报刊选读课后答案
电大英语报刊选读课程导学
一、课程总的概况
课程领域概括
这是英语教学中的一门不能或缺的课程。通过学习本课程，使学生掌握常见报刊词汇，报刊文章标题的翻译，学会看懂较简单的英语报刊文章。通过阅读英语报刊了解国际时事，了解各国的政治，历史、文化、教育、人民和国家概况等与英语学习有关的背景知识。以利学生进一步巩固和提高英语学习，培养学生英语阅读的能力。
目标引导
本课程的教学目的是通过学生自主学习及教师的导学和助学（包括面授辅导），使学生掌握常见报刊词汇，报刊文章标题的翻译，学会看懂较简单的英语报刊文章。通过阅读英语报刊了解国际时事，了解各国的政治，历史、文化、教育、人民和国家概况等与英语学习有关的背景知识。进一步巩固和提高学生英语阅读理解和简单翻译的能力。
二、使用学习资源
1．根据主教材学习
1．本课程采用的文字主教材为《美英报刊文章阅读》（精选本第二版），及上海电视大
学外语系编辑的报刊活页。本课程教学安排为一学期。课内学时为72，共4学分，（每
周4学时）。《美英报刊文章阅读》共30课，选其中10为必学内容，其余内容供学生
自学，10课必学内容为Lessons1,3,4,8,10,13,14,19,24,26。以上10课用10周学完。
每周一课。
2．本教材课文并非按语言难易循序渐进，而是按内容编写，学生自学时有一定难度。
学生学习时重点是根据教师的导学，掌握一定的英语报刊常见词汇，基本会看懂报刊
文章的大意；通过翻译报刊标题了解报刊大致内容；通过阅读英语报刊文章了解国际
时事、各国的历史、文化、风俗、习惯，掌握相关的信息。因此阅读和理解是重点。
教师助学时应着重帮助学生掌握重点，分析讲解难点，而语法分析、语言点的掌握不
作要求。建议学生在课后以练习为线索，多看看英语报刊文章。考前复习也是以练习，常见词汇和推荐的英语报刊文章为主。
3．本课程实际是泛读快速阅读训练的混合型课程。泛读是一门进行大量阅读实践的课程，应该突出 "泛"的特点。本课程培养的是阅读能力，注重的是面的理解，整体
的理解，而不停留于那些对理解无关紧要的细节上。
4．学生应按教学计划完成各阶段的阅读任务。在独立进行阅读时，学生应努力根据
上、下文及背景知识解决所遇到的问题或难点，尽可能少查词典，如需要查词典时，
也应尽可能使用英英词典。
5．阅读速度训练应按循序渐进的原则安排阅读难度与阅读量，逐步进行强化式训练。
训练时应注重介绍一些常见的技巧，如浏览、略读、复读等。在平时教学过程中，也会向学生推荐一些英文报刊上难度适当的文章，供学生阅读。
2．根据辅教材学习
报刊活页共10课，用5周学完。余下3周用于期中考试及期末总复习。
3. 其它媒体教材
多读英文报纸，如CHINA DAILY， SHANGHAI STAR等
4. 进行网上学习
进入上海电大在线网址:
进入网上课堂
进入上海大同工作站网址:
进入网上课堂
三、预习、听课、复习
英语报刊选读词汇
Lesson One
cable car 缆车
rake in 赚（钱）
the lion’s share 最大（或最好的）一份crass commercialism 唯利是图
ethnic flavor 民族风格；民族特色carrying capacity 容纳量
the ancient Buddhist grottoes 古代佛教徒的洞室silk road 丝绸之路
Mogao caves 莫高窟
UNESCO 联合国教科文组织cultural wonders 文化奇迹（奇观）cash cow 摇钱树
tourist boom 旅游迅猛发展
Lesson Three
Clique 派系
start-up 起步；创业
talk-show 脱口秀
wireless-applications company 移动通讯公司
Internet dating 网上约会交友
fly high 野心勃勃
multinational 跨国公司
management expertise 管理专业知识
consulting firm 咨询公司
debt specialist 债券交易专家
Lesson Four
animatedly 活跃地
virtual classroom 虚拟教室
log in (在网络上）连接
information-based economy 基于信息的经济
face-to-face instruction 面授课
bricks-and-mortar institution (砖墙上爬满常青藤的学校）传统的学校distance-ed provider 提供远程教育的学院
coursework via teleconferencing 通过双向电视进行教学的课件
Lesson Eight
Alleged 提出而尚未证实的
Blunder 愚蠢的错误；谬误
Espionage 间谍行为
Warhead 弹头
the US District Court 联邦地方或地区法院
Attorney General （美）司法部长；（英）总检察长FBI director 联邦调查局局长
plea offer 有条件认罪建议
Justice Department 司法部
solitary confinement 单独拘禁
throw the book at sb. 尽量用重罪处罚某人
lie detector 测谎仪
decision-maker 决策者
the Judiciary Committee （美国国会参议院常设）司法委员会Lesson Ten
Complacency 沾沾自喜；自满情绪
Confiscate 没收；充公
juvenile offender 少年犯
notorious 臭名昭著的
recession 经济衰退
robust 体格健壮的
brutality 野蛮暴力行为
apathy 麻木不仁
drug traffic 毒品买卖
tough circumstances 不幸的境遇；恶劣的环境database 资料库；数据库
NCNB 北卡罗来纳国家银行
the National Football League 全国橄榄球协会
hot city 很好的；成功的；经济增长迅速的hit home 使人明白；示范
bond issue 债券发行
flashier program 华而不实的项目
grass-roots leader 基层领导人
cash register 现金出纳机
drug ring 贩毒团伙
narcotics squad 缉毒队
narcotics 毒品
drug kingpin 大毒贩；毒枭
criminal-justice 刑事审判
defining moment 开先河之事
head Start 抢步教育计划
Lesson Thirteen
client 顾客；客户
counsel to the President 总统顾问
maneuver 花招；策略
offstage 幕后的（地）；不公开的（地）petition 请愿
roster 花名册；登记表
sinister 恶意的；阴险的
Lobbyists 院外活动分子
shady operator 幕后院外活动分子
regulatory agency 管制机构
retainer 定金
shady reputation 不诚实的坏名声；声名狼藉的a buy’s market买方市场
would-be 未来的
veto 否决
a two-way street 双行道；互利互惠
Capitol 国会山
House Speaker 众议院议长
Majority (Minority) Leader 多数（少数）党领袖
Majority (Minority) Whip 多数（少数）党督导Watergate 水门事件
Lesson Fourteen
donate 捐赠
indebt 欠债；欠钱
outlaw 宣布……为非法
modest means 中等收入
the lower chamber 下院
public office 公职
office holder 公务员；官吏
Supreme Court 最高法院
PAC (Political Action Committee) 政治行动委员会
the first-term lawmaker 首次当选的众议员
ex-congressman 前国会议员
Lesson Nineteen
shareholder value 股东利益
IPO 首次公开发行的股票
on a short-term basis 短/近期内
provision 规定；条款
state-of-the-art 最先进的；一流的；顶尖的
make presentation 发言；讲话
a draft agreement 草签的协议
joint venture 合资
t ake a “can-do” attitude愿意尽各种努力并期待它能起作用
business culture 商务文化
academic title 职称
Lesson Twenty-four
entrepreneur 企业家
legislator 立法者
lift-off 发射
marketeer 市场主义者
sustainable 可持续性的
Silicon Valley 硅谷
classified ad 分类广告
spicy film gossip 关于电影演员等的骇人听闻的消息或评论ongoing economic revival 镇在进行中的经济复苏
dotcom age 互联网时代
top degree 博士学位
Asiaweek rankings 《亚洲周刊》排行榜
Production line 生产线
new breed 新一代
manufacturing productivity 制造业生产力
think-tank 思想库
New-generation free marketeer 新一代的自由市场经济主义者cross swords 争吵
old-guard 保守派
face-off 对峙；争端
UN Development Fund 联合国发展基金组织
launch pad 发射台
Lesson Twenty-six
stolen generation 被偷偷劫走的一代
foster home 寄养家庭
a ward of the state 国家受监护人的身份
the Jigsaw puzzle 七巧板；拼图游戏
the Aboriginal heritage 土著人的遗产
the Order of Australia 澳大利亚勋章
venture capital 风险投资资金
security capital 安全投资资本
the professions 各同业或同行
the Aboriginal Dreamtime （澳大利亚土著神话中的）黄金时代
racial discrimination 种族歧视
cultural genocide 种族文化的消灭
the disadvantaged group 弱势群体
四、完成作业
记分作业：以书后的练习为主，包括补充活页讲义中的练习。学生应交四次作业。两次是课本上的，两次是补充讲义中的相关练习（练习在网上）。
五、碰到困难
电话答疑电话：
E-mail 答疑电子邮件地址
BBS网上答疑进入大同工作站BBS讨论专区
学习小组讨论
面对面答疑
六、复习考试
期中考试在第十到第十一周进行。
期末考试包括课本内和课本外两部分。
该门课的总分的构成包括期末考试和平时成绩两部分。期末考试占80%,平时成绩为20%。形成性考核的具体方法是：20分 = 记分作业（8分）+ 期中测验（6
分） + 课堂表现（6分）。
4. 本学期考试形式为笔试形式。学生将答案做在指定的答题纸上。考试题型如下：
I．报刊常见词汇，词语或缩略语英译汉。（30%。30个，每个1%）
II．英文报刊标题英译汉。（20%。10个，每个2%）
III．阅读理解（5０％）
（１）课文中的文章阅读并回答问题（３０％）
（２）补充阅读文选《英文报刊文章选读》中选的阅读理解题或从最新的英文报刊中选的材料的阅读与理解（２０％）
以上三个大题中，第Ｉ大题及第III大题中的（１），（２）主要考查学生对所学的
课本知识掌握情况；第II大题是考查学生的阅读能力和技巧及所学的知识的运用
能力，以避免死记硬背。
七、自主学习方法提示
1. 学生学习本课程的基本要求
阅读范围：题材广泛，体裁多样化。题材包括各类知名美，英报刊上的各种文章，涉及到时事、政治经济、文化、科技、历史地理、等方面。阅读难度由易到难。
阅读速度：根据学生对文章题材背景的预先熟悉程度而有所不同，但是一般来说，阅读速度从每分钟约50-60个词提高到70-80个词左右。
理解能力：学会运用归纳总结、推理演绎的方法，抓主要词语、主要段落和中心句的本领，准确掌握读物的中心思想、情节梗概。并不强求学生理解所有的细节。
2.为了保证课堂教学时间的最大限度的使用，课本中其它内容在课堂上不作详细讲解，主
要由学生在课余时间自学。以看懂报刊文章大意，能够回答相关的问答题为主。
教师在教学过程中以“导学”和“助学”为主。教会学生如何去看懂报刊文章的标题和文章大意。鼓励学生充分地阅读各类英，美报刊文章，文章题材也尽可能广泛。所以网上取材似乎是一个切实可行的方法。同时，上海电大在网上会适时地放上一些最近的时事性文章供同学们阅读。以加强学生的阅读能力。
本课程涉及的学生较多，各个不同班级的学生入学时的英语基础，学习动机，年龄，
所学专业等差异巨大，所以老师应根据所教学生的具体情况，因地制宜地调节好自己的教学操作。既要保证上课有充分的内容，又要留给学生充分的自学机会，督促学生在教师的概括性指导下尽力发挥自我潜能完成该门课程的学习。老师在讲课时以讲解难点为主，同时教会学生阅读英美报刊文章的一些必要的阅读技巧和方法，教会他们如何看懂报刊标题。
八、本课程重点难点提示
英语报刊选读书本上（十课课文后的练习答案）
1. What activities are harming ancient Buddhist grottoes
Too many tourists and their breathing are harming them.
2.Who turned the caves into the painted shrines
It was the travelers along the old silk road.
3.Are murals in good shape.
No, they are not in good shape. Many of them are already sagging or peeling from walls, and their delicate beauty is fading away. Others have deteriorated beyond repair efforts.
4.Why is it difficult for the authorities to prevent them from being destroyed Money is at the root of the problem. China is a poor nation. Local governments have little money left over for cultural conservation.
5.Does the Chinese government value the preservation of those historical and
cultural sites
Yes, it does. For instance, it has given award to the Getty Conservation Institute for its contributions to the preservation of them at Dunhuang.
6.Why did Mr. Neville Agn ew say “ tourism and conservation are good partners” If you can make a good connection, they are. In other words, if you can allocate part of the money e arned from tourism to conservation, and don’t turn to tourism as a cash cow, they will be good partners.
Lesson Three
1.Why did some of the HBS grads choose to come back to China although they had
received lucrative offers from America’s top companies
Not only has China changed dramatically since most of them left but also the nation can offer more personal freedoms and economic opportunities now than ever before.
2.What profession do they usually like to go in for
Most of them choose e-commerce
3.Why did most of them choose to take in IT industry
Because IT is the leading industry now.
4.Why did some of them decide to stay in the US while some chose to come back
They wanted to gain experience in the States before they came back.
5.What do you think is the biggest obstacle preventing the elite from coming back
home
It is the complicated relationships and uncertainty of our human resource management system.
6.What does the title of this article “Home At Last” mean
It means some of the HBS elite have made their final decision to return to China to serve their country.
Lesson Four
1.Why are virtual institutions thought of as best graduate schools
Because they are the best graduate schools for those who have their career and family. When they pursue advanced degrees, they don’t have to step onto a university campus.
2.Why is the huge upsurge of interest in remote learning
It is very convenient for anyone to learn at anytime of anyplace.. Therefore it is the best way for working adults to keep on learning.
3.Will the distance education substitute the traditional education Explain.
No, it won’t. These two modes of instruction are equivalent and complementary as far as student learning is concerned.
4.What’s the advantage of remote learning
A large number of people who have difficulty in suspending their career and
family can pursue advanced degrees without stepping onto a university campus or moving and commuting to get their degrees.
5.What’s the opposite idea about remote learning
Someone argues there’s a large gap betewwn d istance education and traditional education, and education requires a relationship between people because it is
a process of identity formation, validation, encouragement, emulation and
inspiration. This only happens face to face. In other words, they value face-to-face instruction and relationship.
6.What are the factors you should consider before you choose a distant education
school
They are the accreditation, program history, cost, academic field, residency, and technology.
Lesson Eight
1.Who are the top decision-makers in the case
They are attorney general Janet Reno, FBI Director Louis Freeh, and Energy Secretary Bill Richardson.
2.What are the factors which have caused government officials to accuse Mr. Lee
of spying Politics caused them to do so. Some politicians such as Mr. Cox don’t want to see Sino-American relations improved, and have shown much discrimination against Chinese in American security organizations, so they turned up the heat on the authorities.
3.Why was Mr. Lee placed in solitary confinement Was it appropriate for the
authorities to do so
a.the authorities wanted to compel him to make a full confession
b.it was not proper to do so because he made only minor security violations.
4.Did the justice and Energy officials in question agree with what Judge Parker
said
No, they didn’t agree.
5.Do you think Justice Department official have thrown the book at Dr. Lee
Yes, they have used his minor security violation as accusation against Lee. 6.Who is to blame in the case
Christopher Cox is the first to blame because he and his committee have created the atmosphere of Chinese espionage, and put pressure on the officials on the case. The top decision-makers in the case and the mass media especially The New York Times, are the second to blame.
Lesson Ten
1.What does the title of this article “Big Crimes, Small Cities” mean
It means that big crimes which were usually associated with big cities are now committed in smaller cities.
2.Why do the people show apathy towards people being attacked by criminals
They are afraid of being killed by the assailants. From the concept of the world outlook, they are very selfish.
3.Why are teenagers more apt to use deadly force over small matters
They lack necessary family and school education on the one hand, and on the other, their needs are not met.
4.What does it mean that Charlotte risked becoming a “fortress city”
The city frightened with frequent violence is gong to protect itself with all necessary defensive measures as if the enemy were coming to attack it. In other words, when the crime rates are going up people in the city are at a loss, and overreact to that.
5.Does, the crime wave have something to do with drug, guns, and the economic
recession State the reason.
Yes, it does. When is undergoing economic recession, the poor lead a poorer life, they feel disappointed, and try to do away with their worries by taking drugs. The more disappointed they feel. And consequently, there are more violent crimes.
Lesson Thirteen
1.Who are lobbyists usually hired by What for
a.They are usually hired by corporations, labor unions, individuals and other
special interests.
b.They try to work on the actions of the Administration and lawmaking bodies.
2.What is the relationship between lobbyists and legislators
They are closely associated with each other for their separate advantages. 3.Why do some of the former senior officials choose lobbying as their profession
Because they can make use of their good connections in government and Congress on the one hand, and on the other, they can make big money by lobbying for special interest groups and individuals.
4.How do lobbyists earn their pay How effective are they
a.Their clients pay them for their services.
b.Most of them are very effective in persuading lawmakers to act in their way.
Lesson Fourteen
1.Why has the House of Representatives been changing into a rich man’s club or
a House of Lords
Because the House of Representatives is largely composed of wealthy men, and they get elected not on their merit, but on their money.
2.In what way did the Court decision favor the wealthy candidates
The Court decision outlawed limits on the amount that a candidate could give to his own campaign. At the same time it upheld limits on amounts contributed by outsiders.
3.Are women far behind men in getting Congressional offices Please give an example
for your answer.
Yes. Take the Congressional election in 1984 for example, only two women got elected.
4.What role do political action committees play in a campaign for public office They play a very important role to help officeholders to get re-elected with campaign contributions
5.According to the authors of the study, on what basis should the political race
for public office be placed Do you think it possible for Congress to change the campaign system in the context of the present American political system
a.Some form of public financing should be taken. Competition for public office
should be based more on merit than money.
b.I don’t think it possible for Congress to change the current campaign
system.
Lesson Nineteen
1.In Serge y Frank’s view., what is business communication like in the US
Business talks in the US are pleasant and easy-going, but at the same time they are ruthlessly focused.
2.How do you understand Sergey Frank’s saying that “ communication is a natural
talent of Americans ”
American negotiating partners tend do begin negotiation with small talk and smiling, which makes it casual and full of sense of humor. As for giving a talk in the US, the speaker often appears in a relaxed manner with the application of plenty of jokes to attract or capture the audience’s attention.
3.What has more influence on business communication in US than anywhere else
The attitude “time is money” has more influence on business talks in US than it does anywhere else.
4.Make a brief account of a typical business communication or negotiation in US.
(Or: what is the US negotiation style Cite examples to prove. Or: summarize the major characteristics of business communication in US and support each with an example)
a.Tend to begin with neutral warm-up. . small talk, smiling.
b.Tend to do business in a very pragmatic way. . usually come to the point
quickly/immediately after the warm-up
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e34976453.html,rmality is the rule. . sandwiches and drinks in plastic or boxes are
served during conferences; communicating on the first-name basis; adopting the most comfortable seating position
5.Why have so many joint ventures and alliances between US and Asian companies
failed to meet expectations
Mainly such failures are due to differences in negotiating styles between US and Asian companies. For instance, the Asian negotiating approach tends to be long-term in nature, whereas the US negotiators tend to want the result(s) fast,
i. e. they want to secure profitability on a short-term basis and achieve a quick
return on investment.
6.What suggestion will you give to people doing business in the US (Or: what have
《英美报刊选读》标准答案
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