新编大学英语第3册超详细版

Unit 1. Personality

Part One- Preparation

1.Mr. And Miss So and So

1) Gentle 2) Dedicated 3) Considerate 4) Adventurous 5) Calm 6）Aggressive 7) Critical 8) Energetic 9) Selfish 10) Ambitious 11) Self-confident 12) Easygoing 13) Truthful 14) Outgoing 15) Frank 16) Sensitive 17) Bossy 18）Patient 19) Talkative 20) Persuasive 21) Sympathetic 22) Emotional

2. Personality and Job

Salesperson- shrewed, hard-working, boastful, acute, tricky

Teacher- patient, tolerant, talkative, unselfish, loving, humorous, bossy

Doctor- patient, calm, independent, careful, sympathetic

Police officer- brave, alert, independent, strong, calm

Accountant- careful, honest, cautious, patient

Lawyer- persuasive, expressive, eloquent, serious, knowledgeable, talkative

Tourist guide- enthusiastic, talkative, expressive, energetic, considerate, good-tempered

Host or hostess of a show- emotional, expressive, optimistic, quick-minded, exaggerated, humorous

Reporter- cautious, extroverted, open-minded, adventurous

Secretrary- easygoing, tolerant, sensitive, frank, thorough, efficient

Spokeperson- intelligent, talkative, diplomatic, cautious, matter-of-fact

Part Two – Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1.Understanding the Organization of the Text

1)Introduction: (para1)

Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people

2)Reasons why shyness can have a negative effect: (para2-3)

People’ s self-concept has a profound effect on all areas of their lives.

People with high self-esteem unsually act with confidence.

People with low self-esteem are likey to be passive and easily influenced by others.

3)Ways of overcoming shyness: (para 4-15)

i)Recognize your personal strengths and weaknesses.

ii)Set reasonable goals.

iii)Don’t waste time and energy on destructive feelings such as guilt and shame.

iv)Don’t be afraid to speak up and give your point of view.

v)Do not make negative comments about yourself.

vi)Accept criticism thoughfully.

vii)Profit from failures and disappointments by viewing them as learning experiences.

viii)Do not associate with people who make you feel inadequate.

ix)Set aside time to relax, enjoy hobbies, and reevaluate your goals regularly.

x)Practice being in social situations.

4)Conclusion: (para16)

The better we understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live up to our full potential.

2. Understanding Specific Information

1) F 2) T 3) T 4) T 5) F 6)T 7)F 8)F 9)T

Vocabulary

1.

1)self-couscious (worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you.)

2)self-confidence (belief in one’s own ability, power, judgment, etc,; confidence in oneself)

3)self-esteem (the feeling that you are someone who deserves to be liked, respected, or admired)

4)self-destructive (with thoughts or actions that are counter to one’s own best interests)

5)self-worth (the value you give to your life and achievements)

6)self-concept (one’s conception or general idea of one’s own basic character and nature)

7)self-awareness (realistic knowledge and judgment about oneself)

8)self-assurance/self-confidence (the belief that you are able to deal with people and problems easily)

2.

1) B 2 ) I 3) L 4) A 5) H 6) D 7) E

8) N 9) J 10) M 11) C 12) F 13) G 14) K

3.

1) profound 2)jealousy 3) numerous 4)overweight 5) overcome

6) eventually 7) slim 8) compliments 9) diminish 10) reassurance

11) detrimental 12) isolated 13) self-esteem 14) accented

4.

1) reflected 2) concerned/worried 3) profound effect/influence 4) viewed/regarded

5) sensitive 6) respond/ react 7) eliminated 8) overcome my fear

9) concentrate on 10) made no comment

Translation

1)You should spend a reasonable amount of time relaxing and exercising.（spend time on sth/ in doing sth）

2)In general children are healthier and better educated than ever before. (than ever before)

3)When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it.

4)Every day he sets aside some time to be with his family and enjoy life.

5)I remember those dark streets and walking hand in hand with my father.

6)He finally failed to live up to his parents’ expectations.

7)In contrast, our use of oil has increased enormously.

8)He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.

Part Three – Further Development

1. Enriching Your Word Power

1) B 2)B 3)A 4) B 5) D 6) C 7)B 8)C 9)A 10)A 11) C 12) B

Part Four- Writing and Translation

2.

1) It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure.

2) Optimism, by contrast, can make you happy, healthy and successful.

3) When you fail in something, profit from the failure as a learning experience.

4) Think about your strengths and build up self-confidence in front of problems or difficulties.

5) Don’t let negative thoughts hold you back.

6）Everyone has experienced failures and disappointments, so don’t blame yourself too much.

Unit 2 Myths and Legends

Part One – Preparation

4. Matching Pictures

1. Aphrodite

2. Ares

3. Hephaestus

4. Artemis

5. Demeter

6. Dionysus

7. Poseidon 8. Athena 9. Apollo 10. hermes 11. Hera 12. Zeus

Part Two – Post-reading

1. Testing Your Memory

1) Because they were invited to a feast in the sky.

2) He saw the birds were busy preparing.

3) He planned to go to the feast/ sky with the birds.

4) They didn’t agree because Tortoise was mischievous/ cunning and ungrateful.

5) With a sweet tongue, he convinced the birds that he was a changed man.

6) He made two wings with all the features he got from each bird.

7) All of You.

8) Nuts, meat and fish soup, punded yam, yam soup, palm wine, etc.

9) For whom have you prepared this feast?

10) Because he knew the answer would be “For all of you”, which was his new name. So he could enjoy all the food first.

11) They were very angry.

12) They took back the feathers they had lent him.

13) He asked him to take a message to his wife.

14) Parrot, because he wanted to take advantage of the chance to get revenge.

15) He asked Parrot to tell his wife to bring out all the soft things in his house and cover the ground with them so that he would be able to land safely. But Parrot told his wife to bring out all the hard and sharp things instead.

16) His shell was broken into hundreds of pieces.

Vocabulary

1.

1) A. invitation B. invited C. inviting

2) A. prepare B. prepared C. preparation D. preparatory / preparation

3) A. discoveries B. discoverers C. discovered

4) A. approval B. approve C. approved D. approvign E. disapprove

5) A. eloquent B. eloquence C. eloquently

6) A. faithful B. unfaithful/ faithless C. faith D. faithfully

7) A. occasional B. occasionally C. occasion

8) A. delivery B. delivering C. delivered

9) A. troubesome B. troulbed C. troubled D. troubling

10) A. assurance B. assured C. assure

2.

1) got/ran into trouble 2) no trouble 3) asking for trouble 4) have…trouble

5) trouble with 6) in serious/ deep/ big trouble 7) get/getting …into trouble 8) took the trouble

3.

1) with a pattern of roses.

2) prepared a wonderful / good meal for us

3) promised faithfully

4) deliver this letter

5) a selection of milk and plain chocolate

6) keep out of mischief / behave themselves

7）the sound of distant thunder

8) received approval from the government

9) in spite of the fact that he drank too much

10）agree whether the drug is safe or not

Part Three – Further Development

1.Enriching Your Word Power

1) C 2) C 3) A 4) B 5)A 6) B 7) A 8) B 9) B 10) A 11) B 12) A

Part Four – Writing and Translation

2.Translation Practice

万物之初，天体还是一体，充满混沌。宇宙如同一个大黑蛋，盘古就在黑蛋里。一万八千年以后，盘古长睡醒来，他感到窒息，于是他拿起一把大斧头，用尽全身力量砸开黑蛋。轻的、透明的部分冉冉上升，变成了天；而冷的、混沌的物体依然在下面，变成了大地。盘古站在中间，顶天立地。天地开始以每天一丈的速度分开，盘古的身子也随着长高。一万八千年后，天更高，地更厚，盘古像一根九百万里高的柱子伫立其间，天地永远也无法再合在一起。

（附注：天地渾沌如雞子，盤古生其中。万八千歲，天地開辟，陽清為天，陰濁為地。盤古在其中，一日九變，神於天，圣於地。天日高一丈，地日厚一丈，盤古日長一丈。如此万八千歲，天數极高，地數极深，盤古极長。後乃有三皇(1)。數起於一，立於三，戒於五，盛於七，處於九，故天去地九万里。

《藝文類聚》卷一引《三五歷紀》

(1) 三皇：天皇、地皇、人皇。）

3.Racking Your Brains

Step One

Time & Place: after, before, during, later on, meanwhile, next, first, second, earlier, immediately, soon, still, when , while as, where, then

Comparison & Contrast: as…as, similarly, likewise, but, not so…as, on the other hand, on the contrary, in

contrast, rather than

Addition: and, in addition to, furthermore, moreover, too, also

Cause & Effect: because (of), due to (the fact that), as a result, therefore, accordingly, so, conseqently, thus, hence, since, as, owing to

Purpose: so that, in order to / that , so as to

Condition & Concession: if , despite, although, though, even though, in spite of, however, nevertheless,

nonetheless, yet, all the same

Summary & Restatement: in short, in a word, in brief, in conclusion, on the whole, generally, altogether, in all,

in the final analysis, in other words, finally

Others: not only…but also, (n)either…(n)or, so…that, such…that, so…as to, otherwise, or

Unit 3 Social Problems

Part One—Preparation

Part Two – Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1.

1) -5) financial career later guilty hurt

6) -10) resentful productive independence responsibility trusted

11)-15) frightening resentment abandoned factors quality

2.

T F T F T F F F F F

Vocabulary

1.

C H G A E K I

D L B J F

2.

1)-5) constantly impact burden Candidly fulfillment

6)-10) salaried resentment assistance perfect suppress

3.

1)-5）successfully resentment security necessity advisable

6)-10) access/accessibility athletic maturity emotional effectively

Translation

1)Because of an emergency, the doctor will not be available for several hours.

2)How will taxes affect people with low incomes?

3)My mother always told me that in the long run I would be glad I didn’t give up practicing the piano.

4)These book range in price form $10 to $20.

5)It seems to me that you don’t have much choice.

6)Given their inexperience, they have done quite a good job.

7)For such a big house the price is fairly cheap/low, but you’ve got to take into consideration the money you will

spend on repairs.

8)Can we begin with discussing questions/problems arising from the last meeting?

Part Three --- Further Development

1.Enriching Your Word Power

Step one:

1)-7) A B A C A A C 8)-14) B C A A C B C

Step two:

Step three:

1)-5) creates individuals makes combinaiton however

6)-10) fall responsible which difference that

11)-15) tempted used lowest died reducing

16)-20) quick reason principle minor message

2. Putting the Paragraphs in Order

Step one: E B F C A G D

Part Four—Translation and Writing

2.

1) 孩子最好远离毒品

一个电话报警者打来三个电话，报告毒品交易。他还对交易场所中小孩子的健康表示了忧虑。有两人被发现因吸入过量毒品而深度中毒，现场还发现大量被使用过的注射器。屋内情况非常糟糕，孩子们立即得到了保护。

2）在逃的武装抢劫犯落入法网

四名武装劫持犯在逃离现场时，开枪打伤一名警察。警察抓住了两名罪犯，但是不能确认另两名逃走的罪犯的身份。打进报警热线的一个电话准确、详细地描述了这起事件和其中一个逃走的罪犯。不久，一名男子被抓获，他被指控企图谋杀及武装抢劫。

Unit 4 Career Planning

Part One – Preparation

1.What are They?

1)-7) film director surgeon flight attendent pilot cook/chef conductor lawyer 8)-14）receptionist policeman butcher doctor/physician auto-repairman scientist/ research worker nurse

2.Word Family

1)-9) job business trade labor profession work occupation career task

3.Matching Game

Section A: job career profession trade

Section B: pay fee salary/wages income

Section C: job-seeker employer fire interview

Part Two—Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1.Understanding the Organization of the Text

1)Introduction (para1)

Career planning does not necessarily follow routine or logical steps.

2)Student s’ weaknesses in career planning (para2):

i)Most students choose from a very narrow group of occupations.

ii)40 to 60 percent of the students choose professional occupations, but only 15 to 18 percent of the work force is engaged in professional work.

iii)Young men lack interest in fields that offer many job opportunities.

iv) A third of the students are unable to express any choice of occupation.

3)Serious flaws in the ways of decision making (para 3-5)

i)Complaceny – ignoring challenging information

ii)Defensive avoidance – resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming

iii)Hypervigilance –searching frantically for career possibilities and seizing on hastily invented solutions.

4)Keys to career planning (para 6-11)

i)Study yourself.

ii)Write your career goals down.

iii)Review your plans and progress periodically with another person.

iv)If you choose a career that does not fit you, you can start over.

5)Changes in careers (para 12-13)

i)Few changes involve downward movement; most involve getting ahead.

ii)Job changes and career shifts occur at all ages.

6)Conclusion (para 14-15)

Although there is no sure way to make career plans work out, there are things that you can do now to shape your career possibilities.

2.Understanding Specific Information

1)-12) T T F T F T T T T F T F

Vocabulary

1.

1)-7): acceptable efficiency implications instability rationalize evaluation foreseeable

8)-14): invention hastily probability professional challenging defensive personality

2.

1)-5): in case Every so often resort to talk over start over

6)-10): in reality at stake seized on leading to take stock of

3.

1)-6): programs way technical both provided who

7)-12): such needed opportunities when to Completion

13)-18): holding early hire promote up educating

Translation

1)He underwent a major heart surgery several years ago.

2)We estimated that it would take a week to finish the work.

3)I used to enjoy photography, but now I have no time to pursue any hobbies.

4)You may love someone but not necessarily have to marry him.

5)Terrorists resort to violence to achieve their political aims.

6)He says he’ll stay in the office this afternoon in case you want to see him.

7)Scientists have identified the gene that causes abnormal growth.

8)These examples demonstrate how badly some students write their resumes.

Part Three --- Further Development

1.Enriching Your Word Power

1)-10): A B C C C A C B B C

Part Four—Translation and Writing

2.translation (略)

3.Writing (sample)

January,27, 2007

Lu Dong University

P. O. Box ****

Dear Sir or Madam,

I would like to be considered as an applicant for the secretary position listed in today’s Yantai Daily.

I am a female student and I am now 21. In June this I will graduate from Lu Dong University. My major is economics. During my summer vacation last year, I worked as a typist in a company. I can type at a speed of 80 words per minute and I have taken shorthand. In my spare time, I have also worked on computer and now I can use the computer for word processing. Apart from these skills, I have high proficiency in English and I can speak English fluently. I have passed CET 4 and 6 with high marks. In a word, I’m sure that I’m a suitable person for the job and I can do it well.

I would be glad to come for an interview at your convenience. My telephone number is *******. I am looking forward to hearing from you.

Sincerely Yours,

***

Unit 5 Language

Part One – Preparation

Part Two—Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the Organization of the Text

1) Introduction: the most important day in her life. (para. 1)

2) Her feelings before her teacher arrived/ her education began. (para. 2-3)

3) The first encounter with the teacher. (para. 4)

4) How she discovered words. (para. 5-9)

A. Her initial success in learning (para. 5): she learned the spelling of a few words.

B. The difficulties encountered in learning the meanings of words and her reaction. (para.6)

C. Her new insight: everything had a name and each name gave birth to a new thought. (para.7-8)

D. Her feelings and her new outlook on life before she fell asleep that night after her trip to the well-house. (para.9)

2.Understanding in Details

1) A. The two lives she led before and after the teacher came.

B. The day when her teacher came to her.

C. Before the teacher came, she lived in a still, dark world in which there was no strong sentiment or tenderness,

From that day on, she began to learn language and gain a new insight into life.

2) Because the day marked a turning point in her life. On that day, the teacher came to her to reveal all things to her,

including love.

3) A. Here being shut in the “white darkness” refers to a feeling of being lost, like a ship at sea almost incapable of

find her way in a white fog without sunshine. Helen Keller compares herself to a ship lost in thick fog, and is unable to find her way. Like the ship with her plummet and sounding-line, she is reaching out and crying wordlessly for light in the dark unknown world.

B. The ship.

4) She felt tense and anxious, waiting for something to happen with beating heart.

5) Both the new doll and the big rag doll.

6) The words and the real objects.

7) Words are the names of things. / Everything has a name.

8) It suddenly dawned on Helen that the word “water” referred to the wonderful cool thing flowing over her hand

and the word itself became alive.

9) Because the word experienced a great change in Helen’s mind after she discovered the mystery of words, just as

Aaron’s rod, which had been a piece of dead wood, burst into flowers with God’s love.

3.“How I Discovered Words”

When…Helen Keller’s Feelings

she stood on the porch, waiting for the teacher to come dumb, expectant

Miss Sullivan spelled “doll” in her hand interested

she finally succeeded in making the letters for doll pleasant and proud

the teacher tried time and again to teach her the connection between words and things impatient

she felt the fragments of the broken doll at her feet keenly delighted

she knew she was going out into the warm sunshine pleasant /happy

she finally discovered the mystery of launguage in the well-house excited, eager to learn

she tried vainly to put the broken doll together repentant and sad

she lay in crib at the close of the day joyful and hopeful

Vocabulary

1. Section A 1)-10): A B A B C B C C A A

Section B 1)-5): renewed apply persist succeeded drop

6)-10): revealed wonder keenly vainly impressed

2. 1)-4): unconsciously expectant eventful immeasurable

5)-8): imitation/ imitating continually tenderness impatient

Translation

1)Seeing all the people walking to and fro outside the office, I became more worried.

2)In time he will see who is his true friend.

3)That scientist’s experiment gave birth to a new drug.

4)He had been shut in by illness during much of the winter.

5)They would practice spoken English at the first opportunity.

6)Everything she valued might be swept away overnight.

7)Towards the close of the term, all the students are busy preparing for the finals.

8)It is a very cold winter and we long for it to be over.

Part Three --- Further Development

1. Enriching Your Word Power

1)-12): A A B B C B C C A B C A

Part Four—Translation and Writing

3.Translation Practice

1)他钦佩布朗太太，这使我感到很惊奇。

2)暴风雨持续了一整天；就在这段时间里船破裂了。

3)虽然那个学生在做实验前已仔细阅读过实验说明，但由于他生搬硬套，未能得到满意的结果。

4)我知道萨拉会将那个好消息告诉她姐姐的，而她姐姐又很可能将它告诉她的同学。

5)史密斯先生很有教学经验，他将在春天来和我们一起工作。

6)邮递员早晨6点30分来。这个时候我通常还在睡大觉呢。

Unit 6—Man and Animals

Part One – Preparation

2．Test your animal knowledge

Section A: A squirrel An owl A dolphin A tiger A monkey

A dog A beaver A lion A penguin An ostrich

Section B: B C D C B A D C C C

Part Two—Post-reading

Reading comprehension

1.understanding the main idea of the passage

Animals Human beings

Causes of aggression 1) Abnormal conditions. 8) Living conditions in crowded cities.

Consequences 2) It will show abnormal

aggressiveness. 9)People may behave aggressively toward each

other.

Examples 3) A tiger once came out of jungle

into a village and attacked a man.

4)The caged lion often becomes 10)A once self-employed crafts-man and people who once worked in a small firm will express aggression through resentment and anger.

more aggressive than it would be in the wild. 11) A man may kill thousands of people by dropping a bomb from a plane.

Behavior in desirable situations 5)The tiger would have stayed in the

jungle and hunted for food in the

customary way.

6)The caged lion would be

continually active, ranging over long

distance, hunting in family groups.

12)People might have been no more aggressive than

their fellow creatures.

13)The man would hesitate to hit another person in

front of his eyes.

Possible solutions 7)The lion should be free to wander

on the grassy plains of Africa. 14) Hostility and aggression should be expressed in constructive activity and non-violent competition.

2.Understanding specific information

D C A C D B

Vocabulary

1.

Verb Noun Adjective Adverb

aggress aggression aggressive aggressively

- violence violent violently

behave behavior behavioral -

- territory territorial -

- hostility hostile -

disable disability disabled -

compare comparison comparative/comparable comparatively/comparably destroy destruction destructive destructively

resent resentment resentful resentfully

construct construction constructive constructively

compete competition competitive competitively

- evidence evident evidently

2.

violent – non-violent doubtfully- undoubtedly satisfied- dissatisfied normal – abnormal

constructive – destructive personal – impersonal diminish – increase encourage- discourage

3.

survive conflicts available likely injuring absorbed competition instinct hesitated similar

Translation

1)She always behaves badly when her aunt comes to visit.

2)If it hadn’t been for your help, we wouldn’t have been able to finish the task in time.

3)I warned him off going to the east coast because it was full of tourists.

4)The fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of low quality.

5)Without anyone to turn to for help, making an appropriate choice can be difficult.

6)His sadness at the death of his wife found expression in his music.

7)Only if Peter goes to the evening party will she go.

8)I can only compare the experience to a nightmare.

Part Three --- Further Development

Enriching your word power

A B C A C B A B B C

Part Four—Translation and Writing

2. Translation practice

主语从句

1）这种理论的核心是：我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为，即使有什么联系得话，也是微不足道的。

2）遗憾的是，我们的呼吁没有得到响应。

3）众所周知，肺癌至少部分是由于吸烟过多引起的。

4）现在把话题转到一个月以前发生的惨案上，这是很自然的事。

5）那位老太太解释说她在为一个女孩找一副手套。

宾语从句

1）他想再次提醒大家，决定这件事的不止他一个人，还有其他许多人。

2）他们想要说明，为什么我们有某些性格特征并表现出某些行为。

3）在这场争论中，赞成“天性”的那些人认为：我们的性格特征和行为模式大多是由于生物因素所决定的。

4）伽利略最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，证实了行星是围绕太阳而不是围绕地球旋转。

Unit 7 – The Joy of Travel

Part One – Preparation

Part Two—Post-reading

Reading comprehension

1.Understanding the organization of the text

A.Two things that I was dissatisfied with. (para. 1-3)

1. My job

2. My engagement

B. Purpose of my trip

3. To transform myself

C. Process for change. (para7-14)

4. I created a mindset that made me ready for change.

5. I insulated myself from the usual influences in my life and the people whose approval was most important.

6. I structured my time in order to produce change and growth.

7. I pushed myself to experiment with new ways of being.

8. I made public commitments of what I intended to do, so it would be harder to back down.

9. I processed my experiences systematically.

10. I made changes when I returned that continued the transformation that started while I was in Aruba.

D. Conclusion (para.15)

11. I would continue going on transformative trips to keep my growth in the future.

3. Understanding specific information

C C

D A C A C D B A

Vocabulary

1. engagement separating influences arranged chosen

In case processed changes benefited go on

2. end booked trapped book ended

appeal trap appeal samples structure

value structured sampled process valued process

3. emptied – emptiness terrified – terrifying entertaining – entertainment

introductory – introduction employed – employment transform – transformation

convinced – convincing approval – approve isolates – isolation reinforcement – reinforced

Translation

1)I didn’t realize putting on/ staging a play involved so much work.

2)The most important thing is not what you say but what you do.

3)This is the best result that can be expected in such circumstances.

4)It isn’t the first time that you’ve found yourself in such a situation.

5)This difficulty challenges my mind to find an answer.

6)The new threat on the horizon is unemployment.

7)We have alternative ways of expressing the same idea.

8)He slipped into the old habit of drinking.

Part Three --- Further Development

1.Enriching your word power

B A B B

C B B A B C B C

2.Identifying landmarks

a.the Eiffel Tower in Paris

b.Big Ben in London

c.the Opera House in Sidney

d.the Statue of Liberty in New York City

e.the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco

f.the canals in Venice

g.Taj Mhal in India

h.the Pyramids in Egypt

Part Four—Translation and Writing

2.Translation practice

A.

1) 悲观主义者的典型特征是他们往往认为坏事会持续很久，会损害他们所做的每一件事情，而且都是自己的过错。

2）猴子回答说他确信自己有足够的力量统治天庭。

3）好消息是并非A型行为的各个方面都同样有害。

4）有观察表明，如果人们不被告知正在发生的事情，他们会变得更不耐烦。这是Larson研究的另一个课题。

5）有时病人所需的只是一种安慰：一切都会好的。

B．

1) The question to ask is not whether we should travel but where we should travel.

2) The distinctive feature of the island is that it is made up of pink coral.

3) The belief that he would win helped him go out of the desert.

4) The fact that the town had beautiful scenery and low expense made us overjoyed.

5）He wanted to find some evidence that the restaurant overcharged him.

Unit 8 – Nature and Nurture

Part One – Preparation

3.What makes us who we are?

expected conclude account nurture argues myth

predetermine react consequences revolution between creature

Part Two—Post-reading

Reading comprehension

1.Understanding the organization of the text

1)Introduction （para. 1）

No characteristic is caused exclusively by either environment or genes.

2)Research on the relative effects of heredity and environment. (para.2-8)

A.Studies on identical twins raised together. (para.2)

Findings: They are remarkably alike in both appearance and behavior.

Implication: Individuals with the same genes, when raised in the same environment, will respond to it in much the same way.

B.Studies on identical twins raised apart in similar environments. (para.3-4)

Findings: They exhibited great psychological and physical likenesses.

Implication: This does not inform us of the power of genes and the limitation of the effect of the environment.

C.Studies on identical twins raised apart in contrasting environments. (para 5-8)

Their similarities: Their weight, height, hair color, and teeth were very similar.

Their differences in personality:

Helen was confident, graceful, made the most of her personal appearance, and showed considerable polish and ease in social relationships;

While Gladys was shy, self-conscious, quiet and without charming or graceful manners.

Implication: Genes alone are never absolutely responsible for any trait.

3)Conclusion (para.9)

What we can do is set by the genes, but what we actually do is largely determined by the environment.

2.Understanding specific information

F F F F T T F T

Vocabulary

1. C A C C A B B B

2. resemble alike Like similar same Identical, same, alike

3. absolutely eventually obviously Similarly

remarkably approximately exclusively actually

Part Three --- Further Development

1.Enriching you word power

B A A A B

C B B A C B A BC

2. What do you know?

C C C B C B C B B C

Part Four—Translation and Writing

2.Translation practice

在全球范围内实行计划生育的困难之一在于，各国政府考虑到国家的工业发展水平以及可利用的食物和原材料，对人口控制采取了不同的态度。在一些发展中国家，如果急剧增加的人口对食物、空间已经自然资源造成巨大的压力，那么政府会不计后果，首先关注限制出生率。在一个高度工业化的国家，问题可能会更加复杂。出生率降低会导致失业，因为降低出生率会使制造业市场萎缩。当人口对住房的压力减小时，房价会降低，建筑业就会因此疲软。面对这样一些因素，发达国家的政府可能会希望本国的人口呈渐长趋势，而不是保持稳定或下降。

Unit 9 – Music

Part One – Preparation

Part Two—Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the organization

1) Introduction (para1)

Music may calm you down but it can also lead to traffic accidents.

2) Effect of music on drivers. (para 2-9)

A. Argument: Both extremes of music can result in risk. (para 2)

Music with a strong beat leads to aggressive driving.

Soothing and melodious music makes drivers relaxed and sleepy.

B. Supporting evidence (para 3-9)

a. Introduction to the research. (para 3)

Sponsor: the British Automobile Association

Subjects: Volunteer drivers, including newly qualified ones.

Findings:

I．Men in the 17-25 age bracket were the most dangerous and accident-prone group.

II．Men in this group listen to music for seventy percent of the time they are on the move.

b. The pace of the driving is governed by the pace and beat of the musi

c. (para 4-5)

I. Drivers subjected to loud music find themselves making faster gear changes, accelerating more quickly

and braking more abruptly.

II. Drivers subjected to slow ballads often find their attention wandering.

III. Comments by the volunteer drivers. (para 6-8)

i)Simon told the AA that the fast rock music was potentially lethal.

ii)Another volunteer said that he was speeding along singing loudly without noticing the fire engine behind his car while listening to ZZ Top’s music.

iii)Other comments: “I get lost in my own thoughts…”“It’s possible to suffer a dulling of the senses…”, “Not hearing other vehicles is a problem…”

c. Slower music stimulates a change in a person’s brain pattern. (para. 9)

I. It encourages Alpha waves.

II. It induces a feeling of well-being.

III. Prof. Shirley Fisher’s warning: Some music can lull you into concentration loss, or even mini-sleep, which can cause horrific accidents.

3) An analysis of the effect of music on driving: (para.10-12)

A. Selecting your music to suit the conditions. (para. 10-11)

a. Stimulating music can be useful on long boring roads, but it can distract you when traffic conditions are difficult, or

traffic is heavy.

b. According to Dr. Robert West, carefully selected music may improve our driving, particularly in the high risk group.

B. High-tech music systems build into our cars also cause accidents. (para.12)

A recent traffic and road safety report showed that 40% of minor road accidents were caused by people taking their

eyes off the road to change a cassette or disc.

4) A car intelligence system: (para 13-14)

A. Its producers: Rover, British Aerospace, Philips and Sweden’s Road and Traffic Research Institute.

B. Its name: Application of Real-Time Intelligence Aid For Driving

C. Its working principle: It’s a sophisticated electronic system which takes advantages of radar to warn the driver when a collision is possible.

D. Its ways to warn the driver

a. It sends a vibration through the accelerator pedal to warn the driver to slow down.

b. If early warnings go unheeded, the engine cuts out and the hazard warning lights go on.

5) Conclusion: (para.15)

Music lovers should be careful when driving.

2. Understanding specific information

T F F T T T F F T F

Vocabulary

1. stimulate distract qualify/ be qualified induce accelerate

soothe overtaken wander combine commissioned

2. C D A C A C C A

Translation

1)I took advantage of the fine weather today to play tennis.

2)You may even swim in the lake – if you feel inclined to.

3)The loud music brought on another one of his headaches.

4) A careless is apt to make mistakes.

5)The experiment resulted in the discovery of a cure for cancer.

6)Comparatively speaking, we are more concerned with work efficiency and product development.

7)Doctors said that surgery could induce heart attack.

8)I qualified/ was qualified as a doctor at London University 30 years ago.

Part Three --- Further Development

1.Enriching your word power

C B B A A B B C

Part Four—Translation and Writing

1．Translation practice

1)音乐是人类的共同语言。-亨利.W.朗费罗（1807-1882），美国诗人。

2)音乐给人的启示超过科学。-路德维希.范.贝多芬（1770-1827），德国作曲家。

3)在生命的黑夜中音乐是月光。-让.保罗.里彻（1763-1825），德国作家。

4)音乐能洗涤灵魂，消除其日常生活的尘埃。-摘自《一千零一首最好的歌》

5)人们用音乐来表达言语难以表达的情感。-埃尔伯特.哈伯德（1856-1915），美国作家、编辑。

6)音乐真奇妙，它能平息胸中的怒火，软化坚硬的岩石，压弯长满节瘤的橡树。-威廉.康格里夫（1670-1729），英

国戏剧家。

7)记忆中，所有的一切都似乎跟音乐有关。-田纳西.威廉斯(1914-1983),美国戏剧家

8)借助音乐，孩童进入美的世界，表达内心的感情，品味创造的乐趣，增强同情心，发展智力，平和心境，陶冶

情操，培养优雅的仪态。-美国全国儿童福利会，1927年

9)人们相互表达心灵的和谐美妙所采用的最佳、最美、最理想的途径是音乐。-乔纳森.爱德华兹(1703-1758), 美国

传教士和神学家。

10)音乐的力量是无法抗拒的；它的功效数不胜数；任何灵魂工程师都很少能像音乐一样激起人们的爱心，唤醒人

们平和的心境，促进人们之间的友谊。-威廉斯.M.萨克雷（1811-1863），英国小说家。

Unit 10 – Reflections on Life

Part One – Preparation

Part Two—Post-reading

Reading Comprehension

1.Identifying Topic Sentences of Paragraphs

1)Introduction

Para 1: I feel surprised upon becoming 50 years old.

2)Different aspects of my life. (para2-14)

A．My mind (para2-5)

a.On the one hand.

Para 2: All my life I have been motivated by curiosity.

Para 3: At the age of 50 my minds better than ever.

b.On the other hand.

Para4: What I know, compared with what I do not know, is like a grain of sand by the sea.

Para5: I know my limitations even better than my capabilities.

B．M eaning of life. (para6-7)

I believe that the individual life can be filled with meaning only through love and work of one’s choice.

a.love: Para 6: My wife is a genius at loving while I am a genius at nothing.

b.Work: Para7: I have realized my dream of becoming a reporter and then an author.

C．A ttitude towards myself and others (para8-11)

a.Attitude towards myself.

Para 8: The conflict of man with himself is the most troublesome.

Para 9: I think I know myself better than most people because I spend more time studying myself than anything else.

b.Attitude towards others.

Para10: Human beings are more alike than different.

Para11: I get along better with others because I expect less from them, too.

D．My interest in human nature. (para12-14)

Para 12: One of the reasons for my regrets is that nothing interests me more than human nature.

Para 13: I’m rather well equipped to probe the mysteries of the human mind.

Para 14: Failures of communication between human beings will bead to the end of civilization.

2.Identifying the Author’s Personality and Feelings.

1 2 4 6 8 9 10 (yes)

3. Understanding Specific Information

A C

B

C A B

Vocabulary

1. A A B A A B A A A B

2. Judging from regardless of In my opinion Now that

let alone lost touch with at peace with get along with

3. inherited from distracts… from confronted with probe regardless of /in spite of

perceive have identified make up limitations genius

Translation

1)When he returned to his office, he was confronted with an enormous pile of work.

2)The captain of this football team scored two wonderful goals early on in the game.

3)Provided they are fit, I don’t know why they won’t go on playing for another three or four years.

4)In emergencies he can still make sound judgments.

5)While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.

6)He went on listening to her, at times impatient and at times fascinated.

7)We must find a way to resolve these problems before it is too late.

8)Parents cannot always have the school of their choice for their children.

Part Three --- Further Development

1.Enriching your word power

A B A B B C C B B A

2. Talking about your reflections on life

Life is a challenge – meet it!

Life is a song – sing it!

Life is a dream – realize it!

Life is a game – play it!

Life is love – enjoy it!

Part Four—Translation and Writing

1. Translation practice

A. 岁月可以在皮肤上留下皱纹，但是热情的丧失却会让灵魂生长皱纹。忧虑、恐惧、缺乏自信只会让人胸无大志，变成一堆行尸走肉。无论是60岁还是16岁，每个人都会被好奇所吸引，都会对未来、对人生这场游戏带给我们的欢乐怀着孩子般永不消失的渴望。在你我心灵的深处都有一个无线电台：只要它不停地从人群中、从无限的时空中接收美好、希望、激励、勇气和力量的信息，你我就都会年轻。

B．

1）老年远不只是头上有白发，脸上有皱纹，也不只是一种感觉。真正的不幸不在于身体的虚弱，而在于心灵的冷漠。

2）人的青春是美妙的：它充满着痛苦和魔力，青年人在当时并不知道什么是青春，只是当它永远地消失时，他才真正明白。

3）我认为那些有强烈的非个人兴趣爱好又参与各种适当活动的人更容易做到颐养天年。

4）当青春逝去时，每个人都会带着无限的悲哀和悔恨回首人生那段时光。他这时才知道，他曾经拥有非凡的能力，却浪费了；曾经拥有大笔的财富，却未曾利用，从中什么也没有得到。

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