英专综合教程6册课文翻译及课后答案Answer to unit 6

IV. Chinese Translation of Paragraphs

1. 旅行好比私通：人总受到背叛自己国家的诱惑。拥有想象力，必定意味着对自己生活的地方不再满意。男人都有一种离心倾向，我们渴望旅行，恰似那些寻欢的情人。

2. 也只有在旅行之时，我们才赞赏古旧之物。在国内——至少对美国人而言，所有东西都必须得是新近的。但是我们走出国门的时候，却只对古老的东西感兴趣，因为我们想看看那些历经时间侵袭而保存下来的遗迹。

3. 我们旅行的时候，会放下戒备和忧虑，渴望回归过去；我们是向后倒退而非向前迈进；我们培养着自己的歇斯底里。

4. 我们旅行的时候会呈现出自己最好的一面，正如我们穿上自己最漂亮的衣服出行一般，只有我们的护照才会提醒我们，实际上自己是多么平淡无奇！我们出国去认识我们那个陌生的自己，那个诞生在飞机上且令人激动的陌生人。我们去欧洲观赏那些借便利之名已经从我们的文化中废掉或剔除的一切：宗教、皇室、古雅、差异以及激情。我们深信其他国家的人民比我们更加热情奔放。

5. 我们每个人都在伪装——不然缘何我们会戴上墨镜并在谈吐举止中尽力模仿另一个地方的本土居民呢？在家里，我们才做回自己；出国后，我们则尽力成为自己始终想做的人。尽管最近大家都在谈论有关根的话题，但我们中的许多人都厌倦了自己的根，而这根本身也可能入土很浅，于是我们四处旅行，寻找无根的感觉。

6. 人变得好奇起来，旅行也就开始了。教会的影响力、传统的生活方式、缺乏钱财、难得闲暇, 都制约了人们的好奇心。直到17世纪，在科学发现的促进之下，物质世界的大门才被撬开。也只有那时，人们才开始旅行，寻求世俗的快慰。

7. 旅行可增长见识，可洞悉本国或异域的文化，可造就现代人的厌倦感。类似十字军东征的元素在现代旅行者身上依然存在，只不过他是个人出征，这是驱使他远离家乡，进行说不清道不明的精神征战的一种冲动。

8. 当然，旅行最普通的原因就是为了远离家乡。弗洛伊德说我们旅行是为了逃离父亲和家庭，而我们也可以补充说是为了逃离我们熟悉的一切。人们经常会有放弃生活的念头，走出自己的生活。

9. 旅行之时，我们是在度假休闲——即生活空闲有待填补。有些游客疯狂购物，那是他们试图在购买新的生活。身在异乡的人会有种解脱的奢华享受，他可以自由交往，无需承担任何责任。个人顿时成了看客，永远立于不败之地的看客。

10. 我们在户外生机盎然的夏日出行，因此我们仅能看到人们夏日的模样，而难见他们令人悲伤的秋天、黑暗漫长的冬天以及残酷的春天。我们所到之处都镀上了金色的阳光，花朵和树木则好比抛向历史的花束。

11. 还有语言——撇开自己那满口陈词滥调的语言是多么令人愉快！用另一种语言去交谈

又是多么动听！仿佛我们的耳朵经清洗过一般。只要我们不太理解其意，任何外语都是诗歌。

12. 正因为旅行的缘由很多——有些还自相矛盾——所以游记就好比行李箱，作家努力将所有东西都塞入其中。游记最有趣的部分是一个逐渐品味的过程，它表达了对某种特殊事物的怀旧情感。旅行好比在异国他乡玩的童真游戏，犹如我们儿时玩过家家一样。

13. 游记所描绘的是悲剧的弧线：它开场时兴高采烈，落幕时心情低落。最早的游客。出国看奇观，去赞赏世界的丰富多彩——而当下的游客好比是坐在垂死文化床边的访客；早期的游客对陌生之地一见钟情——而现在我们只有在最后一眼、死前最后一吻、最后一息之际才懂得爱。在古代有些社会中，儿子要吸入父亲去世前最后一口气，其中含有他父亲将要离体的魂魄,如今的游客也做着类似的事情。

14. 游记创作现已成为真正的现代事物，充满了当前对过去的惋惜。我们旅行时像保险评估员，评估着每处的损失。在国内我们强硬反对任何类型的种族差异，而在国外我们却崇拜这种差异。具有讽刺意味的是，美国人比欧洲人更需要欧洲。譬如对巴黎人而言，巴黎是生活的地方，但对美国人而言，那里是梦想的地方。

15. “我不期待在不久的将来看到很多游记，”伊夫林·沃1946年写道。他看到世界正朝“单一文化”方向发展，不同的地域感正在滑向无感状态。但沃没能预见的是，游记也会像小说和诗歌那样发生变化，而且文化的任何滑移都会产生独特的文学。他低估了我们旅行动机的多样性。

16. 也总有些游客外出旅行是为了自讨苦头，为他们的焦虑与绝望寻找合理的解释，为他们梦想的幻灭贴上标签，恰如以前蒸汽船的行李箱上贴满标签一样。要不为何保罗·索鲁要去他显然很厌恶的南美旅行？施瓦·奈保尔最怕的噩梦在非洲得到了证实，正如他弟弟的噩梦在亚洲得到证实一样。格雷厄姆·格林则为了独自忏悔而在利比里亚丛林游荡了四个月。

17. 甚至连废墟也变了。古典的废墟已荡然无存，现在很多地方纯粹已被“毁坏”。对此也有游客乐不可支，他们为破败而喜欢破败。对他们而言，破败就是当代异域风情的代名词。这是一种极端负面的情绪，一种见毁心喜的病态。

18. 当国外可寻的异域风情越来越少的时候，游记作家就被迫从自身寻找异域特色——以及优美风景——离心倾向由此变为向心运动。现代游记会记录某些东西的缺失，正如经典著作会讲述它们的存在一样。在《卡尔斯之行》中，具有讽刺意味的是，菲利普·格雷兹布鲁克游访了几个毫无特色的土耳其村庄，似乎仅仅是为了去一下那些地方。（讽刺似乎已经成为了当代游客随洗随干的汗衫。）像格雷兹布鲁克那样极具见识的游客所要追求的东西之一就是一个可以突显他自身的地方。

19. 或许我们将来得像詹姆士·霍尔曼那样旅行。他由于失明从英国海军病退以后，于1819年开始环游世界。虽然他基本上是单独旅行，也不会讲外语，且只乘公共交通，但他旅行的脚步却远至西伯利亚。返回家乡之后，他出版了几部厚厚的著作，描述他的所见所闻。他说他虽然失明了，但却很少觉得错过什么东西。（他途中曾经遇到过一位聋子，两人还结伴而行。）

20. 由于失明，人们常常会请霍尔曼挤捏东西以感知它们——这也正是现今游客必须做的事情。他必须挤挤他到访的地方，以便能挤出点东西，任何东西都行。

III. Language Work

1. Explain the underlined part(s) in each sentence in your own words.

1). We’re going to see in Europe everything we have eliminated or edited out of our own culture in the name of convenience ...

→ have removed from; for the sake of

2). ... the lack of money and leisure had all restrained curiosity until the seventeenth century, when under pressure of scientific discoveries, the physical world began to gape open.

→ inhibited; open widely

3). The frenzied shopping of some travelers is an attempt to buy a new life.

→ spending sprees/wild shopping

4). The places we visit are gold-plated by the sun.

→ beautified

5). We cling to the belief that other peoples are more passionate than we are.

→ cherish/adhere to

6). There have always been travelers who went to look for the worst, to find rationalizations for their anxiety or despair ...

→ find reasons or excuses for

7). Why else would Paul Theroux go to South America, which he so obviously detested?

→ For what other reason; disliked

8. Shiva Naipaul’s worst fears were confirmed in Africa ...

→ proved to be well-grounded

9). Graham Greene spent four months traveling in the Liberian jungle as a private penance.

→ way to punish himself for the wrong things he had done

10). Perhaps in the future we shall have to travel like James Holman, who, after being invalided out of the British navy because he had gone blind, set out in 1819 to see the world

→ leaving the British navy because he was an invalid; started traveling

2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

1). In the film, he is able to depict the sense of otherness (other) and alienation that many

teenagers feel.

2). The sophistication (sophisticate) of computers is increasing as their size decreases.

3). Don’t be so impulsive (impulse) — think before you act.

4). The father-daughter relationship is a recurrent (recur) theme in her novels.

5). I keep getting contradictory (contradict) advice — some people tell me to keep it warm and some tell me to put ice on it.

6). Talking about our past family reunions has made me feel quite nostalgic (nostalgia).

7). The group has always been characterized by an uncompromising militancy (militantly).

8). She has the distinction (distinct) of being one of the few people to have an honorary degree conferred on her by the university this year.

9). There is increasing disillusionment (disillusion) with the management of the company.

10). We are still awaiting confirmation (confirm) of the exact number of casualties.

3. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.

be opposed to | in search of | stand out | put aside

tempt | invalid | disengage from | cling to

edit out | give way to | crusade | last-ditch attempt

1). In a last ditch-attempt to save his party from electoral defeat, he resigned from the leadership.

2). You’re tempting fate by riding your bike without wearing a bicycle helmet.

3). Let’s put our differences aside and make a fresh start.

4). In some areas, modern intensive farming is giving way to the re-introduction of traditional methods.

5). She was shot by a sniper when she went out in search of firewood.

6). Most of the violent scenes were edited out for television.

7). The number-one rule for being a good colleague is to disengage your emotions from the working relationship.

8). She is opposed to religious education in schools.

9). She clings to the hope that her husband will come back to her.

10). We had lots of good applicants for the job, but one stood out from the rest.

11). She crusaded against sex and violence on television.

12). She was invalided out of the service because of injuries she received in a fire.

4. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.

1). In old movies, the police shouted “Open up in the name of the law” before they broke the door down.

→ by the right of

2). When the post fell vacant, Dennis Bass was appointed to fill it.

→ became available

3). The party leader is said to be concerned about the slippage in the recent opinion polls.

→ decline (of popularity)

4). Her voice heavy with irony, Simone said, “We’re so pleased you were able to stay so long.”

→ Sounding highly ironical

5). As she was waiting to go into the examination room, he squeezed her hand and wished her good luck.

→ pressed her hand affectionately

6). Yields on gas and electricity shares are consistently high.

→ Profits

7). It’s plain reporting of the facts —there’s not much editorial content.

→ opinion of the editors

8). We must get to the root of this problem

→ find out the cause of

9). She dresses very provocatively.

→ seductively

10). She started laughing hysterically.

→ wildly/without control

5. Correct the errors in the following passage. The passage contains ten errors, one in each indicated line. In each case, only one word is involved.

Corrections should be done as follows:

Wrong word: underline the wrong word and write the correct word in the blank.

Extra word: delete the extra word with an “×.”

Missing word: mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” and write the missing word

6. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.

Why We Travel?

We travel, initially, to lose ourselves; and we travel, (1) next, to find ourselves. We travel to (2) open our hearts and eyes and learn more about the world than our newspapers will accommodate. We travel to bring what little we can, in our ignorance and knowledge, to those parts of the globe whose riches are differently dispersed. And we travel, in (3) essence, to become young fools again — to (4) slow time down and get taken (5) in, and fall in love once more. The beauty of this whole process was best described, perhaps, before people even took (6) to frequent flying, by George Santayana in his lapidary essay, “The Philosophy of Travel.” We “need sometimes,” the Harvard philosopher wrote, “to (7) escape into open solitudes, into aimlessness, (8) into the moral holiday of running some pure hazard, in order to (9) sharpen the edge of life, to taste hardship, and to be compelled to work desperately for a moment at no matter what.”

I like that stress on (10) work, since never more than on the road are we shown how proportional our blessings are to the (11) difficulty that precedes them; and I like the (12) stress on a holiday that’s “moral” since we fall into our et hical habits as (13) easily as into our beds at night. Few of us ever forget the connection between “travel” and “travail,” and I know that I travel in large part in search of (14) hardship —both my own, which I want to feel, and others’, which I need to see. Travel in that sense guides us toward a better (15) balance of wisdom and compassion —of seeing the world clearly, and yet feeling it truly. For (16) seeing without feeling can obviously be uncaring; while (17) feeling without seeing can be blind.

Yet for me the first great joy of traveling is simply the luxury of leaving all my beliefs and certainties at (18) home, and seeing everything I thought I knew in a (19) different light, and from a crooked (20) angle. In that regard, even a Kentucky Fried Chicken outlet in Beijing can be both novelty and revelation: In China, after all, people will pay a whole week’s wages to eat with Colonel Sanders.

IV. Translation

1. Translating Sentences

1). 这么多年过去了，现在他仍然抱着她会被他的爱所感动并嫁给他的希望。(cling to)

After so many years he is still clinging to the hope that she will be moved by his love and marry him.

cling to: to stick to or fit very tightly on something

e.g. Gareth's dripping clothes clung to his body.

2). 为了友谊，他选择对约翰的严重错误保持沉默。(in the name of)

→He chose to rem ain silent about John’s serious mistake in the name of friendship.

in the name of: representing someone or something

e.g. They said they came in the name of peace.

3). 他感觉自己在所有那些聪明人中间像个冒牌货——似乎他根本没资格在那儿。(impostor) →He felt like an impostor among all those intelligent people, as if he had no right to be there.

impostor n. someone who pretends to be someone else, in order to trick people

e.g. We knew he was an impostor because he spoke with a foreign accent.

4). 她因滑稽、粗俗和大胆成了美国最出名的电视名人之一。(profane)

→Funny, profane and fearless, she has become one of America’s biggest television celebrities.

profane adj. showing a lack of respect for God or religious objects, places, or beliefs

e.g. He doesn't dare to profane the name of God.

5). 一群好奇的旁观者很快聚拢过来看发生了什么事。(onlooker)

→A crowd of curious onlookers soon gathered to see what was happening.

onlooker n. someone who watches something happen but does not take part in it

e.g. An impartial onlooker must be sought out.

6). 再次听到那支曲子使他内心充满了怀旧之情。(nostalgia)

→Hearing that tune again filled him with nostalgia.

nostalgia n. thoughts about happy times in your past, often mixed with the wish to be back in the past

e.g. a strong feeling of nostalgia

stories full of nostalgia for the good old days

7). 我讨厌不得不在天还没亮时起床。(detest)

→I detest having to get up when it’s still dark outside.

detest vt. to hate someone or something

e.g. I detest people who deceive and tell lies.

Elites always detest gifted and nimble outsiders.

8). 地方政府的这项新政策引起了环保组织的强烈抗议。(provoke)

→The new policy of the local government provoked a storm of protest from the environmental protection organizations.

provoke vt. to deliberately try to make someone angry

e.g. H e's just trying to provoke you.

She couldn't provoke him into arguing.

9). 这本书中有好几个优美的描写片段。(sublime)

→The book contains sublime descriptive passages.

sublime adj. extremely good or beautiful

e.g. Sublime music filled the air.

He is a man of sublime virtue.

10). 我察觉到他对安排不大满意，于是预订了另一家旅馆。(perceive)

Perceiving that he wasn’t happy with the arrangements, I booked a different hotel.

perceive vt. to understand or think about something in a particular way

e.g. S chool heads perceive their roles in different ways.

Computers were often perceived as a threat.

2. Translate the following passage into English.

世界上有几百万人依靠国家地理学会(the National Geographic Society) 获取信息。每年都有数以千计的游客参观位于哥伦比亚特区华盛顿市中心的该学会探险者展厅(Explorers Hall)。这个博物馆里的展品和现代技术帮助他们了解地球及其环境。

国家地理学会出版在世界上广受欢迎的地图、书籍和杂志；制作电影和电视片；为学校制作计算机程序和录像。学会的研究与探索委员会(Committee for Research and Exploration)为研究从考古学到动物学的课题的科学家提供资金。

国家地理学会支持地理学的教学。地理学是研究地球的学问。学会帮助培养地理学教师。学会在它的因特网网站上向计算机用户提供有关研究人员和探险家的活动的最新信息。

参考译文

Millions of people around the world depend on the National Geographic Society for information. Each year, thousands of visitors tour the society’s Explore rs Hall in central Washington, D.C. Exhibits and modern technology in this museum help them learn about the Earth and its environment.

The National Geographic Society produces maps, books, and magazines that are popular around the world. It also produces films and television shows. And it makes computer programs and videos for schools. The society’s Committee for Research and Exploration gives money to scientists working in subjects from archaeology to zoology.

The National Geographic Society supports the teaching of geography —the study of the Earth. It helps train teachers in geography. It offers computer users the latest information about the activities of researchers and explorers on its Internet website.

— Shirley MacLaine

必修一课文及翻译

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Unit1如何发表演说斯蒂芬·卢卡斯 1.在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。 2.优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。 3.如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。 4.语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。 5.准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想象。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。 6.另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 7.恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。 8.优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。 9.在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、

赤壁之战 翻译

赤壁之战翻译 当初，鲁肃听说刘表死，就对孙权说：“荆州与我国接邻，地理形势险要、坚固，肥沃的土地方圆万里，百姓殷实富裕，如果占有它，这就是开创帝王事业的凭借。现在刘表刚死，他（刘表）的两个儿子（刘琦、刘琮）不和，军队中的那些将领，有的拥戴刘琦，有的拥戴刘琮。 刘备是天下的豪杰，跟曹操有仇，寄居在刘表那里，刘表嫉妒他的才能而不重用（他）。如果刘备同他们（指原属刘表手下的人）荆州方面的人同心协力，上下一致，（我们）就应当安抚他们，与他们结盟友好；如果他们有所背离（指刘表和荆州将领不能合作），（我们）就该另外筹划这件事情，以成就（我们的）大业。我请求奉您之命去慰问刘表的两个儿子，并慰劳（他们）军中掌权的人物，以及劝说刘备使他安抚刘表的部下，同心一意，共同对付曹操，刘备一定会高兴而听从我们的意见。如果这件事能够成功，天下就可以安定下来了。现在不赶快前往，恐怕就被曹操占了先（抢先）。”孙权立刻派鲁肃前往。（鲁肃）到夏口，听说曹操已向荆州进军，（于是）日夜赶路，等（鲁肃）到了南郡，（刘表的二儿子）刘琮已投降曹操，刘备向南逃跑，鲁肃直接迎向前去，与刘备在当阳县长坂坡相会。鲁肃转达孙权的意旨，（和刘备）讨论天下大事和当前行势，表示恳切慰问的心意，并且问刘备说：“刘豫州现在想到哪里去？”刘备说：“我和苍梧太守吴巨有老交情，想去投奔他。”鲁肃说：“孙讨虏（孙权，曹操曾以汉献帝的名义授给他讨虏将军的名号）将军聪明仁惠，敬重以礼相待贤能之士，江南的英雄豪杰都归附他，已经占据了六个郡，兵精粮足，足够用来成就大业。现在为您打算，不如派遣最亲信的人，主动同东边吴国结盟，以共同成就一番世代相传的事业。（但是您）却打算投奔吴巨，吴巨是个平庸的人，又处在偏僻边远的州郡，快要被别人吞并了，（这样的人）难道可以托身吗？”刘备（听了）很高兴。鲁肃又对诸葛亮说：“我是子瑜的朋友。”就同刘备等定下了交情。（另译）两个人随即（也因子瑜的关系）交了朋友。子瑜就是诸葛亮的哥哥诸葛瑾，在江东避乱，（现在做）孙权的长史。刘备采纳了鲁肃的建议，（率兵）进驻鄂县的樊口。 曹操从江陵将要顺着长江东下，诸葛亮对刘备说：“事情很危急，请（让我）奉命向孙将军求救。”于是就同鲁肃一起去拜见孙权。诸葛亮在柴桑会见到了孙权，劝孙权说：“（现在）天下大乱，将军（您）在江东起兵，刘豫州在汉水以南招收兵马，同曹操共同争夺天下。现在曹操削平大乱（消灭各地割据势力），（中原地区）大致已稳定局面，就（南下）攻破荆州，声威震动天下。英雄没有施展武力的地方了，所以刘豫州逃到这里，希望将军估量自己的力量来对付这个局面！ 如果能够拿（江东）吴、越的兵力同中原（的曹操）对抗，不如趁早同他断绝关系；如果不能，为什么不放下武器、捆起铠甲，向（曹操）投降（向北朝拜称臣）呢！现在将军外表上假托服从（曹操）的名义，而内心里却怀着犹豫不决的心思，事情紧迫而又不能决断，灾祸降临就没有多少时候了！”孙权说：“假若像您所说，刘豫州为什么不投降曹操呢？”诸葛亮说：“田横，（不过是）齐国的一个壮士罢了，还能恪守节义不肯受辱；何况刘豫州（是）汉王室的后代，英明才智超过当世，众人仰慕敬重他，好像水流入大海一样。如果大事不能成功，就是天意，又怎能甘心屈服在曹操之下呢？”孙权激怒的说：“我不能拿整个东吴的土地，十多万将士，来受别人控制，我的主意已经决定