机械设计制造及其自动化毕业设计外文翻译

英文原文名Automatic production line PLC control

中文译文：

自动化生产线自动上料站的PLC控制

自动生产线是由工件传送系统和控制系统，将一组自动机床和辅助设备按照工艺顺序联结起来，自动完成产品全部或部分制造过程的生产系统，简称自动线。

二十世纪20年代，随着汽车、滚动轴承、小电机和缝纫机和其他工业发展,机械制造业开始出现在自动生产线,第一个是组合机床自动线。在20世纪20年代,第一次出现在汽车工业流水生产线和半自动生产线,然后发展成自动生产线。第二次世界大战后,在机械制造工业发达国家,自动生产线的数量急剧增加。采用自动生产线生产的产品应该足够大,产品设计和技术应该是先进的、稳定的和可靠的,基本上保持了很长一段时间维持不变。自动线用于大,大规模生产可以提高劳动生产率,稳定和提高产品质量,改善劳动条件,降低生产区域,降低生产成本,缩短生产周期,保证生产平衡、显著的经济效益。

自动生产线的一个干预指定的程序或命令自动操作或控制的过程,我们的目标是稳定、准确、快速。自动化技术广泛用于工业、农业、军事、科学研究、交通运输、商业、医疗、服务和家庭,等自动化生产线不仅可以使人们从繁重的体力劳动、部分脑力劳动以及恶劣、危险的工作环境,能扩大人的器官功能,极大地提高劳动生产率,提高人们认识世界的能力,可以改变世界。

下面我说下它的应用范围：

机械制造业中有铸造、锻造、冲压、热处理、焊接、切削加工和机械装配等自动线，也有包括不同性质的工序，如毛坯制造、加工、装配、检验和包装等的综合自动线。

加工自动线发展最快,应用最广泛的机械制造。主要包括:用于处理盒、外壳、各种各样的部件,如组合机床自动线;用于加工轴、盘部分,由通用、专业化、或自动机器自动专线;转子加工自动线;转子自动线加工过程简单、小零件等。

1.确保节拍时间:无论什么样的产品,都必须完成的时间生产。

2.单元过程:只有一个产品,单位部分处理、组装、加工和材料。

3.先导器：理解为视觉设备节拍时间。

4.U型生产线:校准设备按照项目订单逆时针方向,和一个人负责出口和入口。

5.AB控制:只有当没有产品工程,工程的产品,使项目。

6.灯光:传达我们的产品线过程变化的装置。

7.后工程领取:在产品的生产线,以满足项目需求。

设备联接：

自动线中设备的联结方式有刚性联接和柔性联接两种。

在刚性联接自动线中，没有装载装置,工件加工和传播过程有严格的节奏。当暂停设备故障,将导致政府关门。因此,刚性连接自动生产线的工作需要高可靠性的各种设备。

在自动生产线柔性连接,每个工序(或部分)之间的加载装置,比不必严格在每个过程是一致的,短暂的停顿,一个设备可以由存储设备在一定时间来调整平衡,从而不会影响其他设备的正常工作。集成自动生产线、装配、自动线路和时间组合机床自动线通常采用柔性连接。

组成部分：

自动线路传输系统一般包括机床和工件装载装置,传动装置和加载装置。在转子加工自动线,传动装置,包括重力式输送机或迫使槽或进料输送机,推广、传输和配电装置等。有时,机械手完成转运装置的功能。在组合机床自动线工件有合适的输送机基础,采用直接传输方式,传输设备有各种步进式输送机、传输装置和翻转装置形状不规则,没有适当的传输的基础表面的工件,通常在托盘的位置和运输,这种情况将增加托盘返回设备。

自动生产线控制系统主要是用于确保机床的传动系统,工件,依照有关规定和辅助设备的正常工作的工作周期和联锁要求,检验设备和信号设备和麻烦。适应的要求自动生产线的调试和正常运行,控制系统有三种工作状态:,半自动和自动调整。的调整可以手动操作和调整,实现单机每个行动;在半自动可实现单机单工作;在自动传输机可以连续工作。

控制系统有其“停止”控制功能、停车、传送机在正常工作条件下需要完成一个工作循环,每个机床的运动部件上停车后回到原来的位置。自动设置的其他辅助设备按照流程和自动化程度的要求,比如洗衣机工件自动检测装置,自动工具改变装置,自动芯片系统和冷却系统,等。为了提高生产力,自动行必须确保自动生产线的工作可靠性。主要影响因素自动生产线的可靠性工作是加工质量和设备的稳定运行的可靠性。自动生产线的发展方向主要是提高生产率和增加通用性和灵活性。为了适应多种生产的需要,调整开发可以快速可调自动生产线。

这生产线是一套基于PLC控制的教学系统,也是一套模块化的生产实训系统。它集电气控制、PLC应用、传感器和气动等多种技术于一体, 由自动上料、传输检测、真空分拣、颜色分拣、位置调整、配件供给和装配下料等七个工作站组成。自动上料站的功能是为其它工作站提供工件。工件由气动机械手抓取,经平移,升降,摆动等动作,放到输送带上,然后回归原位。

1.系统的硬件设计

自动上料模块是整个自动生产线系统的起始单元,主要由工件装料管和推出装置,支架,阀组,终端组件、PLC、按钮、槽底板,等。主要功能是被放置在一个掩体工件自动推到材料板,以便运输单元的机械手抓取和输送。有手动和自动两种操作方式。操作前应确保进料板材料。

1.1 动作过程

上料单元主体是一个转动的料盘,料盘上设置两个管形料仓。在料盘口对应上料的位置安装了漫反射光电开关,功能是检测材料装在盘子里。当工件将达到位置,光电开关检测工件的存在,然后系统提供本单位圆盘材料工件的信号。在输送单元控制程序中,您可以使用信号状态的构件驱动机械手装置,去旅游。本在重力的作用下工件自动向下移动工件,准备下一个抓取工件。如果当前盘没有工件,材料板将在程序控制下的预期位置继续测试。直到两个菜没有工件,材料板停止转动。

1.2 气动回路设计

气动控制回路是本工作单元的执行机构,由气动机械手和上料转盘组成,完成上料和取料。机械手在结构上由两个直线气缸、一个摆动气缸和气爪组成。归位状态为:气爪闭,平移缸退,升降缸落,摆缸0°。一个工作循环:气爪闭→气爪开→升降缸升→平移缸进→气爪闭→平移缸退→摆缸180°→平移缸进→升降缸落→ 气爪开→平移缸退→升降缸升→摆缸0°。机械手可以完成翻译,举重和摆动臂爪抓取动作,由磁性接近开关安装在每个气缸的缸测试极限位置,然后由PLC实现位置控制。五两位五通双电动电磁阀安装在收集器板,控制机械臂的平移、起重和摆动控制和上料盘的旋转动作。

1.3 PLC控制

在上料单元中,检测磁开关、位置缸材料盘没有光电开关的工件,传输拥塞检测传感器和控制按钮,PLC,总共14个输入终端接收信号。电磁阀来控制运动的输出,故障信号和信号,共13个输出终端。可以选择西门子s7 - 300的主要单位和从站之间的信息交换。

2.系统的软件设计

PLC梯形图程序的设计方法有经验法和顺序控制法两种。顺序控制设计法的基本思想是将系统的一个工作周期划分为若干个顺序相连的步,用编程元件(例如存储器位M)来代表,在任何一步内各输出量的状态不变。使系统由当前步进入下一步的信号称为转换条件,它可以是外部的输入信号,如按钮、限位开关的通断等。也可以是PLC内部产生的信号,如定时器和计数器的触点信号。使用顺序控制设计方法时,首先根据系统的工艺流程,所示的顺序功能图,再根据顺序功能图画出梯形图来完成程序设计。

The original text

Automatic production line PLC control of automatic feeding station Automatic production line is composed of the workpiece transmission system and control system, a set of automatic machine and auxiliary equipment in accordance with the process sequence, completion of all or part of the manufacturing process production system, automatic line for short.

The 20th century 20 s, as car, rolling bearings, small motor and sewing machines and other industrial development, machinery manufacturing industry began to appear in automatic production line, the first is the modular machine tool automatic line. In the 1920 s, first appeared in the automotive industry running water production line and semi-automatic production lines, and then developed into the automatic production line. After the second world war, in the machinery manufacturing industry in developed countries, the number of automatic production line has increased dramatically. Adopt the products of the automatic production line should be large enough, the product design and technology should be advanced, stable and reliable, remained largely unchanged for a long time. Automatic line for large, mass production can improve labor productivity, stability and improve product quality, improve labor condition, reduce the production area, reduce the production cost, shorten production cycle, guarantee the production of balance, significant economic benefits.

Automatic production line of an intervention in a specified program or command automatic operation or control of process, our goal is to be stable, accurate and fast. Automation technology is widely used in industry, agriculture, military, scientific research, transportation, business, health, services, and family, such as automatic production line can not only make people from heavy manual labor, parts of mental Labour and bad, dangerous working conditions, can expand human organ function, greatly improve the labor productivity, improve the ability of people to know the world, can change the world.

Below I say under its scope of application:

In mechanical manufacturing casting, forging, stamping, heat treatment, welding, machining and mechanical assembly, automatic line, also to have the process including different properties, such as blank manufacturing, machining, assembly, testing and packaging of integrated automatic line.

Processing and automatic line fastest growing, most widely used machinery manufacturing. Mainly includes: used for processing box, shell, all kinds of parts, such as the combination machine tools automatic line; Used for machining shaft, plate part, by gm, specialization, or automatic machine automatic line; Rotor processing automatic line; Rotor automatic line, such as

simple process, small parts.

1. Ensure the takt time: no matter what kind of products, are required to complete the time of production.

2. Unit process: only a product, the unit parts processing, assembly, processing and materials.

3. The guide: understand the takt time for visual devices.

4. U-shaped line: calibration equipment in accordance with the project order counterclockwise, and a person in charge of export and entry.

5. AB control: only when there is no product engineering, product engineering, make the project.

6. Lighting: convey our product process change device.

7. After the engineering drawing: in the product line, in order to meet project requirements.

Equipment connection:

Automatic line of the connection device has two kinds of rigid connection and flexible connection.

In rigid connection automatic line, there is no loading device, processing and transmission process has strict rhythm. When the suspension of equipment failure, will lead to shut down the government. Therefore, rigid connection of automatic production line work need high reliability of various equipment.

In the automatic production line of flexible connections, each working procedure (or parts) between the loading device, than don't have to be strict in each process is consistent, a brief pause, a device can be made by a storage device in a certain time to adjust the balance, thus will not affect the normal work of the other devices. Integrated automatic production line, assembly, automatic line and time combination machine tools automatic line usually adopt flexible connection.

Components:

Automatic line transmission system generally includes machine tools and the workpiece loading device, transmission device and load device. In rotor machining automatic line, transmission device, including gravity conveyor or force or feed conveyor trough, the promotion, transmission and distribution equipment, etc. Sometimes, the function of the manipulator to complete the transfer device. In combination machine tools automatic line artifacts have suitable conveyor foundation, USES the direct transmission mode, transmission equipment has a variety

of stepping conveyor, transmission device and flip device irregular shape, without proper transmission based on the surface of the workpiece, usually in the tray location and transportation, this kind of situation will increase the pallet return equipment.

Automatic production line control system is mainly used to ensure the machine tool driving system, artifacts, and auxiliary equipment in accordance with the relevant regulations of the normal work of the work cycle and interlocking requirements, test equipment and signal equipment and trouble. Adapt to the requirement of automatic production line of the debugging and running, there are three kinds of working state: control system, semi-automatic and automatic adjustment. Adjustments can be manual operation and adjustment, realize single machine every action; In the semi-automatic can realize single machine single work; In the automatic transmission machine can work continuously.

Control system has its "stop" control function, parking, transfer machine in normal working conditions need to complete a work cycle, each machine's moving parts on back to its original position after parking. Other auxiliary equipment automatically set according to the requirements of process and automation degree, workpiece automatic detection devices such as washing machine, automatic tool change device, automatic chip system and cooling system, etc. In order to improve the productivity, automatic line must ensure that the work reliability of the automatic production line. Main factors influencing the reliability of the automatic production line of work is the reliability of the processing quality and the equipment and stable operation. The development direction of automatic production line mainly is to improve the productivity and increase the versatility and flexibility. In order to meet the needs of a variety of production, adjustment of development can be quickly adjustable automatic production line.

This production line is a set of teaching system based on PLC control, is also a set of modular production training system. It sets, sensors, PLC application and electric control of pneumatic and other technology in one, by the automatic feeding, transmission detection, vacuum sorting, color sorting, position adjustment, spare parts supply and assembly blanking seven workstations, etc. The function of automatic feeding station is to provide other workstations artifacts. Artifacts by pneumatic manipulator grasping, through translation, lifting and swinging movements, such as on the conveyor belt, and then return to the in situ.

1. The hardware design of the system

Automatic feeding unit module is the start of the automatic production line system, mainly by the workpiece loading and launching device, stents, valve group, terminal components, PLC,

button, groove bottom, etc. Main function is to be placed in a bunker workpiece automatically pushed to the material plate, so that the manipulator grasping and transmission of transport unit. Have both manual and automatic operation mode. Before the operation should ensure that feed plate material.

1.1 action process

Feeding unit main body is a rotating tray, tray set on two tubular bin. In the position of the dish on the corresponding material installed diffuse photoelectric switch, function is to detect material served on plates. When the workpiece will reach position, photoelectric switch to detect the existence of the workpiece, and the system to provide the unit disk material artifacts signal. In conveying unit control program, you can use the signals of the state of the component to drive the manipulator device, to travel. This under the action of gravity, the workpiece automatically move down the artifacts, ready for the next grab artifacts. If the current plate without artifacts, material plate will continue to test the expected position under program control. Until the two dishes no artifacts, material plate stop running.

1.2 the pneumatic circuit design

Pneumatic actuator, control loop is the unit of work consists of pneumatic manipulator and feeding wheel, finish loading and discharge. Manipulator in structure consists of two straight line of cylinder, a swinging cylinder and claw. Place status to: paw closed gas, shift cylinder, lifting cylinder, cylinder 0 °. A working cycle: the paw closed - gas claws open - qi - translation cylinder into - claw gas cylinder closed - translational cylinder to cylinder 180 °, back translation cylinder into the gas - lift cylinder fall - claw open to shift cylinder annealing, lifting cylinder to cylinder 0 °. Robots can do translation, lifting and swinging arm claw grasping motion, by magnetic proximity switch installed in each cylinder cylinder test limit position, and then by the PLC to realize position control. WuLiangWei five-way double electric solenoid valve installed on the collector plate, control of mechanical arm translation, lifting and swinging control and feeding plate rotating movement.

1.3 PLC control

In feeding unit, magnetic switch, position detection plate cylinder material without artifacts photoelectric switch, transmission congestion detection sensor and control buttons, PLC, a total of 14 received signal input terminal. Electromagnetic valve to control the movement of the output, the fault signal and the signal, a total of 13 output terminals. The main unit can choose Siemens s7-300 and the exchange of information between from the station.

2. The software design of the system

Design method of PLC ladder diagram program has two kinds of empirical method and sequence control. Sequential control design method is the basic idea of the system of a working cycle is divided into several connected to a sequence of steps, with programming components (such as memory M) to represent, in any step in the state of each output unchanged. Make the system by the current step into the next step signal is called the transition conditions, it can be an external input signal, such as buttons, such as the limit switch on and off. Can also be a PLC, the signals produced by internal contact signals such as timers and counters. Using sequential control design method, first of all, based on the system of technological process, as shown in the order of the functional diagram, function drawing out the ladder diagram according to order to complete the program design.

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