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新编大学英语第三册Unit5-10课文翻译

How I Discovered Words(我是怎样识字的) The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield

Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it [N] connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.

在我记忆中，我一生最重要的日子是我的老师安妮?曼斯菲尔德?沙利文走进我生活的那一天。至今，

每当我想起这一天仍会惊叹不已：是这一天把（我过的）截然不同的两种生活连在一起。在我记忆中, 那是1887年3月3日，离我7岁生日还有三个月。

[2] On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant.[N] I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for

me.[N] Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.

在那个重要日子的午后，我呆呆地站在我家的门廊上，内心充满了期盼。从我母亲给我的手势和屋子

里众人来来往往的忙碌中我隐约猜到将有不同寻常的事发生，于是我来到门口，在台阶上等着。午后

的阳光透过覆盖着门廊的忍冬花簇照射到我仰起的脸庞上。我的手指近乎下意识地抚弄着这些熟悉的

叶片和花朵。它们刚刚抽叶开花，迎来南方温馨的春天。至于我的未来究竟会出现什么样的奇迹，我

茫然不知。几个星期来，愤怒和怨恨一直折磨着我。这种激烈的感情争斗之后则是一种极度的疲惫。

[3] Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line[N], and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship

before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbour was. "Light! Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.

你可曾在航海时遇上过浓雾？那时，你仿佛被困在了触手可及的一片白茫茫中，不见天日。你乘坐的

巨轮，靠测深锤和测深线的指引，举步维艰地靠向海岸，既紧张又焦急不安；而你则心里怦怦直跳，

等着什么事情发生。我在接受教育之前正像那艘巨轮，所不同的是我连指南针或测深线都没有，更无

从知晓离港湾还有多远。我的心灵在无声地疾呼：“光明！给我光明吧!”而就在那个时刻，爱的光芒洒

在了我的身上。

[4] I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother.[N] Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to

me, and, more than all things else, to love me.

我感觉到有脚步由远及近。于是我伸出了手，以为会是母亲。有人抓住了我的手，将我抱住并紧紧地

搂在了怀里。正是这个人的到来，把整个世界展示给我，最重要的是给我带来了爱。

[5] The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know

this until afterward. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand

the word "d-o-l-l". I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to imitate it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I was flushed with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was

spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in

monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words, among them, pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a name.

在老师来到我家的第二天上午，她把我带到她的房间，给了我一个玩具娃娃。这娃娃是帕金斯学校的

小盲童们送给我的礼物，劳拉?布里奇曼给娃娃穿上了衣服，不过这些是我在后来才知道的。我玩了

一小会儿之后，沙利文小姐慢慢地在我的手上拼出了“ｄ-o-l-l”（玩偶娃娃）这个词。我一下子便对这

种手指游戏产生了兴趣，而且试着模仿它。当我终于正确地拼出了这几个字母时，内心充满了孩子气

的喜悦和自豪。我跑到楼下找到母亲，伸手拼出了“玩偶娃娃”所含的字母。当时我并不知道我是在拼

一个单词，甚至还不知道有“单词”这么回事；我只是像猴子那样用手指进行模仿。在接下来的几天里，我就这样，虽然并不知词识义，却学会了拼写好些单词。这些词中有“别针”、“帽子”、“杯子”，还有些动词，如“坐”、“站”和“走”。但是等我懂得每样东西都有名字时，已经是我和老师在一起好几个星期

之后的事了。

[6] One day, while I was playing with my new doll, Miss Sullivan put my big rag doll into my lap, also spelled "d-o-l-l" and tried to make me understand that "d-o-l-l" applied to both. Earlier in the day we had had a tussle over the words "m-u-g" and "w-a-t-e-r". Miss Sullivan had tried to impress it upon

me that "m-u-g" is mug and that "w-a-t-e-r" is water, but I persisted in confounding the two. In despair she had dropped the subject[N] for the time, only to[N]renew it at the first opportunity. I became impatient at her repeated attempts and, seizing the new doll, I dashed it upon the floor. I was keenly delighted when I felt the fragments of the broken doll at my feet. Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst. I had not loved the doll. In the still, dark world in which I

lived there was no strong sentiment or tenderness. I felt my teacher sweep the fragments to one

side of the hearth, and I had a sense of satisfaction that the cause of my discomfort was removed. She brought me my hat, and I knew I was going out into the warm sunshine.This thought,

if a wordless sensation may be called a thought, made me hop and skip with pleasure.

一天，我正在玩我的新玩具娃娃，这时，沙利文小姐把我的大布娃娃放在我的膝上，又给我拼了一遍

“ｄ-o-l-l”，想让我懂得“ｄ-o-l-l”这个单词适用于这两件东西。就在当天早些时候，我曾和她因“ｍ-u-g”和“ｗ-a-t-e-r”这两个词发生过争执。沙利文小姐想让我记住“ｍ-u-g”是“大杯”，而“ｗ-a-t-e-r”是“水”，但我却总是把这两个词的意思给弄混。失望之余她暂时搁起这一话题，但一有机会她就马上旧事重提。我

却对她一遍又一遍的努力感到忍无可忍，于是就抓起新的玩具娃娃，狠狠地砸在了地板上。当我感觉

到脚边摔碎的玩具娃娃时，产生了一种强烈的快感。在这种强烈的情感发泄之后，我没有一丝伤感或

懊悔之情。我从没有喜欢过那个玩具娃娃。在我所生活的那个无声、黑暗的世界里是没有柔情或情感

的。我感觉到老师已把碎片扫到了壁炉炉床的一边，此时我有一种满足感，因为让我不快的东西已不

复存在了。她给我拿来了草帽，我知道我将要走出屋子，到温暖的阳光下。一想到这（如果一种无法

用言语表达的感觉也可以称为想法的话），我便高兴得又蹦又跳。

[7] We walked down the path to the well-house, attracted by the fragrance of the honeysuckle with which it was covered. Some one was drawing water and my teacher placed my hand under the spout. As the cool stream gushed over one hand she spelled into the other the word "water",

first slowly, then rapidly. I stood still, my whole attention fixed upon the motions of her fingers. Suddenly, I felt a misty consciousness as of something forgotten—a thrill of returning thought; and somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me. I knew then that "w-a-t-e-r"

meant the wonderful cool something that was flowing over my hand. That living word awakened my

soul, gave it light, hope, joy, set it free! There were barriers still, it is true, but barriers that could in time[N] be swept away.

我们沿着小路来到了井房，井房上布满了忍冬，它的芳香深深地吸引了我们。有人正在抽水，老师把

我的一只手放到了喷水口下方。凉爽的水流过我的一只手，这时她在我的另一只手上拼写了“水”这个词。开始她拼得很慢，接着拼得很快。我站在那儿一动不动，所有的注意力都集中在她手指的移动上。刹那间，我朦胧地意识到了些什么，仿佛记起了被久久遗忘的什么东西——那是一种恢复思维的激动。不知怎的，语言的奥秘一下子展现在我的面前。这时我明白了“ｗ-a-t-e-r”指的就是从我手上流过的那美妙无比的凉爽的东西。这活生生的字眼唤醒了我沉睡的灵魂，赋予了它光明、希望和喜悦，使它获

得了自由！诚然，障碍依然存在，但那是一些假以时日终究会被消除的障碍。

[8] I left the well-house eager to learn. Everything had a name, and each name gave birth to a new thought. As we returned to the house every object which I touched seemed to quiver with life. That was because I saw everything with the strange, new sight that had come to me. On entering the

door I remembered the doll I had broken.[N] I felt my way to the hearth and picked up the pieces. I

tried vainly to put them together. Then my eyes filled with tears; for I realized what I had done, and

for the first time I felt repentance and sorrow.

我离开井房，心中充满了求知的欲望。万物皆有名，而每个名字又引申出一种新的概念。在我们回家

的路上，我感到我触摸到的每件东西似乎都有生机。那是因为我在用刚刚赋予我的新奇的眼光看待每

样东西。进门时我记起了那个被我摔破的娃娃。我摸索着来到了炉床边，捡起那些碎片，试着把它们

拼接在一起，但却徒劳无益。这时我的眼里满是泪水，因为我意识到了自己先前干了些什么，而且有

生以来第一次感到了悔恨和难过。

[9] I learned a great many new words that day. I do not remember what they all were; but I do know

that mother,father, sister, teacher were among them—words that were to make the world blossom

for me, "like Aaron's rod[N], with flowers". It would have been difficult to find a happier child than I

was as I lay in my crib at the close of that eventful day and lived over the joys it had brought me, and for the first time longed for a new day to come. ( 1,046 words)

那天我学会了很多新词。现在我已记不清都是些什么词了，但我还记得其中有“妈妈、爸爸、姐妹、老师”。这些词使得整个世界在我面前绽放，“有如亚伦的神杖，开满了鲜花”。在这个重要的日子快要结束时，已很难找到一个比我更加幸福的孩子了。我躺在自己的小床上，回味着这一天所给予我的

欣喜，渴望着新的一天的到来。这是我有生以来从未有过的期盼。

Aggression in Humans and Animals

(人和动物的好斗性)

Man must be the most aggressive and cruel of all living creatures. We may say a violent man is behaving "like a beast", but, in fact, no beast behaves as violently as man. When a territorial animal[N] or bird intrudes on the territory of another creature of the same species, the

latter will only perform some hostile gestures to warn off the intruder. Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of submission.[N] Normally one animal will only kill another for food, and rarely does an animal kill a member of its own species.

人类肯定是所有动物中最好斗和最残忍的。我们会说暴徒的行为“像野兽”，然而事实上，没有任何一种动物像人类那样残暴。当地盘性的动物或鸟类侵入别的同类动物的领地时，后者只会做一些表示敌意的姿态以吓跑入侵者。而且，万一有争斗，任何一方都不会受重伤，因为败方只要做出姿态表示投

降便可保全性命。一般情况下，动物之间只会为了争食而杀戮，同类动物之间自相残杀是极少见的。

[2] If, however, an animal finds itself in abnormal conditions, it may show abnormal aggressiveness. A tiger that once came out of the jungle into a village and attacked a man

was later found to have an injured paw that had evidently prevented it from hunting its usual prey. If

it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in

the customary way.[N] Animals in zoos are kept in cages and often become more aggressive than

they would be in the wild.[N] If the caged lion, for example, were free to wander on the grassy plains of Africa, it would be continually active, ranging over long distances, hunting in family groups.[N] In the zoo it is probably better fed and cared for, but it is evidently bored and frustrated for lack of company[N].

然而，如果动物发现自己处于异常环境下，它会表现出不同寻常的攻击性。有一只老虎从丛林跑到村

庄来，袭击了人。后来人们发现原来它的爪子受了伤，使它显然不能像平时那样去猎食。如果不是受

了伤，这只虎毫无疑问还会呆在丛林里，并像往常那样去猎取食物。关在动物园笼子里的动物，往往

会比在野外时更加好斗。比如说，关在笼子里的狮子一旦能自由自在地徜徉在非洲的大草原上，那么

它会一直活力充沛，长途跋涉，与家族同类一起追捕食物。在动物园里，也许它吃得更好，能得到精

心的照料，但是，由于离群索居，它显然会感到倦怠，情绪沮丧。

[3] Some zoologists and psychologists compare modern man to[N] a caged lion. Living conditions

in crowded cities, they say, are similar to those of animals in a zoo and make the inhabitants unusually aggressive. If the human population had not increased so rapidly, people

would have had more space and freedom.[N] In prehistoric times a group of about 60 people had many kilometres of empty land to wander and search for food in. If conditions had remained thus,

man might have been no more aggressive than his fellow creatures. As it is, it is possible for as many as 30,000 people to be working in a single office-building. It is not surprising if in these conditions people behave aggressively towards each other. In fact, it is almost impossible for them

to behave otherwise[N]. Man must have become more aggressive over the years as the world population has increased.

一些动物学家和心理学家把现代人比喻成笼子里的狮子。他们认为，人们生活在拥挤不堪的城市里，

生活条件与动物园里的动物很相似，这种状况使得这些居民特别地好斗。如果人口增长速度不是这样快，人们就会有更多的空间和自由。在史前时代，60人左右的群体会有数公里的空间来活动和觅食。

假如现在还有这样的条件，人类就不会比其他动物更加好斗。实际情况是，在同一栋办公大楼里工作

的人，有可能多达3万人。在这种条件下，人们之间变得寻衅好斗也就不足为奇了。实际上，要他们

不这样几乎是不可能的。这些年来，随着世界人口的增长，人类肯定是更加好斗了。

[4] However, aggression in itself[N] is not necessarily a bad thing. Some psychologists believe that aggression is a basic human instinct that must be satisfied. If constructive[N] means are not available to satisfy this instinct, man will turn to destructive means. The impulse to assert himself has enabled him to survive in a dangerous world, but, ironically, he is now likely to destroy his own

species unless alternative, non-violent ways of expressing aggression can be found. In fact, it is

growing more and more difficult for people to assert themselves as individuals, as towns, nations

and organizations become steadily bigger, with authority increasingly centralized and remote.[N] A man who may once have been a self-employed craftsman, master of his own trade, might now have

a boring jo

b in a factory. A small firm that once worked as a team to produce high-quality goods is

likely to be absorbed into a vast organization where their work is mechanical and there is no possibility for personal expression. Unable in these conditions to channel[N]their aggression into creative work, people will probably express it through resentment and anger. At the international

level an accumulation of hostile emotions finally finds expression

in large-scale impersonal warfare. A man who would hesitate to hit another person in front of his eyes may kill thousands of people by dropping a bomb from a plane; to him they are too remote to

be human beings, but are merely figures on a chart of his routine job.

然而，好斗本身并不一定是坏事。一些心理学家认为好斗是一种必须得到满足的基本的人类本能。如

果没有建设性的手段来满足这一本能，人类就会采用破坏性的手段。人类要坚持自己的权利和主张的

冲动使其能够在这充满危险的世界上生存下来；然而，具有讽刺意义的是，人类有可能自我毁灭，除

非能找到其他非暴力的、能发泄其好斗本性的办法。实际上，人类作为个体要想坚持自己的权利和主

张已经越来越困难了，因为城镇、国家以及组织机构变得越来越庞大，而权力则变得越发集中，越发

遥远了。一个人也许曾经是个体手工业者，而且还是本行业的能工巧匠，而现在却可能在工厂里干着

单调乏味的工作。一家小公司曾经团结合作生产出高质量产品，而现在可能被并入了一家大机构，员

工的工作很机械，也没有自我发挥的机会了。在这样的条件下，人们无法将自己争强好斗的特性发挥

在创造性的工作上，很可能就表现出怨恨、愤怒等情绪。在国与国之间，敌对情绪的日积月累最终会

以大规模的没有人性的战争形式爆发出来。一个不大愿意对他面前的人拔拳相向的人，也许会从飞机上投下一枚炸弹导致成千上万的人死亡；对于他来说，那些人太遥远，已不算是人了，仅仅是他日常

工作报表上的数字而已。

[5] Nevertheless, it might be possible at least to improve the situation. The encouragement of competition in all possible fields should tend to diminish the likelihood of war rather than increase it. In his book Human Aggression, Anthony Storr suggested that the United Nations[N] should organize international competitions in sports and also for the best designed house or hospital, or

the safest car. Even the enormous amount of money and energy devoted to the space race[N] is, he says, to be welcomed, for this kind of competition can be regarded as similar to the ritual conflicts of animals. Only if hostility and aggression can be expressed in constructive activity and non-violent competition, will the human race be able to survive.[N]( 761 words)

然而，这种状况至少还是能够得到改善的。鼓励所有可能领域中的竞争，应该会逐渐减少而不是增加

战争的可能性。安东尼?斯托尔在他的《人类的好斗性》一书中，建议联合国组织国际性体育比赛，

还可以开展诸如最佳房屋或医院设计、最安全汽车竞赛等活动。他说，甚至那些把大量的财力和人力

用于太空竞赛的做法，也是值得欢迎的，因为这种竞争与动物之间惯常的冲突类似。只有将人类的敌

意和好斗通过建设性活动和非暴力的竞争方式发挥出来，人类才能继续生存下去。

Transformative Travel(新生之旅)

Twenty-five years ago I felt like a wreck.Although I was just 23, my life already seemed over.The future appeared as much like a wasteland as the emptiness I could see while looking back to the past. I felt lost, without choices, without hope.

25年前我感觉自己成了废物。尽管那时我只有23岁，但我的生活似乎到了尽头。我的未来看起来好

似荒漠，就像回顾过去时，看到的是一片空虚。我感到迷茫，毫无选择余地，毫无希望可言。

[2] I was stuck in a job I hated and trapped in an engagement with a woman I didn't love. At the time, both commitments seemed like a good idea, but I suppose it was the fantasy of being a successful, married businessman that appealed to me far more than the reality.[N]

我当时被困在两件事中：做着一份我憎恨的工作并与一个我并不爱的女人订有婚约。当初，两个承诺

都好像是不错的主意，但是我想吸引我的只是成为一个成功的已婚商人的幻想，而远非现实。

[3] I decided to take a class just for the entertainment value. It happened to be an introductory counseling course, one that involved personal sharing in the group.[N] We were challenged to make commitments publicly about things we would like to change in our lives, and in

a moment of pure impulsiveness, I declared that by the next class meeting I was going to quit my

job and end my engagement.

我决定进修一门课程，仅仅为了好玩而已。这刚好是一门咨询入门课程，需要个人参与到集体中去。

（这门课程）要求我们对生活中要进行的变动做出公开承诺。出于一时冲动，我宣布在下次上课之前，

我会辞去工作并解除婚约。

[4] A few days later I found myself[N]unemployed and unattached, excited by the freedom, yet terrified about what to do next.[N] I needed some kind of transition from my old life to a new one, a sort of ritual[N]that would help me to transform myself from one person into another. So I did something just as impulsive as my previous actions: I booked a trip for a week in Aruba[N].

几天后，我失业了，也解除了婚约，为获得的自由而兴奋，但又因为不知道下一步做什么而惶恐。我

需要某种从旧生活到新生活的转变，一种有助于我从一种人转型为另一种人的（必不可少的）程序。

于是我做了一件与我前面的行为同样冲动的事情：我预定了到阿鲁巴岛为期一周的旅行。

[5] In spite of what others might have thought, I was not running away from something but to something[N]. I wanted a clean break[N], and I knew I needed to get away from my usual environment and influences so as to think clearly about where I was headed.

不管别人会有什么样的想法，但是我并不是在逃避现实，而是在追求未来。我想有一个彻底的决裂，

而且我知道我需要离开自己熟悉的环境，摆脱原来的影响，以便考虑清楚自己将何去何从。

[6] Once settled into my room on the little island of Aruba, I began my process of self-change. I really could have been anywhere as long as nobody could reach me by phone and I had the peace

and quiet to think about what I wanted to do. I spent the mornings going for long walks on the beach,

the afternoons sitting under my favorite tree, reading books and listening to tapes.[N] Probably most important of all[N], I forced myself to get out of my room and go to meet people. Ordinarily shy, I now decided that I was someone who was perfectly capable of having a conversation with anyone I chose. Since nobody knew the "real" me, the way I had always been, I felt free to be completely

different.

在阿鲁巴小岛上的房间里一安顿下来，我就开始了自我改变的进程。其实只要没人能打电话找到我，让我能平静安宁地思考我想做的事，我到哪里去都可以。上午我在海滩上长时间地散步，下午

则坐在我喜爱的树下看书、听录音磁带。最重要的也许是我强迫自己走出房间去与别人交往。平常我

很腼腆，但这时我确信自己是一个完全能和任何人交谈的人。因为没人了解“真实的”我，知道我过去的样子，所以，我感到自己可以自由自在，一改常态。

[7] It took me almost a year to pay off[N] that trip, but I am convinced that my single week in Aruba

was worth three years in therapy[N]. That trip started a number of processes that helped me to transform myself.This is how I did it:

我用了将近一年的时间才付清那趟旅行的费用，但是我相信在阿鲁巴岛上仅仅一周的效果就相当于三

年的治疗。那次旅行启动了一系列有助于自我转变的过程。以下是我具体的做法：

[8] I created a mindset that made me ready for change. I expected that big things were on the horizon, that a trip such as this could change my life. I believed with all my heart that I could change, if only I could find a quiet place to sort things out and experiment with new ways of thinking and acting.

我让自己在精神状态上做好了转变的准备。我期待重大的事情将会来临，期待这样的旅行会改变我的

生活。我真心实意地相信我会转变，只要我能找一个安静的地方来理清头绪，来尝试新的思维和行事

方法。

[9] I insulated myself from the usual influences in my life and the people whose approval was most important. One of the reasons that therapy often takes so long is that, once you leave the safety

and support of a session[N], you reenter the world where familiar people elicit the familiar reactions. By separating myself from others' approval and influences, I was able to think more clearly about what I really wanted.

我使自己摆脱了那些常常对我生活会有影响的事，远离那些非要得到其首肯的人。治疗之所以往往需

要很长的时间，原因之一是，一旦给予你安全感和帮助的一个疗程结束后，你重新又回到了原来的世

界，那儿你的熟人会诱使你重蹈覆辙。通过把自己置身于别人的肯定和影响之外，我能对自己真正想

要的东西有更加清楚的认识。

[10] I structured my time in order to produce change and growth. Solitude, isolation, or new environments in themselves are not enough; you must also complete tasks that are relaxing and educational. The most important part of any therapy is not what you understand or what you talk

about, but what you do. Insight without action is entertaining but not always helpful. Instead of reading novels and calling home regularly, I took the time to participate in different activities that would make me change.

我把时间安排好，以便使自己开始转变并取得进展。仅仅依靠独居、隔绝、或者全新的环境是不够的；你还必须完成那些轻松而又能使自己受教育的任务。任何一种疗法的关键不在于你领悟到什么或谈论

了什么，而在于你做了什么。未付诸行动的认识固然可喜，但往往无助于事。我没有把时间花在看小

说和定期给家里打电话上面，而是花在能促使我自我转变的种种活动之中。

[11] I pushed myself to experiment with new ways of being[N]. I sampled alternative lifestyles and pretended to be a different person. I acted in unfamiliar ways just to see how it felt.[N] Whatever I would usually do in various circumstances, I forced myself to do the opposite. This reinforced the

idea that anything was possible, that I could do anything I wanted.[N]

我敦促自己尝试新的生存方式。我体验不同的生活方式，佯装自己是另一个人。我采用有别于从前的

行为方式来体验自己的感受。同时，在各种情况下，不管我通常会怎样做，我总是迫使自己反其道而

行之。这进一步坚定了我的想法：世上无难事，只要我想要做的事，我都能够做到。

[12] I made public commitments of what I intended to do so it would be harder to back down. There were times when[N] I wanted to avoid doing those things I found most frightening. Until this trip, I had never traveled to a strange place deliberately alone. Whenever I thought about taking safe routes, I imagined that I would soon have to face my classmates and that I would have to explain my actions

to them.[N]

我就自己想做的事情做公开的承诺，这样我就没有退缩的余地了。对于那些让我非常害怕的事情，我

有过想回避不干的念头。在这次旅行之前，我从没有特地一个人外出旅行过。每当我想走保险棋的时

候，我就会想到马上不得不面对我的同学，要对自己的行为做出解释。

[13] I processed my experiences systematically. I wrote in a journal each day and spoke to people I met about what I was doing and why. When I returned, I talked to several people I trusted about

what had taken place. Each of them offered a different perspective that I valued and found useful in incorporating the experience into my life.

我系统地分析我的经历。我每天写旅行日记，并且告诉我遇到的人自己正在做什么以及为什么这样做。

旅行归来之后，我和几个我信任的人谈论所发生的事情。他们中的每个人都有独到的见解，这些见解

都弥足珍贵，而且我发现他们的见解有助于我把这种经历融入到我生活中去。

[14] I made changes when I returned that continued the transformation that started while I was in Aruba. It is easier to make changes when you are away from home than to maintain the changes

after you return. To make sure[N] I didn't slip back into old patterns, I immediately made new decisions about my work and my relationships that kept me moving forward.

我回来后做了一些改变，是我能够把在阿鲁巴岛上开始的自我改造继续下去。当你离家在外时做些改变比较容易，而回来后要保持这些变化就难了。为了保证自己不重新回到老路上去，回来后我马上对

自己的工作和与他人的关系做出了新的决定，这些决定会继续推动我前进。

[15] I decided that much of my future traveling would have some transformative dimension to it. Although it is possible to make extraordinary progress in a single week, transformative change

takes place over a lifetime. I promised myself that I would make other trips from time to time in order

to continue my growth. ( 987 words)

我决定我将来的很多旅行将会具有自我改造的意义。尽管在短短的一星期之内也可能取得惊人的进

展，但是自我改造的过程将贯穿于一生之中。我向自己保证我将不时地去旅行，以便不断取得进步。

Twins, Genes, and Environment

(基因、环境与双胞胎)

[1] Heredity or environment: which is stronger? The potentials which a person is born with determine in some way what he will do in life. Therefore heredity is fate, a kind of predestination.However, genes do not work in a vacuum; as soon as we begin considering the role that they play in the development of the individual, we see that there can be no development

without the interacting environment. No characteristic is caused exclusively by either environment

or genes.

遗传与环境究竟哪一个影响更大呢? 从某种程度上讲，一个人生来具有的潜力将决定他一生的作为。

因此遗传即命运，是命中注定的东西。然而，基因并不是在真空中发挥作用的；一旦我们开始认识到

基因在个人发展中所起的作用，我们就会明白，没有与其相互作用的环境，就不可能有任何个人的发

展。没有一个特点是完全由环境或者完全由基因造成的。

[2] The relative effects of heredity and environment are most clearly observable in identical twins. Most identical twins are raised together and are remarkably alike in both appearance and behavior. These cases demonstrate that individuals with

the same genes, when raised in the same environment, will respond to it in much the same way. They do not indicate what would happen if these identical individuals were raised separately. 遗传和环境的相对影响在同卵双胞胎中最易观察到。大多数的同卵双胞胎是在一起抚养长大的，因而无论在外表还是行为上都惊人地相像。这些实例证明，若在同样的环境中抚养成长，具有相同基因的

个体就会以几乎同样的方式对环境作出反应。但这些例子并不能说明如果把这些同卵双胞胎分开抚养

会发生什么情况。

[3] A number of studies have been made of identical twins raised apart. The twins who were the

subjects of these studies lived in America, were raised in much the same physical environments,

and experienced much the same nutritional histories[N]. Therefore, as one might expect, they maintained the closest resemblance to each other in physical appearance, height, and weight. Exceptions occurred when one twin had developed a rather severe illness and the other had not; but on the whole everyone is impressed by the great psychological and physical likenesses that exist between identical twins, even those who have been separated from infancy[N].[N]

对分开抚养的同卵双胞胎已进行了许多研究。被研究的这些双胞胎都生活在美国，成长的自然环境几乎相同，并且具有几乎相同的营养史。因而，正如所料，他们在外表、身高和体重上极其相似。但也

有例外：一对双胞胎中的一个患了相当严重的疾病而另一个却没生病；但是总体而言，同卵双胞胎，

甚至从婴儿时就分离的同卵双胞胎，在心理和身体上会如此相似，给每个人留下了深刻的印象。

[4] In a study of nineteen sets of twins who had been separated from birth, investigators found that in approximately two thirds of the sets there were no more significant differences than existed among unseparated pairs of twins.[N] This strongly suggests the power of the genes and the limitation of the effect of environment. However, it must be remembered that, although the identical

twins who were studied lived in different families far removed[N] from each other, the environments

in those families were not, on the whole,substantially different. Usually every effort would be made

to put each child in a home with a background similar to that of its own family, and therefore it should not be surprising to find that the twins developed similarly. But in those cases in which there

had been a greater difference in the environments of the separated twins, the differences between

the twins were more substantial. The following case illustrates what happens to identical twins when they are brought up in contrasting environments.

在对从一出生就分离的19对双胞胎的研究中，研究者发现，其中约三分之二的双胞胎之间的差异与

一起长大的双胞胎之间的差异一样不明显。这有力地说明了基因的影响力和环境作用的局限性。然而，必须记住的是，尽管被研究的同卵双胞胎生活在不同家庭里且相距甚远，但总体而言，那些家庭的环

境基本上没有什么差异。人们通常都会千方百计地将每个孩子安置在和他自己原来的家庭背景相同的

家庭里，因而发现这些双胞胎成长中有不少相似之处就不足为奇了。但是在那些分开抚养的双胞胎的

生长环境有较大差异的实例中，双胞胎之间的差异就很大。下面的例子说明了在对比度很大的环境中

成长的同卵双胞胎的情况。

[5] Gladys and Helen were born in a small Ohio town and were separated at about eighteen months

of age. They did not meet again until they were twenty-eight years old. Helen had been adopted

twice. Her first foster parents had proved[N] to be unstable, and Helen had been returned to the orphanage after a couple of years; after several months she was again adopted, by a farmer and

his wife who lived in southeastern Michigan. This was her home for the next twenty-five years. Her second foster-mother, though she had had few educational advantages herself[N], was determined that Helen should receive a good education; Helen eventually graduated from college, taught school for twelve years, married at twenty-six, and had a daughter.

格拉迪丝和海伦出生于俄亥俄州的一个小镇，在大约十八个月大时被分开抚养。她们直到28岁才再次相遇。海伦被领养了两次。由于她最初的养父母靠不住，两年后海伦又被送回到孤儿院。过了几个

月，她再一次被住在密歇根东南部的一对农场主夫妇领养。此后25年她一直住在那里。她的第二个

养母尽管本身没受过什么教育，却下决心要让海伦得到良好的教育；海伦最终大学毕业，教了12年的书，26岁时结婚，并有了一个女儿。

[6] Gladys was adopted by a Canadian railroad conductor and his wife. When she was in the third

grade, the family moved to a rather isolated part of the Canadian Rockies[N], where there were no schools, and Gladys' formal education came to an end, and was not resumed until the family moved to Ontario[N]. She stayed at home and did housework until she was seventeen, and then

went to work in a knitting mill. She went to Detroit[N] at nineteen, got a job, and married when she

was twenty-one.

格拉迪丝被加拿大的一个列车乘务员及其妻子领养。她读三年级的那一年，全家搬到了加拿大落基山

脉一带一个相当偏僻的地方，那儿没有学校，格拉迪丝的正式教育也就此结束，直到全家搬到安大略

省后才得以继续。于是格拉迪丝就呆在家里干家务，一直到她17岁，随后在一家针织厂工作。19岁那年她去了底特律，找到一份工作，21岁时结了婚。

[7] Helen had been healthier than Gladys, in childhood and adulthood, but other than that, their environments had been very similar except[N] for their education. Their weight, height, hair color,

and teeth were very similar. The differences that distinguished them were obviously associated with

the different social lives they had led.

海伦在儿童和成年时期都一直比格拉迪丝健康，但除了这一点以及各自所受的教育不同之外，她们的生活环境十分相似。她们的体重、身高、发色和牙齿都十分相似。她们之间的区别显然与她们各自的

社交生活不同有关。

[8] Helen was confident, graceful, made the most of her personal appearance, and

showed considerable polish and ease in social relationships. Gladys was shy, self-conscious, quiet

and without charming or graceful manners. A scientist who studied them remarked, "As an advertisement for a college education the contrast between these two twins should be quite effective[N]."

海伦自信、举止得体、充分利用了她外表的优势，在社交中也显得很从容、有修养。格拉迪丝则害羞、忸怩，沉默寡言，缺乏迷人或优雅的风度。一位研究她们的科学家曾经说过：“这两个双胞胎之间的悬殊差异真可谓是大学教育的颇有说服力的广告。”

[9] Considering the nature of their environmental experiences, the differences in Helen and Gladys

are not surprising. Since psychological traits depend so much upon experience, it is to be expected

that they will reflect it. On the other hand, traits that are not liable to be influenced by the environment are more likely to exhibit a high degree of similarity in identical twins. Important as they

are[N], genes alone are never absolutely responsible for any trait. What we can do is set by the genes, but what we actually do is largely determined by the environment. ( 823 words)

考虑到她们在环境方面的经历的本质不同，海伦和格拉迪丝之间的差异也就不足为怪了。由于心理特点在很大程度上取决于经历，可想而知心理特点也反映经历。另一方面，那些不易受环境影响的特点

更有可能在同卵双胞胎中表现出高度的相似性。尽管基因十分重要，但是基因本身决不能完全决定任

何一个特点。我们的能力会达到什么程度由基因注定，而我们真正做了什么则主要由环境决定。

Music to Your Gears(音乐与开车)

[1] Music may soothe the savage breast[N] but it can also damage your health when you are at the wheel. Recent research suggests that loud music seriously affects a driver's concentration and psychologists have warned[N] that such music, blasting away[N] inside a car, can be dangerous, especially in traffic queues or on motorways.

尽管音乐能使心中的怒气平息，但是开车时听音乐也会损害你的健康。近期研究表明，听声音很响的

音乐会严重地影响司机的注意力，而且心理学家也提醒人们，持续大音量地在车里放这种音乐是很危

险的，尤其是处于车流中或是在高速公路上开车时。

[2] There are two extremes in music, both of which can result in[N] risk[N]. Heavy metal[N], with its strong beat, leads to aggressive driving while, at the other end of the spectrum[N], soothing, melodious music relaxes a driver beyond[N] a safe limit of awareness and into a sleepy haze of inattention.

音乐有两个极端，任何一个极端都有可能带来危险。重金属音乐以其强烈的节奏使人莽撞驾驶，而聆

听处于另一个极端的优美而令人舒心的音乐会使司机过分放松，以至于超过安全限度，陷入迷糊状态。

[3] The British Automobile Association[N], which is concerned with road safety, commissioned research into the relationship between serious accidents and music. It found

that men in the 17—25 age bracket were the most dangerous and accident-prone group. It also found that this group listens to music seventy percent of the time it is on the move[N].

英国汽车协会一直关注道路安全，它委托搞了一个项目，研究重大车祸与音乐之间的关系。这项研究

发现，17至25年龄段的男性是最危险、最易产生车祸的群体。研究还发现，这个群体的人70％的开车时间都在听音乐。

[4] Up tempo[N], or heavy metal music, played loudly, can bring on a belligerent attitude. The driving style becomes aggressive and the driver is more apt to take risks. The pace of the driving is governed by the pace and beat of the music.

快节奏或重金属音乐要是放得很响，会使人易怒好斗，开起车来冲劲十足。这种司机也就更容易去冒

险。开车的速度受到了音乐的速度和节奏的控制。

[5] In trials, volunteer drivers subjected to[N] loud music said that, although they didn't necessarily

feel inclined to drive faster, they did[N] find themselves making faster gear changes, accelerating more quickly and braking more abruptly. The same drivers, when subjected to slow ballads, admitted that they often found their attention wandering and, during a long motorway journey, at least two of the participants found themselves unconsciously wandering across lane markings[N].

在试验中，那些自愿参加实验的司机说，听了声音很响的音乐，他们说尽管他们不一定感到非要开快

车，但的确发现自己换挡更快，加速更快，刹车也更急了。若是让这些司机听慢节奏的抒情曲，他们

承认自己经常走神。在一次高速公路长途驾驶过程中，至少有两位参加试验的司机发现自己在不知不

觉中跨越了车道标志。

[6] The comments made by the volunteer drivers, some of whom were newly qualified,[N] were very revealing. Simon, eighteen, told the AA, "The fast rock track[N] out of Bat Out Of Hell [N] is potentially lethal. I found myself going faster and faster without even realizing it."

这些自愿参试的司机（有些刚刚拿到驾驶执照）所发表的意见非常说明问题。18岁的西蒙告诉英国汽车协会：“《走出地狱的蝙蝠》里的快节奏摇滚乐有可能让人送命。我发现自己不知不觉地越开越

快。”

[7] Another volunteer, who had been listening to ZZ Top's[N] greatest hits, said, "I was speeding along singing at the top of my voice[N] and didn't see or hear the fire engine that was trying to overtake me."

另一名自愿参试的司机一直在听“ZZ顶级”乐队最流行的曲子。他说：“我一直在快速行驶，扯着嗓门

唱歌，没有看见也没有听见那辆一直想超过我的消防车。”

[8] Other comments included: "I get lost in my own thoughts...", "It's possible to suffer a dulling of the senses...", "Not hearing other vehicles is a problem" and "I was revving the engine in time to the beat."

还有些人说：“我陷入了深思……”，“人的感觉会变得麻木……”，“听不见别的汽车声是个问题”，“我一直在随着音乐的节奏加快速度。”

[9] Slower, more ambient tracks[N] like Chopin[N] stimulate a change in a person's brain pattern, encouraging alpha waves and inducing a feeling of well-being[N]. A state of relaxation might be good for us at most other times, but not at the wheel of the car. Psychologist Professor Shirley Fisher warned: "The greatest danger is fatigue at the wheel. Some music can lull you into concentration loss, or even mini-sleep[N], which can cause horrific accidents."

一些慢节奏的背景音乐，如肖邦的音乐，会刺激人的大脑，使思维模式发生变化，激发阿尔法脑波，

使人有一种舒服愉快的感觉。处于放松状态在大多数时候对我们有好处，但开车时则不然。心理学家

雪利·费希尔教授提醒人们说：“最大的危险是疲倦驾驶。有一些音乐会使你无法集中注意力，甚至陷

入轻度睡眠状态，那样就会造成可怕的惨祸。”

[10] "It's a matter of selecting your music to suit the conditions. Stimulating music can be useful on

long, boring roads but when traffic conditions are difficult, or traffic is heavy, it can distract you."

“问题的关键在于根据具体情况选择合适的音乐。刺激性的音乐适合在漫长、枯燥的道路上听，但是

当交通状况糟糕时，或是交通拥挤时，这种音乐会分散你的注意力。”

[11] There is, however, an up side[N], as AA psychologist Dr Robert West pointed out: "If some music affects our ability to drive safely, then the reverse is also true. Carefully selected tracks may improve our driving, particularly in the high risk groups. For instance, if we could get young male

drivers to listen to Mantovani[N], they would probably slow down. Sadly, I don't think I could persuade many of them to listen, though."

然而，音乐也有其好的一面，正如英国汽车协会的心理学家罗伯特·韦斯特所指出的那样：“如果说有些音乐影响我们安全行驶，那么反过来也是有道理的。精心选择的曲子有助于我们安全行驶，尤其是

对高风险的群体而言。例如，要是我们能使年轻的男性驾车者听曼托瓦尼的音乐，他们很可能会把速

度放慢。但可悲的是，我自认为没有能力说服他们许多人去这样做。”

[12] As well as the type of the music affecting road safety, the very[N] fact that we have high-tech music systems built into our cars also causes accidents. A recent traffic and road

safety report showed that almost forty percent of minor road accidents were caused by people taking their eyes off the road to change a cassette or disc!

除了一些音乐会影响行驶安全，我们的车里安装了高技术的音响系统这件事本身也是引起车祸的根

源。近期一份有关交通与道路安全的报告表明，小交通事故中，有大约40％是由于人们更换磁带或

光盘不看道路所引起的！

[13] Whatever our taste in music, or driving style, it looks as if safe driving habits are forced on us

[N] in the future. Rover[N], British Aerospace, Philips[N] and Sweden's Road and Traffic Research Institute have combined to produce a car intelligence system that they have named ARIADNE (Application of Real-Time Intelligent Aid for Driving[N]), a sophisticated electronic combined navigation-carphone-collision avoidance system[N] that takes advantage of radar to warn the driver when a collision is possible.

无论我们对音乐的品位如何，无论我们的开车风格如何，看来安全行驶的习惯是我们一定要

养成的。罗孚汽车公司、英国航空航天局、飞利浦公司及瑞典道路与交通研究所已通力合作生产出

了一种汽车智能系统——简称为ARIADNE（实时智能驾驶助理）的精密电子防撞行驶报警装置。它

利用雷达技术，一旦面临撞车危险，雷达会使车内的电话响起，警告司机注意。

[14] If the car ceases to be at a safe braking distance from the one in front, ARIADNE sends

a vibration through the accelerator pedal to warn the driver to slow down. The vibration becomes

more and more severe the closer the car gets to the vehicle in front until, if the warnings go unheeded[N], the engine cuts out and the hazard warning lights go on.

如果汽车与前面的车辆之间的距离超出了安全刹车的范围，ARIADNE会通过加速器踏板发出震动以

提醒司机放慢速度。随着两车之间的距离不断缩小，这种震荡会越来越强烈。要是司机对这种警告仍

然无动于衷的话，发动机的运转就会中断，危险警告灯就亮起来。

[15] So remember, if music be the food of love[N], do it slowly, especially if you're driving, then we

can all "play" on.[N]( 788 words)

因此千万要记住：即便音乐是爱的食物，你也要悠着点，尤其是在你开车的时候，这样我们大家才可

以继续“播放”下去。

A Diary of the Century(世纪日记)

[1] How do I feel upon[N] becoming 50 years old? Surprised. Surprised[N] that I should[N] live so long.Surprised that it should seem so short.Surprised that I am not famous.Surprised that I should

be surprised because I am not famous.

年届50，我的感觉如何呢？惊奇。惊奇的是我竟然活了这么长。惊奇的是50年竟然会这么短。惊奇的是我默默无闻。惊奇的是我竟然会因为没有成名而感到惊奇。

[2] All my life I have been motivated by curiosity. I wonder why? My mother wasn't curious. Although

my grandfather died before I was born,judging from what I've heard about him, read about him, and from the books he left, I think it is possible that I inherited my curiosity from him. Born in England of

Welsh parents, he came to America alone when he was only 16 years old.

在我一生中，求知欲一直激励着我。我不知道这是为什么。我母亲的求知心不算强。我祖父在我出生

之前就已去世，但是从我所听到的、读到的有关他的轶事和他留下的书来判断，我认为我的求知欲有

可能是从他身上继承来的。祖父出生在英国，父母都是威尔士人，年仅16岁时就只身来到了美国。[3] At the age of 50 my mind is better than ever—surprise, surprise! I can concentrate with the intensity of a beam of sunshine focused through a magnifying glass[N]. Guilt and passion distract[N] my attention far less frequently. Slowly I begin to perceive the relationships among everything I have experienced and read. My analyses and judgments seem sounder than before. My curiosity burns brighter. Problems once mysterious[N] now seem obvious.

到了50岁，我的思维比以往更敏锐了——奇怪，真是奇怪！我能以放大镜聚焦一束太阳光那样的强

度来聚精会神。因为愧疚和激情而无法集中注意力的状况也比以往大为减少。对自己经历过和阅读过的那些事物之间的各种关系我也慢慢地开始理解了。我的分析和判断似乎比以前更为正确。我的求知欲燃烧得更为炽烈。曾经捉摸不定的问题现在变得豁然开朗了。

[4] And yet—! Every new answer breeds[N] a dozen new questions. What I know, compared with

what I do not know, is like a grain of sand by the sea. I am not sure whether there is anything absolute. While[N] I believe I am alive, I am unable to say exactly what this phrase means. Maybe the atoms that make up my body now existed before I was born, and maybe they

will continue to exist after I die.

但是——！每得出一个新答案又会产生十几个新问题。我已知的与未知的相比，就好比沧海一粟。我

不能肯定世间是否有什么确定不变的东西。尽管我相信我还活着，但我无法确切地说出活着这个词的

含义到底是什么。也许现在构成我身体的原子早在我出生以前就已存在，也许它们将在我死后继续存

在着。

[5] A few people consider me egotistical. Actually, I am humble. I was lucky to have been born with a fairly good mind, and I have spent years polishing[N] this instrument I inherited. I'll admit I become impatient when confronted[N]with ignorance. However, I know my limitations even better

than my capabilities. At times I feel discouraged by my own ignorance.

有些人认为我很自负，其实我很谦卑。我很庆幸自己生来就有一个不错的脑袋瓜子，而且这些年来我

一直在磨砺这个继承来的思维工具。我承认面对无知我会急不可耐。然而，我了解自身的弱点，更胜

于我对于自身能力的了解。有时候因为自己无知我会感到灰心丧气。

[6] I can find no meaning in life. I believe that the individual life can be filled with meaning only through love and work of one's choice. My wife is a more valuable person than I because she has an infinitecapacity[N]for loving others. She is a genius at loving. I am a genius at nothing. When

she dies an ocean of tears will flow. I admire her without envying her.

我无法找到生命的意义。我相信一个人的生命只有通过奉献爱心、通过自己选择的工作才能富有意义。我妻子是一个比我更有价值的人，因为她有能力对别人关爱备至，关爱他人是她的天赋。而我什么天

赋都没有。她若一旦谢世，人们必定泪洒成河。我崇敬她，但一点也不嫉妒她。

[7] When I was a boy of 14 I knew I wanted to become a reporter and then an author. Well, now I am an experienced reporter and next fall my first book will be published. The fact that I say first

proves that I am optimistic about my career. I believe that the next decade of my life will become the

most fruitful one.Perhaps my only really valuable creation is this diary.

14岁时，当我还是一个小男孩，我就知道自己想成为一名记者，继而成为一名作家。得，我现在已

是一名颇有阅历的记者了，而且我的第一部作品将在明年秋季出版。我说第一部，这表明我对自己的

事业非常乐观。我相信我生命中接下来的10年将是硕果累累的10年。也许我唯一真正有价值的创

作就是这本日记。

[8] My 10 months of psychoanalysis have helped me learn how to forgive myself. I'm more at peace with myself now than at any time in the past.Nevertheless, I'm aware I haven't identified all my

psychological conflicts, let alone resolved[N]them. Bertrand Russell[N] says there are three major conflicts: 1) Man against his environment; 2) man against man; 3) man against himself. In my opinion, the conflict of man with himself is the most troublesome.

10个月的心理分析帮助我懂得了如何宽恕自己。我对自己比以往任何时候更加心平气和。但是，我

意识到我还没有认清自己所有的心理矛盾，更不用说解决这些矛盾了。伯特兰?罗素说过矛盾冲突主要有三种：1）人与环境；2）人与人；3）人与自己。在我看来，人与自己的矛盾是最棘手的。

[9] Carved on the temple of Delphi[N] was "Know thyself". I think I know myself better than most people because I spend more time studying myself than anything else.A diarist is a writer who watches himself. If I can learn to know myself well, then I'll be able to know others as well.

特尔斐神庙上刻有“了解你自己”这句话。我认为我比大多数人更了解自己，因为我研究自己所花的时

间比研究别的任何事物所花的时间都多。日记作家是一个审视自己的作家。如果我能够学会充分了解自己，那么我就能同样充分地了解别人。

[10] Human beings are more alike than different. By paying close attention to whatever I feel and

think, I can learn what others feel and think. Fortunately, it is the differences among people that make them interesting.

人与人之间可以说是大同小异。密切注意自己的所感所思，我就能体会到他人的所感所思。值得庆幸

的是，正是因为人与人之间有差异才使人们生动有趣。

[11] Now that[N] I've got rid of much of my guilt, now that I am less rigid about what I expect from

myself, I get along better with others because I expect less from them, too. Life hurts. For years I've realized I'm an eccentric, without understanding exactly what I meant by this word. Now I know: An eccentric is one who insists upon being himself regardless of the opinion of others, provided[N] he does not hurt them or himself. If everyone in the world were as eccentric, meaning if everyone accepted himself, there would be no more war.

由于我已摆脱了自身的许多愧疚，不再苛求自己，我就能和别人更加和睦地相处了，因为我对他们的

期望也降低了。生活是苦海。多年来，我一直认为自己是一个性情“怪异”的人，但对于怪异这个词到

底指什么并不理解。现在我明白了：行为怪异的人，只要不伤害到他人或者自己，任凭他人怎么看待，总是我行我素。如果世上所有的人都古怪，也就是说每个人都能接受自己，这个世界就不会有战争了。

[12] Now that I have lived a half-century, do I have any regrets? Sure, I regret that I was slow to

mature. I regret that I did not become a psychoanalyst. Although I am not sorry I decided to become

a journalist, I wish that early on I had chosen to become a therapist. Why? Because nothing fascinates me so much as human nature.[N]

现在我已年过半百，我还有什么遗憾吗？当然有，我遗憾的是我成熟得晚。我遗憾的是我没有成为一

名心理分析学家。尽管我对我决定当一名记者并不感到遗憾，但是我仍觉得要是当初选择当一名治疗

专家就好了。为什么呢？因为最令我感兴趣的是人的本性。

[13] We are left with two frontiers. One is outer space. The other is inner space. While I lack the interest and ability to probe outer space, I'm rather well equipped to probe the mysteries of the human mind. But will I be able to communicate them to others?

我们还有两个未知的领域。一个是外层空间。虽然我缺乏探索外层空间的兴趣与能力，我完全具

有探索人类心灵奥秘的兴趣与能力。但是我能否将这些奥秘传达给别人呢？

[14] My brother, an inventor with several patents, is perhaps the world's leading expert about shock absorbers. But he and I cannot communicate about them. I have no technical knowledge of his specialty. He cannot explain it in simple language. This is an example of the failure of communication between the specialist and the layman. This breakdown is spreading. It is as though nerve endings had lost touch[N]with one another. For lack of communication we may come

to the end of civilization. ( 920 words)

我的兄弟是个发明家，拥有好几项专利，他也许是世界上减震器领域的杰出专家。但是我和他无法进

行有关减震器这个领域的交流。我不具备他这个专业领域的技术知识。他又不能用简单的语言来解释。这就是一个专家与外行之间交流失败的例子。这种失败正在扩散。这就好像神经末梢互相之间失去了联系。如果人与人之间缺乏交流，那么文明将走向消亡。

新编大学英语4课文翻译(包括课后文章翻译)和答案

Reading comprehension 1略 2 BDCAC AADBB Vocabulary 1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer 2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition 3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt 4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason 5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis 6) A. valuable B. valuation C. valued/values D. values 7) A. humorist B. humor C. humorous D. humorless 8) A. understandable B. understanding C. understand D. misunderstood 2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiority 4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency 3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments 4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encouragement 7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/center of attention 10) we buy our tickets in advance 4. 1）certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) individually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) trouble Unit 2 便笺的力量 Reading comprehension 1略 2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFT Vocabulary 1. Creating Compound Words

新概念英语第三册课文及详解第课

新编大学英语Book4第三版课后答案

Unit 1 Vocabulary 1 entertaining / entertainment / entertained /entertainer recognizable / recognized / recognition tempting / temptation / tempt reasoned /reasoning / reasonable / reason analyzed / analytical /analyst /nanlysis valuable / valuation / valued values /value humorist / humor /humorous /humorist understandable /understanding /understand /misunderstand Tanslation 1) Lively behavior is normal_for a four-year-old child. （活泼的举止是正常的） 2) Fast cars appeal to John, but he can’t afford one. （速度快的车对······有吸引力） 3) Dave required a lot of time to study the diverse argument. （多种多样的论据） 4) I asked my boss for clarification, and she explained the project to me again. （我要求我的上司为我解释清楚） 5) Photographic film is very sensitive to light. （对光很敏感） 6) Mutual encouragement can be a great help, especially in the early days. （互相鼓励） 7) Jimmy cried when people made fun of him. （拿他开玩笑） 8) John won’t give up. He persists in his opinion. （坚持他的观点） 9) Ted always wants to be the focus/center of attention. （成为注意的焦点） 10) Is it cheaper if we buy our tickets in advance? （我们提前买票） Unit 2 Translation 1.However the main drawback with this type of search engine (这种搜素引擎的主要缺陷) is its tendency to include too much information. 2. She is very generous with her time（她从不吝惜自己的时间）--- always ready to help other people. 3. You may have known someone else for 20 years and yet they will never be more than a casual acquaintance （他们永远只是泛泛之交）. 4. He doubted that the car was hers （他怀疑这车不是她的）because everyone knew she had no money. 5. It’s impossible to forget such horrible events---they will remain in the memory forever （它们会永远留在记忆中）. 6. In a world too often filled with uncertainties （在这样一个常常充满各种不确定性的世界上）, it is nice to have a safety net, something you can rely on. 7. The earthquake happened a year ahead of the prediction by the research group （比该研究小组的预报提前了一年）, but earthquakes are usually difficult to predict. 8. I don’t mind being awakened once or twice in the middle of the night by my roommate so long as she doesn’t make a habit of it （只要她不养成习惯）. Unit 3 Vocabulary 1.

新概念英语第三册课文及翻译1[1]

Lesson1 A puma at large Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw 'a large cat' only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered（adj.被困得走投无路的）. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of 'cat-like noises' at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from ? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. 美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物，产于美洲。当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。可是，随着证据越来越多，动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查，因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。那里的一位妇女在采摘黑莓时的看见“一只大猫”，离她仅5码远，她刚看见它，它就立刻逃走了。专家证实，美洲狮非被逼得走投无路，是决不会伤人的。事实上搜寻工作很困难，因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮，晚上却在20英里外的乙地发现它的踪迹。无论它走哪儿，一路上总会留下一串死鹿及死兔子之类的小动物，在许多地方看见爪印，灌木丛中发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。有人抱怨说夜里听见“像猫一样的叫声”；一位商人去钓鱼，看见那只美洲狮在树上。专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮，但它是从哪儿来的呢？由于全国动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮，因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏豢养的，不知怎么设法逃出来了。搜寻工作进行了好几个星期，但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜，真令人担心。 Lesson 2 Thirteen equals one Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since. ' One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times before it stopped. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom

Unit 7 The Joy of Travel新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译

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新概念第三册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson60

新概念第三册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson60 【课文】 Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs in civilized society. Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in state of chaos. Only in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it. In ordinary living, there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality. The intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand. He is therefore forgiven if late for a dinner party. But people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine. It is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to waste time, so they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment. If no accidents occur on the way, like punctured tires, diversions of traffic, sudden descent of fog, they will be on time. They are often more industrious, useful citizens than those who are never late. The over-punctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual. The guest who arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest nuisance. Some friends of my family had this irritating habit. The only thing to do was ask them to come half an hour later than the other guests. Then they arrived just when we wanted them. If you are catching a train, it is always better to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minted too late. Although being early may mean wasting a little time, this will be less than if you miss the train and have to wait an hour or more for the next one; and you avoid the frustration

第二版综合教程第三册课文译文及翻译

Unit 1 Cloze ▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from Text A. The initial letter of each is given. ▆ Answers: 1)reliable 2)syndrome 3)adopted 4)got done with 5)gloomy 6)| 7)or something 8)chance 9)come through 10)barely 11)in good shape 12)booth 13)mess 14)scrawled 15)peeking 16)in ' Translation 1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets. ▆Answers for reference: 1)What I didn’t count on was that over time I would sincerely take pride in being a social worker. 2)Shooting a quick look at the clock on the wall, Grandma let out a cry, “Oh, My dear /My goodness/My gracious, we’re going to miss the train!” 3)At the kindergarten entrance, I always see some kids/children holding firmly on to their parents. Should young parents be sterner towards their kids/children and leave immediately under these circumstances 4)In the dim street light stood a weeping little girl/ a girl weeping. 5)When making donations, rich people should be as considerate as possible in order not to put the recipient in an embarrassing situation. 6)Since last month, my work has been revolving around the routine office duties, so now I am counting the days until the National Day comes, when my friends and I are going hiking in the countryside. — 课文参考译文

新编大学英语3 课文翻译及习题答案 unit9

Unit 9 Music In-Class Reading Music to Your Gear 参考译文音乐与开车安迪·埃利斯 1 尽管音乐能使你胸中的怒气平息，但是开车时听音乐也会损害你的健康。近期研究表明，听声音很响的音乐会严重地影响司机的注意力，而且心理学家也提醒人们，不断地在车里放这种音乐是很危险的，尤其是处于车流中或在高速公路上开车时。 2 音乐有两个极端，任何一个极端都有可能带来危险。重金属音乐以其强烈的节奏会使人莽撞驾驶，而聆听处于另一个极端的优美的、令人舒心的音乐，会使司机过分放松，以至于丧失安全意识，陷入迷迷糊糊的欲睡状态。 3 英国汽车协会一直关注道路安全，它委托搞了一个项目，研究严重车祸与音乐之间的关系。这项研究发现，17至25年龄段的男人是最危险、最易产生车祸的群体。研究还发现，这个群体的人70%的开车时间都在听音乐。 4 快节奏或重金属音乐要是放得很响，会使人易怒好斗，开起车来就会冲劲十足，这种司机也就更容易去冒险。开车的速度受到了音乐的速度和节奏的控制。 5 在试验中，给那些自愿参加实验的司机听声音很响的音乐，他们说尽管他们不一定感到非要开快车，但的确发现自己换档更快了，加速也快了，刹车更急了。若是让这些司机听慢节奏的抒情曲，他们承认经常感到自己走神，他们在高速公路上长途开车时，至少有两位参试的司机发现自己不知不觉地在跨越车道标记。 6 这些自愿参试的司机（有些刚刚拿到驾驶执照）所发表的意见非常说明问题。十八岁的西蒙告诉英国汽车协会，“《走出地狱的蝙蝠》里的快节奏摇滚乐真会让人送命的。我发现自己不知不觉地越开越快。” 7 另一名自愿参试的司机一直在听ZZ Top乐队最流行的曲子，他说，“我一直在快速行驶，扯着嗓门唱歌，没有看见也没有听见那辆一直想超过我的消防车。” 8 还有些人说：“我陷入了深思”…… “人的感觉会变得麻木” …… “听不见别的汽车是个问题”，“我一直在随着音乐的节奏加快速度。” 9 一些慢节奏的背景音乐，如肖邦的音乐，会刺激人的大脑，使思维模式发生变化，激发阿尔法脑波，使人有一种舒服愉快的感觉。处于放松状态在大多数情况下对我们有好处，但开车时则不然。心理学家雪利?费希尔教授提醒人们说：“最大的危险是疲劳驾驶。有些音乐会使你无法集中注意力，甚至陷入轻度睡眠状态，那样就会造成可怕的惨祸。” 10 “问题的关键在于根据具体情况选择合适的音乐。刺激性的音乐适合在漫长、枯燥的道路上听，但是当交通状况糟糕时，或是交通拥挤时，这种音乐会分散你的注意力。” 11 然而，音乐也有其好的一面，正如英国汽车协会的心理学家罗伯特?韦斯特所指出的那样：“如果有些音乐影响我们安全行驶，那么反过来也是有道理的。

新概念英语第三册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson8

新概念英语第三册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson8 【课文】 The Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St. Bernard, witch was founded in eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watchdogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot. During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars. As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to -- 30 and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks prefer winter to summer of they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace of mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery. 【课文翻译】

新编大学英语第三版综合教程3答案

Unit 1 Personality V ocabulary 1. 1) self-conscious 2) self-confidence 3) self-esteem 4) self-destructive 5) self-worth 6) self-concept 7) Self-awareness 8) self-assurance/self-confidence 2. 1)B 2)I 3)L 4)A 5)H 6)D 7)E 8)N 9)J 10)M 11)C 12)F 13)G 14)K 3. 1) profound 2) jealousy 3) numerous 4) overweight 5) overcome 6) eventually 7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance 11) detrimental 12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented 4. 1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded 5)sensitive 6) respond/react 7)eliminated 8)overcome my fear 9) concentrate on 10) made no comment Translation 1) You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising. 2) In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. 3) When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 4) Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life. 5) I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father. 6) He finally failed to live up to his parents’expectations. 7) In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously. 8) He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness. Part Four Writing and Translation 2. Translation Practice

全新版大学英语综合教程3课文翻译

AppendⅡ Chinese Translations of Texts A (Units 1-8) 参考译文目录：第一单元生活方式的改变 (2) 第二单元民权英雄 (5) 第三单元安全问题 (8) 第四单元外星人 (10) 第五单元如何欢庆节日 (14) 第六单元人情味 (18) 第七单元谋生 (21)

第八单元克隆技术 (27) 第一单元生活方式的改变课文A 在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。但他写道，自己并不后悔，对自己做出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活售姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的——写作与务农。如今我同时做着这两件事。作为作家，我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。这是一种自力更生的生活。我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋，每星期还能剩余几十个出售。自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。这也是一种令人满足的生活。夏日里我们在河上荡舟，在林子里野餐，骑着自行车长时间漫游。冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。我们为落日的余辉而激动。我们爱闻大地回暖的气息，爱听

牛群哞叫。我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空，看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。就在三个月前，气温降到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。桑迪则有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐、冷藏，开车送孩子学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己还要上风琴课，为我做些研究工作并打字，自己有时也写写文章，还要侍弄花圃、堆摞木柴、运送鸡蛋。正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲——贤德之人也歇不了。我们谁也不会忘记第一年的冬天。从12月一直到3月底，我们都被深达5英尺的积雪困着。暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，积雪厚厚地覆盖着屋子和谷仓，而室内，我们用自己砍伐的木柴烧火取暖，吃着自家种植的苹果，温馨快乐每一分钟。开春后，有过两次泛滥。一次是河水外溢，我们不少田地被淹了几个星期。接着一次是生长季节到了，一波又一波的农产品潮涌而来，弄得我们应接不暇。我们的冰箱里塞满了樱桃、蓝莓、草莓、芦笋、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接着我们存放食品罐的架子上、柜橱里也开始堆满一罐罐的腌渍食品，有番茄汁、葡萄汁、李子、果酱和果冻。最后，地窖里遍地是大堆大堆的土豆、葫芦、南瓜，谷仓里也储满了苹果和梨。真是太美妙了。第二年我们种了更多的作物，差不多就靠着从自家树林砍伐的木柴以及仅仅100加仑的燃油过了冬。其时，我开始认真考虑起辞了职去从事自由撰稿的事来。时机选得实在太差。当时，两个大的女儿肖恩和埃米正在费用很高的常青藤学校上学，而我们只有几千美金的银行存款。但我们一再回到一个老问题上来：真的会有更好的时机吗?答案无疑是否定的。于是，带着老板的祝福，口袋里揣着作为累积津贴的半年薪水，我走了。