学术综合英语课后

Unit 1

C

1.The younger generation should continue to sustain and

develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture.

2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly

aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view.

3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that

college students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language

more vivid and more attractive to your audience.

5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the

impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing.

6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy

words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.

7.When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts

is a good way to make your ideas more credible.

8.A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality

and will help convey the speaker’s ideas clearly and interestingly.

9.You should not blindly use a word that your are not sure

about, and it you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary.

10.Y our language should adapt to the particular occasion and

audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful.

英译汉：

发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的想法是关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的，通常准备演讲你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。

在准备提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点。发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给你一些帮助。发言提纲还应包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰、易于辨认。

D（p17）汉译英：

当你发表学术演讲时，首先要做好充分的准备；其次，你演讲的主要观点要明确，层次要清楚。演讲时，语速不要过快，语言要清晰。不要总是在读你准备好的稿子。最后，你应该经常看一下你的听众。这样，一方面你对你的听众表示尊重，另一方面，你可以更顺利地进行你的演讲。

Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of al, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be explicit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.

Section C Writing Practice

Task 1

Good morning, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, It is my great pleasure on behalf of the university to extend our warm welcome to all the conference participants.

It is a special honor for us to be holding the International

Symposium on Computer Science at our university. Among the participants are well-known professors, scientists and scholars in this field. I believe that this symposium will offer a good opportunity for you to exchange your ideas, share your latest research achievements and further cooperation in the field of computer science as well.

Also, to some extent, this symposium will help us to develop computer science in your university and help push forward our research in this field.

Finally, I hope the symposium will be a great success and I hope everyone will enjoy their stay here. Thank you!

Task 3

Ladies and gentlemen,

Happy New Year to everybody!

I am very happy to se all of you here to celebrate the arrival of the new year. In particular, I am delighted to have so many foreign professors, teachers and friends with us this evening.

Last year, with the joint efforts of all the faculty members, we made some impressive achievements in both research and teaching. Some of our research and teaching programs have won awards at he national and provincial levels. We certainly owe

these achievements to our colleagues and our foreign friends here.

I’d like to take this opportunity to express my thanks to you for what you have done for our university. Also, I’d like to wish everyone good health and success in he new year. Now let me propose a toast. Happy New Year！

Unit 2

C

1.Energy use should benefit global sustainability so that it can

contribute to long-term human well-being.

2.Today, this consensus has given way to a variety of family

styles as a result of people living longer, marrying later, and divorcing more.

3.Much of the current research entails close collaboration with

industry, which leads to a profitable exchange of personnel and ideas.

4.If we cannot pin down exactly what we are supposed to be

managing, how can we manage it?

5.The magnitude of urban migration in recent years is evidence

of more disturbing trends: the expanding gap between rich

and poor, rapid population growth and increasing environmental degradation.

6.The students perceived that the toxicity testing of an

insecticide is on a par with that of a cosmetic.

7.This presentation describes a large set of plausible goals, at

least one of which should be achieved within years.

8.The practice of a strict environmental evaluation and a

regular monitoring system is central to the smooth progress of the project.

9.Even the very mediocre services and food at the beauty spot

did not detract from the enjoyment of the tourists.

10.T o finance her tow daughters who are both at college, she

began making handicraft to augment the family income.

汉译英：

以上各种因素究竟如何影响能源供应的资金成本难以量化，部分原因是许多非环境因素实际上同环境因素相互交织在一起。比如，造成工程施工延误的原因，不但有管理上的限制，而且有工程、管理以及质量监控等方面的问题。然而在美国，过去20年中由于环境影响，石油产品供应的资金成本至少上升了25%，而火电和核电生产的资金成本则上升了40%，甚至更多。

It is difficult to quantify the total contribution of all these factors to the monetary costs of energy supply, in part because factors not related to the environment are often entwined with environmental ones. For example, construction delays have been caused not just by regulatory constraints but also by problems of engineering, management and quality control. Nevertheless, in the US, environmental impacts have increased the monetary costs of supplying petroleum products by at least 25 percent during the past 20 years, and the costs of generating electricity from coal and nuclear power by 40 percent or more.

英译汉：

能源和人类利益有着双重关系，人力历史发展长河中，由于利用能源成本低廉，人们主要关注能源和人类安康关系中有利的一面，然而，过去一百年来人口以空前速度增长，引起了能源需求的激增，同时，人均工业能源需求亦急剧增长，因此，能源利用所需成本越来越高，无论是外延成本还是内涵成本。一方面，能源资源加速减少，能源供应所需投入越来越高；另一方面，相比之下，外延成本呢更加令人忧虑，原因是能源利用严重威胁大众健康和安全，不断破坏全球生

态系统，并可能引发大规模军事冲突。

研究生学术综合英语课文翻译unit1-4

第一单元? 如何发表演说 斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。? ???? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。? 如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。? 如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。? 准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。? 另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。??????? 优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。? ???????在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。夸张性的例子描述想像中的情形，这种例子能够将相关的想法有效地传达给听众。这三种例子都能够帮助演说者理清思绪、加强印象或者使演说更加娓娓动听。为了使表达更加富有效果，例子应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。 只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于有效地传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。最重要的是：演说者应该对统计数据了如指掌，并且运用得恰如其分。由于数据很容易操纵和捏造，因此，对于演说者来说，一定要确保图表没有张冠李戴，并且要确保统计方法正确，数据来源可靠。?

(完整word版)学术综合英语课后答案解析

Unit 1 C 1.The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.

学术综合英语1~5单元单词及重要词组总结(包含易考单词)

学术综合英语1~5单元单词及重要词组总结（包含易考单词）=============UNIT1================ *sustain支撑，保持，撑住 craft手艺，工艺 *clutter凌乱，杂乱 simile明喻 *metaphor隐喻 *implicit不言明的，默认的，含蓄的 *rhythm节奏，节律 parallelism平行，对应，排比 alliteration头韵 antithesis对比，对偶 juxtaposition并列，并置 *assertion断言 bolster支持 testimony证明，证据 anecdote轶事 hypothetical假设的，假定的 textured具有特定结构或特征的 sparing节约的 credible可靠地 credentials可信任的证明 extemporaneously即兴的， impromptu无准备的 *unbiased公正，无偏见 *contrary to与。。。相反 *look up查找 *adapt to适应 *at hand在附近，在手边 hot air空话连篇 *in the course of在、、、、过程中 in passing附带地，顺便地 =============UNIT2================ detract贬低，减损，降低 dominant首要的，主要的，主导的 inadequacy缺乏，匮乏，不足 convert转化 deprivation缺失，匮乏 constancy不变，恒定 plausible貌似合理/可信的

staggering惊人的 unprecedented史无前例的 entail要求 mediocre二流的平庸的，劣质的elaborate复杂的 effluent工业废水 disruption有限，限定，限度 traverse穿行 magnitude程度 particulate微粒，颗粒 *consensus一致意见 concentration浓度 *liability不利因素 *menace威胁 *portend预示 pathogen病原体 *striking显著地 augment增加 emergence出现 *intractable难处理的 *massive巨大的 central重要的 *devastating毁灭性的 *aggravate恶化，加重，是恼火 *plausible貌似可信的 *entail使需要，承担 *triple三倍的 *intractable不听话的 *pose造成，形成 *staggering蹒跚 *emergence出现 *resurgence复活，再现，再起 *contribute to导致，引起，为。。。做贡献*center on集中于 *on a par with等同于 *pin down准确界定，确定 *detract from贬低 kindle点燃 revere尊敬

学术综合英语英语填空题翻译Unit 3

Unit3 Traffic Vocabulary Development [P80-81] A: 1.They asked him to leave. In other words, he was fired. 他们让他离开。换句话说，他被解雇了。 2.The United Nations troops enforced a ceasefire in this area. 联合国军队在这片区域实行了停火。 “实行”修改成“执行”，“停火”修改成“停火协议” 联合国军队在这片区域执行停火协议。 3.The amount will be paid to everyone regardless of whether they have children or not. 无论他们是否有孩子，金额都将支付给每个人。 “金额无法支付” 无论他们是否有孩子，支付给每个人的金额是相同的。 4.Your paper does not address the real issues. 你的论文没有解决主要的问题。 5.How many vehicles were involved in the crash yesterday? 昨天的车祸有多少辆车相撞。 “相撞”修改成“涉及” 昨天的事故涉及多少辆车。 6.She felt an anxiety bordering on hysteria. 她感到焦虑接近歇斯底里的状态。 7.The new technology can be applied to farming. 新的技术能够应用于农业。 8.What do these results suggest to you? 你对这些结果有什么意见? “意见”修改成“建议” 这些结果对你有怎样的建议？ 9.He has six previous convictions for theft and burglary. 他有六个前科有关于偷盗和入室抢劫的前科。 删除了结尾的前科（重复的名词） 他有六个前科有关于偷盗和入室抢劫。

学术综合英语unit1_5课后习题答案解析

Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition Task 3 Translation B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。 在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。 C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech. 7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly. 9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. 10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful. D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be exp licit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.

学术英语教师版Unit6课文翻译

Unit 6 Text A 寻求临终护理 数十年前，大多数人在自己家中去世，但是医疗方面的进步已经改变了这一情况。如今，大多数美国人在医院或是疗养院中度过生命的最终时光。他们中有些人是为了治疗疾病进了医院，有些可能是选择长期住在疗养院。越来越多的人在生命的尽头开始选择临终关怀。 死亡没有一个称得上“合适”的地点。何况，我们死亡的地方，大多数情况下也并非我们可以决定的。但如果有选择的机会，每个人及其家属，都应该考虑究竟怎样的临终护理最为适合，在哪里可以享受到这样的关怀，家人和朋友能否提供帮助，以及他们应该如何支付相应的费用。 医院及疗养院 64 岁的 George 有充血性心力衰竭病史。一天晚上，他因为胸痛被送入医 院。 他与他最亲近的人事先便已决定，在任何情况下都要让医生使用最大努力来延续他的生命。所以当他需要相应的治疗时，他选择了医院，因为那里有全天候工作的医生和护士。医院提供一整套的治疗、检查及其他医疗照护。一旦 George 的心脏出现持续衰竭，医院的重症监护病房（ICU）或冠心病重症监护病房（CCU）就可以提供及时的救护。尽管医院有相关的规定，在有些情况下执行具有一定的弹性。如果 George 的医生认为他的病情并没有因为治疗有所好转，并濒临死亡，他的家属可以要求更加宽松的探视时间。如果他的家属想从家中给他带一些私人物品，可以向工作人员询问物品的尺寸限制或是是否需要消毒。不论 George 住在 ICU、CCU 还是两病床的病房，其家属都可以要求更多的私人空间。 在医院环境中，对临终病人来说，身边永远会有知道该如何照料他的医务人员。这一点令病人及其家属得以安心。 已有越来越多的人在生命尽头的时候选择疗养院，因为在这里，护理人员是随叫随到的。疗养院有时也被称为专业护理所，在临终护理方面有利有弊。与医

研究生学术综合英语1-6课课文及翻译

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