381606.html,work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR

以下是课本几乎所有有a,b 的都收集起来了,已经超过老师所说的20多条的.....自行挑着看,重点看第四章!!!其他爱看不看啦... 2.金桂湖位于武汉的南部后花园一一咸宁市咸安区南川水库。 9页 a.Jingui Lake, which lies in the south part of Wuhan, called the Back Garden—the Nanchuan reservoir. b. Jingui Lake is located in the Southern back garden of Wuhan— the reservoir of Xian an district of Xianning. C. Jingui Lake lies in the area of Nanchuan Reservoir, Xian'an District, Xianning, which is reputed as the Back Garden to the south of Wuhan 3.本书收集了有关他们(钱锺书、杨绛)生平与创作的资料,有关的评论文章,同时选 编了研究资料的目录索引,是研究钱锺书、杨绛的必备书。9页 a. It is a necessary book to study Qian Zhongshu and Yang Jiang, since it collects materials of their life and works as well as relevant comment writings,and compiles contents and index of the research materials. b.It includes materials of their life experiences, literary creation and related commentary essays. A bibliographic index is also presented here, which all the more entitles the book to a must for the research on the two. 练习四58页 1.这是民国六年的冬天,大风刮得正猛,我因为生计关系,不得不一早在路上走。 a. It's the winter of 1917. The wind was blowing hard, but I had to walk in the street to make a living. b. It happened during the winter of 1917. A bitter north wind was blowing but, to make a living, I had to be up and out early. 2.世事洞明皆学问,人情练达即文章。 a. The world's affairs, well understood, are all scholarship. Human relationships, maturely experienced, are already literature. b. True learning implies a clear insight into human activities. Genuine culture involves the skilful manipulation of human relationships. 3.这尊塑像站了几百年了,他觉得这是一种苦役。 a. Having stood there for several hundred years, the statue had now come to detest it as a kind of forced drudgery. b. Having stood there for several hundred years, the statue felt that it was hard labor. 13.西风,秋水,雁阵,衔着落日的远山,交融在一起,更增添打猎者的无限兴致。 (徐光兴《枪口》) 66页 a. The joy of hunters was enhanced by the west wind, the autumn stream and the wild geese mingled with the distant mountains that held the sinking sun.

汉英翻译教程

《汉英翻译教程》 练习1 1、翻译的任务是什么? 2、翻译有哪几种种类? 3、翻译的标准是什么? 4、如何正确理解和表达? 练习2 翻译下列各句,注意词的选择和搭配: 1、那个受惊的小孩紧紧抓住他母亲的手。 2、他把自己的一生献给为人民服务的事业。 3、新生儿需要细心护理。 4、该委员会由五人组成。 5、我借一下你的电话好吗? 练习3 翻译下列各句,根据需要增补适当的词语: 1、中国总是要前进的。 2、你想看这本书,就先看吧。 3、所有公民在法律面前一律平等。 4、他们一听说有新任务就坐不住了。 5、只要中国人民积极奋斗,这个宏伟的战略目标是能够达到的。练习4 翻译下列各句,注意省略: 1.新老干部要互相学习,互相帮助,取长补短。 2.他一开口总是三句话不离本行。 3.每条河流都有上游、中游和下游。 4.一五一十地都给父母讲了。 5.他们是亲密无间的朋友。 练习5 翻译下列各句,注意划线部分词类的转换: 1.中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹,在全世界引起了巨大的反响。2.共产党员应该吃苦在前,享受在后。 3.我们觉得解决这个问题并不难。 4.我们科学研究发展的特点是理论联系实际。 5.社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。 练习6 翻译下列各句,注意划线部分在句中的位置: 1.他们最近的成就表明他们所取得的巨大进步。 2.这是唯一可能的解决的办法。 3.不论晴雨,我们明天非去不可。 4.我们必须清楚了解所有牵涉到的问题。

5.我率领的部队南征北战,越战越强。 练习7 翻译下列各句,注意运用语态变换的方法:1.关于这个问题,已经说得很多了。 2.医院立即收下那个重伤的男孩。 3.认识落后,才能改变落后。 4.这篇文章需要再润色一下。 5.他的话使我感到莫名其妙。 练习8 翻译下列各句,注意恰当运用正说与反说的技巧:1.他的暗示没有引起我的注意。 2.你恐怕弄错了。 3.他不在,我感到很寂寞。 4.只要他没有病倒,他是不会不来的。 5.是重力使我们不致于从地球上抛出去。 练习9 采用适当的方式翻译下列无主句: 1.以其人之道,还治其人之身。 2.前头坐着一位老人。 3.没有矛盾,就没有世界。 4.不入虎穴,焉得虎子。 5.忠诚党的教育事业。 练习10 将下列汉语省略句译成英语省略句: 1.妈妈买了一架电视机。 2.象是要下雨的样子。 3.多年来一直喝这种苦药,我真是喝够了。 4.他有自己的打算,但不愿向别人谈论。 5.这件事你不懂,就别再操心了。 练习11 翻译下列各句,注意“得”字句补语的译法:1.她伤心得大哭起来。 2.床收拾得很整齐。 3.他兴奋得说不出话来。 4.他累得走不动了。 5.她的头发长得几乎拖地了。 练习12 翻译下列各句,注意“把”字词组的译法:1.今天是什么风把你吹来了? 2.他们把我们看做自己家里人。 3.不要把你的衣服弄脏了。 4.母亲把孩子叫回来复习功课。 5.那意味着把工作交给他了。

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案

汉英翻译基础教程 第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2) 第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4) 第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9) 第四章动词的翻译 (11) 第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12) 第六章成语的英译 (13) 第七章修辞格的翻译 (17) 笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19) 第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20) 第十章换序和转态译法 (23) 笫十一章断句合句译法 (25) 笫十二章长句的翻译 (27) 第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29) 第十五章风格与翻译 (30) 第十六章语用与翻译 (32)

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 第一节翻译中的选义 一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语,注意词语的不同搭配 1. a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子,注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.

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