四川大学历年考博英语翻译题答案

2004 答案

1.英译汉

第一次世界大战和经济大萧条迫使人们不得不重新冷静地评价来势迅猛的技术大爆炸。一种思想派别——技术决定主义认为，现代社会再也不是19世纪及20世纪初期的工业年代了。他们说，后工业时代社会已经成为一种现实。先进电子技术所带来的复杂的社会技术网络已经使国家的政府机构，资本主义性质的公司和人口拥挤的城市失去原有的作用。

2.汉译英

Moon gazing is an ancient art.To prehistoric hunters their understanding of the moon overhead was a unerring as heartbeat.They knew that every29 days it became full-bellied and brilliant,then sickened and died,and then was the reborn. They knew that the waxing moon appeared larger and higher overhead after each succeeding sunset while the waning moon rose later each night until it vanished in the sunrise.

2003 答案

1.英译汉：

现在，城市化比以前任何时候都更有影响。它是世界性的，到处都可以感受到它的影响。联合国的统计数字表明，在约30年的时间里，全世界过半的人口将住在城市里。这是个具有深远意义的转变，也许是人类史的一个重要里程碑并将以现在无法想象的方式去影响着人类和大自然。

整个人类的定居史都与地形学和资源有着密切的联系。直到几个世纪之前，人类定居模式还是主要由农业、渔业、采矿业、水利和国防而定。城镇和村落相继发展成了商业和市场中心，服务于落后地区。在欧洲，从文艺复兴起，有钱人就在乡下修建了大型的住宅，然后往返于城乡之间。大多数这样的城市化发展到了一定的规模，这样的转变速度就能够要求它要与自然环境和谐相处。

2. 汉译英：

1.To realize the established layout and goals of economic and social development , China needs not only a domestic stability,but also an international peaceful setting, especially peaceful environment with surrounding countries.Peace and development are two big issues around the world and people everywhere hope to have a stable and peaceful environment to develop their economy and better their lives.

2.In these years,as Chinese economy develops fast,China has begun the practice of many practical and flexible new approaches to the foreign trade policy, open-door policy, and foreign trade system.According to the information issued by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of PRC, the total volume of China’s import and export is increasing.

3.Scientists are doing research on the relation of longevity and existence psychology and social aspects.Many factors that affect life are innate. But to our surprise,many factors can be changed by man. We have already learnt a very important way to benefit the health condition,namely, changing unhealthy mood into a sound one.

4.The involution of knowledge is irreversible,yet it is the duty for the society to point out what is improperly used.If possible,man should act now and make international restrictions to forbid any experiment of human-cloning in the world.

5.Astronauts must be very strong and healthy to sustain the great pressure they would feel during the launching and landing.When traveling in space or orbiting around the planet,the feeling

of weight caused by gravity no longer exist.This state is called weightlessness.

2003 答案

英译汉：

科学工作的魅力并不在于像工匠一样使用一件科学工具。体操运动员用训练有素的身体完成各种

高难度的动作，这很令人敬佩；而科学家用训练有素的头脑进行一系列复杂的分析和试验，毫无疑问

这同样令人敬佩。然而，科学努力的巨大魅力恰恰在于对新思想进行推理探索，以求扩大我们对世界的理解的视野。这种努力不同于优雅的、机灵的体操运动员所做出的努力。正相反，科学家在似乎毫无逻辑体系可言的思想和事实的丛林中跌跌撞撞地前进，并且往往伤痕累累而一无所获。探索充满了危险，其中包括另一个天才的竞争对手可能已达到了目标。虽然对于能力超群和雄心勃勃的竞争者来说，竞赛规则通常是公正无私的，但这并不能减少上述风险。尽管如此，更多地了解这种对新知识的探索是如何进行的，这本身就是一种对新知识的有价值的探索，因而不应当放弃。

汉译英：

1．Any attempt to obstruct the peaceful reunification of China is doomed to failure.（to fail.）Peaceful reunification of the two sides of the Taiwan Straits represents the unshakable will and determination of the entire Chinese people including our compatriots in Taiwan.

2．Good leaders are ambitious—not only for themselves,but also for those who work with them. They seek to attract, retain and develop other people to their full abilities.

1. Recycling the amount of waste generated by placing limits on packaging or restricting the use of disposable products should be at the top of every nation’s,community’s and individual’s list of environmentally wise“things to do”.

2. We stand for establishing a new international political and economic order that is fair and rational.Politically all countries should respect and consult one another and should not seek to impose their will on others.

3. Some economic analysts believe that the world supply of precious minerals has been understated or that new finds(for example,Mexican oil fields)will be enough to take care of U.S. energy needs.

2002答案

1．英译汉

通过向湖泊，河流，溪流及其他集水地投放石灰可以缓解酸雨所带来的损失。石灰可以缓解酸化的一些征兆，但并非真正的解决方法，对于许多湖泊和流动水体都不太现实，而且也不能解决问题的病根。在污染源降低到一个令人满意的水平之前，我们应该把它看作是一种临时性应付措施。永久性的解决办法就是首先要减少污染源。在保护水和森林方面的严格的控制所起到的作用以外，他们还将在防止腐蚀方面挽救数以百万计的美元的损失。

在热带的某些地区比较容易或很容易受到酸化的影响，这将会带来很麻烦的问题。我们需要了解这些问题的本质。在热带的干旱地区，由于降雨量稀少，酸雨本身也起不了什么大的作用，而干的沉积物的作用不祥。目前人们对温带的酸化进行了研究，而潮湿的地区，那里的生态系统，温度和湿度水平都和温带的不同，有可能产生很不相同的问题。

2．汉译英

1．During the Tenth Five-year Plan,we shall carry out in a better way the strategies of Winning by Quality,Market Diversification and Reinvigorating Trade by Science and Technology. At the same time,we shall transform the growth mode of foreign trade and economic cooperation.Unremitting efforts shall be made in restructuring China's foreign trade and economic cooperation which include the constant improvement of the commodity mix of import and export,the structure of trade methods, regional distribution and market composition.

2．I believe that more opportunities will be created for foreign businesspeople to participate in the development of western China following our WTO accession and greater space for development of themselves.In the meantime, the economic potential of the western regions could be tapped to a deeper degree.

3．To promote(fairness)equality,unity and progress of all nationalities in China,our Government has paid special attention to the training of minority women cadres,set up minority

schools and offered training courses for minority women cadres, so as to advance fast development

of the women cadres.

4. Sufficient efforts must be put into the research of natural science theories.Overlooking this would we neither master and apply the results of advanced science and technology,nor can we

solve the important problems we would face in our construction of our country.

4.Old and young cadres have their own merits and shortcomings respectively, therefore,they should learn from each other and respect each other. They should learn from other’s strong points

and offset one’s own weakness so as to improve the collective leadership and improve their efficiency.

2001答案

英译汉:

面对无意识的干扰和对浪漫的憧憬, 高中生很可能在思想上不知所措. 一般来说,他们比较害羞或

是怕难为情; 他们不够直率, 通常比较敏感但又不愿意承认. 他们或是受到可能与之能力不相称的远大

雄心所激励, 或是受控于害怕不能完成自己的目标而产生的出奇的懒惰.

从根本上看,他们希望能够忙碌起来有事情做,但是又不愿意承认这点. 他们通常是早期训练不够的受害者, 这使得每一份努力都变得更加困难. 他们愿意工作,但又不喜欢为达不到自己想要目标而工作.他们的鉴别能力开始得到提高, 而且对于他们的教员和所使用的教材进行批评. 他们开始感到了时间的压力; 虽然他们很少说出来, 却真正想得到咨询并有机会做自己的事情, 然而,他们是需要大量的指导的. 他们很少承认他们需要这样的指导而经常拒绝接受指导.但是,如果这样的指导是很巧妙的给予时,他们都非常乐意接受的.

汉译英:

1. Changan was not only the national center of politics, economy and culture,but it was also the largest international city in the East.

2. Though a language forms a part of a culture,it is a set of related symbols with importance; through these symbols a culture reveals and expresses its implied tradition and value concept.

3. The reason that China insists on independence and peace as its foreign policy is that it has suffered greatly the invasion of imperialism for about a century,therefore, it cherishes more the peaceful life that came hard, sympathizes other people that suffer and feels more willingly to

support those in the united effort to maintain world peace.

4. In America,like anywhere else in the world, clothing reflects one’s social class and income to certain extent,or in the youngsters group, it may show a young person’s attitude towards himself

and the society.

5. The foundation of nationality unity has been formed now,the premise of our national independence and freedom has also been settled and the country will celebrate for our bright future

of our nation.

1，

2，

3，

4，

人可靠。5，

6，

7，这位律师试图说服陪审团他的当事人是无辜的。

除阅读材料外，使用电影和录像会激发学生学习的兴趣。

自从20世纪80年代初以来，医学方面的科学家一直在努力寻找治疗艾滋病的方法。我们相信他所说的，因为他受过良好的教育，出生于受人尊敬的家庭，更重要的是他为

他在世界各地周游了三年，但不论走到哪儿，他都眷念着自己的祖国。

即使你是班上最好的学生之一，要保住成绩也得常常温习功课才行。

情况确实如此，有些人一生中很早就获得成功，而另一些人则要工作很长时间方能实现

自己的目标。

8，自动取款机的功能是，无论在银行营业时或是关门时都能让人们用一种特殊的卡从银行帐户取出钱。

9，11，12，13，有一个时候，每个人起码都认识几个邻居，可如今人们似乎太忙，无暇相互接触。医生往往为自己能够医治好病人罕见的疾病而自豪。

如果不按时将书归还图书馆或到期前不续借，就得按规定罚款。

总的说，很少有人不抱怨自己的工作的，然而一旦他们不能工作了他们又会不高兴

14，与宁静而和平的乡村生活相比，城市生活既闹且吵

15，我们学校鼓励学生独立思考，不要受老师观点的束缚。

16，工程师们依靠工人们的智慧，发明了一种新的生产方法，使工作效率得以提高。

17，一家人聚拢来讨论经济问题的时候，父亲一开头就说，每月存点钱是绝对必要的，遇到紧急情况我们可以依赖储蓄。

18，那位业余歌手在歌唱比赛中击败了众多职业歌手真是难以置信。

19，老师在评价一篇文章并给它打分时，他可能根据总的印象而不是细致的分析。

20，退休的人如果不找事情做，常会意志消沉。

2015年四川大学考博《英语》真题及详解

2015年四川大学考博《英语》真题 (总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟) 一、ⅠReadingComprehension 二、Passage1 Speechissofamiliarafeatureofdailylifethatwerarelypausetodefineit.Itseemsasnatural tomanaswalkingandonlylesssothanbreathing.Yetitneedsbutamoment'sreflectiontoconvinceus thatthisnaturalnessofspeechisbutanillusoryfeeling.Theprocessofacquiringspeechis,insob erfact,anutterlydifferentsortofthingfromtheprocessoflearningtowalk.Inthecaseofthelatt erfunction,culture,inotherwords,thetraditionalbodyofsocialusage,isnotseriouslybrought intoplay.Thechildisindividuallyequipped,bythecomplexsetoffactorsthatwetermbiologicalh eredity,tomakealltheneededmuscularandnervousadjustmentsthatresultinwalking.Indeed,the veryconformationofthesemusclesandoftheappropriatepartsofthenervoussystemmaybesaidtobe primarilyadaptedtothemovementsmadeinwalkingandinsimilaractivities.Inaveryrealsense,th enormalhumanbeingispredestinedtowalk,notbecausehiselderswillassisthimtolearnthear t,butbecausehisorganismispreparedfrombirth,orevenfromthemomentofconception,totake onallthoseexpendituresofnervousenergyandallthosemuscularadaptationsthatresultinwalkin g.Toputitconcisely,walkingisaninherent,biologicalfunctionofman. Notsolanguage.Itisofcoursetruethatinacertainsensetheindividualispredestinedtotalk ,butthatisdueentirelytothecircumstancethatheisbornnotmerelyinnature,butinthelapofasoc ietythatiscertain,reasonablycertain,toleadhimtoitstraditions.Eliminatesocietyandthere iseveryreasontobelievethathewilllearntowalk,if,indeed,hesurvivesatall.Butitisjustasce rtainthathewillneverlearntotalk,thatis,tocommunicateideasaccordingtothetraditionalsys temofaparticularsociety.Or,again,removethenew-bornindividualfromthesocialenvironmenti ntowhichhehascomeandtransplanthimtoanutterlyalienone.Hewilldeveloptheartofwalkinginhi snewenvironmentverymuchashewouldhavedevelopeditintheold.Buthisspeechwillbecompletelya tvariancewiththespeechofhisnativeenvironment.Walkingthenisageneralhumanactivitythatva riesonlywithinarestrictedlimitaswepassfromindividualtoindividual.Itsvariabil ityispurposeless.Speechisahumanactivitythatvarieswithoutassignablelimitaswepassfr omsocialgrouptosocialgroup,becauseitisapurelyhistoricalheritage,theproductoflong-cont inuedsocialusage.Itvariesasallcreativeeffortvaries-notasconsciously,perhaps,butnoneth elessastrulyasdothereligions,thebeliefs,thecustoms,andtheartsofdifferentpeoples.Walki ngisanorganic,instinctivefunction,speechisanon-instinctive,acquired,"cultural"functio n. (1).ThefirstsentenceofParagraphTwo,"Notsolanguage"istheclosestinmeaningto______. " A.thisisnotthecasewithlanguage " B.soislanguageandnotanythingelse " C.nosuchathingexistsinlanguage " D.notsomuchwithlanguage A.√ B. C. D. 解析：细节推理题。Notsolanguage承接首段的最后一句话，将language与walking进行对比，上文提及"行走是人类与生俱来的一种生物功能"，而语言则不是。选项A与文中的意思最接近。故答案为A。

2012四川大学考博英语真题及答案详解

四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解 阅读 1）Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? I t was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing a s “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说). It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.” 21. The study of sign language is thought to be _____C___. A) a new way to look at the learning of language B) a challenge to tradi t ional, views on the nature of language C) an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language D) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language（C） 22. The, present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ___C_____. A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brain B) a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf D) some senior experts in American Sign Language（C） 23. According to Stokoe, sign language is _____B___. A) a Substandard language B) a genuine language C) an artificial language D) an international language（B）

川大语言学考博真题

2009年语言学理论 一名词解释。 1.配价： “配价”是当今语法理论体系中最重要的问题之一，所谓“价”（valency），是借用化学中的术语，主要考察某一成分有多少个同现成分，亦即某一成分必须有多少个强制性搭配成分。最早把“价”理论引进语法研究领域的是法国语言学家Lucien Tesnuere，当初是为了研究一个动词能支配多少种不同性质的名词性词语，动词的“价”就就定于动词所支配的不同性质的名词性词语的数目。 配价理论思想认为，动词是一个句子的中心（支配词regissant），它支配着句子中别的成分，而动词本身不受其他任何成分的支配。只接受动词支配的的有“名词词组”和“副词词组”，其中名词词组形成“行动元(actant)”，副词词组形成“状态元(circonstant)”。从理论上说，句子中的状态元可以是无限多，但行动元不得超过三个，即主语、宾语1和宾语2。由此可以将动词分为一价动词、二价动词和三价动词。 动词有配价的问题，后来经过研究，发现形容词和名词等也有配价问题。我们可以说：利用动词与不同性质的名词之间、形容词与不同性质的名词之间、名词中隐含谓词与不同性质的名词之间的配价关系来研究、解释语法现象，这种研究和分析的手段就称之为“配价分析”。 根据配价分析理论，汉语中的动词可以分为零价动词，表自然现象的词；一价动词，即一般的不及物动词；二价动词，即一般的及物动词；三价动词，即双宾动词。 在中国最早利用配价理论与方法来研究汉语的是朱德熙先生关于“动词语+的”结构的分析。利用配价理论及方法我们可以对汉语中的一些歧义现象进行分析，也可一解释一些用其他理论不好解释或不能完善解释的语法现象。 关于配价的性质长期以来有几种不同的观点： 一是认为配价是建立在句法基础上的语法范畴。以句法概念来说明

2003年南京大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2003年南京大学考博英语真题及详解 SECTION I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（20%） （略） SECTION II STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY（35%） Part A Directions:Questions31-40are incomplete sentences.Beneath each sentence you will see four-words or phrases,marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. 31.This platform would collapse if all of us______on it. A.stand B.stood C.would stand D.had stood 【答案】B 【解析】一般现在时的虚拟语气结构，主句用would+动词，从句用一般过去式。 32.The young man who saw the car______into the river telephoned the police. A.plunged B.plunge

C.was plunging D.to plunge 【答案】B 【解析】see sth.do表示看到事物动作的整个过程，这里表示看见车陷入河里。 33.You can come with me to the museum this afternoon______you don’t mind walking for half an hour. A.unless B.so far as C.except D.if 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“如果你不介意走半个小时路的话，你今天下午就跟我一块去博物馆吧。” 可知为D，其余三项均不通。 34.We can rely on William to carry out this mission,for his judgment is always ______. A.inexplicable B.healthy C.sound D.straight 【答案】C

2013年南京大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2013年南京大学考博英语真题及详解 SECTION I STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY(30%) Part A(20%) Directions:There are20incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there arc four choices marked A,B,C,and D respectively.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentences.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. l.Shoes of this kind are to slip on wet ground. A.feasible B.appropriate C.apt D.fitting 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这种鞋在湿地上容易打滑。apt恰当的；有…倾向的；灵敏的。feasible 可行的；可能的；可实行的。appropriate适当的；恰当的；合适的。fitting适合的；相称的。 2.I bought an alarm clock with an_____dial,which can be seen clearly in the dark. A.supersonic B.luminous C.audible

D.amplified 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我买了一个有发光针盘的闹钟，黑夜中也能看得很清楚。luminous发光的；明亮的；清楚的。supersonic超音速的；超声波的。audible听得见的。amplified 放大的；扩充的。 3.Her jewelry_____under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball. A.glared B.glittered C.blazed D.glowed 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她的珠宝在灯光下闪闪发亮，让她成为了舞会上的焦点。glitter闪光；闪烁。glare瞪视；发眩光。blaze燃烧；照耀；激发。glow发热；洋溢；绚丽夺目。 4.Put on dark glasses or the sun will_____you and you won’t be able to see. A.discern B.distort C.distract D.dazzle 【答案】D

2014年四川大学博士生英语入学考试真题(附答案)

川大考博英语2014年真题 I．Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each) Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. Passage One In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small,well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, Nell-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “huma n-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interesting life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings. Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again-by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness. Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems the never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system form, a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maxima, production and consumption are ends in themselves, into a humanist industrialism in which man and full

[外语类试卷]2014年南京大学考博英语真题试卷.doc

[外语类试卷]2014年南京大学考博英语真题试卷 一、Structure and Vocabulary 1 Hunting is thought to be______for the extinction of some wildlife. （A）responsible （B）blamed （C）charged （D）denounced 2 The American students came to our school in November, and we then made a______visit to theirs. （A）reciprocal （B）bilateral （C）considerate （D）rewarding 3 That man claimed to be a______of Confucius. （A）descending （B）ascending （C）descendant （D）offspring 4 Can you______the truth of his statement?

（A）deny （B）refuse （C）decline （D）reject 5 I failed in my new job. If only I______my parents. （A）listened to （B）had listened to （C）have listend to （D）would listen to 6 He studied at a famous college when he was young, ______contributed to his success in later life. （A）which （B）it （C）that （D）what 7 My eldest sister went on with the story and young children around her ______ with " wonderful!" from time to time. （A）broke out （B）broke off （C）broke in

2014年南京大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2014年南京大学考博英语真题及详解 SECTION I STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY(30%) Part A(20%) Directions:There are20incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D respectively.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentences.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1.Hunting is thought to be_____for the extinction of some wildlife. A.responsible B.blamed C.charged D.denounced 【答案】A 【解析】句意：人们认为野生动物的灭绝与狩猎有关。be responsible for“为……负责”，符合句意，因此选A项。be to blame“对某事应负责任的，应受责备的”，而选项B中的be blamed for意思为“因……受责备”。be charged for因……受指控。be denounced for因……受谴责。 2.The American students came to our school in November,and we then made a _____visit to theirs. A.reciprocal

(推荐)四川大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题

四川大学2005年博士研究生入学英语考试题 Passage 1 As the horizons of science have expanded, two main groups of scientists have emerged. One is the pure scientist; the other, the applied scientist. The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of nature that govern our world. The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the other, however, for the two groups are very much related. Sometimes, however, the applied scientist finds the "problem" for the theoretical scientist to work on. Let's take a particular problem of the aircraft industry: heat-resistant metals. Many of the metals and alloys which perform satisfactorily in a car cannot be used in a jet-propelled plane. New alloys must be used, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than an automobile engine. The turbine wheel in a turbojet must withstand temperatures as high as 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, so aircraft designers had to turn to the research metallurgist for the development of metals and alloys that would do the job in jet-propelled planes. Dividing scientists into two groups is only one broad way of classifying them, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scientists specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even further subdivision. And, with finer and finer subdivisions, the various sciences have become more and more interrelated until no one branch is entirely independent of the' others. Many new specialties --geophysics and biochemistry, for example -- have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more sciences. 1. The applied scientist ______. A. is not always interested in practical problems B. provides the basic knowledge for practice C. applies the results of research to practice D. does original research to understand the basic laws of nature 2. The example given in the passage illustrates how ___. A. pure science operates independently of applied science B. the applied scientist discovers the basic laws of nature C. applied science defines all the areas in which basic research is done D. applied science suggests problems for the basic scientist 3. The problem discussed in the second paragraph called for____. A. selecting the best hear-resistant metal from existing metals B. developing a turbine wheel capable of generating heat up to 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit C. developing metals and alloys that would withstand terrific temperatures

2003~2006年南京大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2006年南京大学考博英语真题及详解 SECTION I STRUCTUREANDVOCABULARY (40%) Part A Directions: Questions 1-10 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four choices, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. (10%) 1. You don’t object ______ you by your first name, do you? A. that I call B. for calling C. that I am calling D. to my calling 【答案】D 【解析】object to (doing) sth.不赞成，反对做某事。句中my是calling的逻辑主语。 object that结构中，that引出的部分应该是反对某事的理由，本题表达的不是反对理由，因此A项不符合。 2. ______ initial recognition while still quite young. A. Most famous scientists achieved B. That most famous scientists achieved C. Most famous scientists who achieved

【四川大学】博士考试专家推荐书

曹翔同志于2009年12月加入中国共产党，坚决拥护中国共产党领导，在党组织开展的各项活动中表现积极，政治可靠，有很强的责任心和集体荣誉感。 该同志是在2010年9月以优异的成绩成为我的硕士研究生的。入学之初，我即对他强调要系统学习专业知识，认识研读文献资料。读研期间，该同志的业务水平不断提升，主持了一项西南民族大学创新型科研项目，参与了一项西南民族大学中央高校科研项目，撰写了一篇题为《湘西自治州扶贫开发中人力资本提升问题研究》的硕士论文，并通过了硕士论文答辩，拿到了管理学硕士学位。 此外，该同志及时追踪最新的学科进展，涉足的时间尺度和研究方法都不局限于硕士论文的选题大量，有较宽的科学视野和开放的思维方式。该同志外语水平较强，曾荣获2009年全国大学生英语竞赛优秀奖，读研期间通过不断地刻苦训练，业已具备不错的交流能力。 作为该同志的硕士研究生导师，我有足够的理由相信，他会在更有竞争力的环境中取得更好的成绩，并为祖国的繁荣富强做出积极努力。他蕴藏的学术潜力正待更有效地激发和引导。 作为他的硕士导师，我很高兴推荐他成为四川大学博士研究生。

曹翔同志一贯忠实于教育、科学事业，热爱祖国，热爱人民，具备优良的思想品德。该同志良好的道德修养也保证其在将来的工作中具有好的组织协调能力与合作能力。 该同志英语于2009年通过了全国大学生英语六级考试，成绩509分，能熟练使用英语阅读和交流。 该同志具有很强的科研能力，在硕士论文的研究过程中对自然现象的观察非常细致，能够敏感地发现问题，并能迅速找出解决问题的办法，通过数月的不断努力，撰写了一篇题为《湘西自治州扶贫开发中人力资本提升问题研究》的硕士论文，并通过了硕士论文答辩，拿到了管理学硕士学位。 该同志在硕士研究生学习期间参加了武陵山片区扶贫专项计划研究工作，在研究工作中积累了经验，同时也展示出该同志在研究工作中的天赋与才能。在研究工作的收尾之际，该同志撰写了一篇题为《武陵山湘西自治州与发达省市人力资本对比研究》的学术论文，论文集出版社为中国经济出版社。 鉴于该同志天资聪慧，自学能力强，能很好地领悟学问之实质，及严谨的学风，勤奋的工作态度和其从事科学研究的天赋，特推荐曹翔同志报考四川大学博士研究生。

2015年南京大学考博英语真题试卷.doc

2015年南京大学考博英语真题试卷 (总分：114.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00) 1.The ambassador was accused of having______on domestic affairs.（分数： 2.00） A.trespassed B.encroached C.entrenched D.invaded 2.The goal is to use crops, weeds and even animal waste______the petroleum that fuels much of American manufacturing.（分数：2.00） A.in terms of B.in favor of C.in spite of D.in place of 3.As computer security systems become even more advanced, ______the methods of those who try to break into them illegally.（分数：2.00） A.so much do B.so too do C.as much as D.as well as 4.Parents with only one child tend to have higher academic______for their child.（分数：2.00） A.ambitions B.intentions C.propositions D.aspirations 5.A series of attempts______made, he came to realize that he had underestimated the enormity of the task.（分数：2.00） A.were B.to be C.had been D.having been 6.Manufacturing is China's most important economic activity, ______over 30 percent of the workforce.（分数：2.00） A.including B.engaging C.approximating D.accounting 7.The writer seems to______between approving of Collin's actions and finding them disgusting.（分数：2.00） A.alter B.transform C.vacillate D.vibrate 8.A lie is as much a lie, when it is whispered, as when it is______at the market cross.（分数： 2.00） A.proclaimed B.reclaimed