段落翻译原文分析解析

第三课Scotland(原文)

As you linger on the mountain pass to admire the rugged reflection of Beinn an Lochain in the waters of Loch Restil , spare a thought for the weary sheep drovers who used to pause here for breath after the long steep climb from Loch Fyne .”Rest and Be Thankful” is the name of this spot, a title coined by the soldiers who built the first road here 250 years ago. Since then its wild beauty has thrilled generations of crofters and passing travelers. And now you.

Of course your journey through Scotland may not take you this way, but wherever you go you’re in for a treat. You might linger in the Borders to explore the dignified ruins of once-powerful abbeys or fish for plump salmon in the Tweed. Or follow in the footsteps of Rob Roy and Walter Scott through the Trossachs to soak up ”the scenery of a fairy dream”, as Scott described it.Perhap you’ll potter around colourful fishing villages in the Kingdom if Fife and tee off on the Legendary Old Course in St. Andrews. Or venture into Speyside to tickle your tastebuds on the malt whisky trail.

If it’s drama you’re after,you’ll head for the Highlands, a vast swathe of untamed wilderness fringed by mile upon mile of fretted coastline dotted with island. Land and sea collide to create spectacular perspectives, which change with the seasons and within the space of a day. One moment you’re gazing upon rocky mountain peaks, shimmering sea lochs and desolate moors. The next they retreat into a mysterious world of mist and cloud, where the legendary ghosts that inhabit lachside castles seem an credible as the deer you saw grazing on the moors before they vanished from view.

Whichever part of Scotland takes your fancy, history is never far away.You feel it in the brooding presence of Glencoe, evocative of that treacherous night in 1692 when Campbell soldiers slaughtered MacDonalds as they slept. You touch it when you hike through the hills and stumble across the ruins of a deserted shieling. You see it in the weatherworn stones of turreted castles. You hear it in rousing Boeder ballads and haunting Hebridean melodies.

Nowhere is it more pervasive than in Scotland’s dramatic capital city. Stroll through the cobbled streets of the medieval Old Town and remember the monarchs, religious zealots and literary giants who walked this way before you. Visit the castle and uncover 1,000 years of Scotland’s tumultuous past. Have a pint in Deacon Brodie’s Tavern and learn about the devious Edinburgh citizen who inspired Robert Louis Stevenson’s tale of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.

苏格兰（译文）

当你流连于此山口，赞赏雷斯蒂尔湖中贝尔安山嶙峋的倒影时，请想想从前那些疲惫的赶羊人吧！他们从法恩湾出发，沿陡峭山路，经长途跋涉，然后在此歇息。这个山口就叫“歇恩山口”（“歇恩”意为歇下来感恩），此名是250年前再此修筑第一条道路的士兵给起的。从那以后，这里的自然美景便令一代代农人和游客陶醉，而今又令你砰然心动。

当然，你的苏格兰之旅未必会取行此道，但不管你去何方，你肯定都会乐在其中。你也许会漫游在英格兰苏格兰交界地区，探看那些曾经声威赫赫。如今仍不失威严的寺院废墟，或是在特威德河畔钓取肥美的鲑鱼，或是沿罗布-罗伊和司各特当年的足迹，穿越特洛萨克斯河谷，去领略司各特笔下那“梦中的仙境”。你也许会徜徉与法夫郡那些多姿多彩的渔村，在富有传奇色彩的圣安德鲁斯老球场挥上几杆，或是冒险北上去斯佩河酒厂，让扑面而来的威士忌酒香撩拨您的味蕾。

如果你探寻的是富有戏剧性的景象，那就去西北高地吧。那是一片广袤而粗犷的原野，撕走镶嵌着参差的海岸线，点缀着大大小小的岛屿。陆地与大海犬牙交错，形成一道道壮丽的景象，这些景象会随着季节的交替和时辰的更迭而千变万化。你刚刚还在凝视怪石突兀的山峰、波光粼粼的海湾、荒无人烟的沼泽，课忽然间它们便隐入云遮雾障的神秘世界，而在那云雾之间，相传出没于海滨古堡的幽灵似乎确实存在，就像在消逝之前还在沼泽地吃草的鹿一样真切。

苏格兰令你心仪的任何地方都连着一段历史。置身格伦科山谷，你会感到历史之森然，1692年那个背信弃义的冬夜，坎贝尔上尉率兵趁麦克唐纳族人熟睡时将他们杀害。当你穿越绵绵的山丘，偶见荒屋废墟时，你会触摸到历史的脉搏。在古堡塔楼那些风雨侵蚀的石块上，你会看见历史的印记。在动人的边区歌谣和难忘的赫布利底音乐中，你会听见历史的回声。

但历史气息最浓的地方，莫过于极富喜剧色彩的苏格兰首府。漫步于中世纪风格的旧城你那些用鹅卵石铺成的街道，你会想起也曾行于此道上的历代君王、宗教信徒和文坛巨匠。造访那座著名的古堡，你会揭开苏格兰动荡不安的千年历史。到布洛迪会长酒店喝上一杯，你会了解到那位表里不一的爱丁堡市民，据说史蒂文森写《化身博士》就是从他身上获得的灵感。

一个美丽的小四合院（原文）

胡同，是中国传统的街区形式，四合院则是中国的传统民居。四合院最早在西周时期就出现了，有三千多年的历史。北京市元、明、清三代的都城，北京的四合院自然成为中国传统民居的集大成者，其精美的建筑和丰富的文化内

涵常常让参观者流连忘返。金碧辉煌的皇城故宫和青砖灰瓦的胡同四合院共同构成了北京城独特魅力。

北京市东城区美术馆后街22号，是建于明朝的一座老式的标准四合院，有两进院子，一千多平方米。院内养花种草，整齐有序，四季都有宜人的景色。春天里，玫瑰盛开，花的影子散落在地上，满园的春色，一院的缤纷；夏日午后，凌霄花盛开，核桃树下可听知了的鸣叫；秋天时节，天清气爽，能与秋虫低语；冬日的阳光洒在院子里，树木的枝干在阳光的照耀下斜映在屋檐和墙壁上，宁静，温暖，独具韵味。

红色的油漆装扮的房子，灰的砖瓦，规规矩矩，原汁原味。特别难的是，在正房的屋檐下游一对十分罕见的“象眼”砖雕（“象眼”是明代四合院的一大特征），砖雕为阴文，即黑色底，白线描。东边的一块刻得是牡丹花；西边的一块最为精彩，图案左侧是一丛盛开的菊花，右下角的小猫正抬头要去扑捉一只展翅的蝴蝶。线条简洁，生动传神。

屋里有精美的落地雕花隔窗，东西两侧的隔扇风格不同但同样精美。房间的陈设既有东方的风格又有西方的特色，既有古代的收藏又有现代的摆设。名人的字画和明代的书桌，相互呼应，典雅又华丽。

A beautiful Courtyard House（译文）

Traditional Chinese neighborhood is called Hutong and traditional Chinese residence for city dwellers is known as Siheyuan---a courtyard house on four sides. Courtyard house came into existence as early as in the Western Zhou Dynasty dating back to over 3000 years gao. As Beijing severed respectively as the capital of three dynasities, namely the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, needless to say, the courtyard house in Beijing represents the quintessence of traditional Chinese residential house. Their exquisite architecture and rich cultural connotation are so inviting to their visitors that many of them simply cannot tear themselves away from it. The magnificent imperial city, now popularly known as the Palace Museum, together with the residential compound of grey bricks and tiles contribute to the unique attraction of the city.

In the street behind the Art Museum, East District, Beijing Municipality, there stands an old-style standard compound with traditional Chinese houses on four sides—NO.32. Built as early as in the Ming Dynasty and composed of two courtyard, this courtyard house has a total floor space of over 1,000 square metres. Grown with flowers and plants and carpeted with lawns, the courtyards look neat and orderly, presenting pleasing scenes all the year round. When spring roses are in full bloom and their shadows spread on the lawns, the courtyards are turned into a perfect of spring, a world of colours. Late on summer afternoon, Chinese trumpet creepers begin budding. Sitting in the shade of walnut trees, one can communicate in whisper with the insects. In winter when the courtyard are bathed in the sunshine, and slanting branches of the tree silhouetted against the eaves and walls, a serene, warm picture unfolds itself before our eyes with an irresistible charm of its own.

Painted red against gray bricks and tiles, these houses around the courtyards look neat and rectangular, kept as it had been for hundreds of years without any artificial touch. What is unusual about it is that under the eaves of the principal house there is a pair of brick carvings known as “elephant eyes”, rarely seen nowadays. Characteristic of the courtyard house in the Ming Dynasty, these brick carvings are cut in intaglio---white tracing pattern against dark backguound. On the brick to the east is a craved peony. Something more interesting is to be found on the brick to the west---a bunch of carved chrysanthemum in full blossom, whereas to the right of the brick, a kitten is looking up, ready to capture a butterfly on wings, lines simple and neat, lifelike and expressive.

Inside the house, stand two carved partition boards, reaching from floor to ceiling, one to the left, the other to the west. Though in different styles, they are equally attractive. And the interior decoration also shows a perfect harmony of two seemingly diametrical styles, oriental and western; collections of antiques go side by side with modern decorations, paintings and calligraphy by celebrities above the desk handed from the Ming Dynasty, echoing each other, graceful and gorgeous.

第四课Walk It Off（原文）

When it comes to walking off those millennial excesses, a lengthy hike once a day will do you far more good than nipping down to the shops every couple of hours—even if the short walks add up to the same the same amount of time, say exercise researchers in Britain. But walks of any length beat sitting at home with your feet up and watching television, they stress.

Steve Bird and his colleagues in the department of sport and exercise science at Canterbury Christ Church University College in Kent reached these conclusions after putting 56 couch potatoes through an 18-week course of daily walks.

They found that longer walks produce the most benificial changes to the composition of blood fats, but walks of any length improve the fitness of the heart. “It’s the sort of thing that can make the heart 10 year younger,” says Bird.

To find out, Bird divided his normally inactive subjects into three toughly equal groups. The “long walkers ” took a hike of between 20 and 40 minutes every day. “Intermediate walkers” had two bouts of 10 to 15 minutes, and “short walkers” did three stints of 5 to 10 minutes. The controls sat at home, as usual.

At the start and end of the 18 weeks, Bird measured the health and fitness of each group. He found that the long walkers were healthiest, as measured by altered fat profiles in their blood.

At the end, each litre of blood from the long walkers contained on average 0.05 grams less apolipoprotein 2, a “bad” fat that is linked with heart disease. This was more than twice the drop seen in the intermediate walkers, and five times that in short walkers. In the controls , the level of this fat stayed the same. The drop in apolipoprotein 2 in the long walkers was matched by a rise in rhe blood level of apolipoprotein 1, a “good” fat that is associated with unclogged arteries.

散步减肥（译文）

英国研究运动的人士说，就散步减肥而言，每天做一次长距离步行给你带来的好处远远超过每隔几小时逛一次商场——即使短距离步行累计的时间相同。不过，他们强调说，不论步行的距离有多少，都比呆在家里架着双腿看电视要好的多。

英国肯特郡坎特伯雷基督教堂大学学院体育与运动系的史蒂夫.博德及其同事是在让56名电视迷参加为期18周的日常步行锻炼后，得出的上述结论。

他们发现，距离较长的步行使血液脂肪的成分发生最有益于健康的变化，但任何距离的步行都可以促进心脏健康。博德说：“步行可以使人的心脏年轻十岁。”

为了得出结论，博德把这些不常参加锻炼的人分成数量大致相等的三组。“长距离步行者”每天步行20至40分钟。“中距离步行者”每天步行两次，每次10至15分钟；“短距离步行者”每天步行三次，每次5到10分钟。用作实验对照的人和往常一样平时待在家里。

博德分别在实验开始时和18个星期后对每个小组成员的健康状况进行检查。他发现，根据血液中测定的脂肪变化情况，长距离步行者的身体最为健康。

最终，长距离步行者每升血液中所含的载脂蛋白2（一种与心脏病有关的“有害”脂肪）的含量平均不到0.05克。这一数字比中距离步行者低一半以上，相当于短距离步行者的1/5,。那些用作实验对照的人，其脂肪含量保持不变。长距离步行者载脂蛋白2的下降部分与血液中载脂蛋白1的上升部分相当，而载脂蛋白1是一种与动脉疏通有关的“有益”的脂肪。

无题（原文）

静下来想想，我这样一个出身贫寒、经历坎坷的人，居然能活到92岁，实在有点奇怪。

过了80岁，经常有人问我，有什么养生之道。我不仅不懂的养生，而且还有一些不好的习惯。

我性急图快，走路快，下笔快，吃饭更快，简直是狼吞虎咽，因此，得了胃病、十二指肠溃疡。医生治好了我的病，但没有治好我的习惯。

我偏食。“史无前例”的那十年之前，我不吃瓜，很少吃蔬菜和水果。70年代进了秦城监狱，天天窝窝头，顿顿萝卜白菜，这样才勉强改造过来，但一旦出狱，依旧我行我素，少吃菜果如故。

我不喝酒，但从30岁那年开始抽烟，先是偶尔为之，后来上了瘾。在文化部工作那十年，每天两包（40支），连手指也熏黄了，到晚上唇干舌燥，也毫无戒意。当然，这中间也有曲折。进秦城之后，被强制戒了。但回家后，第一件事就是向家人要烟。为了检验自己的意志力，主动戒了几个月，没有事，又抽上了。有人在报刊上写文章讲吸烟有害，我认为，这是危言耸听，有逆反心理。歪道理的理由是，我烟龄几十年还活到这把年纪。奇怪的是，两年前的一个早上，点上一支烟，觉得不是滋味，从此，不戒自戒。在我的吸烟史画了一个句号。

话说回来，一个人的健康，要从生理、心理、适应能力这三个方面来决定。我能活到现在，大概是总结了过去几十年的经验教训，卸下了思想包袱，不生气，不悲观。我这个人还有一个好处，就是求知欲强，趣味广泛。上至天下大事，小至草木鱼虫，我都有兴趣爱好。我养过鸟，养过狗，现在还养猫；集邮、搜集书画我都着过迷；看电视、听广播，除新闻外，主要是看球，特别是足球。意大利甲级联赛的录像，我每场必看，只是我好胜心强，中国队在国际比赛中受挫，我就生气。

近年来，朋友写信和来访总要说“祝你健康长寿”。我说：寿不能太长，有生有死，这是常道，人人长寿，生而不死，试想，孔老夫子、秦始皇、袁世凯、蒋介石都还活着，这将是怎样一个世界！

人世间，万事万物，都有一定的规律，掌握了这个规律，才能改革和创造。我认为，习惯不属于意识形态范围，它有一种“惯性”。所以，古人说：习之难改也甚矣。当然，这是说难改，不是说不能改。只要下了决心，持之以恒，习惯还是可以改的。

No Title（译文）

Often, in my moment of contemplation, I find it amazing that a man like me who was born of a poor family and has suffered a lifetime of frustrations should have lived to the age of 92.

When I was in my eighties, people often asks me for advice on how to keep in good health. But the fact is, instead of a recipe for healthy living, I have some very bad habits.

I’m impetuous and tend to rush all things. I walk quickly, I write quickly, I eat even more quickly or, so to speak, just wolf down my food, As a result I became ill with duodenitis. The doctor at last cured me of my stomach trouble, but not of my bad habit of eating quickly.

‘m a picky eater. Prior to the outbreak of the 10-year domestic political turmoil in 1966,I refused to eat melon, and seldom took vegetable and fruit. During the seventies, when I was confined in jail in Qincheng my daily three meals consisted of nothing but corn buns plus turnip and Chinese cabbage, That, however, cured me of my being choosy about food. But, once out of prison, I slipped back to my old self, takig little vegetable and fruit.

I’m a teetotaler, but I began to smoke at the age of 30. At first I did it only occasionally, but later I became addicted to it. During the ten years when I was with the Ministry of Culture, I used to consume two packs a day, containing 40 cigarettes, till my fingers were yellowed and lips and tongue parched, But I still couldn’t get out of the tobacco habit. Smoking was banned in prison, but as soon as I was released the first thing I did was to ask my folks for a cigarette. Once, by way of testing my willpower, I stopped smoking for several months, but only to end up in a relapse. Some people dwelled on the harmfulness of smoking in articles published in newspapers or magazines. To me, however, they were exaggerating things just to scare people and sort of manifesting a rebellious mentality. I reasoned lamely that decades of heavy smoking hadn’t shortened my life at all. Strange to say, early on a certain morning two years ago, my first cigarette of the day happened to be so sickening that I subbed it out immediately and from then on smoked no more. That marked the beginning of my clean break with cigarettes.

Three things, however, have much to do with one’s health, namely, physiology, psychology and adaptability. That I’ve lived to this age is probably due to my effort to sum up my personal experience of the past decades and draw a lesson from it. I’ve never been weighed down by cares. I never get angry or become pessimistic. Another strong point of mine is that I’m always thirsting for knowledge and have many-sided interests. My interests rang over a wide field, from major events ay home and abroad to plants and trees, and fish and worms. I used to raise birds and dogs, and now I keep cats. I was once crazy about philately and collecting books and paintings. I watch TV or listen to the radio, not only for news but mainly for ball games, soccer in particular. I watch each and every Italian Series A Match without fail. Only, due to my eagerness for national honor, it always makes me mad to see the Chinese Team lose out in international matches.

In recent years, when friends write or call on me, they have often greeted me by saying, “May you have good health and a long life!” Well, I think life shouldn’t be excessively long. Some come into this world while some depart from it, that is the way of all flesh. What if everybody should an undying life? What would become of this world if Cofucius, Qinshihuang, Yuan Shikai and Chiang Kai-shek were still alive today!

In this human world, thing all go by certain rules. Only by grasping these rules can we make reforms and create. I think habits do not come under the category of ideology, but have something to do with inertia. That’s why the ancients say, “Old habit die hard.”Nevertheless, it doesn’t mean that habits are impossible of being broken. With strong resolution and perseverance, we can certainly break ourselves of old habits.

第五课Globalization of Sporting Culture（原文）

Massive changes in all of the world’s deeply cherished sporting habits are underway. Whether it’s one of London’s parks full of people playing softball, and Russians taking up rugby, or the Superbowl rivaling the British Football Cup final as a televised spectator even in Britain, the patterns of players and spectators are changing beyond recognition. We are witnessing a globalization of our sporting culture.

That annual bicycle race, the Yourde France, much loved by the French, is a good case in point. Just a few years back it was a strictly continental affair with France, Belgium, Holland, Spain and Italy taking part, but in recent years it has been dominated by Colombian mountain climbers, American and Irish riders.

The people who really matter welcome the shift toward globalization. Peugeot, Michelin and Panasonic are multi-national corporations that want worldwide returns for the millions they invest in them. So it does them literally a world of good to see this unofficial world championship become just that.

This is undoubtedly an economy-based revolution we are witnessing here, one made possible by communications technology, but made to happen because of marketing consideration. Sell the game and you can sell Coca Cola or Budweiser as well.

The skillful way in which American football has been sold to Europe is a good example of how all sports will develop. The aim, of course, is not really to spread the sport for its own sake, but to increase the number of people interested in the major moneymaking event. The economic of the Superbowl are already astronomical. With seat sat $125,gate receipts alone were a staggering $10,000,000. The most important statistic of the day, however, was the $100,000,000 in TV advertising fees. Imagine how much that becomes when the eye of the world are watching.

So it came as a terrible shock ,but not really as a surprise, to learn that some people are now suggesting that soccer change from being a game of two 45-minute halves, to one of four 25-minute quarters. The idea is unashamedly to capture more advertising revenue without giving any thought for the integrity of a sport which relies for its essence on the flowing nature of the action.

Moreover, as sport expand into world markets, and as our choice of sports as consumers also grow, so we will demand to see them played at a higher and higher level. In boxing we have alrealy seen numerous, dubious world title categories because people will not pay to see anything less than a ”world Title ”fight. And this means that the title fights have to be held in different countries around the world!

体育的全球化（译文）

世界上广为人们接受的运动习惯正发生着巨大的变化。伦敦的公园里到处是玩垒球的人，而俄罗斯人爱上了橄榄球，美国橄榄球联合会超级杯赛和英国足球杯总决赛更是成为英国电视观众竞相争看的赛事。运动员和观众的行为都在发生着变化，让人难以捉摸。我们正目睹着体育文化步入全球化的过程。

一年一度的深受法国人喜爱的环法自行车赛就是一个很好的例证。几年前，该赛事还仅局限于欧洲范围内，参赛国只有法国、比利时、荷兰、西班牙和意大利。而最近几年，参加该赛事的主要选手是哥伦比亚的登山运动员和美国、爱尔兰的骑车运动员。

真正于此利益相关的人是欢迎这种体育全球化发展趋势的。标致、米其林和松下这些跨国公司都希望（通过体育全球化）为其在世界范围内的投资赢得巨额利润。因此，这些非官方的世界锦标赛日益国际化的现象会使这些跨国公司受益无穷。无疑，我们正目睹着一场以经济利益为导向的变革：一场借助现代通讯技术、考虑市场利益的巨大变革。兜售比赛，就可以推销可口可乐或百威啤酒。

美式足球（美国橄榄球）已被巧妙的推向欧洲，这一例子足以说明未来体育将如何发展。当然，美式足球走向欧洲的目的并非是为了普及该运动，而是为了使有兴趣观看那些能赚钱的体育比赛的人数不断增加。美国橄榄球联合会超级杯赛带来的经济效益是个天文数字。以每位观台125美元计算，仅门票收入就有一千万美元之巨。然而，比赛那天最重要的数字是电视广告赚到的一亿美元。设想一下，全世界人的眼睛都在观看比赛时，那将化为多少收入！

所以获知有人建议对足球赛进行改革，即将两个45分钟的半场改为四个25分钟的比赛，真的让人感到震惊，而不只是奇怪。这个主意让人汗颜，因为它想的只是牟取更多的广告收入，却根本不考虑运动的整体效果，即运动的本质上的连续性和流畅性。

此外，随着体育赛事进入全球市场，以及我们消费者对观看比赛的选择余地的扩大，我们想看层次越来越高的比赛。我们已经看到了许多世界级的拳击比赛，尽管有些比赛颇有争议。人们不愿花钱去看那些没有世界级选手参加的比赛。这就意味着世界级的比赛必须在世界不同的国家举行。

世界文明共存（原文）

进入21世纪，世界形式继续发生深刻变化，多极化与经济全球化在曲折中深入发展，新情况、新矛盾层出不穷。随着经济全球化的发展，许多西方学者热衷于探讨不同文明之间的关系。在不少学者的论点背后，可以感觉到西方文明优越论的强烈色彩。许多西方学者甚至认为，如果没有西方价值观体系，就没有任何社会可以真正的实现现代化。亚洲国家也有不少人开始怀疑自身的文化传统能否孕育出现代化精神。

显然，这种怀疑是缺乏依据的。各民族走过了不同的历史发展道路，有着不同的文化背景、社会制度和价值观念，延续着不同的生活方式。正是这种多样性让世界充满了竞争、活力和创新。各国之间应加强交流和了解，在相互尊重和平等相待的基础上共同前进，而不应让这种多样性成为阻碍各国人民携手共进的隔阂，更不应人为地从中挑起对立和冲突。尊重和发展世界文明的多样性，并在这种多样性中找到共同利益之所在，是人类社会向前发展的伟大动力。

如果用孔子的“仁学”理论处理不同文明之间的关系，那么，不同文明之间就不会发生冲突或者战争，，从而实现“文明的共存”。孔子说：“君子和而不同，小人同而不和。”他认为，有道德有学问的君子应该做到能在不同中和谐相处；而不讲道德没有学问的人往往因强迫别人接受他的主张而不能和谐相处。如果我们把“和而不同”用作处理不同文化之间的关系的原则，它对于解决当今不同国家与民族之间的纷争将起到非常积极的作用，特别是在解决不同民族之间因文化上的不同而引起的矛盾冲突方面意义重大。

总之，不同文明之间的相处应超越社会制度和意识形态的差异。各国应努力寻求共同利益的汇合点，遵循世界是丰富多彩的原则，采取相互学习、取长补短的积极态度，以利共同发展，而不应用一种政治制度和发展模式去规范整个世界。

Coexistence of World’s Civilizations(译文)

Since the arrival of 21st century, the world has continued to undergo profound changes. World multi-polarization and economic globalization are developing in greater depth amid twists and turns with new trouble and contradictions emerging one after another. With the development of economic globalization, many scholars in the West have taken great interest in discussing the relationship between different civilization, However, behind the arguments of some scholars, one can discern a strong sense of superiority of Western civilization. Quite a few Western scholars even believe that without embracing the Western value system, no society in the world would ever be able to achieve modernization. Many people in Asian countries have also begun to doubt if their own cultural tradition can nurture the spirit of modernization.

Obviously, this kind of suspicion is groundless. Different nations have traversed different roads of historical development. Each nation with its own cultural background, social system and value, will continue to lead a life in its own way. It’s this diversity that has filled the world with competition, vigor and innovation. Countries should enhance exchanges and understanding, and move ahead together on the basis of mutual respect and equality. They should not allow the diversity to be a barrier to their progress, still less should they deliberately provoke confrontation and conflict. The advance of human society will certainly be pushed forward if we can respect and develop the diversity of civilizations, and identify common interests amid the diversity at the same time.

Should Confucius’ notion of “benevolence” be applied to the handling of relations between different civilizations, there would be no conflicts or war, thereby bringing about the coexistence of civilizations. Confucius said, “Gentlemen are in harmony with each other in spite of differences between them, whereas base persons are in disharmony with each other in spite of apparent uniformity”. In his opinion, gentlemen with good learning and moral integrity should be able live in harmony with other people in spite of difference. However, people with little learning or no moral integrity would find themselves on bad terms with other people, as they often impose their own views upon others. If we can apply the concept of “being harmonious while remaining different” as a principle to handling relations between different cultures, then it will play an extremely positive role in resolving disputes between nations.

In general, it’s essential for civilizations to coexist with each other by transcending different social systems and ideology. All countries should work hard to seek convergence of common interests, honor the principle that the world is colorful and diversified, and adopt a positive attitude of learning from each other to make up for their respective to model the whole world after one political system or development pattern.

第七课The Aim, Basic principle and Scope of Application of the Criminal law(原)

Article 1 In order to publish crime and protect the people, this Law is enacted on the basis of Constitution and in the light of the concrete experiences and actual circumstances in China’s fight against crimes.

刑法的任务、基本原则和适用范围

第一条为了惩罚犯罪，保护人民，根据宪法，结合我国同犯罪作斗争的具体经验和实际情况，制定本法。

第二条中华人民共和国刑法的任务，是用刑法同一切犯罪行为作斗争，以保卫国家安全，保卫人民民主专政的政权和社会主义制度，保护国家财产和劳动群众集体所有的财产，保护公民私人所有的财产，保护公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他权利，维护社会秩序、经济秩序，保障社会主义建设事业的顺利进行。

第三条法律明文规定为犯罪行为的，依据法律定罪处刑；法律没有明文规定为犯罪行为的，不得定罪处刑。

第四条对任何人犯罪，在适用法律上一律平等。不允许任何人有超越法律的特权。

第五条刑罚的轻重，应当与犯罪分子所犯罪行和承担的刑事责任相适应。

第六条凡在中华人民共和国领域内犯罪的，除法律有特别规定的以外，都适用本法。

凡在中华人民共和国船舶或者航空器内犯罪的，也适用于本法。犯罪的行为或者结果有一项发生在中华人民共和国领域内的，就被认为是在中华人民共和国领域内犯罪。

第七条中华人民共和国公民在中华人民共和国领域外犯本法规定之罪的，适用于本法。但是按本法规定的最高刑为3年以下有期徒刑的，可以不予追究。

中华人民共和国国家工作人员和军人在中华人民共和国领域外犯本法规定之罪的，适用本法。

Salvage Measure and Legal Liabilities in Marriage and Family Law

Article 43 Where a person indulges in family violence or maltreatments a family member, the victim shall have the right to advance a request; the neighbourhood committee, villagers or the unit where they belong to, shall persuade the person to stop doing it and conduct mediation.

Where a person in committing family violence, the victim shall have the right to advance a request; the neighbourhood committee, villagers committee shall persuade the person to stop doing it; the public security organ shall stop such violence.

Where the victim advance a request, the public security organ shall, in accordance with the legal provisions on administrative penalties for public security, impose an administrative penalty on the person who commits family violence or maltreatment of a family member.

Article 44 The family member who is abandoned shall have the right to advance request; the neighbourhoodd committee, villagers committee or the unit where they belong to, shall persuade the person to stop doing it and conduct mediation.

Where the abandoned family member advances a request, the People’s Court shall, in accordance with law, make the judgment on payment by the person who abandons the family member to the victim for the costs of maintenance, upbringing or support.

Article 45 The person who commits bigamy, family violence, maltreatment or abandonment of a family member, if it constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with law. The victim may, in accordance with relevant provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law, lodge a private prosecution with the People’s Court; the public security organ shall investigate the case in accordance with law, and the People’s Procuratorate shall institute public prosecution in accordance with law.

Article 46 where one of the following circumstances leads to divorce, the unerring party shall have the right to claim compensation:

(1) bigamy is committed;

(2) one party who has a spouse cohabits with another person of the opposite sex;

(3) family violence is committed; or

(4)a family member is maltreated or abandoned.

第八课“乐园”已丧失了吗？

这个星球上的所有植物对大自然已失去话语权，所有的动物对大自然也无所谓有什么“态度”可言。然而，万物之中竟有一种称之为“人类”的动物，它具有自我意识，而且还能感知周围的环境，因此对于自然可以做出态度上的选择，这真让人感到不可思议。人类凭借智慧开始对宇宙产生疑问，并对宇宙奥秘开始探索，以弄清真谛。他们对宇宙抱有科学和道德双重态度。讲科学的人一心要了解其居住的地球的内部和外部的化学成分、四周大气层的厚薄、辐射到顶部大气层上的宇宙光的多少和性质、地球上的山石构成，以及支配生命的一般定律。科学兴趣和道德观有一定的联系，但是科学兴趣本身只是一种求知和探索的单纯愿望。另一方面，道德观却千差万别：有点主张与自然和谐相处，有的主张彻底征服自然，有的主张主宰自然为我所用，有的则自傲不凡藐视自然。持藐视态度的道德观是某些文明的奇特产物，尤其是某些宗教的奇特产。它源于“失乐园”的虚构故事。说来奇怪，这个虚构故事不过是远古时代的一个宗教传说，而现在却被普遍的信以为真。

令人感到不可思议的是，从未有人对“失乐园”故事的真实性产生过质疑。那个伊甸园到底有多美呢？相比之下，现在的宇宙到底又有多丑陋呢？难道自从夏娃和亚当犯了罪以后，花儿就不在开了吗？难道就因为一个人犯罪，上帝就诅咒苹果树，禁止它开花结果，下令让所有的花儿失颜色衰吗？难道百灵鸟、夜莺和云雀再也不会碲唱了吗？难道山顶上已没有积雪，湖面上已没有倒影了吗？难道今天再也看不到红霞满天的落日，七彩涂抹的霓虹，笼罩村野的云雾了吗？难道飞流的瀑布、淙淙溪水、浓荫绿树已经悄然而逝了吗？“乐园”已经“丧失”，今天的我们住在丑陋不堪的宇宙中，那么又是谁制造了这一神话般的结果呢？真正的答案是：我们——上帝的一群不肖子孙！

China’s Environment Preservation State Policy

As a developing country, China is faced with the dual tasks of developing its economy and protecting the environment. However, China suffers an increasing disparity between economic development and natural resources and the environment with a large population, relative insufficiency in natural resources and expanding economy. The serious environmental problem caused by severe pollution, deteriorating ecological conditions, huge consumption of resources and low reclamation has already become a bottleneck for the sustainable development of the Chinese economy.

In view of the country’s circumstance, China, while implementing its modernization blue-print in a comprehensive way, has taken environmental conservation as one of its basic state policies and regarded sustainable economic development as an

important strategy. Meanwhile, it has launched a nationwide campaign to prevent and tread pollution as well as to protect the ecological environment. As a result, the deterioration of its environment has been largely brought under control. It has been proved that our practice in striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection has turned out to be quite effective. Only by making rational use of natural resources and coexisting with nature in harmony can humans preserve and develop the civilization they have created, enjoying growth and prosperity through a harmonious relationship with nature.

As a member of the international community, China, while endeavoring to protect its own environment, is taking an active part in the world’s moves concerned with environmental conservation to promote international cooperation in environmental protection. Besides, it has earnestly fulfilled its international obligations. All this has fully shown the sincerity and resolution of the Chinese government and people to protect the global environment. What has China done to protect its own environment? In brief, we’ve introduced these measures:

(1) Choosing a right strategy for sustainable development;

(2) Improving the legal and administrative systems steadily;

(3) Preventing and controlling industrial pollution, and improving the urban environment in an all-around way;

(4) Encouraging land reclamation and protecting the rural environment on a large scale;

(5) Preserving the ecological environment;

(6) Speeding up the development of environment-friendly science and technology;

(7) Popularizing knowledge of environmental preservation and enhancing people’s awareness of environment-protecting ethics;

(8) Taking measures to promote the international cooperation in environmental preservation.

In one word, China is determined to take a new road in the course of industrialization characterized by high technology, good economic returns, low energy consumption, minimum environmental pollution, and full play of labor resources. The human race is still faced with many difficulties while dealing with the issue of the environment and development. The task is demanding and the road ahead is long. China, as always, will cooperate with other nations to protect the environment which we depend on for survival. We will make every effort to bring happiness and prosperity to humanity and create a bright for our next generations as well.

第十课股票市场与投资

股票市场是怎样影响商业投资的？直接的影响有三种。其一是股市历来被当作一个晴雨表，能反映出有商业意识的群体在总体上的期待。我们用“有商业意识的”而不用“商界”，是因为证券的供求主要是来自证券商、股票经纪人和投资大众，而不是来自非金融性的企业本身。当股市走强时，给企业的信号便是“商业气候”有利，对凯恩斯所说的企业主管的“投资士气”而言，则会鼓舞他们放手去扩大业务。反过来，当股市下跌时，士气往往受挫，面对普遍的令人悲观的情绪，主管们在扩大规模前会考虑再三。

然而，政府对经济活动走向日益加大的影响力极大的削弱了这一传统的关系。商界一度曾以股市为预测未来的重要信号，现在这个信号转为美国政府。因而在过去股市大幅震荡的十年里，企业在工厂和设备方面的投资一直基本保持稳定。这反映了企业管理者们的感受，即无论股市对发生的事件作任何反应，政府的政策都会使经济保持增长。

股市对投资的另一个直接的影响与新证券轻而易举的上市有关。为投资项目筹资的一个方法是发行新股或债券，其所得可用来购买工厂和设备。股市行情上涨时要比下跌时更容易让新股上市。这对某些企业尤其如此，比如严重依赖发行股票而非留存资金筹资的公共服务类企业。

最后一点影响是，股市低迷时，储备资金雄厚的公司可能想去并购其他公司，而不把资金用于基本建设支出。换言之，金融性投资可能取代实质性投资。这当然有助于业绩优秀的公司发展壮大，但并不直接推动整体经济的增长。

Culture and International Business

The success of failure of a company abroad depends on how effectively its employees can exercise their skills in a new location, That ability will depend on both their job-related expertise and the individual’s sensitivity and responsiveness to the new cultural environment, One of the most common factors contributing to failure in international business assignments is the erroneous assumption that if a person is successful in the home environment, he or she will be equally successful in applying technical expertise in a different culture.

Research has shown that failures in the overseas business setting most frequently result from an inability to understand and adapt to foreign ways of thinking and acting rather than from technical or professional incompetence. At home, businesspeople very often equip themselves with a vast amount of knowledge of their employees, customers, and business partners. Market

research provides detailed information on value, attitudes, and buying preference of the consumers; managers are well versed in the intricacies of their organization’s culture; and labor negotiators must be highly sensitive to what motivates those on the other side of the table. Yet when businesspeople turn to the international arena, they will have to deal with customer, employees, and fellow workers with a dearth of information that at home would be unimaginable.

Just as inattention to the cultural context can result in some costly blunders in marketing and management, and it also can affect seriously the success of international business negotiations. If businesspersons are to meet the challenges of an increasingly interdependent world, they will need to develop a better understanding of how cultural variables influence international business enterprises. A healthy dialogue between cultures and members of the international business community will be an important step in achieving that needed understanding.

第十三课课堂新战争：教师与科技的对决

去年秋天，罗阿诺克学院阿里*纳齐米教授的市场研究课程业已学期过半。有一天，他宣布在他的课堂上对使用手机采取零容忍政策。话音未落，就听到明显的手机铃声。他循声望去，发现一个名叫尼尔*诺兰的年轻人正手忙脚乱的摆弄手机，试图在被抓之前关掉它。

“尼尔，我能看看你的手机吗？”纳齐米教授说，与其与其说是询问不如说是命令。这名学生交出了手机。纳齐米教授打开公文包，取出一把锤子，将这个违规的玩意砸了个稀巴烂。整个教室的学生脸都下白了。

“我以后怎么给我妈打电话啊？”尼尔问道。纳齐米教授不予回答，一个同学于是建议：“哥们，你可以告他。”

有一件事我们要明白，课堂上发生的这一幕是事先策划编排好的，尼尔*诺兰自始至终都是这出双簧的参与者。那是他母亲的一部闲置手机，已停机多时。

纳齐米教授上周接受电话采访时，证明了计算机时代不计其数的老师、教授们的恼怒。他们与叛逆而不专心听讲的学生之间旷日持久的消耗战已经升级，所要面对的已不再是揪马尾辫、抛纸团、笔记本涂鸦之类的老师玩闹，而是笔记本电脑、手机、黑莓手机之类的高科技装备。

可怜的男女教师们现在不得不与短信、即时聊天、高校学生注册网、易趣、网络视频、免费游戏在线及其他教学瘟疫抗衡。

纳齐米教授说：“有些界限是不能逾越的。如果你对此类事情表示容忍，它就会成为家常便饭，而且你越让步，他们越得寸进尺。同时处理多项事情固然不错，但我要的是他们在我的课堂上完成更多的课内任务。”

对此，我们只能说声“阿门”。然后加上一句：可惜这位好心人注定要失败。

各级学校都已为学生提供了笔记本电脑、配备计算机实验室、建设无线网络系统等。所有这些进步据称都是为了促进学习，结果却反而分散了学生们的注意力。或许，学生的出勤记录上应该新添一栏：人在课堂却心不在焉。

自然，许多学生以及为数不多的高科技支持者，会把这种现象归咎为客车乏味。毕竟，时下教育界行话中最尖锐的一个职责便是“以教师为中心的课堂”。

“这样的托词我都听腻了，”布戈雅教授说。愿他长命百岁，事业有成。“课程内容乏味的说法其实是相对的。与什么相比乏味呢？在“易趣上买鞋子吗？事实是我们来到课堂上不是为了娱乐，而是为了激发思维的活力。”

“教育需要沉思，”他接着说，“需要批判性思考。我们现在多做的可能是培养了一代空中交管员，而不是学者。而卧知道胜利肯定不属于我。”

人们只能寄予这种希望：若不抗争，就不会有胜利。

正如科幻小说家多年来预言的那样，技术终将战胜容易出错的人类。有哪个老师或教授能够一边监督着满教室一心混日子的学生，一边又绘声绘色的授课呢？

Don’t leave Happiness in the Dust of Success

A college student once told me, “I don’t need to be happy – just successful.”

At the time, I let it pass – student, after all, regularly say surprising things. Indeed, I like this quality in their conversations.

But this assertion has an unsetting quality to it once you let it seep in. The student dismisses happiness in such a perfunctory way, It’s as if she is saying, “Let’s get on the important stuff – professional success.”

She is not alone in he feeling. At a workshop for college professors, I listened to a drama professor describe an acting class in which he asked students to write about times in their lives when they had experienced strong emotions, such as anger or jealousy. Guess the emotions they found hardest to convey? Joy.

I have a memory from my own undergraduate years – a headline in the campus newspaper: “Why Aren’t We Happy?” As the headline suggests, we fell far short of joy in our lives. Yet at least happiness was still on the agenda. What underlies the tendency of many of us, like my success-seeking student, to give up genuinely trying?

My student who stresses success divorces her pleasure from the achievement she regards as worthy, severing her higher aspirations from her immediate desires.

True joy requires choices that develop into habits that evolve into character. And that’s work we can’t delegate.

The essential first step is trying to live a less fearful life – one that avoids collapsing life’s possibilities before exploring them. It entails welcoming uncertainty. It means being comfortably in complete.

My success-starved student is uncomfortably incomplete, anxious over what she is not.I wish I could tell her how much I enjoy my life now.

汉英翻译70句分析解析

1)这种力，是一般人看不见的生命力，只要生命存在，这种力就要显现。 It is an invisible force of life. So long as there is life, the force will show itself. 2)凭窗站了一会，微微的觉得凉意侵入。转过身来，忽然眼花缭乱，屋子里的别的东 西，都隐在光云里；…… Standing at the window for a while, I felt a bit chilly. As I turned round, my eyes suddenly dazzled before the bright light and could not see things distinctly. Everything in the room was blurred by a haze of light. 3)这架收音机该有多大的重量啊！它载着解放区人民的心，载着全中国人民的希望， 载着我们国家的命运。 What a heavy load this aerorplane bore! It carried the hearts of the people of the liberated areas,the hopes of the entire Chinese people,and the destiny of our country. 4)看着信，林震不禁独自笑起来了，他拿起笔把“中于”改成“终于”，准备在回信 时告诉他们下次要避免别字。 Reading the letter, Lin couldn’t help smiling to himself. He changed “rite” to “right” thinking that he should tell them to be more careful with their spelling next time they wrote. 5)人无千日好，花无百日红。 Man cannot be always fortunate;flowers don’t last forever. 6)除了我这间房，大院里还有二十多间房呢。一共住着多少家子，谁说得清？住两间 房的就不多，又搭上今儿个搬来，明儿个又搬走。我没那么好的记性。大家见面，招呼声“吃了吗？”透着和气。 Besides the room I occupy, there are more than twenty rooms in the same compound. How many families are living there?Only Gold knows. Few of them occupy two rooms. Besides, they are always on the go. Some move in today and others move out tomorrow. I haven’t got such a good memory as to remember all of them. When people meet, they pass the time of the day with each other, just to show their neighbor feelings.

段落翻译英文

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英语段落翻译

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1稍等一会儿，我会帮助你的。（for a while） 2他们作了自我介绍。(introduce) 3请去查询下班火车什么时候开。(find out) 4昨天下午2时到4时你在做什么？(过去进行时) 5我正在吃晚饭，电话铃响了。(when) 6不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢游泳。(be fond of) 7他今天感到身体好多了。(a lot) 8礼堂里早已挤满了高中学生。(be full of) 9我在街上走时，看到了一些古老的建筑物。(while) 10我走近花园时，几个男孩子在爬树。(用过去进行时) 11请脱下你的旧上衣，穿上这件新的。(take off, put on) 12这件事是什么时候发生的？（happen） 13他去办公室查询课程表.(ask abut) 14当我们到达车站时，火车已开出了。(过去完成时) 15他服药后，开始感到好些了.(过去完成时) 16 我观看体育节目你有意见吗? (mind) 17我还没有读完那本有关伦敦的书.(finish) 18 他没有跟我说一声就离开了山村。(without) 19我告诉她我已把餐具洗好了。(过去完成时) 20汤姆上楼去他的卧室时，他的姐姐已把他的上衣改短了一英寸。(过去完成时) 21我和汤姆都盼望早日见到您。(look forward to) 22全世界的人都在电视上观看奥运会.(all over the world) 23我听说这场比赛将延期。(put off) 24这里要讲英语.(被动)

25这座体育馆将于明年建成.(被动语态) 26过马路时要小心.(be careful) 27这次车祸是什么引起的?(cause) 28她总是乐于助人.(be ready to) 29这个女孩由于不遵守交通规则，在车祸中受了伤。(被动) 30到时候会通知你的.（被动语态） 31我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) 32他把玫瑰栽在花园中间.(in the middle) 33他不知道她为什么在练习中有这么多的错误.(wonder) 34他告诉我一切都会好的。(过去将来时) 35谁也不知道我们什么时候举行下次会议.(过去将来时) 36在新学校里有这么多的东西要学. 37当老师进来的时候，我们正在愉快地交谈。 38我们一读完初中就进入高中。 39我的老师比我想象的要年轻得多。 40晚饭后，我总是在厨房里洗碗碟. 41我们将在明天下午举行班会.(用被动语态) 42 老师看见他的学生们在教室里做功课。(…doing…) 43她说鲁宾逊先生将不得不为那张画付高价. 44我的母亲说我们将在北京逗留两个星期。(过去将来时) 45这本书分成三个部分. 46在我国，自行车不可以在繁忙的街道上行驶。(keep away from) 47她根本不认识那个人.(not…at all) 48约翰说总有一天他将成为一个医生。

物流管理文献翻译原文及译文

物流管理文献翻译原文 及译文 Company number【1089WT-1898YT-1W8CB-9UUT-92108】

【最新资料,Word版，可自由编辑！】

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作用。只有通过恰当的“译例”传递，才能帮助学生在翻译实践中理解翻译理论，并自觉把所学的翻译理论及技巧在自己的翻译实践中加以运用。因此，选择高质量的“译例”及译文应该引起翻译教材编写者的足够重视。本部分将从以下四个层面对《教程》的“译例”问题分类评析。 1.语法与选词层面评析 （1）助之长着，揠苗者也。（《孟子》）They who assist it to grow long pull out their corn shoots. （Tr. James Legge ） 此“译例”有两处错误，一是译文语法欠佳，另一个是译文用词不精当。语法层面，是由于单复数不一致引起的，译文后面用的 “ their corn shoots ”复数形式，而前半句用的“ it ”单数形式；从选词层面说，译者选用了词组“ pull out ”，给人一种简单粗暴的感觉。《揠苗助长》的故事说的是古时候宋国有个人，嫌禾苗长得太慢，就一棵棵地往上拔起一点儿，回家还夸口说：“今天我帮助苗长了！”他儿子听说后，到地里一看，苗都死了。（见于《孟子?公孙丑上》）后来这个成语用来比喻违反事物的发展规律，急于求成，反而坏事。“译例”中的“ pull out ”是“把禾苗从土地里拔出来”的意思，那禾苗肯定就死掉 了，违背了故事原意，也不合常理。因此，笔者认为可以改译为“They try to help the shoots grow （faster ）by pulling them upwards - spoil things by undue haste destructive enthusiasm. ”更符合原文的意思。

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大学英语段落翻译技巧(1) 2013年7月，全国大学英语四六级考试委员会对大学英语四六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型做了局部调整，调整后的四六级翻译项目从原来的单句翻译变成了现在的段落翻译2013年12月，这一新的题型首次应用在四六级考试中。评分方式也由原来的语法点给分变成现在的总体评分（Global Scoring），也就是阅卷员根据翻译的总体印象，即文章的总体表达给出分数档。具体标准见下表： 表一四六级评分标准-考委会版（用于总体评分） 由于是第一次考查这样的题型，阅卷组也进行了细致的分析，深入的讨论和谨慎的评判。因此，在确定分数档之后，阅卷员需要通过对考生翻译中的语法、用词以及拼写错误进行量化，然后扣分，最终决定考生的翻译分数。而语法的量化考核也有一定的标准，具体见下表：

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