冯庆华《汉英翻译基础教程》汉译英短文翻译练习及详解【圣才出品】

汉译英短文翻译练习及详解

说明：该附录全面收录《汉英翻译基础教程》（冯庆华主编）中的汉译英短文翻译练习，每篇短文后面不仅有参考译文，而且还列举出相应的翻译要点及解析，对于以该书为教材的考生来说，具有极高的参考价值和较强的指导性，同时可以帮助考生巩固该书所学内容。

1. 书与人

金圣华

有朋友在情场上①轰轰烈烈地驰骋了一阵，终于累了，最后，②收拾心情，悄悄退回书斋之中，终日与书本为伍。

再不听到他唉声叹气，③只觉得他心情平和，仿佛一切都豁然开朗，天地广阔了许多。

把自己的喜怒哀乐，完全寄托在另外一个人身上，原是一件十分危险的事。④对方喜则自己心花怒放，对方怒则自己心惊胆战，对方的一笑一颦，完全控制着自己的情绪起落，这又何苦呢？⑤面对书本，则完全没有这种麻烦。

择书比择友简单得多。不善辞令、厌恶应酬的人，可以自由自在地徜徉于书林之中，游目四顾，俯拾皆友。

看书，可以博览，可以细嚼，没有人会怪你喜新厌旧，也没有人要求你从一而终。你大可以从一本换到另一本，喜爱的书，不妨一读再读；不耐看的书，又可随手抛下，谁也不会因此而伤心失望。人际关系错综复杂，那“书际关系”呢？只要花点时间去了解，再高深的学问也弄得明白。手持一书，吟哦于四壁之中，神游于四海之外，既可以与老庄谈心，又可以跟柏拉图对话。心情烦闷时，济慈、雪莱在你耳畔喁喁细语，巴尔扎克为你扮演《人间喜

剧》，还有李白、杜甫、王尔德、莎土比亚……一大堆才华横溢的朋友等着你呼唤前来。

⑥找不到朋友时，为什么不翻翻书？

【参考译文】

Books and Man

A friend of mine, having been ①actively involved in the arena of love for some time, finally became weary of it and, ②containing himself, quietly retired to his study to spend time with books all day long.

Now he is no longer heard sighing deeply. ③On the contrary, he now has a peaceful mind and feels everything is bright and clear and the world wide and open.

It is wrong to let somebody be master of your sentiments, such as joy, anger, pleasure and sorrow. ④For example, you are elated simply because the other party looks cheerful, you are jumpy simply because the other party looks put out. Consequently, you are completely at the mercy of the other party as regards your own mood. Is it worth it? ⑤As to books, things are entirely different.

It is much easier to choose a book than a friend. One who is poor at speech and shuns socializing will nevertheless feel like being surrounded by friends while sauntering freely in the midst of books.

Books can be read cursorily, or chewed and digested. None will ever call you fickle-minded, and none will ever demand that you be constant in your affection. You can go from one book to another. And you can read your favorite book over and over again. When you lay aside the book you dislike, none will ever feel hurt or

disappointed. While interpersonal relations are most complicated, what about your relations with books? Devote your time to studies, and you will be able to acquire any knowledge no matter how profound it is. While being confined to your small room with a book in your hand, your mind will be roaming throughout the world. You will not only have a heart-to-heart chat with Laozi and Zhuangzi, but also talk with Plato. When you are in a mood, Keats and Shelley will whisper to you soothingly, and Balzac will stage for you stories from his La Comedie Humaine. And a galaxy of talented friends like Li Bai, Du Fu, Oscar Wilde, Shakespeare ... will come to you at your call.

⑥If you are lonely, why not seek the company of books?

(Tr. by Zhang Peiji) 【翻译要点】

①注意理解“轰轰烈烈的”在文中的真正含义，指“有激情的，十分活跃的”，译为“actively”既可反映其程度之深，又表明了主人公参与其中的主观性。

②在感情上累了之后的“收拾心情”，实际上是对自己行为的一种自制，不要再让自己像以前那样生活，因而译为“containing himself”符合原文意思。

③汉语多三句，常常几个小句排在一起构成一个句子，翻译成英文时要注意使用衔接词，表明其逻辑，这里增译了“On the contrary”使译文逻辑更清晰。

④译文保留了原文的对称句式，且增译了“For example”，使得译文更加连贯，语意更清晰。

⑤此处采用的是意译的翻译方法，译为“things are entirely different”更严谨一些，下文紧接着解释了为什么不同。

⑥“找不到朋友时”其实反映的是找不到朋友时的一种心理状态，即孤独。因而翻译为“If you are lonely”更符合文意。

2. ①我喜欢

张晓风

②我喜欢冬天的阳光，在迷茫的晨雾中展开。我喜欢那份宁静淡远，我喜欢那没有喧哗的光和热。

③我喜欢在春风中踏过窄窄的山径，草莓像精致的红灯笼，一路殷勤的张结着。我喜欢抬头看树梢尖尖的小芽儿，极嫩的黄绿色中透着一派天真的粉红。

我喜欢夏日的④永昼，我喜欢在多风的黄昏独坐在傍山的阳台上。⑤小山谷里的稻浪推涌，美好的稻香翻腾着。慢慢地，绚丽的云霞被浣净了，柔和的晚星⑥遂一一就位。

我喜欢看秋风里满山的芒。在山坡上，在水边上，白得那样凄凉，美而孤独。

【参考译文】

①Love ...

②I love the winter sun spreading out behind the morning haze. I love the pervading calm and peace of the moment as well as the light and warmth quietly brought by the sun.

③I love to saunter in the spring breeze on a narrow mountain path bedecked with strawberries growing graciously like delicate red lanterns. I love to look up at treetops to watch tiny buds with their tender yellowish green tinged with an artless pink.

I love ④the long days of summer. I love to sit by myself on a hillside balcony on

a windy summer afternoon, ⑤watching rice rippling in the valley and sending forth its aroma. When the splendid evening clouds are gone, gentle stars will ⑥take their places in the sky one after another.

I love to watch the pretty but forlorn Chinese silver grass, of a pensive white, growing against the autumn wind all over the hills —on the slopes, by the waterside.

(Tr. by Zhang Peiji) 【翻译要点】

①很明显这篇短文主要讲的是作者对自然之爱，标题翻译成“love”更能显示出这种喜欢的程度之深，也是发自作者内心的喜欢。

②汉语有两个分句，译成英文时可用伴随状语使之构成一个长句，这样更符合英文的表达习惯。

③将三个分句整合为一个长句，符合英文表达习惯，将草莓的生长译为“bedecked with”（装点，装饰）不仅符合原意，使译文更加生动形象，且增强了文章的表达效果。

④“永昼”显然是夸张的手法，根据文意不难看出这里是指夏天白昼特别长，因而译为“the

long days”。

⑤此处是两句合译为一个英文句子，第二句做主句的伴随状语。这种翻译现象在汉译英中十分常见。

⑥注意“一一就位”的含义，此处“一一”翻译为“one after another”，“就位”翻译为“take their places”，表达十分清晰自然。

3. 中国人的家庭

对中国人来说，家庭是神圣的。①因此中国人无论走到哪里都忘不了自己的家庭。

从前，中国人喜欢大家庭，很多人生活在一起，②有的家庭四世同堂—四代人住在一起。一个大家庭就是一个小社会。在这个小社会里等级分明，辈分最高者地位最高。在封建时代，几十口人甚至上百口人生活在一起，如果没有纪律约束是不行的。人们常说“国有国法，家有家规”。③封建社会的家规就是一个家庭的法律，在家里丈夫打妻子，父亲打儿子是合法的，别人无权干涉。儿女们的生活包括婚姻都由家长主宰。每个大家庭就有自己的宗祠，在那里供奉着这个家族的祖先。每个人都有义务为自己的祖先增光。

现在情况不同了。④封建式的大家庭解体了，以小家庭为主。人们的生活方式发生了很大的变化，但是人们对家庭的依恋却依然如故。“每逢佳节倍思亲”是人之常情。

【参考译文】

The Chinese Family

Families are sacred to the Chinese. ①Chinese people, wherever they may be, are strongly attached to their families.

In the old days, Chinese people preferred ②to live in extended families with up to four generations under the same roof. An extended family was a small society in which everyone has his own place by seniority in the hierarchy. In feudal times it was impossible for large members of people to live together without restraints being placed on their behavior. As the saying goes, “A state has its law and a family its regulations.” ③In feudal times family regulations are laws in a family in which husbands dominated their wives and fathers their children, including their choice of spouses. No one had the right to interfere if a husband beat his wife or a father beat his son, for these actions were regarded as legal. Every clan set up its ancestral

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