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新标准大学英语阅读教程长篇翻译unit

新标准大学英语阅读教程长篇翻译unit
新标准大学英语阅读教程长篇翻译unit

莫扎特的力量

总部设在巴黎的艺术家卡蒂亚·埃利亚(Katia Eliad)陷入困境。她觉得自己的创意被阻挡了,与自己脱节,并且有些莫名的原因无法在她的抽象绘画中使用绿色或蓝色。所以去年春天,她开始了一个不寻常的对待:莫扎特的音乐每两个小时,一次三个星期的时间,通过特殊的振动耳机过滤,有时会削减最低的音调。她说,影响是戏剧性的。“我更加放心自己,和人一起,一切都好,”埃利亚德说,“我觉得在短短8个月内已经做了10年的精神分析。”蓝色和绿色回到了她的调色板。至于莫扎特,“当噩梦中醒来时,他就像一个爷爷,平静下来。

沃尔夫冈·阿马德乌斯·莫扎特出生于250年前,1756年1月27日,并在世界各地庆祝庆祝周年庆典。今年将充满他的音乐,但也将是时候重新审视他三十五年生活的矛盾和矛盾的解释。他的角色很多,他的父亲利奥波德在欧洲法庭上游行,那个肮脏的小女孩的信件证明了喜欢淡色的实用笑话。一个普遍的误解是他被埋在维也纳圣马克思公墓的贫民窟。另一个未经证实的传奇,由于受到电影Amadeus的影响,得到了广泛的信赖,他将他视为嫉妒法庭对手Antonio Salieri的受害者。热心崇拜者认为他是神圣的启发,但是一些现代心理学家发现了一种婴儿回归的个性。如果他今天还活着,萨尔茨堡旅游局的赫伯特·布鲁格(Herbert Brugger)说,他将是“一个流行歌星,在王

子,迈克尔·杰克逊和罗比·威廉姆斯之间。

关于这种类型转换有一点新鲜事。但在过去十年中,莫扎特越来越多地被置于一个可能是最有争议的角色:作为心灵和身体的治疗者。在这个新时代的解读中,莫扎特是最终的作曲家治疗师,音乐可以帮助治疗从痤疮到阿尔茨海默病的疾病,甚至声称让你和你的孩子更聪明。其中一些索赔是基于科学的。芝加哥的一名神经外科医生进行了研究,显示某些莫扎特片段可以降低某些患者癫痫发作的严重性和频率,而加利福尼亚州尔湾的研究人员发现,有些阿尔茨海默病患者在听莫扎特后能够更好地进行心理测试10分钟

但是大部分配套材料都是轶事。很少有国家当局正式承认治疗,传统音乐治疗师深受怀疑。

到目前为止,最广泛和最有争议的最近的声称是,莫扎特可以增强你的大脑力量。在1993年的“自然”文章中,这一观点首先得到了科学的支持,发现大多数音乐人在听取莫扎特的“奏鸣曲奏鸣曲”的两首钢琴奏鸣曲演奏时,表现得更好,是在精神上展现了一张纸。该研究的主要作者,威斯康星大学副研究员Frances Rauscher也是一名大提琴手,继续使用实验室大鼠进行类似的测试。他们在子宫内暴露于同一架钢琴奏鸣曲,出生后两个月,然后在迷宫中松动。在那里,他们比另外三组老鼠更快地出路,这些老鼠已经被美国作曲家菲利普·格雷(Philip Glass)暴露在白噪声,沉默或高度重复的作品中。在这十年以来,这些研究引发了学术风暴,许多Rauscher的同僚提

炼或揭露她的发现。其他研究人员在复制结果方面取得了不同程度的成功。但是她的作品受到媒体的广泛关注,引起了一种被称为“莫扎特效应”的流行心理学趋势。数十种莫扎特的编译CD,有望增强智力,现在正在市场上销售,其中包括莫扎特的“妈妈和爸爸”- “开始你的新生儿智商”。这些索赔产生了社会政策的影响:1998年,美国的格鲁吉亚州开始向所有婴儿的父母发放古典音乐CD,在科罗拉多州,佛罗里达州和其他地方也有类似但较少的官方节目。

在这个企业的大部分背后,是一位名叫唐·坎贝尔的美国音乐家,他不是科学家,与原始研究无关,而是迅速将“莫扎特效应”标注为“Mozart效应”,并撰写了两本畅销书并编制了十几张CD。他写道:“在一瞬间,音乐可以提升我们的灵魂,唤醒我们内心的祷告,同情和爱的精神。”“它清除了我们的思想,并且已经知道使我们更聪明。

Rauscher既受到这种等级商业化的困扰,也有时候很开心。“至少有人设法赚钱,”她说。但她的发现歪曲的方式,她鬃毛。“没有人说过,莫扎特听音乐让你更聪明,”她抱怨说,她的研究表明,学生的空间推理只是暂时有限的改善,而不是持续和普遍的智商增长。今天,她根据其他人的后续研究,甚至修改了自己的初步结论,从事了一本暂时名为“音乐与莫扎特超越莫扎特影响的心灵”的书。她现在估计听莫扎特,可能不像大脑一样重要,因为通过做某些令人愉快的感觉引起的唤醒情绪的一般感觉。

科学研究表明,当人们听音乐时,大脑的许多不同领域被激活。在音乐最敏感的大脑区域和空间推理中使用的那些区域之间也有一些重叠。但除此之外,对于为什么一些音乐比其他音乐更刺激,甚至对音乐的理解有时甚至是舒缓的效果也是不太确定的。

为什么莫扎特的音乐是这个辩论的焦点,而不是其他古典作曲家,如巴赫,贝多芬或肖邦许多声音从印度教吟诵到岸上冲浪的噪音被认为是治疗性的

对于古典音乐,巴黎歌剧导演GérardMortier是许多人之一,他认为莫扎特不是唯一一个安慰的作曲家。“你找到最合适的病理学音乐,”Mortier说。“对于一些人来说,可能是[约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫]的”戈德伯格“变化,对于其他人来说,这可能是[理查德·瓦格纳]特里斯坦和伊索尔德的第二个行为,三分之一可能是舒伯特四重奏,而另一个则是莫扎特。“

不过,约翰·休斯认为莫扎特取得了最好的成绩。他是伊利诺伊大学医学中心的神经病学专家,专门从事癫痫。有一天,一位同事递交了他在Rauscher在学习中使用的莫扎特奏鸣曲的录音带。第二天早上,他在昏迷的病人身上试过一下,惊呆了一下发现癫痫发作的频率大大降低了。他随访了36名患者的一系列研究; 其中29人以同样的方式响应音乐。“毫无疑问,大约80%的时间对缉获量有好处,”他说。那是当他开始测试患者的其他古典音乐时,只发现莫扎特对他的癫痫患者一直是最有效的。

他认为,关键在于莫扎特重复他的旋律。“他把旋律线颠倒倒过来,给人们一些有趣的东西,我们的大脑喜欢模式。”一些巴赫的音乐得分很高,门德尔松和海顿也是如此。但是莫扎特的音乐序列往往会每20-30秒定期重复一次,这与脑波模式和中枢神经系统的其他功能大致相同。他的结论是,莫扎特音乐中的模式频率与癫痫患者的不规律发射模式相抵消。休斯说,与智商测验不同的是,他所测量的反应与情绪和觉醒理论无关:“我的大多数患者都昏迷,所以你无法解释为”我感觉好一些,所以表现更好。“这对大脑有直接的影响。

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