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新标准大学英语四综合教程Unit1-6课文及翻译

新标准大学英语四综合教程Unit1-6课文及翻译
新标准大学英语四综合教程Unit1-6课文及翻译

If you ask me1

If you ask me, real life is not all it's cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?

2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It's just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that's before I've had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I'm interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won't even last till the end of the year, let alone till I'm 60.

3 I didn't really want to go out to work just yet. I mean, I wasn't a dropout and I knew I'd have to some day. According to any number of people "life's not a picnic", "there's no such thing as a free lunch". But given that I'd got a good degree, I thought I'd like to go on to get my master's. Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE) . Top school, very good for my CV. But I talked to my mum about it, and she said she couldn't afford to support me any more. I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics. She'd worked hard for 15 years to give me an education. My dad wasn't around most of the time, and when he was, he didn't have any money. He'd spent it gambling on the dogs or down the pub. So it came to the point when I just agreed with Mum, and bowed myself towards the inevitable.

4 If you ask me, and despite everything you hear, fortunately there are some really nice people out there. Take Mike, for example. When I left university, what I thought was that my mum would feel obliged to look after me if I returned home. So I packed up my belongings and went to London to get a job. I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree. But by that time, there were no jobs left, and I didn't really want to end up in some boring office, doing photocopies and making the tea.

5 Go anywhere you like in London and there's usually a good pub. The day I realized no one in the city was going to offer me a job, I went into The Salisbury on Leadenhall Street for a drink and something to eat. Mike the landlord was at the bar, pouring pints with one hand, making sandwiches with the other, and washing the glasses all at the same time—it's true, he really did seem to have three hands. He also seemed to know everyone, and greeted the regulars by name, getting their drinks ready with the question, "The usual today, is it?" I thought he looked kind of cool, he was doing what he did best, serving thirsty clients, and no one did it better. So I went up to him and asked him whether there was a job for me.

6 Well, to cut a long story short, I started work in the pub one Friday lunch time. It was quite demanding work, but I liked it. People seemed to find me amusing and it made me feel better too. There was one middle-aged regular in a suit who always had a half of bitter and a ham and pickle sandwich, with the crusts cut off. When I saw Tony coming, I tried to have his lunch ready for him even before he asked. He was another one of those really nice people.

7 If you ask me, spending money when you don't have any is dead easy. I began to think about how I'd spend my first month's wages. The flat where I was staying was expensive, and I just about had enough to cover the first month's substantial bills. But I calculated that there'd be just enough money over to treat myself to something. Why not get a CD or maybe a plant to cheer up the flat? I thought.

8 It was my birthday on pay day. Apart from Mike and Tony, I didn't have any friends in London. Seeing that I didn't have a boyfriend either, you can understand why I began to feel sorry for myself. So I ordered myself some flowers, and asked them to be sent with a little card, saying "With all my love Anon." The highlight of my birthday would be the confused look on the florist's eyes when he delivered them.

9 Later that week, Tony came in as usual and sat down at the bar. "What's wrong with you? Where's that smile gone today?" I talked to him about... well, about pretty well everything, money, the master's, my birthday, the lot. He sympathized with me.

10 Tony got up from his stool, and went over to talk to some of the others. Remember: The Salisbury is right in the heart of the city, so all the customers were in banking or insurance or the stock market. Next day he turned up with cheques to the value of £20,000. "This is a loan f or you to set up your business. The only collateral you have is my trust in you that one day, you'll pay us back—if you can. And if you can't, too bad, that's the finance business for you. But I think you will."

11 I didn't say anything for fear that I was going to cry. What were the odds on anyone being so nice?

12 And the flowers? I redirected them to my mum, and they arrived for her on my

birthday. She deserved them, don't you think?

13 If you ask me, looking back after all these years, you only need one or two breaks in your life to succeed. The fact that the rest is hard work doesn't matter, it's still worth it.

14 After a year working at The Salisbury, I got a place at the LSE, did my master's and found a job in an investment bank. I in vested the £20,000, and sold out before the 2008 crash. I paid back Tony and the other investors, with ten per cent annual interest, and set up my own firm. It exceeded all my expectations and is still a thriving business.

15 Tony wrote me a thank-you note. He'd been in a car accident, and couldn't walk. The money I paid back would allow him to adapt his house so he could move around it in his wheelchair. This is what he wrote:

16 "Thirty-five years in banking, and I've never made a better investment than the loan to you. You've repaid the money with interest, and my trust in you and your honesty 100-fold. If you ask me, investing in people gives the best return you can ever hope for."

17 If you ask me, he's right. What do you think?

依我看

依我看,现实生活并没有人们想象的那么好。我们上了12年的中、小学,又上了3年的大学,这期间老师们一直在没完没了地谈论在备受呵护的学生生活之外的那个广阔天地里的各种机会,可我遇到的又是什么呢?

无论我怎么想保持心情愉快,可麻烦事总是接踵而来:有时是和人发生矛盾(尤其是跟男孩子,天哪!他们什么时候才能长大?),但通常是为钱发愁。这个地方什么东西都很贵!人人都想从我身上赚点钱:税务局要收个人所得税,银行经理要我偿清学生贷款,房东催我交房租、燃气费、水费、电费,手机账单也不断地寄来。所有这些还没算上吃饭的

钱。更可气的是,不知从哪里冒出一个自作聪明的家伙给我打电话,问我要不要买养老金。照这样下去,我甚至都支撑不到年底,更别提活到60岁领养老金了。

我那时还不想出去工作。我的意思是,我并不是个逃避现实社会的人,但我知道自己未来某一天可能不得不逃避现实。许多人认为“生活不是野餐”,“没有免费的午餐”。但既然我拿到了优等生文凭,我想我应该继续攻读硕士学位。实际上,我已经看中了伦敦政治经济学院的课程。这是一所顶尖的学校,能给我的履历表增添一段光彩的经历。但当我跟妈妈谈起这件事时,她说她没法继续供我上学了。我大概能理解她的心情,但并不仅仅是因为我学的是经济学。15年来,为了能让我上学,她含辛茹苦。这些年来,父亲大部分时间都不在家。就算在家,他也没钱。他把钱都拿去赌狗、喝酒了。所以我听了妈妈的话,向命运低下了头。

依我看,不管人们说什么,幸运的是世上还有很多好心人。迈克就是其中的一个。大学毕业时,我想如果我回家,妈妈就会觉得她有责任照顾我。所以,我就收拾行李去伦敦找工作。我想找金融和投资方面的职位,因为你知道这样我就可以用上我的专业知识。可是那时候已经没有这样的工作了,但我又不愿意做复印文件、端茶倒水之类的乏味的办公室工作。

在伦敦,无论走到什么地方,你都能找到一个好酒吧。有一天,我意识到这个城市没有人会雇我,于是我走进位于利德贺街的索尔兹伯里酒吧去喝酒,顺便吃点东西。店主迈克正在店里,他一只手倒酒,一只手做三明治,同时还洗酒杯。他真的好像有三只手。他好像也认识所有的客人,叫得出常客的名字。他跟他们打招呼,帮他们调好酒,并问一句:“今天还喝这个,是吧?” 我觉得他看起来蛮酷的,他在做着他最擅长的事情:为那些口渴的顾客服务,没人能比得上他。所以我就走上前去问他要不要雇人。

好吧,长话短说,某个周五的午餐时间我开始在那个酒吧打工。这份工作要求很高,

但我喜欢。顾客好像觉得我很有趣,这也让我感觉好一些。有位穿西服的中年常客总要半杯苦啤酒和一份火腿泡菜三明治,面包皮要削掉。他叫托尼。我一看见他进来,尽量不等他开口就准备好他的午餐。他也是一个好心人。

依我看,一个人没钱的时候花钱最容易。我开始琢磨怎么花第一个月的薪水了。我住的公寓房租很贵,我挣的钱刚够支付第一个月的大笔账单,但是我估计还能剩点钱好好犒劳一下自己。我想,何不买张CD或买盆花草装点一下房间?

发工资的那天正好是我的生日,除了迈克和托尼,我在伦敦就没有别的朋友了。如果你知道我那时还没有男朋友,你就会理解我为什么觉得对不起自己了。我给自己定了些鲜花,让卖花的人附上一张卡片,上面写道:“给你我所有的爱。无名氏”。我生日那天最精彩的瞬间将会是送花人送我花时大惑不解的眼神。

那周晚些时候,托尼像往常一样来了,在酒吧里坐下。“你怎么了?今天怎么不见你笑啦?” 我跟他聊天……嗯,差不多什么都跟他说了:钱、硕士学位、生日、命运。他很同情我。

托尼离开搁脚凳、走过去和另外几个人说话。别忘了:索尔兹伯里酒吧位于市中心,所以这里所有的顾客都从事银行、保险或证券工作。第二天,他拿着价值两万英镑的几张支票来到酒吧,对我说:“这是给你的创业贷款,你唯一的贷款担保就是我对你的信任,相信有一天你赚了钱会把钱还给我们。如果你还不了钱,那就太糟了,不过对你来说,也算是做过金融生意了。但是,我相信你还得了。”

我没说话,我怕我自己要哭了。世上怎么会有这么好的人?

那些花怎么处理?我叫花店改送到妈妈那里去了,我生日那天鲜花正好送到。她应该得到这些鲜花,不是吗?

依我看,回顾这些年的经历,我发现人一辈子只需要一两次的机缘就能成功。就算吃苦受累也不要紧,那还是值得的。

在索尔兹伯里酒吧干了一年之后,我去了伦敦政治经济学院深造。拿到硕士学位之后,我在一家投资银行找到了一份工作。我把那两万英镑投进了证券市场,在2008年金融崩盘之前卖掉了所有的股票。我把托尼和其他投资者的钱还了,付给他们10%的年息,并成立了自己的公司。公司的生意好得出乎意料,至今还红红火火。

托尼给我写了一封感谢信。他出了车祸,现在不能走路了。我还给他的钱正好可以用来改造房子。房子改造后他就可以坐着轮椅在家里自由活动了。下面是他信里写的话:“我从事银行业35年来最好的投资就是给你的这笔贷款,你连本带利地偿还了贷款,我对你的信任和你的诚实都获得了百倍的回报。依我看,在人身上投资能带来你所期望的最好的回报。”

依我看,他说得对。你说呢?

They were alive and they spoke to me1

I sit in a little room, one wall of which is now completely lined with books. It is the first time I have had the leisure of working with anything like a collection of books. There are probably no more than 500 in all, but for the most part they represent my own choice. It is the first time, since I began my writing career, that I am surrounded with a goodly number of the books I have always longed to possess. The fact, however, that in the past I did most of my work without the aid of a library I look upon as an advantage rather than a disadvantage.

One of the first things I associate with the reading of books is the struggle I waged to

obtain them. Not to own them, mind you, but to lay hands on them. From the moment the passion took hold of me I encountered nothing but obstacles. The books I wanted, at the public library, were always out. And of course I never had the money to buy them. To get permission from the library in my neighborhood—I was 18 or 19 years of age—to borrow such a "demoralizing" work as The Confession of a Fool, by Strindberg, was just impossible. In those days the books which young people were prohibited from reading were decorated with stars—one, two or three—according to the degree of immorality attributed to them. I suspect this procedure still obtains. I hope so, for I know of nothing better calculated to whet one's appetite than this stupid sort of classification and prohibition.

3 What makes a book live? How often this question arises! The answer, in my opinion, is simple. A book lives through the passionate recommendation of one reader to another. Nothing can throttle this basic impulse in the human being. Despite the views of cynics and misanthropes, it is my belief that men will always strive to share their deepest experiences.

4 Books are one of the few things men cherish deeply. And the better the man the more easily will he part with his most cherished possessions. A book lying idle on a shelf is wasted ammunition. Like money, books must be kept in constant circulation. Lend and borrow to the maximum—of both books and money! But especially books, for books represent infinitely more than money. A book is not only a friend, it makes friends for you. When you have possessed a book with mind and spirit, you are enriched. But when you pass it on you are enriched threefold.

5 Here an irrepressible impulse seizes me to offer a piece of gratuitous advice. It is this: Read as little as possible, not as much as possible! Oh, do not doubt that I have envied those who have drowned in books. I, too, would secretly like to wade through all those books I have so long toyed with in my mind. But I know it is not important. I know now that I did not need to read even a tenth of what I have read. The most difficult thing in life is to learn to do only what is strictly advantageous to one's welfare, strictly vital.

6 There is an excellent way to test this precious bit of advice I have not given rashly. When you stumble upon a book you would like to read, or think you ought to read, leave it alone for a few days. But think about it as intensely as you can. Let the title and the author's name revolve in your mind. Think what you yourself might have written had the opportunity been yours. Ask yourself earnestly if it be absolutely necessary to add this work to your store of knowledge or your fund of enjoyment. Try to imagine what it would mean to forego this extra pleasure or enlightenment. Then, if you find you must read the book, observe with what extraordinary acumen you tackle it. Observe, too, that however stimulating it may be, very little of the book is really new to you. If you are honest with yourself you will discover that your stature has increased from the mere effort of resisting your impulses.

7 Indubitably the vast majority of books overlap one another. Few indeed are those which give the impression of originality, either in style or in content. Rare are the unique books—less than 50, perhaps, out of the whole storehouse of literature. In one of his recent autobiographical novels, Blaise Cendrars points out that Rémy de Gourmont, because of his knowledge and awareness of this repetitive quality in books, was able to

select and read all that is worthwhile in the entire realm of literature. Cendrars himself—who would suspect it?—is a prodigious reader. He reads most authors in their original tongue. Not only that , but when he likes an author he reads every last book the man has written, as well as his letters and all the books that have been written about him. In our day his case is almost unparalleled, I imagine. For, not only has he read widely and deeply, but he has himself written a great many books. All on the side, as it were. For, if he is anything, Cendrars, he is a man of action, an adventurer and explorer, a man who has known how to "waste" his time royally. He is, in a sense, the Julius Caesar of literature.

它们是活生生的,而且它们在跟我说话

我坐在一间小屋子里,屋子的一面墙边排满了书。这是我头一次有闲功夫和一堆书这样的东西打交道。所有的书加起来最多不超过500本,但大多数是我自己挑的。自打我开始写作生涯以来,我第一次得到我一直渴望拥有的这么多书。事实上,我过去的大多数工作都不依靠图书馆,我把这看成是优势,而不是劣势。

我想到的与读书相关的头一件事就是夺书大战。请注意,不是拥有它们,而是要把它们搞到手。从我对书着迷开始,我就面对着重重困难。公共图书馆里我要借的书总是被借出去了,当然,我又没钱买书。我那时只有十八九岁,要想得到社区图书馆的批准借阅类似斯特林堡写的《痴人的忏悔》这样“不道德”的书是不可能的。在那个年代,年轻人禁读的书都根据其违背道德的程度被标记了星星——一颗星、两颗星、三颗星。我猜想,这种做法至今依然存在。我也希望如此,因为我知道,没有任何别的方法比这种愚蠢的分类和禁止更能吊起读者的胃口。

我经常思考一个问题,那就是是什么让一本书有了生命力?我觉得答案很简单:一本书之所以有生命力,是因为读者满怀激情地推荐它。这是人的基本冲动,什么都阻挡不

了。不管愤世嫉俗者和遁世者持何种观点,我相信人们总是会尽力分享自己感触最深的经验。

书是人类最为珍爱的几样东西之一。人越好,就越愿意与他人分享自己的珍藏。搁置在书架上、无人翻阅的书就像是废弃的弹药。书和钱一样要流通起来,要最大限度地流通起来!尤其是书,因为书所代表的东西比钱要多得多。书不仅是朋友,它还可以帮你结交朋友。当你在精神上、心灵上拥有一本书的时候,你的人生就变得丰富多彩。而当你把书转给别人的时候,你的人生就更加丰富。

说到这里,有一种抑制不住的冲动让我向大家提出一条无端的忠告。那就是:读书尽量少而精,而不是越多越好!唉,不要怀疑我嫉妒那些在书堆里埋头读书的人。我私下里也确实想尽力读完所有一直想读的书。但是,我知道这并不重要,我现在知道我读过的书中只有不到十分之一是我需要读的。人生中最难办到的事情莫过于学会只做对自己有益的事情,这是至关重要的。

我是经过慎重考虑才提出这条宝贵的忠告的,有一个高招可以检验它是否有效。当你碰到一本你想读或觉得该读的书的时候,先把书搁下,放几天再说。但你要多琢磨这本书,仔细琢磨书名和作者的名字。想想如果让你来写这本书,你会写些什么。认真地问问自己是否有必要把这本书纳入自己的知识库或娱乐储备。尽力想象一下,放弃这份额外的乐趣或启迪对你将意味着什么?之后,如果你觉得你必须读这本书,那么观察一下你在“啃”这本书的时候是否表现出非凡的洞察力。同时你也观察一下:即使这本书很诱人,它也许并没有给你带来什么新的东西。只要坦诚对己,你就会发现:只要抑制住自己的冲动,你的境界就提高了。

不容置疑的是,大多数书都互相重复,在文体或内容上让人感到具有独创性的书实在是少之又少。在整个文学库藏中,只有极少数作品——或许不到50本——是独具一格

的。在最近出版的一部自传体小说中,布莱斯? 桑德拉尔指出,古尔蒙之所以能够选择并通读文学领域中一切值得读的书籍,就是因为他知识渊博,并且了解书的这种重复性。桑德拉尔本人就是一个博览群书的人,没有人会怀疑这一点。他阅读了大部分作家的原作。不仅如此,一旦他喜欢上一个作家,他就会阅读这个作家写的每一本书,包括他的书信以及所有有关他的书籍。我猜想,在当今世界上,几乎没有人能像他一样,不仅读得广、读得精,而且还著述颇丰。可以说这一切都是在业余时间完成的。因为桑德拉尔是一个十足的行动家,一个四处跋涉的冒险家和探险家,一个懂得如何“肆意浪费”时间的人。从某种意义上说,他是文学界的凯撒大帝。

The Key to Wedded Bliss? Money Matters1

If you ask married people why their marriage works, they are probably not going to say it's because they found their financial soulmate.

2 But if they are lucky, they have. Marrying a person who shares your attitudes about money might just be the smartest financial decision you will ever make. In fact, when it comes to finances, your marriage is likely to be your most valuable asset—or your largest liability.

3 Marrying for love is a relatively recent phenomenon. For centuries, marriages were arranged affairs, aligning families for economic or political purposes or simply pooling the resources of those scraping by.

4 Today, while most of us marry for romantic reasons, marriage at its core is still a financial union. So much of what we want—or don't want—out of life boils down to dollars and cents, whether it's how hard we choose to work, how much we consume or how much

we save. For some people, it's working 80-hour weeks to finance a third home and country club membership; for others, it means cutting back on office hours to spend more time with the family.

5 "A lot of the debates people have about money are code for how we want to live our lives," said Betsey Stevenson, assistant professor of business and public policy at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, who researches the economics of marriage and divorce. "A lot of the choices we make in how we want to live our lives involve how we spend our money."

6 Making those choices as a team is one of the most important ways to preserve your marital assets, and your union, experts say. But it's that much easier when you already share similar outlooks on money matters—or when you can, at the very least, find some middle ground.

7 The economies achieved by pairing up are fairly obvious. However, the costs of divorce can be financially devastating, especially when children are involved. And, not surprisingly, money manages to force a wide wedge between many couples.

8 "Most people think people break up over sex issues and children issues—and those are issues—but money is a huge factor in breaking up marriages," said Susan Reach Winters, a divorce lawyer in Short Hills, N. J.

9 Not everyone is married to a financial twin, and that's not necessarily a problem. There are several ways that you and your significant other can become more compatible, and ultimately more prosperous, when it comes to money.

10 These guidelines are compiled from the successfully married and from experts on

psychology, divorce and finance:

11 TALK AND SHARE GOALS Before walking down the aisle, couples should have a talk about their financial health and goals. They should ask each other tough questions: Do we want children? When? Who will care for them? Will they go to public or private school? What kind of life do we want? When will we retire?

12 "In my ideal plan for couples, they would have a meeting every week on their finances," said Karen Altfest, a financial planner who runs the New York firm L. J. Altfest & Company, with her husband, Lewis. "That way, they are in sync with each other's goals."

13 Set those goals together. Jerry Ballard, 58, a former insurance executive in Houston, said that he and his wife of 36 years, Susan, also 58, managed to avoid money clashes because they share a savings philosophy. "The cardinal rule was that we don't interrupt our savings," he said, adding that they saved between 10 and 20 per cent of their salaries each year. As long as they did that, they were less likely to disagree about spending.

14 Eric Gundlach, 53, of Owings Mills, Md., who has been married for 29 years, said he and his wife, Ann-Michele, "made our expectations explicit." These included sending their son to private school and having big experiences, like traveling, in lieu of purchasing things.

15 RUN A HOME LIKE A BUSINESS Make a budget and keep track of earnings, expenses and debts. And structure your business as a partnership; when it comes to making big financial decisions and setting goals, do it together. "When they are making the decisions together, they really have ownership of those decisions and any results of

those decisions," said Mary Ann Sisco, national wealth advisor at JP Morgan's private wealth management division. "Even if you have negative results, you tend to weather the storm better." Share responsibilities too. Though one partner tends to control the finances, advisors recommend rotating tasks. One person should handle investments for a certain period, while the other pays the bills; rotate and repeat.

16 BE SUPPORTIVE OF CAREERS Having a supportive partner helps you professionally, which should trickle down to your mutual bottom line. "Marrying the right person helps you succeed in your career through encouragement and support, the only kind of support that comes through a supportive, intimate relationship," said Mr. Gundlach, whose wife backed his decision to start a management consulting practice after 22 years as a human resources executive.

17 ENJOY, BUT WITHIN REASON Create a cash cushion, and live a lifestyle you can sustain. Many people who were working at hedge funds that went bust or financial firms like Bear Stearns are learning these lessons now. Ms. Sisco, of JP Morgan, said that because her younger clients haven't experienced a downturn, they assumed the money would keep pouring in.

18 She said she is working with one couple in their early 30s who have two young children. Right before the husband lost his job on Wall Street, the couple had ordered $35,000 drapes. They had to move to a smaller apartment in Manhattan and had to sell their vacation home.

19 USE A MEDIATOR Perhaps both of you have strong yet divergent opinions about how to invest. Or maybe you are a saver while your spouse prefers to hand over a big

piece of earnings to Bavarian Motor Works. An independent third party, whether a financial planner or a therapist, can help you find a middle ground.

20 Marc B. Schindler, a financial planner at Pivot Point Advisors in Bellaire, Tex., recently did this for a client who complained that his wife spent a thousand dollars a month on her wardrobe. Mr. Schindler then contacted the wife, who said her husband spent just as much on dinner with his buddies. So the husband asked Mr. Schindler to show how much they would save if they invested the $12,000 she spent each year. Mr. Schindler—careful to title the report "Clothing, Dinner or Invested?"—ran an analysis and found that the couple would have $1.6 million after 28 years, assuming a 9 per cent rate of return. "They are going to try and compromise," he said.

21 MAINTAIN SOME INDEPENDENCE Pooling resources is important, but so is maintaining a degree of financial independence. Carve out some money for both partners to spend on things that make them happy. And when paring back, it's essential that each person make sacrifices.

22 INVEST IN YOUR MARRIAGE Spend it—time and money—together. Go on dates. "What that does is enliven the marital foundation," said Gary S. Shunk, a Chicago therapist who specializes in wealth issues. "It's a kind of investment into the heart and soul of the relationship."

23 Think of it as dollar-cost averaging your marriage, where you make small investments over time. If you wait until retirement, it could be too late.

婚姻幸福的奥秘是什么?金钱才是关键

假如你询问已婚人士婚姻成功的奥秘在哪里,他们可能不会说那是因为找到了持相同金钱

观的知己。

但如果他们幸运的话,他们一定是找到了这样的知己。和金钱观相同的人结婚很可能就是一辈子最聪明的财务决策。事实上,就财务而言,婚姻可能是你最有价值的资产——或者最大的一笔债务。

近年来,人们为爱而结婚。但在此前的几个世纪,婚姻都是包办的,家庭联姻或出于经济或政治目的,或仅仅是为了使家境不好的家庭集中两家的财力,以维持生计。

如今,尽管我们大多数人是因相爱而结婚,婚姻从根本上讲仍然是金钱上的结合。不管是工作的努力程度,还是决定消费多少或储蓄多少,我们生活中想要得到的——或不想得到的——许多东西归根结底都跟钱有关。对有些人来说,他们想要的就是一周工作80 小时来支付第三套房的房款和乡村俱乐部的会员费;而对另一些人来说,他们想缩短上班时间,花更多的时间陪伴家人。

“关于钱的许多争论是提示我们想如何生活的密码,而生活方式的许多选择则与如何花钱密切相关。”宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的商业及公共政策助理教授贝齐? 史蒂文森如是说,他研究婚姻和离婚经济学。

专家们说,夫妻共同做出这些选择是维护婚姻资产及婚姻关系的最重要的方法之一。当然,如果夫妻双方一开始就在钱的问题上看法相似,或者至少能够在钱的问题上相互妥协,那么事情就好办多了。

联姻的经济效益很可观,但离婚的代价却是毁灭性的,尤其是有了孩子之后。毫不奇怪,金钱也造成了许多夫妻间的不和。

新泽西州秀特山市的离婚律师苏珊? 里奇? 温特斯说:“大多数人认为婚姻破裂是因为性或孩子的问题。这些的确是问题,但金钱也是导致婚姻破裂的一个重要因素。”

并非每个人都能找到金钱观一致的伴侣,当然找不到也不一定就成为问题。在金钱

的问题上,有几种方法能让你和你的另一半更加融洽,更加富有。

下面这些指导原则是由婚姻成功人士以及心理学、离婚和理财专家共同制定的:

互相交流,确定共同目标步入婚姻殿堂之前,男女双方要聊聊各自的财务状况及目标。他们要互相问对方一些棘手的问题:我们要不要孩子?什么时候要孩子?谁来照看孩子?要送他们上公立学校还是私立学校?我们想过怎样的生活?我们什么时候退休?

理财规划人卡伦? 阿尔特费斯特与她的丈夫刘易斯在纽约经营L. J.阿尔特费斯特财务管理公司,她说:“在我为夫妻设计的理想方案中,夫妻双方每周都要讨论家庭的财务问题。这样,他们才能保持目标一致。”

一起制订目标。杰里? 巴拉德今年58岁,曾在休斯敦担任过保险总监。他说他和结婚36年的同龄妻子苏珊之所以能够避免理财方面的矛盾是因为他们都坚守了存款信条。他说:“我们的基本原则是绝不中断存款。”他补充说,他们每年把10%到20%的工资存起来。只要持之以恒,他们在花销方面就不太会产生分歧。

马里兰州奥因斯米尔斯市的埃里克? 冈拉克今年53岁,已结婚29年。他说他和妻子安? 米歇尔“开诚布公地披露各自的期望。” 这些期望包括:送儿子去私立学校读书;有重大的人生体验,如外出旅游,而不是购物。

像经营企业一样经营家庭制定收支预算,记录收入、支出及债务。夫妻双方应该像合伙人一样管理家庭财务,做重大财务决定和制定目标时,双方要互相协商。摩根大通集团私人财富管理部的国家理财顾问玛丽? 安? 西斯科说:“夫妇双方一起参与决策时,他们都是决策的制订者,要共同承担决策的结果。即使结果是负面的,他们也能更好地共度难关。” 双方也应该分担责任。虽然通常是夫妻中的一方负责理财,婚姻顾问还是建议他们轮流负责。在一段时间内,一方可以负责投资,另一方则负责付账;过一段时间之后两人可以互换角色,如此重复更替。

支持对方的事业一位支持你的伴侣可以帮助你在事业上取得成功,这也会一点一滴地增加你们的银行存款。冈拉克先生说:“和合适的人结婚能鼓励你、支持你,有助于你在事业上取得成功。这种支持来自夫妻间互相扶持的亲密关系。”他的妻子在他做了22 年的人力资源经理之后支持他改行自己创业,做管理咨询。

在合理的范围内享受要有一定的现金储备。生活中适度消费,并维持这种生活方式。在已经破产的对冲基金或像贝尔斯登这样的金融公司工作过的许多人现在正在接受这方面的教训。摩根大通集团的西斯科女士说:一些年轻客户由于从来没有经历过经济衰退,他们以为钱会源源不断地涌进来。

她说她正在给一对30出头、育有两个孩子的夫妇提供咨询服务。就在丈夫失去华尔街的工作之前,他们刚刚订购了价值3.5万美元的窗帘。之后,他们不得不搬到曼哈顿的一套较小的公寓里居住,连度假屋也卖掉了。

借助调停人化解矛盾也许你们双方在投资问题上意见不一致,而且都很强硬。或者说也许你希望多储蓄,而你的配偶宁可花一大笔钱去买德国宝马汽车的股票。一个独立的第三方,无论是理财师还是心理治疗师,都可以帮你们找到双方都可以接受的方案。

得克萨斯州贝莱尔市轴心点咨询公司的理财规划师马克? B.辛德勒最近就为一位抱怨妻子每月花1,000美元买衣服的顾客解决了难题。辛德勒先生联系到他的妻子,而她则抱怨丈夫每月花同样多的钱跟朋友吃饭。那位丈夫要辛德勒先生计算一下,如果他们把她一年花在衣服上的1.2万美元用来投资,他们能攒多少钱。辛德勒先生写了一份题为“衣服、吃饭,还是投资?”的报告,他在报告的题目上颇费了一番心思。经过分析,他得出了结论:假设回报率为9%的话,这对夫妻在28年后将得到160万美元的收入。他说:“他们会尽量互相让步。”

保持一定的独立性共享资源固然重要,但保持一定程度的财务独立性也很重要。要

留出一些钱来满足夫妻双方各自的需求。当需要缩减消费时,双方都要做出牺牲,这一点很重要。

为婚姻投资夫妻双方要互相陪伴,一起消费。他们应继续约会,“这样做能使婚姻的基础更加牢固,是对夫妻关系的情感投资。”一位专攻理财问题的芝加哥心理治疗师加里? S.尚克这样说。

你可以把这个看作是对婚姻的定投,你只需坚持长期进行小额投资就行了。如果你等到退休才做这件事,也许就来不及了。

Marked: Women in the workplace1

The term "marked" is a staple of linguistic theory. It refers to the way language alters the base meaning of a word by adding something—a little linguistic addition that has no meaning on its own. The unmarked form of a word carries the meaning that goes without saying, what you think of when you're not thinking anything special.

2 The unmarked tense of verbs in English is the present—for example, visit. To indicate past, you have to mark the verb for "past" by adding ed to yield visited. For future, you add a word: will visit. Nouns are presumed to be singular until marked for plural. To convey the idea of more than one, we typically add something, usually s or es. More than one visit becomes visits, and one dish becomes two dishes, thanks to the plural marking.

3 The unmarked forms of most English words also convey "male". Being male is the unmarked case. We have endings, such as ess and ette, to mark words as female. Unfortunately, marking words for female also, by association, tends to mark them for frivolousness. Would you feel safe entrusting your life to a doctorette? This is why many

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全新版大学英语第二版综合教程2课文

BOOK2课文译文 UNIT1 TextA 中国式的学习风格 1987年春,我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市南京住了一个月,同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。然而,我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂,而是来自我们在南京期间寓居的金陵饭店堂。 我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。酒店鼓励客人外出时留下钥匙,可以交给服务员,也可以从一个槽口塞入钥匙箱。由于口子狭小,你得留神将钥匙放准位置才塞得进去。 本杰明爱拿着钥匙走来走去,边走边用力摇晃着。他还喜欢试着把钥匙往槽口里塞。由于他还年幼,不太明白得把钥匙放准位置才成,因此总塞不进去。本杰明一点也不在意。他从钥匙声响中得到的乐趣大概跟他偶尔把钥匙成功地塞进槽口而获得的乐趣一样多。 我和埃伦都满不在乎,任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙箱槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并无任何害处。但我很快就观察到一个有趣的现象。饭店里任何一个中国工作人员若在近旁,都会走过来看着本杰明,见他初试失败,便都会试图帮忙。他们会轻轻握牢本杰明的手,直接将它引向钥匙槽口,进行必要的重新定位,并帮他把钥匙插入槽口。然后那位“老师”会有所期待地对着我和埃伦微笑,似乎等着我们说声谢谢——偶尔他会微微皱眉,似乎觉得我俩没有尽到当父母的责任。 我很快意识到,这件小事与我们在中国要做的工作直接相关:考察儿童早期教育(尤其是艺术教育)的方式,揭示中国人对创造性活动的态度。因此,不久我就在与中国教育工作者讨论时谈起了钥匙槽口一事。 两种不同的学习方式

我的中国同行,除了少数几个人外,对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是走近槽口的最终目的,既然孩子还很年幼,还没有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作,让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢?他很有可能会灰心丧气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢?他会高兴,他还能早些学会做这件事,进而去学做更复杂的事,如开门,或索要钥匙——这两件事到时候同样可以(也应该)示范给他看。 我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理,解释道,首先,我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙塞进钥匙的槽口。他玩得开心,而且在探索,这两点才是我们真正看重的。但关键在于,在这个过程中,我们试图让本杰明懂得,一个人是能够很好地自行解决问题的。这种自力更生的精神是美国中产阶级最重要的一条育儿观。如果我们向孩子演示该如何做某件事——把钥匙塞进钥匙槽口也好,画只鸡或是弥补某种错误行为也好——那他就不太可能自行想方设法去完成这件事。从更广泛的意义上说,他就不太可能——如美国人那样——将人生视为一系列 的情境,在这些情境中,一个人必须学会独立思考,学会独立解决问题,进而学会发现需要创造性地加以解决的新问题。 把着手教 回想起来,当时我就清楚地意识到,这件事正是体现了问题的关键之所在——而且不仅仅是一种意义上的关键之所在。这件事表明了我们两国在教育和艺术实践上的重要差异。 那些善意的中国旁观者前来帮助本杰明时,他们不是简单地像我可能会做的那样笨拙地或是犹犹豫豫地把他的手往下推。相反,他们极其熟练地、轻轻地把他引向所要到达的确切方向。 我逐渐认识到,这些中国人不是简单地以一种陈旧的方式塑造、引导本杰明的行为:他们是在恪守中国传统,把着手教,教得本杰明自己会愉快地要求再来一次。

大学英语综合教程答案

3.Many products for sale seem to scream at us, "Buy me! Buy me!" Advertising is a big busin ess in our world with many products competing for our attention. Think of the last time you boug ht clothes. You probably noticed the variety of colors, patterns, fabrics and brands you could choo se from. Which kind of soft drink would you like to have today or what kind of computer do you want? Advertisers are skilled in the art of making their products look the best to appeal to our se nses. But products aren't always what they seem. Sometimes advertising is deceptive and as cons umers ,we must be careful about what we choose to buy. It is important to learn to compare prod ucts and identify our purpose in purchasing the things we need. But the good thing about advertising is that it helps people to make decisions and refine thei r choices. In the United States, the Ad Council creates timely public service messages to the nation. Th eir purpose is to raise awareness of public problems that citizens can respond to. Inspiring ads ca use individuals to take action and even save lives. Pollution in America, for example has been red uced over the years because of the creative Public Service advertisements that the council provid es" Please, please don't be a litter bug, 'cause every 'litter bit' hurts." Many families have taught t heir children to place litter in the trash can in response to this catchy phrase, which has affected g enerations as each succeeding generation has taught their children not to litter. 4.Nature imposes difficult conditions upon the earth from time to time . The tornado and fo rest fire destroy natural resources ,homes and other structures ,and very often harm or kill peopl e . Technological tragedies happen with little or no warning as we see trains crash and airplanes f all from the sky shortly after take-off. As tragic as calamities are , they seem to bring out the best in human nature . people trained in em ergency care arrive at the scene and begin assisting the inj ured .Others come with equipment to remove debris. Men , women ,and young people willingly c ome to the scene of an accident , hoping to be of help in some way . These selfless acts of kindne ss make our world a better place . compassion eases the wounds of calamities. American Airlines flight number 587 crashed less than three minutes after taking off from JF K Airport in New York in November,2001. Witnesses s aw an engine fire develop on the plane’s nu mber one engine located under the left wing of the aircraft .seconds later ,the airliner crashed int o eight homes ,completely destroying four of them .All 260 people aboard the airplane were kille d along with six people at the crash site ,leaving many people to mourn the loss of their loved on es .the residents (people who live in the area of the crash ) rallied together to comfort those griev ing, while others removed bodies from the wreckage and did the necessary clean-up. 工程实施困难的条件下在地上的时候。龙卷风和森林火灾破坏自然资源,房屋和其他建筑物,和经常伤害或杀死人。技术的悲剧发生在很少或没有预警,因为我们看到火车事故,飞机起飞后不久就从天空坠落。一样悲惨的灾难,他们似乎显示出人性中最好的。在急诊受训的人到达现场并开始帮助受伤的人则跟设备清除残骸。男人,女人,和年轻人自愿来到事故现场,希望能有帮助。这些无私的善举让我们的世界变得更美好。同情减轻灾害的伤口。 美国航空公司587号航班坠毁不到三分钟后从纽约肯尼迪机场起飞,11月2001。目击者看到一个引擎火灾发展在飞机上的1号引擎位于下飞机的左翼,接着后,客机坠毁八家,完全摧毁了四个260名乘客的飞机遇难连同6人在事故现场,造成许多人悼念失去的亲人,居民(住在崩溃的面积)聚集在一起,安慰那些悲伤,而另一些人则从残骸,并把尸体移走必要的清理。 5.Success can be reached in different ways by people in different careers. Bill Gates began at age to program computers,His vision for personal computing has been central to the success of M icrosoft Corporation, the company he founded with his childhood friend in 1975 . The former CEO of General Electric, Jack Welch, is a business legend. A famous quote by Mr. Welch is,” Chang before you have to. ”He believes in leading by example and encourages his empl oyees to do their best every day. Michael Jordan s aid,”I accept failure, but I can’t accept not trying.” He is one of the best athl etes to ever play team sports. His great smile, athletic achievements, and pleasant personality ha ve made him one of the most famous athletes in the world. Michael Jordan spent a lot of time pla ying basketball as a child but in senior middle school he was taken off the team . Instead of giving up , he worked through adversity and became the greatest basketball player yet .

新编大学英语3 课文翻译及习题答案 unit9

Unit 9 Music In-Class Reading Music to Your Gear 参考译文 音乐与开车 安迪·埃利斯 1 尽管音乐能使你胸中的怒气平息,但是开车时听音乐也会损害你的健康。近期研究表明,听声音很响的音乐会严重地影响司机的注意力,而且心理学家也提醒人们,不断地在车里放这种音乐是很危险的,尤其是处于车流中或在高速公路上开车时。 2 音乐有两个极端,任何一个极端都有可能带来危险。重金属音乐以其强烈的节奏会使人莽撞驾驶,而聆听处于另一个极端的优美的、令人舒心的音乐,会使司机过分放松,以至于丧失安全意识,陷入迷迷糊糊的欲睡状态。 3 英国汽车协会一直关注道路安全,它委托搞了一个项目,研究严重车祸与音乐之间的关系。这项研究发现,17至25年龄段的男人是最危险、最易产生车祸的群体。研究还发现,这个群体的人70%的开车时间都在听音乐。 4 快节奏或重金属音乐要是放得很响,会使人易怒好斗,开起车来就会冲劲十足,这种司机也就更容易去冒险。开车的速度受到了音乐的速度和节奏的控制。 5 在试验中,给那些自愿参加实验的司机听声音很响的音乐,他们说尽管他们不一定感到非要开快车,但的确发现自己换档更快了,加速也快了,刹车更急了。若是让这些司机听慢节奏的抒情曲,他们承认经常感到自己走神,他们在高速公路上长途开车时,至少有两位参试的司机发现自己不知不觉地在跨越车道标记。 6 这些自愿参试的司机(有些刚刚拿到驾驶执照)所发表的意见非常说明问题。十八岁的西蒙告诉英国汽车协会,“《走出地狱的蝙蝠》里的快节奏摇滚乐真会让人送命的。我发现自己不知不觉地越开越快。” 7 另一名自愿参试的司机一直在听ZZ Top乐队最流行的曲子,他说,“我一直在快速行驶,扯着嗓门唱歌,没有看见也没有听见那辆一直想超过我的消防车。” 8 还有些人说:“我陷入了深思”…… “人的感觉会变得麻木” …… “听不见别的汽车是个问题”,“我一直在随着音乐的节奏加快速度。” 9 一些慢节奏的背景音乐,如肖邦的音乐,会刺激人的大脑,使思维模式发生变化,激发阿尔法脑波,使人有一种舒服愉快的感觉。处于放松状态在大多数情况下对我们有好处,但开车时则不然。心理学家雪利?费希尔教授提醒人们说:“最大的危险是疲劳驾驶。有些音乐会使你无法集中注意力,甚至陷入轻度睡眠状态,那样就会造成可怕的惨祸。” 10 “问题的关键在于根据具体情况选择合适的音乐。刺激性的音乐适合在漫长、枯燥的道路上听,但是当交通状况糟糕时,或是交通拥挤时,这种音乐会分散你的注意力。” 11 然而,音乐也有其好的一面,正如英国汽车协会的心理学家罗伯特?韦斯特所指出的那样:“如果有些音乐影响我们安全行驶,那么反过来也是有道理的。

全新版大学英语综合教程unit课文翻译

Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates. 全球化正在扫除国界、改变国与国之间的关系。这对国家的认同和对国家的忠诚会带来什么影响呢?它们会得到加强还是削弱?作者对这些问题进行了探讨。 In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel 1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the ., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $ billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization." 寻找达沃斯人 彼得·甘贝尔 威廉·布劳德出生于新泽西州的普林斯顿,在芝加哥长大,就读于加利福尼亚州的斯坦福大学。但别叫他美国人。他今年40岁,过去16年来一直生活在美国以外的地方,先是在伦敦,1996年后在莫斯科经营他自己的投资公司。布劳德如今掌管着价值16亿美元的资产。1998年,他放弃美国护照,成为英国公民,因为他现在的生活中心在欧洲。“国家认同对我来说不重要,”他说,“我觉得自己完全是个国际人。如果你有四个朋友,又喜欢你所做的事情,那么你在哪儿无关紧要。这就是全球化。” 2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a . citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says. 亚历克斯·曼德尔也是全球化的狂热信徒,但他对自己的看法与布劳德不同。61岁的曼德尔曾任美国电报电话公司总裁。他出生于奥地利,现在经营着一家法国技术公司,该公司在中国的业务与日俱增。他估计自己几乎90%的时间都花在出差上。然而,尽管曼德尔全球到处跑,已经做了45年美国公民的他还是认为自己是个美国人。“我毫不迟疑地把自己当作美国人。我在其他地方度过很多时间,但是这一事实不能改变我是美国人,”他说。 3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and

全新版大学英语综合教程教案

Teaching Planning College English Integrated Course Book Three Unit Two The Freedom Givers Zhong wen 1.Background Information Teacher: zhong wen Students: 56 sophomores Content of the textbook: unit-2 text A the Freedom Givers Textbook: foreign language teaching and research press Time duration:10 minutes 2.Textbook Analysis The author tells three stories about the Underground Railroad and early Black civil rights movement. The three stories are chosen because they are representative of all participants in this movement: John Parke r is a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; Levi Coffin is a brave white “conductor”; Josiah Henson is a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railroad. We learn about the name of Josiah Henson at the beginning of the text, yet his full story is not told until the last part. In this way the author achieves coherence of text. 3.Students Analysis The class is made up of 56 students, with 30 girls and 26 boys ,who have a good knowledge of Basic English, but know very little about the American culture behind the language. So in this introduction part, It is necessary to introduce some background information to the students before reading 4.Teaching Objectives Students will be able to: 1.understand the main idea(early civil-rights struggles in the US, esp. the underground Railroad) 2.grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text, 3.conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit 4.Appreciate the various techniques employed by the writer (comparison and contrast, topic sentence followed by detail sentences, use of transitional devices,etc.); 5.Teaching Procedures: Greetings Step 1 Lead-in T: Today we are going to talk about the ethic heroes in American history, before the class, I’d like to introduce the slavery to all of you. T: Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president of the United States, during his term of office; he led the civil war and abolished the slavery. T: In the battle against slavery, not only did the president try his best to abolish this system, but also the people, especially the black people living in the South America try hard to fight for their own feat. Today, we will introduce some freedom givers in the American history. Before

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