Unit5Dreams新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译

Unit 5 Dreams

Are You a Dreamer?

1 Dreams — why do we have them? Do they mean anything? Is there such a thing as a dream in which the events seen by the dreamer come true? Such questions have interested people for thousands of years. Scientific advances in the past few decades have revealed more about the physical process of sleep, but they still don't offer any final answers to the many questions about dreams that continue to puzzle us.

2 Everyone dreams—it's just that some of us can't remember doing so. Recordings of human brain waves show that we all go into dream mode when we fall asleep. We dream for most of the night, but we're only able to remember our dreams if we happen to wake up while we are still in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. This is when we dream. We have four or five REM stages of sleep during the night, the first occurring about 90 minutes after we fall asleep. After that, our dreaming periods recur every 90 minutes and last between 15 to 45 minutes, getting longer as the night progresses.

3 The main purpose of sleeping (apart from giving us rest) may be to allow us to dream—to review our lives, our worries and hopes in a totally different way, and to get an unconscious view of ourselves, getting rid of material from our memories that we no longer need.

4 Some dreams may have a simple physiological cause. Dreaming of walking on hot coals, for example, may well be caused by sleeping with your feet too close to a heater. And the frustrating dream in which you try to run but your legs won't move may be explained by bedding that is too tight. Anyone who sleeps through their alarm may well dream of doorbells or telephones ringing. All are simple examples of how the unconscious works with our conscious mind to guide and advise us.

5 But such physiological explanations are not enough to tell us why we dream. Some people believe that dreams are total nonsense, merely the result of the misfiring of electrical impulses in the brain, while on the other hand, some read great importance into even the simplest of dreams.

6 Some dreams reflect inner fears that are instantly recognizable. Dreaming of losing your job or house can reflect real fears, even if they are only subconscious. Most of us have dreamed that we had to take a final exam for a difficult course, which we had never taken, or in which we had done poorly.

7 But what of the dreams that do not have such an obvious meaning? For centuries, both men and women have sought the answers in so-called dream dictionaries, possibly the oldest of which dates back to 5000 BC. According to these dictionaries, a dream

about drinking wine meant a short life, whereas a dream about drinking water predicted a long life.

8 By AD 200, dream dictionaries had lost none of their popularity, and the ancient Greek Artemidorus wrote a five-volume interpretation of more than 3,000 dreams, listing such symbols as right hand (meaning father), left hand (meaning mother), and dolphin (a good omen).

9 Today, there are countless books offering dream interpretations in libraries and bookshops. They're as popular as ever with dream enthusiasts, but most experts warn that they should be read with care. Psychoanalyst and author Kenneth Saunders explains, "Dreams are closely tied up with an individual's mind and analysis is so open to mistakes or errors. I believe you can only discover the true meaning of a dream if you know the person who had the dream."

你做梦吗？

1 梦.我们为什么会做梦？梦有意义吗？真的有梦中所见的事成为现实这种事吗？几千年来这些问题一直让人们感兴趣。过去几十年的科学发展对睡眠的自然过程有了较多的认识.然而对于与梦有关的诸多问题依然没有提供最终的答案.这些问题还要继续困惑我们。

2 人人都做梦——只不过有些人不记得做过梦罢了。人类脑电波的记录显示我们所有人入睡后就进入梦境。整个夜晚的大多数时间我们都在做梦.但只有当我们处在REM (眼睛迅速转动) 睡眠阶段时醒来.才会记住所做的梦。眼睛迅速转动阶段便是我们做梦的时候。每晚我们有四、五个REM睡眠阶段.第一次出现在入睡后的90分钟左右。此后.梦期每90分钟复现一次.每次持续15到45分钟.持续时间随着夜晚的深入逐渐增长。

3 睡眠的主要目的（除让我们休息外）也许就是让我们做梦——让我们以一种截然不同的方式回顾我们的生活、我们的忧虑和希望.以及在潜意识中观察自我.把不再需要的资料从记忆中剔除。

4 有些梦可能是由简单的生理原因引起的。例如.梦到在灼热的煤块上行走很可能是因为睡眠时脚太靠近取暖器。而梦到想跑但两腿却动弹不了这种令人沮丧的境况.也许是被子裹得太紧的缘故。闹铃响了而依然熟睡的人则很可能会梦到门铃或电话铃响。所有这些都是潜意识和意识共同引导和启示我们的简单例子。

5 不过这些从生理的角度进行的解释尚不足以说明为什么我们会做梦。有些人认为梦纯粹是无稽之谈.仅仅是人脑中电脉冲无的放矢的结果.然而.有些人则认为最简单的梦都具有重要的含义。

6 有些梦反映的内心忧虑是立即可以识别的。梦见失去工作或者没了房子.也许是反映了真实的忧虑.即便这些忧虑只是潜意识的。我们大多数人都梦见过必须参加一门很难的课程的期末考试.也许是一门从未修过的.或许是学得很糟的课程。

7 但是.有一些梦并没有这样明显的含义.这是怎么回事呢？多个世纪以来.男男女女都从所谓的解梦字典中寻找答案.这类字典最早的可以追溯到公元前5000年。根据这些字典.梦见喝酒意味着短命.而梦见喝水则预示长寿。

8 一直到公元200年.解梦字典受欢迎的程度仍丝毫未减。当时.古希腊的阿尔米多鲁斯写了一部长达五卷的书.解析了3000多个梦.列举了一系列的象征.诸如右手（表示父亲）.左手（表示母亲）.以及海豚（表示好兆头）。

9 如今.图书馆和书店里有无数的书籍为梦做解析。对于那些热衷于探讨梦的人来说.它们依然深受欢迎。然而.多数专家警告说.读这些书时要非常谨慎。心理分析家兼作家肯尼思·桑德斯解释说：“梦与每个人的思维密切相关.因此分析往往容易出现错误和偏差。我认为.只有当你了解了做梦的人时.才能发现梦的真正含义。”

Dreams That Came True

[1] On the night of November 7, 1965, Mary Daughtery had a nightmare. She cannot forget that dream nor can her husband, George. She tells of it like this: “I dreamed I was on a hill at night. Lightning flashed and thunder rolled. Then I saw a bright light in the sky. There was a loud impact and I heard screams everywhere. ”

[2] Mary says that then she saw a hand lying on the ground. She had a sense of dread, but she went closer. Then she saw an arm and then the shattered body at the end of the arm. She says that in her dream she screamed, “Somebody please help!” Then she saw some men with a large basket made of wicker. They put the body into the basket and went away.

[3] Mary was still screaming when she woke up. “Mary!” George was bending over her, shaking her. “What is the matter?” he asked.

[4] Mary told him, “I just saw you killed in a plane crash. Oh George, please don't go on th at plane to Cincinnati.”

[5] Mary begged him not to go, but George would not let her stop him. But as he drove to the airport, George began to feel strange . Then he saw a plane flying overhead, and his heart began to thump with fear. Then he knew he could not get on the plane. He called the airport and told them to cancel his ticket. Then he called Mary and took the train to Cincinnati.

[6] That night, Flight 383 ran into a bad storm when it tried to land in Cincinnati. The plane crashed into a hill. Mary saw the news report on television. It was just like her dream. She saw men with baskets come to carry away bodies. But she knew George was safe. He was safe because of the omen of her dream.

[7] John Bradley also had a dream like this. He lived in England and was a teacher.

He was also a naturalist. He liked to take his class on field trips to learn about nature.

[8] One night he had a dream. It came to him a week before one of the field trips he had planned. He dreamed he was leading his class along a country lane beside a churchyard.

[9] In his dream, Bradley told two of the boys to lead the way through the churchyard. He would walk at the other end of the line to keep the small children moving. But as they went through the churchyard, Bradley felt the ground shake. Then he heard a loud cracking and ripping sound. Then something huge and dark rushed towards him. It was a huge elm tree. It crashed down right on top of the line of children.

[10] Bradley was very upset by his dream. He thought he should cancel the trip. He told his class about the dream, but they laughed at him. And they did not want to call off the trip. Even the other teachers laughed at him and told him he should not spoil the children's fun. So Bradley agreed that they would go. “But you must promise,” he told them, “to go only where I tell you to go.”

[11] So the field trip went ahead. When they came to the lane, Bradley would not let the children take a detour through the churchyard. Some of them thought this was silly, but they did what they were told.

[12] At the end of the lane, they came to a bridge across a river. The older boys came to a halt and asked, “Which way shall we go, sir? Shall we cross the river or stay on the path beside it?”

[13] Bradley stopped. He had a funny f eeling about the footpath. “Cross the bridge,” he told them. So the children began to walk across the bridge. Then Bradley heard the same terrible cracking sound he had heard in his dream. He looked back. On the very edge of the footpath, he saw a huge elm shake and tremble. Then it fell to the ground. His premonition had come true. The children stared at each other and then at their teacher. If they had walked along the footpath, they would have been at the very spot where the tree had fallen.

成为现实的梦

1 1965年11月7日的晚上.玛丽·都特瑞做了一个噩梦。她忘不了那个梦.她的丈夫乔治也忘不了。她是这么讲述自己的梦的：“我梦见夜里自己在一座山上。电闪雷鸣。然后我看见天上一道亮光。巨大的撞击声.然后我听到四处都是尖叫声。”

2 玛丽说.她接着看见地上有一只手。她感到有些害怕.但还是走上前去。然后她看见了一

只胳膊.胳膊的那头是疏疏落落的尸体碎块。她说.她在梦里尖叫起来：“快来人哪！”然后她看见一些人抬着一个大柳条筐。他们把尸体放进筐里.就走了。

3 玛丽惊醒时还在叫喊着。“玛丽！”乔治俯下身.推推她。“怎么了？”他问。

4 玛丽告诉他：“我刚才梦见你飞机失事死了。噢.乔治.求求你不要坐那趟去辛辛那提的航班。”

5 玛丽求他不要去.但是乔治不听她的劝阻。然而.在他开车去机场的路上.乔治开始感到有点不对头。接着他看见一架飞机从头顶飞过.心慌得砰砰直跳。于是他明白自己不能坐那趟飞机了。他给机场打电话.取消了机票。然后他给玛丽打电话.接着乘火车去了辛辛那提。

6 那天晚上.383次航班试图在辛辛那提降落时遇上了暴风雨。飞机撞上了一座山。玛丽在电视上看到了有关的新闻报道。那情形就同她梦见的一模一样。她看见人们拿筐运走了尸体。但是她知道乔治没事。因为有了她那梦的预兆.乔治得以安然无恙。

7 约翰·布雷德利也做过类似的梦。他住在英格兰.是一位教师。他还是一位博物学家.喜欢带他班上的学生到校外考察旅行.了解大自然。

8 一天晚上.他做了一个梦。这是在他安排了一次校外考察旅行之前一个星期发生的事。他梦见自己领着班上的学生走在一条乡间的小路上.边上就是教堂墓地。

9 在梦里.布雷德利让两个男孩带队穿过教堂墓地。他自己走在队伍的末尾.以便让小一些的孩子保持前进。然而.就在他们穿过教堂墓地的时候.布雷德利感到地面在震动。接着他听见了巨大的断裂声。然后.有个黑乎乎的庞然大物朝他砸过来。那是一棵巨大的榆树.正好兜头砸在孩子们的队伍上。

10 这个梦使布雷德利非常不安。他觉得应该取消这次外出。他把这个梦告诉了班上的学生.但是他们都觉得他很可笑.而且都不愿意取消这次旅行。甚至其他老师也笑话他.跟他说不应该让孩子们扫兴。于是布雷德利同意出行。“但是你们必须答应我.”他跟他们讲.“往哪儿走你们只能听我的。”

11 于是.他们出发了。当他们走到那条小路时.布雷德利不让孩子们改道穿过教堂墓地。有些孩子觉得这样做很蠢.不过他们还是按老师说的做了。

12 走到小路的尽头.他们面前是一座过河的桥。年纪大一些的男孩子停了下来.问：“老师.我们应该走哪条道？过河呢.还是走沿河的小路？”

13 布雷德利停住脚步。他对那条小路有一种古怪的感觉。“过桥.”他告诉他们。于是孩子们开始过桥。接着.布雷德利听到了可怕的断裂声.同自己在梦中听到的完全一样。他回头一看.只见就在那条小路边上.一棵巨大的榆树摇摇晃晃.倒在了地上。他的预感应验了。孩子们面面相觑.然后看着自己的老师。如果刚才他们走那条小路的话.那么他们就正好在那棵榆树倒下来的位置上。

Dreaming Up a Good Mood

[1] According to new studies, dreams can fix your bad moods each night—and if

you're depressed, dreams may predict whether you'll recover more quickly.

[2] It is natural to wake up in the morning with a sunny outlook, relieved of the previous evening's worries. In fact, studies show that a solid night of sleep improves moods in healthy individuals.

[3] But sleep's effects on healthy and depressed people are as different as night and day. People who are seriously depressed actually feel worse after sleeping, since they have more abstract, confusing dreams.

[4] Research led Rosalind Cartwright, Ph.D, director of the Sleep Research Center at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center in Chicago, to wonder how dreams allow our brains to repair our moods—and why this feel-good mechanism doesn't seem to work in the seriously depressed.

[5] In the first of two studies, Cartwright gave a mood test to normally healthy participants, recorded their sleep in a laboratory for one night, then gave them a second mood test when they rose in the morning. During the night, the volunteers were awakened now and then and asked to describe the content of their dreams. Subjects were divided into two groups: one having neutral feelings before bedtime and one with bad moods.

[6] Cartwright found that subjects who had been in neutral moods before sleeping had little change in attitude when they woke. Subjects who were generally not depressed but went to bed in a bad mood, however, reported feeling much better after

a good night's sleep.

[7] This change was reflected in their dreams: people whose moods improved overnight reported experiencing more negative dreams at the beginning of the night and progressively fewer and fewer as sleep went on. Subjects in neutral moods had no change in the content of their dreams.

[8] “The study shows that mood does get adjusted overnight,” says Cartwright. “If you go to sleep in a bad mood, your brain goes to work right away on negative dream material at the beginning of the night so your bad mood is reduced by the end of the night.”

[9] Next, Cartwright repeated the experiment using couples who were depressed by a recent marriage separation. While some unhappy patients dreamed less about serious emotional content and more about lighter topics as the night progressed, others had more disturbing dreams just before waking than at the beginning of sleep.

[10] Assuming that the former group was dreaming away their negative feelings each night, the researchers predicted that they would eventually work through their

depression. And they were right—a follow-up study showed that 72% of the subjects in that group had fewer signs of depression one year later.

[11] “The last dream of the night is the one that patients are most likely to remember,” explains Cartwright.

[12] While the first group was actively working through their blues, resulting in more pleasant dreams at the end of the night and a brighter morning mood, those whose dreams became increasingly unpleasant were more likely to feel low when they woke.

[13] Still, this finding has a positive aspect. It allows sleep therapists to predict which of the depressed persons need the most help. It also tells them the topics that disturb their patients most.

[14] “If patients remember a bad dream,” notes Cartwright, “then whatever that dream is about, that's what therapists should focus treatment on. The patient clearly isn't able to adjust his or her mood, and therapists should work on that.”—thus turning troubled visions into sweet dreams.

梦出好心情

1 根据最新的研究.每天晚上梦都可以调整你的不良情绪。而且如果你情绪低落的话.你的梦也许会预示你是否会比较快地使情绪变好。

2 早晨起床.人们自然会感到心情开朗.摆脱了头天晚上的种种烦恼。事实上.研究表明.好好地睡一晚上会改善健康人的心境。

3 但是.对健康的人和心情沮丧的人而言.睡眠的效果却可能天差地别。情绪特别沮丧的人在睡眠后会感觉更糟.因为他们做的梦更抽象.更能搅乱人的心境。

4 罗莎琳德·卡特赖特博士是芝加哥拉什·长老会·圣卢克斯医疗中心睡眠研究中心主任.对梦的研究使她很想搞清楚我们的大脑如何通过梦来调整我们的心情.为什么这种能使人感觉良好的的心理机制在那些极度抑郁的人身上似乎不起作用。

5 卡特赖特做了两项研究.在第一项研究中.先给那些身体正常健康的实验参与者做一次情绪测试.并记录下他们在实验室一晚的睡眠情况.然后在他们早晨起床时再做一次情绪测试。在夜间.这些志愿受试者不时地被叫醒.要他们描述自己的梦境。受试者们被分成两组：一组在睡觉之前情绪平静.另一组则情绪不佳。

6 卡特赖特发现.那些睡觉前情绪平静的人在醒来后心态没什么大的变化.而那些通常情况不消沉但睡前情绪不佳的人都说睡了一个好觉后感觉好多了。

7 这个变化反映在他们的梦境里：据那些一夜之间心情有所改善的实验者反映.他们在睡眠初期噩梦较多.但随着睡眠的深入.这样的梦越来越少。而情绪平静的受试者在梦内容上没什么变化。

8 “这项研究表明.情绪确实在一夜之间得到了调整。”卡特赖特说.“如果你入睡时心情不佳.你的大脑会立刻开始准备噩梦材料.这样.到你快醒来时.你的不良情绪就已经有所调整。”

9 接着.卡特赖特挑选了一些因为新近分居而情绪低落的夫妻作为实验对象.重复了以上的实验。其中一些不开心的病人随着夜晚的推移.梦里严肃的情感内容少起来了.比较轻松的话题多起来了；而另一些人在睡醒前做的烦心梦反而比刚刚入睡时更加多了。

10 假设前一组实验对象每晚都在梦掉一些不良情绪.研究人员预测他们最终可以摆脱忧郁。他们的预测是正确的。后续研究表明.那组受试者中72%的人在一年后抑郁症状减轻了。

11 “病人最可能记住的是晚上做的最后一个梦。”卡特赖特解释说。

12 第一组病人积极地摆脱忧郁.结果在天亮前做了比较愉快的梦.以致早晨起来心情变好。而那些梦境越来越不愉快的受试者醒来时则更可能情绪低落。

13 这一发现还有它积极的方面。它使睡眠治疗专家可以预测哪些抑郁病人最需要帮助.还能启示他们了解最困扰病人的话题。

14 “如果病人记住了一个噩梦.”卡特赖特说.“那么.不管梦到的是什么内容.它就是治疗专家该重点治疗的。病人显然无法调整自己的情绪.治疗专家应该对付之。” 这么一来.我们就可以把扰人的梦境转变成美梦。

新编大学英语教案(第二册)_unit2communicationproblems

新编大学英语教案(第二册)_U n i t2 C o m m u n i c a t i o n P r o b l e m s -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

Unit Two Communication problems Teaching Objectives 1. Let the students have some ideas of the common ways we usually use in our daily life to communicate. 2. Make the students find the efficient ways to communicate with each other. 3. Let the students come up with the ways to avoid misunderstandings. Teaching allotment six academic hours Focus points 1.key words and phrases assume, conflict, convey, emphasis, ignore, misinterpret, react, verge, feel like, for effect, on the verge of, pull out, take----lightly 2.difficult sentences 1) When Martians and Venusians first got together, they encountered many of the problems with relationships we have today. 2) So when communication problems emerged, they assumed it was just one of those expected misunderstandings and that with a little assistance they would surely understand each other. 3) To fully express their feelings, women would tend to exaggerate the facts a little bit for effect and use various superlatives, metaphors, and generalizations. 3.grammar focus prefix “mis---”的不同意义 Related Information It is well-known that learning a second language is never easy, and, generally speaking, the older one is when one attempts a new language, the more difficult it becomes. This is at least partly due to what is known as language interference, meaning that the linguistic patterns of our first language interfere with those of the second because no two languages have exactly the same sounds and grammatical structures. The English language has a very large vocabulary because it has incorporated words from many other languages over the centuries. This is nowhere more apparent than in its color words. For example, there are many words that express the color “purple”, describing its different shades and hues: mauve, violet, lilac, or lavender. An interesting 2

新编大学英语第三册课文翻译共23页

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新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译一善良之心，久久相依当时我没有意识到，是爸爸帮我保持平衡奥古斯塔斯 , J , 布洛克 1 随着我渐渐长大，当别人看见我和爸爸在一起，我会觉得很尴尬。他身材矮小，走起路来跛得很厉害。我们一起走时，他要把手搭在我的肩上才能保持平衡，人们就会盯着我们看。对这种不必要的注意我觉得非常难堪。他也许曾注意到，或着觉得烦恼，但他从来没有流露出来。2 要协调我们的步伐并不容易，他(的步子)一瘸一拐的，我(走起来)则缺乏耐心。因此，我们走路的时候并不怎么说话。但出发时，他总是说:“你定步伐，我会尽量跟上。”3 我们通常在家和地铁之间来往，这是他上班的必由之路。不论生病还是碰到恶劣的天气他都去上班，几乎没有旷过一天工。即使别人无法上班，他也要去办公室。对他来说这是一种自豪。4 当地上有冰或雪的时候，即使有人帮忙他也无法走路。这时，我或者我的姐妹就用孩子玩的雪撬拉着他，穿过纽约布鲁克林的街道，直到地铁的入口处。一到那儿，他就能紧紧抓住扶手一直走下去, 地铁道里比较暖和，下面的楼梯不结冰。曼哈顿的地铁站正好是他办公楼的地下室，因此除了从布鲁克林我们去接他的地方到回家为止，他都不用再出去。5 一个成年男子要有多少勇气才能承受这种屈辱和压力，我现在想来惊讶不已。他从没有痛苦或抱怨，他是怎么做到这一步的我感到不可思议。6 他从不把自己当作同情的对象，也从不对更幸运的或更能干的人表示任何嫉妒。他在别人身上所寻找的是一颗“善心”。如果他找到了一颗善心，那么有这么颗心的人对他来说就是一位大好人了。7 由于年龄的增长，我相信那是一种用来判断人的恰当的标准，尽管我还不能精确地知道什么是一颗“善心”。但是，当我自己没有的时候，我是知道的。8 尽管很多活动我爸爸不能参加，但他还是尽量用某种方式参与。当本地的一支棒球队发现缺经理的时候，他使它维持下去。他是一个很懂行的棒球迷，经常带我去埃贝茨球场看布鲁克林的道奇队打球。

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UNIT 2-1 一场关于男人是否比女人勇敢的激烈的讨论以一个意外的方式。晚宴我最初听到这个故事是在印度，那儿的人们今天讲起它来仍好像实有其事似的——尽管任何一位博物学家都知道这不可能是真的。后来有人告诉我，在第一次世界大战之后不久就出现在一本杂志上。但登在杂志上的那篇故事, 以及写那篇故事的人，我却一直未能找到。故事发生在印度。某殖民官员和他的夫人举行盛行的晚宴。跟他们一起就座的客人有——军官和他人的夫人，另外还有一位来访的美国博物学家——筵席设在他们家宽敞的餐室里，室内大理石地板上没有铺地毯；屋顶明椽裸露；宽大的玻璃门外便是阳台。席间，一位年轻的女士同一位少校展开了热烈的讨论。年轻的女士认为，妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则不以为然。“女人一遇到危急情况，”少校说，反应便是尖叫。而男人虽然也可能想叫，但比起女人来，自制力却略胜一筹。这多出来的一点自制力正是真正起作用的东西。”那个美国人没有参加这场争论，他只是注视着在座的其他客人。在他这样观察时，他发现女主人的脸上显出一种奇异的表情。她两眼盯着正前方，脸部肌肉在微微抽搐。她向站在座椅后面的印度男仆做了个手势，对他耳语了几句。男仆两眼睁得大大的，迅速地离开了餐室。在座的客人中，除了那位美国人以外论证也没有注意到这一幕，也没有看到那个男仆把一碗牛奶放在紧靠门边的阳台上。那个美国人突然醒悟过来。在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一个意思——引蛇的诱饵。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。他意识到餐室里一定有条眼镜蛇。他抬头看了看屋顶上的椽子——那是最可能有蛇藏身的地方——但那上面空荡荡的。室内的三个角落里也是空的，而在第四个角落里，仆人们正在等着下一道菜。这样，剩下的就只有一个地方了餐桌下面。他首先想到的是往后一跳，并向其他人发警告。但他知道这样会引起骚乱，致使眼镜索受惊咬人。于是他很快讲了一通话，其语气非常威严，竟使所有的人安静了下来。我想了解一下在座的诸位到底有多大的克制能力，我数三百下——也就五分钟——你们谁都不许动一动。动者将罚款五十卢比。准备好！”在他数数的过程中，那2 0 个人像一尊尊石雕一样端坐在那儿。当他数到“……280……”时，突然从眼然处看到那条眼镜蛇钻了出来，向那碗牛奶爬去。在他跳起来把通往阳台的门全都砰砰地牢牢关上时，室内响起了一片尖叫声。“你刚才说得很对，少校！”男主人大声说。一个男子刚刚为我们显示了从容不迫、镇定自若的范例。”“且慢”，那位美国人一边说着一边转向女主人。温兹太太，你怎么知道那条眼镜蛇是在屋子里呢？”女主人的脸上闪现出一丝淡淡的微笑，回答说：“因为它当时正从我的脚背上爬过去。” UNIT2 杰斐逊很久以前就死了，但是我们仍然对他的一些思想很感兴趣,杰斐逊的箴言, 布鲁斯.布利文、托马斯.杰斐逊美国第三任总统，也许不像乔治.华盛顿和亚伯拉罕.林肯那样著名，但大多数人至少记得有关他的一件事实：《独立宣言》是他起草的。虽然杰斐逊生活在二百多年以前，但我们今天仍可以从他身上学到很多东西。他的许多思想对当代青年特别有意义。下面就是他讲过和写到过的一些观点：自己去看。杰斐逊认为，一个自由的人除了从书本中获取知识外，还可以从许多别的来源获得知识；亲自做调查是很重要的。当他还年轻的时候，他就被任命为一个委员会的成员，去调查詹姆斯河南部支流的水深是否可以通行大型船只。委员会的其他成员都坐在州议会大厦内，研究有关这一问题的文件，而杰斐逊却跳进一只独木舟去做现场观测。你可以向任何人学习。按出身及其所受的教育，杰斐逊均属于最高的社会阶层。然而很少跟出身卑贱的人说话的年代，在那个贵人们除了发号施令以外。杰斐逊却想尽办法跟园丁、仆人和侍者交谈。有一次杰斐逊曾这样对法国贵族拉斐特说：你必须像我那样到平民百性的家里去，看看他们的烧饭锅，吃吃他们的面包。只要你肯这样做，你就会发现老百姓为什么会不满意，你就会理解正在威胁着法国的革命。”自已作判断。未经过认真的思考，杰斐逊绝不接受别人的意见。“不要相信它或拒绝它。

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【1-A】 A Good Heart to Lean On ore than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance. Augustus J. Bullock [1] When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He was severely crippled and very short, and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare. I would be ashamed of the unwanted attention. If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on. [2] It was difficult to coordinate our steps—his halting, mine impatient—and because of that, we didn't say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, “You set the pace. I will try to adjust to you. ” [3] Our usual walk was to or from the subway, which was how he got to work. He went to work sick, and despite nasty weather. He almost never missed a day, and would make it to the office even if others could not. It was a matter of pride for him. [4] When snow or ice was on the ground, it was impossible for him to walk, even with help. At such times my sisters or I would pull him through the streets of Brooklyn , N.Y. , on a child's sleigh to the subway entrance. Once there, he would cling to the handrail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept ice-free. In Manhattan the subway station was the basement of his office building, and he would not have to go outside again until we met him in Brooklyn on his way home. [5] When I think of it now, I marvel at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such indignity and stress. And I marvel at how he did it—without bitterness or complaint. [6] He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a “good heart”, and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him. [7] Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people, even though I still don't know precisely what a “good heart” is. But I know the times I don't have one myself. [8] Unable to engage in many activities, my father still tried to participate in some way. When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going. He was a knowledgeable baseball fan and often took me to Ebbets Field to see the Brooklyn Dodgers play. He liked to go to dances and parties, where he could have a good time just sitting and watching. [9] On one memorable occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving. He wasn't content to sit and watch, but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft sand. In frustration he began to shout, “I'll fight anyone who will sit down with me! I'll fight anyone who will sit dow n with me! ” [10] Nobody did. But the next day people kidded him by saying it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive even before the bout began. [11] I now know he participated in some things vicariously through me, his only son. When I played ball (poorly), he “played” too. When I joined the Navy, he “joined” too. And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office. Introducing me, he was really saying, “This is my son, but it is also me, and I could have done this, too, if things had been different. ” Those words were never said aloud. [12] He has been gone many years now, but I think of him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks. If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of another's good fortune, when I don't have a “good heart”. [13] At such times I put my hand on his arm to regain my balance, and say, “You se t the pace. I will try to adjust to you.” ( 703 words)

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Unit 1 Personality羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改进。７．记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。要把它们作为增长见识的经历，从中受益。挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如，你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。然而，

新编大学英语2课文全部翻译

以生命相赠 1 炸弹落在了这个小村庄里。在可怕的越南战争期间，谁也不知道这些炸弹要轰炸什么目标，而他们却落在了一所有传教士们办的小孤儿院内。 2 传教士和一两个孩子已经丧生，还有几个孩子受了伤，其中有一个小女孩，8岁左右，她的双腿被炸伤。 3 几小时后，医疗救援小组到了。救援小组由一名年轻的美国海军医生和一名同样年轻的海军护士组成。他们很快发现有个小女孩伤势严重。如果不立即采取行动，显然她就会因失血过多和休克而死亡。 4 他们明白必须给小女孩输血，但是他们的医药用品很有限，没有血浆，因此需要相配血型的血。快速的血型测定显示两名美国人的血型都不合适，而几个没有受伤的孤儿却有相配的血型。 5 这位医生会讲一点越南语，忽视会讲一点法语，但只有中学的法语水平。孩子们不会说英语，只会说一点法语。医生和护士用少得可怜的一点共同语言，结合大量的手势，努力向这些受惊吓的孩子们解释说，除非他们能输一些血给自己的小伙伴，否则她将必死无疑。接着问他们是否有人愿意献血来救小女孩。 6 对医生和护士的请求，孩子们（只是）瞪大眼睛，一声不吭。此时小病人生命垂危。然而，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。过了好一会儿，一只小手慢慢地举了起来，然后垂了下去，一会儿又举了起来。 7 “噢，谢谢，”护士用法语说。“你叫什么名字？” 8 “兴，”小男孩回答道。 9 兴很快被抱到一张床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，针就扎了进去。在整个过程中，兴僵直地躺着，没有出声。 10 过了一会儿，他发出了一声长长的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活动的手捂住了自己的脸。 11 “兴，疼吗？”医生问。 12 兴默默地摇了摇头，但一会儿忍不住又抽泣起来，并又一次试图掩饰自己的哭声。医生又问是不是插在手臂上的针弄疼了他，兴又摇了摇头。 13 但现在，偶尔的抽泣变成了持续无声的哭泣。他紧紧地闭着眼睛，用拳头堵住嘴想竭力忍住哭泣。 14 现在医疗小组非常担忧，因为针不该使他们的小输血者一直感到疼痛。显然出了问题。恰好这时，一名越南护士前来帮忙。看到小男孩在哭，她用越南话很快地和他说话。听了小男孩的回答后，又立即回答他。护士一边说，一边俯身轻轻拍着小男孩的头，她的声音亲切柔和。 15 一会儿，小男孩不再哭了，他睁开眼睛，用询问的目光看着越南护士。护士点了点头，小男孩的脸上马上露出了宽慰的神色。 16 越南护士抬起头平静地对两名美国人说：“他以为自己快死了。他误解了你们，以为你们要他献出所有的血，小女孩才能活下来。” 17 “那他为什么会愿意这么做呢？”海军护士问。 18 越南护士把这个问题向小男孩重复了一遍。小男孩简单地回答道：“她是我的朋友。” 19 他为了朋友甘愿献出自己的生命，没有比这更伟大的爱了。 没有言语的交流 1 当你学一门外语的时候，你一定要学词汇和语法，但这些还远远不够。要想成功地进行交流，你还必须学习该文化的非言语语言，或者说“身势语”。身势语是一个术语，是我们用来描述那些可以传递信息的脸部表情，手势以及其他身体动作的术语。这种交流方式非常重要，实际上我们用动作表达的信息可以比用言语表达的信息更多。 2 有时候我们发现说一门外语很困难，因为我们可能不了解另一种文化的非言语信号，或者说那些信号在我们自己文化中的含义可能迥然不同。例如，在世界上不同的地方，上下点头的动作就传递不同的信息。在北美，该动作表示“我同意”。在中东地区，向下点头表示“我同意”，而向上抬头表示“我不