高级口译听力技巧全解析

高级口译听力技巧全解析

上海市高级口译笔试部分的听力测试共包括以下几道题：

第一题为Spot Dictation （听写填空），边听边填空，共有二十个空格，每格需要填2 至4 个词。相对于家熟悉的学英语四六级听力测试中的Compound Dictation （复合式填空），考生在中高级口译笔试部分的听力测试中的文章只会朗读一次，所以难度相对较高。

第二题为Listening Comprehension （听力理解），其中共有两道小题，第一小题为Statements （陈述），考查考生的同意置换能力，即听完一句20 字左右的句子，在12 秒内找出4 个选项中意思最相近的。另一小题为Talks & Conversation （选择），即听完段落或对话后进行4 道题的选择，5 篇文章共20 题。

第三题为Note-Taking and Gap-Filling，后文当中会给出详解。

最后一道题为Listening Translation （听译），当中包含5 句Sentence Translation （句子听译）及2 段Passage Translation （段落听译），听完后考生一段时间作答。其中句子听译时间间隔为50 秒，段落听译时间间隔为150 至200 秒。

1. Spot Dictation （30%）

1.1 评分标准

1）拼写错误，但不影响理解的，如：intrest。不扣分

2）每空格写对其中一半词的，给1分。

1.2 注意事项

做Spot Dictation要放弃两种期望：我可以听懂这篇文章的意思，我可以写全大部分的单词。事实上考试中肯定做不到听懂文章意思，也没有必要，只需要在给定的格子里写下词组即可，而写全单词应该是听完后把答案抄到答题纸上时顺便完成的，那个时候短期记忆应该还没有完全消退，加上自己熟悉的书写习惯，再加“考试只需要60％”的心理暗示，过关是完全现实的。要做好漏听漏记的准备，通常比较优秀的学生这个部分也很难做到80％以上，有的题目，比如在四五秒钟内连续听到some very interesting research recently…different jobs or professional careers，失分是正常的，也是可以接受的，也许下面有的格子会简单到诸如in politics，而分值是相等的。

1.3 应试技巧

听前：预读（20秒）

抓住topic（首段高频词）

标记（2个空格之间小于8个单词的）

听时：不错易词，闪解每空，多用缩写，果断放弃，尾题先填

听后：检查（语法，抄写）

注意：千万不要利用其中给你的时间抄写，一定要利用这段时间看后面的题目

2.1 评分标准

每题1分，共20分

2.2 注意事项

当听到这个部分开始时，哪怕还没有誊写完spot dictation，也务必开始把注意力转移到选择题，能够浏览1－5的问题并预测内容最好，没有时间做到也不要紧，对话类的听力选择题难度不会很大，边听边看边选，哪怕是猜的答案，一旦选了，就往下看下一题，不要纠缠于这一分。

新闻听力，凡是考新闻导语的题目只需注意首句即可，听完马上作出选择，如果漏听了首句，边看选项边逐个剔除，或者索性相信第一感觉选个答案，休息几十秒准备下一题。对于考细节的题目，掌握“所听不一定所选”的原则，做好每一选项特征词记录。

2.3 应试技巧

Statements

同学们务必在听前先看选项，排除消极性的焦虑情绪，做到有备而听。选项中最重要的莫过于谓语部分，可作下划线加以突出，以便听完选择时避免重复阅读，这样一目了然，可以节省时间。而听的时候，在每个字上平均分配精力也是不可取的，句子的重心永远处于主从句（如虚拟、让步等）中的主句，以及并列句（如因果、转折等）中带有引导词（如but，yet，because，and thus 等）的半句。

Talks and Conversations

听前：上下相连，推测话题

听时：边听边选，标示差异

听完：确认问题，小心陷阱

读题技巧：若无交集，重点排除

前后矛盾，重点关注

提示技巧：长对话：关注前两回合

Talk：关注前三句话

数字题：数量、时间：先听到的先选，标示差异

态度题：比优劣，重头尾（没有中性的态度，只有supportive、positive、opposed、negative）是非题：特点选项长，各不相同

技巧：有always、never立刻排除

3．Note-Taking and Gap-Filling（20%）

这是高口听力下半场的第一个题目。考生回到座位上，首先是拿不到试卷和答题纸的，大家首先拿到的是一张空白的笔记纸，笔记纸大小在16K，比常用的A4纸小一些。笔记纸有一面是完全空白的，另一面有3行左右的文字，写的是NTGF这个题目的direction。

拿到笔记纸，先翻到完全空白的那一面，准备做笔记，如果空白面不够用，再用另一面。笔记纸发放完毕后，开始播放听力录音，中速的录音将持续6分钟之久，对体力和脑力都是巨大的挑战。这一阶段，要求一定要坚持到底，持续笔记，坚持到底就是胜利。

笔记的要领：首先，对于篇章，首先考虑记录的是框架，框架包含主话题，还有若干个分话题，这些在原文中一般是名词和名词词组，所以应该优先记录代表话题的名词和名词词组。

其次，第二级重要的内容是数字，数字是对于所有题型都十分重要的一个考点。当然，仅仅记录数字是不够的，需要把数字和数字的相关信息，也就是数字说明的内容一起记下来才行。因为记了很多数字，做gap-filling的时候不知道哪个空格应该对应哪个数字也是没有用的。

再次，应该特别注意记录并列的结构，主要是并列的名词和形容词。由于在快速语流中，要对连续出现的多个实词做笔记是有较大困难的，正是因为对笔记的要求高，难度大，因此考官愿意在并列的结构上考察大家。此外，如果原文中出现了对于某个难词或者概念的解释，请务必把这个难词或者概念记录下来，听难词或者概念，只需要在上下文中注意refer to, that is, which involves, we define…, another way of saying this is…以及the definition of …is就可以

了。最后如果还有时间剩下，再记录其他内容。

笔记结束后，有3分钟发放试卷和答题纸的时间。这个时间要仔细观察自己的笔记，把字迹不清楚的部分写清楚，把层次不清楚的部分标清楚。拿到试卷后，先按照自己的笔记解题，能写10个左右就挺好，然后再在笔记不管用后就按照英语的完型填空做题，充分调动上下文、背景知识、固定搭配的提示作用，再填个5～6个空格。除非该空格是数字或者很复杂的专有名词，实在不能落笔以外，其他空格还是大有可为的。最后注意检查，确保所填单词符合空格左右的语法要求(最后的检查步骤一定要有，免得明明记下了，却因为语法问题失分！)。

4. 听译

4.1 评分标准

Sentence Translation (15%)

1）每句句子3分；

2）内容基本正确，表达通顺，给3分；

3）内容基本正确，表达较通顺，给2-2.5分；

4）尚能表达一半内容的，给予1.5分；

5）关键信息错误不给分。

Passage Translation

1）每题共两段短文，每段7-8分；

2）语言表达占每段总分的40%，即2.5-3分；

3）内容占每段部分的60%，即4.5-5分；

4）内容错误不给分。

4.2 应试技巧

整个听译部分考察两点：笔记、脑记。如果笔记和脑记不能两全的话，脑记明显更为重要。其实无论你笔记记得有多好，只要做不到像速记员一样记下每一个字，就必须练习脑记。所谓脑记，就是边听边理解，正如钱钟书先生所说“Get the meaning, forget the words ”，即要“听其意而忘其形”。如果只记下个别单词，最后勉强连词成句，很难编成正确答案；而记下意的话，就算单词意思上有出入，扣分也不会很多。尤其是段落的听译，一段念完，中间根本没有喘气的机会。因此只能边听边理解，每句记下只字片语来提醒自己脑记的内容，到时尽量写全，自圆其说。

原则：

脑记为主，笔记为辅

少写多划（只写单字母或汉字）

少字多义

难点：

主题句：利用direction热身

逻辑关系：转折、让步、递进、因果

主语：如果同一主语，只需引线，无需重记

数量：数字+单位

列举：竖记

技巧：前半部分脑中翻中文，后半部分记入英语，先翻后部分

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