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汉英翻译技巧

汉英翻译技巧
汉英翻译技巧

汉英翻译技巧

第一节汉语无主语句的英译处理

一、祈使句对应为祈使句

e.g. 小心轻放。Handle with care.

量体裁衣,看菜吃饭。Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the dishes.

宁为鸡首,不为牛后。Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse.

二、采用英语的被动结构译出

采用英语被动结构翻译的汉语无主语句一般的情况:一是某些表示事物存在的无主语句;二是有些句子突出宾语部分,在翻译时可以不用补出主语而用原句中的宾语来充当主语。

e.g. 这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。

More apartments will be built here.

利用发电机,可以将机械能转变为电能。

The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator.

在合同中,详细地规定了双方必须履行的各种条件。

In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were laid down in detail.

没有爱心,就无法了解人生。

Life cannot be understood without much charity.

三、采用倒装语序

e. g. 地下埋藏着大量的金银。

Hidden underground is a wealth of gold and silver.

随着一声吼叫,忽的从树林里窜出一只老虎来。

Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.

山里住着个老和尚。

In the mountain lived on an old monk.

四、采用THERE BE 结构

例句:没有顺利,无所谓困难;没有困难,也无所谓顺利。

Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility.

剩下的时间不多了。

There is very little time left.

萝卜白菜,各有所爱。

There is no accounting for taste.

无水则无鱼。

Without water there would be no fish.

楼下有人想和你说话。

There is a man downstairs who wants to speak to you. \you are wanted downstairs.

五、采用IT 作主语译出

例句:要解决问题,还必须做系统、周密的调查工作和研究工作。

In order to solve the problem it is necessary to make a systematic and thorough investigation and study.

与自然作斗争,倍感快乐。

It is a great joy to battle against nature.

活到老学到老。

It is never too old to learn.

子曰:学而时习之,不亦说乎?有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎?

Confucius said, is it not a pleasure after all to practice in due time what one has learnt? Is it not a delight after all to have friends come from afar?

六、增添适当的代词或名词充当主语

例句:知彼知己,百战不殆。

If you know your enemy and yourself, you can fight a hundred battles without peril.

不入虎穴,焉得虎子。

If one does not enter the tiger’s den, how can he get a tiger’s cub.

六、因文制宜,区别对待

例句:未经审批机关批准,合同中不得规定禁止接受方在合同期满后继续使用技术的条款。

Unless approval has been obtained from the examining and approving organ, a contract shall not include provisions prohibiting the recipient from continuing to use the technology after the expiry of the contract term.

由于英语被接受为联合国的官方语言之一,这就使英语在国际外交场合使用得更为广泛了。

The use of English in international diplomacy is strengthened by its acceptance as one of the official languages of the U.N.

说明白了一切,就再无奥妙可言了。

It will leave nothing in obscurity; everything is seen.

Exercises:

1.要适可而止,否则就要完蛋。

2.不远处传来了提琴的声音,调子哀伤。

3.在游廊的最左端,靠近一道门,坐着一位将近30岁的男子。

4.他的书桌上放着带有细菌的小碟子。

5.总之,是两点而不是一点。

6.花瓶里没有水了。

7.要

8.很容易看得出来那作家是一位生手,刚从事写作。

9.不怕一万,就怕万一。

10.还看不出来他能挑得起这副担子。

11.去年

12.必须认真做好建厂前的准备工作。

13.应该教导儿童讲实话。

14.必须保证8小时的睡眠。

15.发现了错误,一定要改正。

第二节、汉语“是”字句的英译处理

一、表示“等同”

例句:他最佩服的就是你。

Of all the people, you are the one he admires most.

二、表示“类属”

例句:这台机器是进口的。

The machine was imported from abroad.

他是来找你的。

He is here to see you.

三、表示“事物状态”

例句:要是旧社会,遇上这样大的水灾,早已是哀鸿遍野了。

If a flood of such magnitude had hit the land in the old days, the stricken area would have been a scene of desolation and despair.

你现在是身不由己,只能听他的。

You have to listen to him whether you like it or not.

四、表示“存在”

例句:她满脸是泪,默不作声。

She was soundless and her cheeks were bathed in tears.

别看他长得胖,其实浑身是病。

Despite his stout build, he suffers from all sorts of diseases.

五、在两个类似结构中表示“区别”,转换为英语相对的对比结构。例句:他是他,我是我,我们谁也管不着谁。

We have our own wills, he and I, neither is the other’s master.

昨天是昨天,今天是今天,情况是不断变化的。

Events are moving very fast; what was true yesterday may not be so today.

这个人言行不一,说是说,做是做。

This man’s deeds do not match his words; he never practices what he preaches.

敌是敌,友是友,必须分清界限。

A friend is a friend, a foe is a foe; one must be clearly distinguished from the other.

六、表示“让步”,用适当的副词或者让步句型来体现。

例句:书是好书,可惜贵了点。

It is true that this is a good book, but it’s a bit too expensive.

他的本意是好的,只是措辞不当。

He meant well, but he didn’t put across his ideas properly.

你就是有天大的本事,恐怕也施展不开。

However capable you are, you probably can do nothing in this circumstance.

这房子老是老,但离商店近,采购方便。

Indeed, the house is old, but as it is close to the stores, it is convenient for shopping.

六、表示“强调”,一般转换为强调句式

例句:是谁教你这样做的?

Who told you to do so?

是这位解放军战士救了你。

It was this PLA man who saved you.

我写的信是给她的,不是你。

It was to her that I wrote a letter, not to you.

七、表示“凡是”,由英语习惯句型决定。

例句:是人都会犯错误。

Every man is liable to error. / No one is free from error.

是孩子他都喜欢。

He loves all children.

正如一句话所说,是亲三分像。

As an old saying goes, blood is thicker than water.

是重活他都抢着干。

Whenever there is a tough job, he is always the first to do it.

八、表示“恰当”

例句:屋里的家具放得都不是地方。

The furniture in the room is arranged exactly where it should not be.

你来得正是时候。

You have come just in the nick of time. / You can’t have come at a better come.

她穿的裙子很是漂亮。

The dress looks very beautiful on her.

九、表示“选择”或“疑问”

例句:你是看电视还是听音乐?

他不是出国了么?

十、表示“确认”,有强调的意思,一般通过助动词、副词或短语来体现。例句:她爸爸是不同意她和汤姆来往的。

Her father does disapprove of her having anything to do with TOM.

这件事他是不知道。

He certainly doesn’t know this.

这孩子是可爱。

The child is lovely indeed.

我不是不懂,只是不想说。

It is not that I didn’t understand, but that I didn’t want to say anything. 十一、表示“特征”,一般直译。

例句:马克思主义的基本原理是普遍适用的。

The fundamental tenets of Marxism are universally applicable.

本领高强的人,往往是谦虚好学的。

Men of capability are often modest and show a desire to learn.

作战时他总是身先士卒,故能所向披靡。

He was always at the head of his men in battle, and so his army was invincible.

练习题

1、我们是坐船去武汉的。

2、玩弄她的感情是卑鄙的。

3、这个故事好是好,就是长了点。

4、这场火灾是他们不小心而引起的。

5、满屋都是烟,连他衣服上都是烟味。

6、他开办这家工厂完全是白手起家的。

7、这本书我是有的,可是我一下找不到。

8、这原来是破旧、窄小的一条旧街。

9、这人真讨厌,总是死皮赖脸的缠着人家。

10、既然要搞掉他,罗织罪名还不是易如反掌。

11、今天开这个会啊,是想听听各方面的意见。

12、不管怎么样,我是决意要完成这项任务的。

Keys:

1.We went to wuhan by chartered boat.

2.It was mean of him to play with her/affections.

3.It is a good story all right, but a bit too long.

4.The fire resulted from their carelessness.

5.Smoke filled the room; even his clothes smelled of smoke.

6.He built up his factory literally from nothing.

7.I have the book somewhere but I cannot lay my hands on it now.

8.This place was originally a narrow, shabby street.

9.The man is quite a nuisance; he keeps pestering/bothering

others/me shamelessly.

10.Now that they have decided to get rid of him, charges can easily

be framed.

11.Look!We are holding this meeting today to make sure that

different opinions are put forward freely.

12.I mean to accomplish the task, come what may happen.

汉语习语的英译处理

习语是人们在语言发展过程中,经过长期的社会实践提炼出来的短语或者短句,是语言的精华。

从广义上讲,汉语习语包括成语、谚语、俗语、歇后语等。具体特点表现在:1、习语本身是修辞手段的集中体现,如谐音等来增加美感,如“嘴上没毛,办事不牢”,“吃得苦,耐得烦;不怕死,霸得蛮”;英语中的“by hook or by crook”, as red as a rose。2、习语是语言中独立、不规则而固定的因素。如“露出马脚”不能说成“露出猪脚”,“雪中送炭”不能说成“雪中送煤”。

基于上述特点,翻译过程中必须注意:

1、尽量保存原文的民族特色和风格,在可能的情况下以直译为

主。

2、不能把习语当做普通语句处理,注意修辞美感。

一、汉语习语英译的常用方法

1、英语同义句借用法

A: 借用意义和形象相同或相似的

B: 借用意义相同但形象不同的

例如:

A:

随大流,swim with the tide

以牙还牙 a tooth for a tooth

隔墙有耳walls have ears

一文不名without a penny to one’s name 绞尽脑汁to rack one’s brain

针锋相对give tit for tat

时时刻刻every now and then

千钧一发hung by a thread

浑水摸鱼to fish in troubled water

如坐针毡 a bed of thorns

谋事在人,成事在天

Man proposes, God disposes

星星之火可以燎原

Little chips light great fire.

一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳

Once bit, twice shy.

空中楼阁、君子协定、事实胜于雄辩、有其父必有其子、B:

半斤八两six of one and half a dozen of the other

无足轻重of no account

锦囊妙计ace in the hole/sleeve

非公莫入no admittance

徒劳无益hold a candle to the sun

茫然若失be all adrift

水中捞月fish in the air

乳臭未干the smell of the baby

寿终正寝die in the bed

一丘之貉birds of a feather(flock together)

2、直译法

蓬头垢面with disheveled hair and dirty face

求同存异see common ground while reserving differences

扑朔迷离complicated and confusing

朴实无华simple and unadorned

能者多劳the abler a man, the busier he gets.

自力更生regeneration through one’s own efforts

顺水推舟push the boat with current

欺软怕硬bully the weak and fear the strong

半途而废give up halfway

口蜜腹剑with honey on one’s lips and murder in one’s heart.

有钱能使鬼推磨

If you have money you can even make the devil turn your mill(serve for you).

十年树木百年树人

It takes ten years to grow trees but a hundred years to rear/cultivate people.

路遥知马力,日久见人心。

A long road tests a horse’s strength, while a long time proves one’s heart.

天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福

Storms gather without warning in nature, while bad luck befalls men overnight.

3、意译法

畏首畏尾over-cautious

不到黄河不死心

Not stop until one reaches one’s goal

独木不成林

One person cannot accomplish much.

4、节译法

汉语习语中有些是对偶词组,往往前后两对含义相同

无影无踪vanish without a trace

长吁短叹sigh deeply

千真万确be quite true

一朝一夕overnight

根深蒂固deep-rooted

不屈不挠unswerving

自给自足self-sufficient

经久耐用durable

同心同德with one mind

清规戒律taboos (regulations)

油头粉面high-painted

惊心动魄soul-stirring

5、直译加注法

东施效颦Dongshi, an ugly woman, knitting her eyebrow in imitation of the famous beauty Xi Shi only to make herself uglier—blindly copying others and making oneself look foolish.

二、汉语习语中数词的英译

1、直译法

千金难买一笑

A thousand pieces of gold can hardly purchase a smile.

一寸光阴一寸金

An inch of time is an inch of gold.

一着不慎满盘皆输

One careless move loses the whole game.

百花齐放,百家争鸣

Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend.

听君一席话,胜读十年书

One evening’s conversation with a gentleman is worth more than ten-year study.

2、保留部分数字

杀一儆百punish one as an example to others

三心二意two-minded

两面三刀double-faced and tricky

十拿九稳ninety percent sure

3、省略法(当数字是虚指时)

昙花一现be a flash in the pan

一干二净neat and tidy;

不三不四dubious;inappropriate

百无聊赖to be overcome with boredom

白问不厌to serve patiently and tirelessly

三言两语 a few words

五谷丰登、五光十色、五湖四海、十万火急、才高八斗、千秋万代(throughout the ages)

书本内容基本集中于课堂讲义和最后的习语翻译,其他属于综合的、课外知识。

考试细则:

这学期的翻译考察定于下周四下午,估计要调整到2点开始(原定6-7节)。题型:1、连线题,0.5*10=5分。2、选择题(中英互译,最佳答案1个)1*20=20分。3、翻译技巧题,2*15=30分。4、习语翻译,

1.5*10=15分。5、篇章翻译题2段,15*2=30分。

听力答案

Listening and Translation

Unit9

1.Supermarkets are big stores that provide a wide choice of foods and other products.超市是那些能够提供大量可供选择的食品和其他商品的大型商场。

2. Since 2000, Americans have bought more organic food from supermarkets than from any other kind of store.自从2000年以来,美国人

从超市里购买的有机食品比从其它类型的商场里购买的要多。

3. In the United States, traditional supermarkets are facing competition from even bigger stores.在美国,传统的超市正面临着来自更大的商场的竞争。

4. They are also facing competition from stores with more choices of fresh, natural foods.他们还面临着来自那些能提供更多新鲜、自然的食品品种的商店的竞争。

5. New competitors are winning business because they are even larger than supermarkets and they have lower prices. 新的竞争对手正在经营中取胜,因为他们比超市更大、价格更便宜。

Exercise 3

1. The passage cites two examples in the animal world about how an infant develops the bond of attachment with its mother. What are they?

One is that young ducklings follow their mother, the other is that young apes cling to their mother.

2. What do an infant’s body movements indicate when the infant is smiling at full intensity?

It seems to show us a struggle on the infant’s part to make contact with the mother, which is probably all that remains of the ancestral primate clinging response.

Unit Eleven

1. The National Assessment of Adult Literacy is the most important test of how well adult Americans can read.

“国家成人读写能力评估“是检测美国成年人阅读能力的一项主要测试。

2. Those who took park were tested on how well they could read and understand information used in everyday life.

该测试检测的是参加者阅读和理解日常生活信息的能力。

3. The study found that 11 million adults, or five percent, cannot read English.

这项调查发现有1,100万,即百分之五的成人看不懂英语。

4. Researchers say part of the problem is that many young Americans do not read as much for pleasure anymore.

研究人员说,问题的部分原因在于很多美国年轻人作为消遣所进行的阅读已经不太多了。

5. The best readers were found to earn up to 28,000 dollars a year more than those who lacked simple reading skills.

人们发现阅读水平高的人比那些不具备基本阅读能力的人的年收入多28,000美元。

Exercise D

What is the writer’s advice on reading?

1. Combine reading with a thoughtful choice of

predetermined reading task, or a particularly wise choice of reading material, and set yourself a particular period in which to accomplish a reading task which you set yourself;

2. Set yourself really small and manageable reading tasks;

3. Invent possible topics for yourself to help structure your reading. Unit Twelve

1. First aid is the kind of medical care given to a victim of an accident or sudden injury before trained medical help can arrive.

急救是一种在专业医疗救护到达之前对意外伤害或事故的受害者所进行的医疗救护。

2. Knowing how to treat someone in an emergency can mean the difference between life and death.

知道如何在紧急情况下进行急救,可能就意味着一个人的生死。

3. A first aid method called cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, can save the victims of heart attacks, drowning or shock.

一种称为心肺复苏的急救法,简称CPR, 可以挽救心脏病溺水和休克病人的生命。

4. In the United States, CPR training includes the use of a protective cloth, or mask, over the mouth.

在美国,CPR训练包括使用防护布或面罩覆盖嘴巴。

5. This helps to prevent disease from spreading during mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

这有助于防止在做口对口复苏急救时传播疾病。

Unit Thirteen

1. Avian influenza, or “bird flu”, is a contagious disease of animals caused by viruses that normally infect only birds and, less commonly, pigs.

禽流感是一种由病毒引起的动物接触性传染病,通常只感染禽类,在少数情况下也会感染猪。

While all bird species are thought to be susceptible to infection, domestic poultry flocks are especially vulnerable to infections that can rapidly reach epidemic proportions.

尽管所有的鸟类都会受感染,但是家禽群体特别容易受感染,而且会迅速造成大规模暴发流行。

3. The current outbreak of bird flu is different from earlier ones in that officials have been unable to contain its spread.

目前爆发的禽流感与早些时期的禽流感不同,因为官方还无法控制它的传播。

4. Rapid elimination of the the H5N1 virus among infected birds and other animals is essential to preventing a major outbreak.

迅速杀灭受感染的禽类和其他动物体内的H5N1病毒对预防禽流感的大规模爆发极其重要。

5. The World Health Organization recommends that infected or exposed flocks of chickens and other birds be killed in order to help prevent further spread of the virus and reduce opportunities for human infection.

世界卫生组织建议扑杀所有受感染和有接触史的鸡群和其他禽类,以防治病毒的进一步传播和减少人类受感染的机会。

Exercise C

Exercise 3

1. What was the worldwide death toll when a 35-year-old man in Vietnam and a 19-year-old Indonesian woman died of H5N1?

The death toll was 64.

2. Why do some public health experts believe that H5N1 will soon show up in Africa?

Because many of Europe’s and Asia’s migratory birds, natural carriers of the virus, go to the continent in the winter.

3. How much did the world health leaders at the global summit at the

WHO in Geneva promise to offer to deal with the present situation?

They promised to offer 1.5 billion dollars over three years to deal with the disease.

4. What makes the experts feel anxious if H5N1 spreads to humans?

They are worried that there won’t be enough antiviral drug Tamiflu. 5. How many doses of Tamiflu will be made a year by 2007?

300 million doses will be made a year by 2007.

6. What does the company Roche suggest to do if there is a pandemic?

The company Roche says that it wants to work with firms to ensure that patent laws do not get in the way if there is a pandemic.

Unit Fourteen

1. Unlike most Western governments such as Canada or Germany, the US government does not guarantee publicly-funded health care to its citizens.

和其他西方国家,如加拿大、德国的政府不同,美国政府不向其国民提供有公共财政支出的医疗保障。

2. Citizens are required to acquire health insurance, typically thousands of dollars per year per capita.

公民必须购买健康保险,每年人均花费需要几千美元。

3. If a citizen lacks such a policy, then he must either pay for treatment, or typically be treated at another, cheaper, or sometimes third-rate hospital, or the county hospital.

如果一个公民没有这种保险的话,那他必须要么支付医疗费用,要么到别的价格低廉的有时是三等医疗机构或县医院进行治疗。4. Various government programs for state aid exist to cover some emergency or more long-term care.

各种州政府援助计划可以涵盖一些急诊或长期治疗的费用。

5. Medical bills are overwhelmingly the most common reason for personal bankruptcy in the United States.

在美国,医疗费用是造成个人破产的最常见的原因。

Unit Fifteen

How to Keep a Positive Attitude?

Key Examples of Positive Affirmation to Help You

1.I will think of myself as Successful!

2.I will have positive expectations for everything I do!

3.I will remind myself of past successes!

4.I will not dwell on failures, I just will not repeat them!

5.I will surround myself with positive people and ideas!

6.I will keep trying until I achieve the results I want!

1. The Culture of Europe might better be described as a series of overlapping cultures of Europe.

欧洲文化也许更应该描述为欧洲一系列相互重叠的文化。

2. Europe has been a cradle for many cultural innovations and movements that have consequently been spread across the globe.

欧洲一直是许多后来传播到世界各地的文化创新和文化运动的发祥地。

3. One of the major problems in defining the European culture is, where does Europe start and where does it end?

对欧洲文化进行界定的主要问题之一是:欧洲始于何处,又止于何处?4. Most countries share common historical experiences, but several important fault lines appear.

英汉翻译技巧

《英汉翻译技巧》教学大纲 一、课程的性质、目的、任务和基本要求 1、性质:本课程为专业必修课程,是英语专业一门重要的专业技能课,授课对象为英语专业本科三年级学生。 2、目的:通过本课程学习,使学生掌握必要翻译知识与翻译技巧,培养学生翻译实践能力,并提升其英语 语言运用意识,为后续课程及实践教学环节打下必要基础。 3、任务:(1)使学生深入理解翻译并了解国内外翻译研究动态。 (2)使学生掌握基本翻译技巧并能在翻译过程中加以运用。 (3)培养学生翻译实践能力。 (4)培养学生英语语言运用意识,强调书本知识与实践的结合。 此外,在教学过程中还必须有意识地培养自学能力,分析问题和解决问题能力。 4、基本要求:翻译方法和技巧训练阶段的基本要求: (1)词汇: 掌握10000-12000个词汇以及这些单词构成的常用词组;正确而熟练地使用其中5000-6000个词汇及最常用的搭配,能够运用到汉英互译中。 (2)语法: 熟练地使用各种衔接手段,连贯地表达思想,侧重语法结构在翻译过程中的理解和应用。 (3)阅读能力: 能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评,理解文章大意,分辨事实与细节;能读懂有一定难度的历史传记及文学作品,理解其真实含义;能分析上述题材文章的思想观点,语篇结构,语言特点和修辞手法。(4)翻译能力: 能借词典将文字资料译成理解正确、表达准确、译文连贯通顺具一定修辞手段的规范语句,写译的速度达到每小时250-300词。 二、教学安排 《英汉翻译技巧》课程涉及到双语的各项能力,因此技能测试是检查教学效果和检查学生语言水平和应用能力的重要手段,在各个教学阶段结束时安排测验和考试。测验着眼于考核学生的应用和技能的发挥。平时安排阶段测验,期末安排考试。课程学时安排:每周4学时。 学期总学时17 x 2= 34;周学时 2 x 2 = 4。 成绩评定标准:平时成绩占30%(包括出勤、练习、小组作业、讨论发言,翻译实践);期末考试占70% 。 教学内容讲授学时 第一章翻译标准 1 第二章英汉语言对比 2 第三章直译与意译 1 第四章英汉翻译中词义的选择 2 第五章汉翻译中词类的转换 2 第六章英汉翻译中增补、省略与重复技巧 4 第七章拆译与缩译 2

汉英翻译技巧

Chapter2翻译磨刀石 对等译法1,好教徒 a faithful Christian 2,好父母 a loving parent 3,好儿女an obedient child4,好妻子 a virtuous wife 5,好丈夫 a dutiful husband6,好学生 a hardworking student 7,大风strong wind8,大雾thick fog 9,大雨heavy rain 二,翻译 1,只有当双方谈话投机,希望继续交往时,才会主动掏出名片。Only when they find much in common and hope to keep in touch later on, will they offer their cards. 2,再例如,作为一个中国人,经书不可不读。我年过三十才知道读书自修的重要。Another example. The reading of Chinese classics is a must for all Chinese. Nevertheless,it was not until I was over 30 that I came to realize the importance of self- study in the matter of classics. ,寄语年轻朋友,千万要持之以恒的从事运动,这不是嬉戏,不是浪费时间。健康的身体是做人做事的真正本钱。Dear young friends, my advice to you is:Do physical exercises perseveringly. That has nothing to do with merry-making or time-wasting. Good health is the wherewithal for a successful life and career. 三,对等译法翻译 浑水摸鱼fish in troubled waters称心如意be after one's own heart 皮包骨头skin and bones 一触即发touch and go 一语道破hit the nail on the head出人头地be head and shoulders above others 充耳不闻turn a deaf ear to破釜沉舟burn one's boat 视而不见turn a blind eye to大海捞针look for a needle in a bundle of hay 四,对等译法翻译 熟能生巧Practice makes perfect.欲速则不达More haste, less speed 出门一里,不如家里East or west, home is best 拉入篮里就是菜All in fish that comes to the net 皇天不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits 小巫见大巫The moon is not seen when the sun shines 三思而后行Look before you leap 无风不起浪There is no smoke without fire 増词译法 一, 就是小孩也能回答这个问题。Even a child can answer this question. 这是我们团的团长。This is a head of our delegation. 他把报纸搁在一边,打开无线电。He put the paper aside and turned on the radio. 中国人民勤劳勇敢。The Chinese people are industrious and brave. 我们应当相信群众。We must have faith in the masses. 指南针是中国发明的。The compass was invented in China. 月亮绕着地球转。The moon moves around the earth. 二, 请把练习本交上来。Hand in your exercise-books, please. 我不能用英语表达思想。I can't express myself in English.

《英汉翻译课程教学大纲》

英汉翻译课程教学大纲 一、课程的目的和任务 《英汉翻译教程》和《汉英翻译教程》的教学目的和任务是,从英译汉和汉译英的一般规律和原则出发,围绕翻译的基本理论、英汉异同的对比以及翻译实践中成功或失败的实例,介绍汉英两种语言的对比与分析、各类文体的语言特点以及不同翻译方法,向学生传授基本的翻译理论和常用方法、技巧,通过反复实践培养学生汉英翻译基本技能。通过学习,学生能够熟练地运用已掌握的英语基本语法和词汇等知识,忠实、准确、通顺、完整地将汉语句子、段落和短文译成英语,并对文化差异有着较强的敏感性,能够较好地处理英汉互译中具有民族特色的形象、比喻等,胜任一般性的政治、经济、文化、科技、应用文等的翻译工作。同时,还要注重培养学生严谨的学风,避免不求甚解、逐词死译和望文生义。 适当补充口译实践,训练学生在政治、经济、文化等方面的能力,并提高学生的政策水平和涉外工作能力。 二、课程的基本要求 《英汉翻译教程》和《汉英翻译教程》课程的教学分为翻译方法和技巧训练阶段和短文翻译两个阶段,其分别要求是: 1、翻译方法和技巧训练阶段的基本要求: (1)、词汇: 掌握10000-12000 个词汇以及这些单词构成的常用词组;正确而熟练地使用其中5000-6000 个词 汇及最常用的搭配,能够运用到汉英互译中。 (2)语法: 熟练地使用各种衔接手段,连贯地表达思想,侧重语法结构在翻译过程中的理解和应用。 (3)阅读能力: 能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论和书评,理解文章大意,分辨事实与细节;能读懂有一定难度的 历史传记及文学作品,理解其真实含义;能分析上述题材文章的思想观点,语篇结构,语言特点和修辞手法。 (4)翻译能力: 能借词典将文字资料译成理解正确、表达准确、译文连贯通顺具一定修辞手段的规范语句,写译的速度达到每小时250-300 词。 2. 短文翻译阶段的基本要求: (1)词汇 1

汉英翻译技巧

汉英翻译技巧 第一节汉语无主语句的英译处理 一、祈使句对应为祈使句 e.g. 小心轻放。Handle with care. 量体裁衣,看菜吃饭。Fit the dress to the figure and fit the appetite to the dishes. 宁为鸡首,不为牛后。Better be the head of an ass than the tail of a horse. 二、采用英语的被动结构译出 采用英语被动结构翻译的汉语无主语句一般的情况:一是某些表示事物存在的无主语句;二是有些句子突出宾语部分,在翻译时可以不用补出主

语而用原句中的宾语来充当主语。e.g. 这儿将修建更多的居民大楼。More apartments will be built here. 利用发电机,可以将机械能转变为电能。 The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator. 在合同中,详细地规定了双方必须履行的各种条件。 In the contract, all kinds of conditions which both sides should follow were laid down in detail. 没有爱心,就无法了解人生。 Life cannot be understood without much charity. 三、采用倒装语序

e. g. 地下埋藏着大量的金银。Hidden underground is a wealth of gold and silver. 随着一声吼叫,忽的从树林里窜出一只老虎来。 Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes. 山里住着个老和尚。 In the mountain lived on an old monk. 四、采用THERE BE 结构 例句:没有顺利,无所谓困难;没有困难,也无所谓顺利。 Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility. 剩下的时间不多了。

汉译英的几种翻译技巧

汉译英的几种常用技巧(一)常用的翻译技巧1. 增译2. 减译(省译)3. 重复 4. 转译 5. 语序(词序/句序)调整(倒置) 6. 拆句与合并7. 正说反译, 反说正译8. 语态变换 1.增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达 方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。 这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。 英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思完整。 总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。 1. I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到

2.Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 3.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。 4.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 5. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 6. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 7. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 8. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 9. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。

英汉互译技巧

韩刚B2A“译点通”笔译独家秘笈之:汉译英十大技巧 一、中文结构“三步走”。主要是指涉及政府外宣类题材的句子结构划分技巧。所谓“三步走”,具体是指:中文长句中,第一步给出理念、指导方针或原则,第二步具体阐述在这种方针原则的指导下都做了什么或者要做什么,第三步给出结果或者要实现的目标。在具体行文时,可以按照“每一步”信息的多少进行“逐步”切句或者灵活整合。有了“三步走”原则,长句一点儿都不可怕!这一汉英句式逻辑分析技巧在实操训练中非常实用也极易掌握!详见各循环相关实例分析。 二、“孰轻孰重”要分明。主要是指中英句子结构差异:中文结构“前轻后重”,中文结构事实、背景在前,表态、判断、结论在后,英文恰恰相反,是“前重后轻”。结构差异了然于胸,“表态判断为主,事实背景为从”,在翻译时有了这样一个主从句框架搭建原则,逻辑一目了然,译文自然“行云流水”!详见各循环相关实例分析。 三、结构搭建“三剑客”。主要是指汉译英时结构搭建常用的三个功能词或形式,即as, ing, with。译文结构好不好,它们说了算!可以不夸张地说,谁尽早熟练掌握了这三个功能词或形式,谁就能尽早步入汉英翻译的殿堂!详见各循环相关实例分析。 四、同义重复“并译”行。主要是指中文具有前后呼应、信息重叠的特点,经常使用四字甚至八字表达同一意思,英译时必须压缩合并减译,提取核心意思,力求简洁、流畅,如:骄傲与自豪,千山万水,你中有我、我中有你,等等。中文还有一个典型特点,即“双动词现象”,如:调整和优化,提高和加强,保障和改善民生,加强和完善。以“调整和优化”为例,这两个词在具体上下文中往往属于同义动词,调整的目的就是优化,而优化就是一种调整,直接取同义翻译即可。详见各循环相关实例分析。 五、“千变万化”增张力。主要是指中英翻译要“千变万化”,“同义发散”,选取不同角度对同一内容进行诠释,使用同义词进行替换等等,以此来凸显英文语言的多变性。这与平时大家学习英文写作的要求完全一致,即,同义词替换多多益善!要从写作的高度看翻译!详见各循环相关实例分析。 六、具体、概括“不相容”。主要是指汉英翻译的原则之一“舍宏观概括、取微观具体”。中文里往往会在具体信息后添加概括信息,如:“以人为本”的理念、“先到先得”的韩刚B2A“译点通”: 90天攻克CATTI三级笔译6

汉英翻译技巧汇总

汉英翻译技巧汇总 Title: 汉英翻译技巧:合并(Combination) Key words: combination, simple sentence, compound sentence, C-E translation Abstract: It discusses the technique of combination of simple and compound sentences. Compiler: 丁树德等 C-E (A) in terms of simple sentences (1)天气寒冷,河水都结冰了。It was so cold that the river froze. (丁树德,"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导",大学出版社,1996) (2)理论必须密切联系实际,这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. (丁树德,"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导",大学出版社,1996) (3)他在战斗中表现突出,受到连长的表扬。He was commended by the company commander for his distinguished performance in the battle. (丁树德,"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导",大学出版社,1996) (4)年满十八岁的公民,都有选举权和被选举权。All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election. (丁树德,"英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导",大学出版社,1996) (5)当时,友谊商店只对外宾开放,不对中宾开放。At the time the friendship store was exclusively open to foreign visitors.(王大伟,"现代汉英翻译技巧",世界图书出版公司,1999)(本科四年级以上) (B) in terms of compound sentences (6)她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪,这也不是没有道理的。She is justifiably proud of her achievements. ("现代汉英翻译技巧" 王大伟世界图书出版公司1999) (7)这家小工厂经过技术改造,发展很快,使人感到惊讶不已。This small factory underwent a technological renovation, thus developing with

英汉互译技巧

第五次课 I.应该没有考Change of voice 被动语态和主动语态的变化 Four situations when passive voice is used in English: 1.When the agent is not known or is not necessary to know 2.When emphasis is on the action or the object rather than on the agent 3.When the speaker is not willing to reveal the agent 4.When use of passive constructions can help link the sentence with its context 可以翻译成英语被动句的汉语句子包括(反之亦然): 1.有标志的汉语被动句:“受、挨、遭、遭受、被、得到、给、叫、让、由、为……所、加以、予以、等等” 2.无标志的汉语被动句:形式主动,意义被动 3.部分无主句可以翻译成英语被动句 4.一些习惯用语可以翻译成英语被动句或It句型:“有人、人们、大家”作主语;“据说、据报道、据推测、据估计、据信、可以肯定、必须指出、有人主张、众所周知 等等” 他粗心大意,应当受到批评。不用被批评 He should be criticized for his carelessness. 这个问题必须在适当的时候予以处理。不用被处理被动语态在翻译的时候尽量不用被字 The problem must be dealt with at an appropriate time. 代表将由民主协商选举产生。 The representatives will be elected after democratic consultation. 艾滋病病毒只能通过血液或其他体液传播。 The AIDS virus is only transmitted by blood and other body fluids. 血债要用血来还。 Blood debts will have to be paid in blood. 到现在为止还没有得出结论。 So far no conclusion has been arrived at. 为这事已经拨了大笔款项。 A large sum of money has been put aside for that purpose. 可以有把握地说,会议会如期举行。 It may be safely said that the meeting will be held on schedule. 人们发现橡胶是很好的绝缘体。 Rubber is found to be a good insulating material. 据说人在弥留之际都要回顾他的一生,就像看一部电影,一切都历历在目。 It is said a dying person tends to recollect his whole life, like seeing a film. II.不考Positive and Negative ways of expressing an idea Negation in translation: 正说反译/反说正译法。为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思,有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法,或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。

英语翻译技巧

英语翻译技巧 Company Document number:WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT

01英汉语言结构对比和翻译中的转换 形合与意合 定义及理论知识 1 英语是语法型语言,重语法结构:其语义通过形式表达出来。比如用 and 表示并列关系,用 if 表示条件关系,用 because 表示因果关系等。句子成分之间的逻辑关系靠关联词等显性连接。 汉语是语义型语言,通常汉语各分局之间的联系主要是通过逻辑纽带或语序之间接地表现出来,句子成分之间靠隐性连贯。 实例分析 2 ① Dear dear, think of me, if you won't think of yourself. When should I do when you die 哎呀!你就是不为自己着想,也得我我想想,你死了我怎么办呀 (译文中省略介词of和连词when、if) ②爹,你就是不为自己着想,也得为我想想,也得想到......俺娘。 Dad, think of me... and my mummy, if you won't think of yourself. (译文中增补介词of和连词if) ③ I may be wrong and you may be right, and by an effort, we may be nearer to be the truth. 也许我是错的,你是对的。我们做出努力,就会更接近真理。 (译文中省略了连词and) 举一反三 3 1. 听到这个消息,他满眼是泪。

2. 中国将努力促进国内粮食增长,在正常情况下,粮食自给率不低于95%。 02 英汉语言结构对比和翻译中的转换 形合转为意合 英译汉——形合转为意合 1 在英译汉时,要摆脱原文形合结构的束缚,尽可能采用意合方法,才能符合汉语的表达习惯,使译文流转自如,明白晓畅。 另外,英语中除了多用关联词外,还有其他连接手段,包括通过词的形态变化表示各种语法概念。 泰特勒(Alexander Fraser Tytler)对“好的翻译”所下的定义是:“原作的长处完全移注在另一语文里,似的译文文字所属的国家的人能明确地领悟,强烈地感受,正像用原作的语文的人们所领悟的,所感受的一样” 实例分析 2 ① Some delighted films made by the late Dr. Arnold Gesell of Yale University show little creatures who can barely talk investigating problems with all the zeal and excitement of explorers, making discoveries with the passion and absorption of dedicated scientists.(Gilbert Highet, The Pleasure of Learning ) 由已故的耶鲁大学阿诺德·盖塞尔博士拍摄的几部有趣的电影表明,还没学会说话的小家伙们竟以探险家般的热情和兴奋来探究问题,以热诚的科学家们那种激情和专注来进行研究发现。 (句中 made by 构成过去分词短语作定语,修饰 films,两个现在分词investigating 和 making 则与宾语 creature 一起构成复合宾语。汉语中的动词没有词形变化,因此在汉语中就不必分谓语动词和非谓语动词)

【翻译技巧】英汉翻译中的选词技巧

【翻译技巧】英汉翻译中的选词技巧 选词,即选义择词,贯穿于整个翻译的实际操作过程之中。这里的“词”指表达某一实体或整体性概念的单词、词组和短语。“选义”是由人类语言的一词多义现象决定的。任何一种发展完备的人类语言,其中的大部分词汇都是一词多义。 例如单词charge动词含义有两个,在科技英语的环境下是“充电”,而在日常生活中是“索取(费用)”。名词通常是指“电流”。该如何措辞则要看具体语境了。此外,英语中有一些名词,同时有两个形容词,比如名词sun,它的形容词可以是sunny,也可以是solar,这里就有个辨义和确定词义的问题。 另外,语言使用中还普遍存在着一义多词的现象,即同一意思对应不同的词语。现代英语中不仅有许多词汇是从古英语演变而来,还有约80%的词汇从外国输入,经过历史变迁,这些词汇并存和融合,使英语一词多义,一义多词的现象特别普遍。因此译者除了具有辨义这项本领外,还要具备“择词”这方面的技巧。 无论是“选义”,还是“择词”,都离不开具体的语境。英国翻译理论家纽马克说,没有词是完全孤立的(No word is an island entire to itself.),词的意义必然受到前后相邻词句的影响。 从词语与语境的关系看,有些词基本不受语境影响(context-free),如意义相对固定单一的专有名词、科技术语、数量词等;有些词则受语境制约(context-bound),如那些含有感情色彩、价值判断且意义极为丰富的普通名词、形容词、动词、副词等。对于这些词语,先利用各种手段确定其意,然后恰当措辞表达。下面介绍两种确定词义的方法。 一、根据上下文和汉语习惯搭配来确定词义 理解原文是整个翻译过程的第一步。这是最关键、也是最容易出问题的一步。以下我们通过翻译实例来具体讲解在理解原文的前提下如何根据上下文确定词义: A.意群拆分确定词义: “In short”, a leader of the new school contends,“the scientific revolution,as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerabl e directions.” 本句可以分四个意群来确定词义: 第一个意群:in short 简言之 school 学派 contend 坚持认为,争辩,讨论 第二个意群:the scientific revolution 科学革命(不可译为“科技革命”)as we

汉英翻译技巧.

汉英翻译技巧 汉英翻译技巧1:合并(Combination (1 天气寒冷,河水都结冰了。 It was so cold that the river froze. (2 理论必须密切联系实际,这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。 That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind. (3 他在战斗中表现突出,受到连长的表扬。 He was commended by the company commander for his distinguished performance in the battle. (4 年满十八岁的公民,都有选举权和被选举权。 All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election. (5 当时,友谊商店只对外宾开放,不对中宾开放。 At the time the friendship store was exclusively open to foreign visitors. (6 她对自己所取得的成就充满了自豪,这也不是没有道理的。She is justifiably proud of her achievements. (7 这家小工厂经过技术改造,发展很快,使人感到惊讶不已。This small factory underwent a technological renovation, thus developing with surprising speed. (8 只要看一眼这封信,你就会明白你上当了。

汉英翻译技巧增词

C-E 汉英翻译技巧:增词(Amplification ) 三个臭皮匠,胜过诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind. (增加背景知识)(丁树德:《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》,天津大学出版社) 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. (增连词)(靳梅琳:《英汉翻译概要》,南开大学出版社) 要提倡顾全大局。 We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration. (许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社) 结婚大办酒席,实在可以免去了。 The practice of giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with. (增回概括性词)(丁树德:《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》,天津大学出版社) 这个小男孩饭前都洗手,然后用餐巾纸擦干。 This little boy always washes his hands before meals and then dries them with napkins. (增物主代词,连词和宾语)(冯庆华:《实用翻译教程》,上海外语教育出版社) 老虎和猫同科。 The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of animals. (增冠词)(林佩汀:《中英对译技巧》,世界图书出版公司) 我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。 I don’t think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English. (增形式主词it)(林佩汀:《中英对译技巧》,世界图书出版公司) 该地区已没什么城乡差别。 There is little difference between town and country in this region. (许建平:《英汉互译实践与技巧》,清华大学出版社) 请报水果罐头的最低价。 You are kindly requested to let us have your best quotation for the canned fruits. (王恩冕、李正中:《大学英汉翻译教程》,对外经济贸易大学出版社) 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。 If one does not enter the tiger’s den, how can he get a tiger’s cub? (增主语,表条件的连词)(丁树德:《英汉汉英翻译教学综合指导》,天津大学出版社)

英语翻译技巧实例

英语翻译技巧 5.拆句法和合并法: 这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个较短、较简单的句子,通常用于英译汉;合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句,一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合,结构较松散,因此简单句较多;英语强调形合,结构较严密,因此长句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句;而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续成分与主体的连接处,以及意群结束处将长句切断,译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序,顺译全句,顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如: (1) Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States. 同中国加强合作,符合美国的利益。(在主谓连接处拆译) (2)I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitalityfor which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. 我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。(在定语从句前拆译) 6.倒置法: 在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或

进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如: (1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world. 此时此刻,通过现代通信手段的奇迹,看到和听到我们讲话的人比整个世界历史上任何其他这样的场合都要多。(部分倒置) (2)I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community. 我坚信,英国依然应该是欧共体中的一个积极的和充满活力的成员,这是符合我国人民利益的。(部分倒置) (3)改革开放以来,中国发生了巨大的变化。 Great changes have taken place in China since the introduction of the reform and opening policy.(全部倒置) 7.倒置法: 在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉, 即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。如: (1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.

英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧

英汉翻译的基本方法和技巧 翻译是信息交流过程中极其复杂的社会心理现象。语言知识是翻译的基础。此外,翻译还涉及到推理、判断、分析和综合等复杂的心理认识过程。翻译的方法和技巧是翻译工作者在长期的实践中根据两种语言的特点总结归纳出来的一般规律。这些规律可以指导我们的翻译实践,使我们能更自觉、更灵活地处理翻译过程中所遇到的各种语言现象。下面就英译汉中的一些方法和技巧结合翻译实例作一概述。 1. 词义的选择 一词多义和一词多类是英汉两种语言都有的一种语言现象。因此,在平日的翻译练习和测试中,我们在弄清原文句子结构后,务必注意选择和确定句中关键词的词类和词义,以保证译文的质量。通常可从以下三个方面来考虑词义选择: 1)根据词在句中的词类来选择词义 例如:Censorship is for the good of society as a whole. Like the law, it contributes to the common good. [译文]:审查是为了整个社会的利益。它像法律一样维护公众利益。 [注释]:本句中like作介词,意为"像……一样"。但like作动词用,则意为"喜欢;想要"。例如:He likes films with happy endings. (他喜欢结局好的电影。)又如:Would you like to leave a message? (你要不要留个话儿?)此外,like还可以作形容词用,意为"相同的",如:Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.(电荷同性相斥,异性相吸。) 2)根据上下文和词在句中的搭配关系选择词义 例1 According to the new s chool of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge. [译文]:新学派的科学家们认为,技术在扩大科学知识范围过程中是一种被忽视的力量。 [注释]:school一词常被误译为"学校",其实,school还有一个词义"学派"。可见,正确选择词义对译文质量有重要影响,而文章的上下文和逻辑联系是翻译中选择词义的重要依据。 例2 Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a "valid" or "fair" comparison. [译文]:既然对智力的评估是比较而言的,那么我们必须确保,在对我们的对象进行比较时,我们所使用的尺度要能提供"有效的"和"公平的"比较。 [注释]:许多人把scale译为"范围",和文章的语篇意思和句子的确切含义大相径庭。

汉英翻译技巧未完待续

汉英翻译技巧 汉英翻译需要注意三点:术语翻译、句段翻译、翻译格式要求 第一步: 翻译前准备:操作步骤如下, Word工具选项视图 选中各种符号,包括制表符、隐藏文字等。要求显示空格、制表符、回车以及各种分隔符以及隐藏文字。 同时在“拼写和语法”中

选择键入时检查拼写。 同时,将电脑屏显设置成护眼模式,除了缓解视疲劳以外,更重要的是让我们看清文字的页面布局。如下所示: 如果出现白色背景,表示文件有独立的页面设置,这样的设置会影响其他文件的设置,所以 我们要将其清除。可以选择清除格式,然后将字体设置成所需格式。处理后应如图下图所示 第二步:术语翻译 1.术语的选择 我们所指的术语就是一些专业名词。首先我们要确定那些词是我们需要关注的术 语。 例如: 1. 本项目起点位于S105与合肥南环高速交叉的龙塘互通立交东1公里处,终点位于巢湖市S105(巢湖市长江东路)与半汤路平交口处,路线全长50.595833公里(其中左线长1.478259公里,右线长1.464262公里)。 翻译人员将”半汤路平”做为术语显然是不对的. 如果术语选择都出错的话,那么翻译肯定就是错的了. 关于术语的选择我们可以借助"百度",通过百度知道进行确

认,显然”半汤路”,是一条路名.这才是 我们要翻译的内容.在进行术语翻译前,对术语进行的分析也要借助百度,对术语进行理解,有的时候术语的行业术语的缩写有特定含义,我们要充分理解。从而判断术语之间的结构,这是术语准确的前提. 2.术语翻译 术语翻译步骤如下: A.通过金山词霸,根据所属领域,确定核心词的意思。例如,对称式路灯透镜, 首先确定核心词是透镜,在金山词霸中确定意思。 B.在google中搜索 ,发现无匹配词。 C.拆词:, 可以优先选择百度百科和各种论文中的词汇,当然如果有多种参考可以选择应用较多的词语,即高频词汇。如果拆分后仍然没有结果,就继续拆分,或者参考类似词语。词语拆分过程中,例如XXX式,XXX 型之类的词可以拆出,形容性质的词可以拆出。 3. 术语记忆。对于初入行者而言,记忆术语是比较困难的。所以经常会导致术语不一致的现象。对此,可以借助word的一些功能进行辅助。可以使用“术语【术语译文】”替换“术语”,例如:“对称式路灯透镜【symmetrical street lamp lens】”替换“对称式路灯透镜”,这样即出现了术语,节约了时间,又可以防止小术语将大术语拆分。最后可以通过通配符将符号去掉。

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