托福听力讲义非常详细

新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍

1.新托福和旧托福的对比

考试形式预读题目笔记题型PBT旧托福Paper Yes No1/4 multiple choice

IBT新托福Internet No Yes New types

2.题量，时间，分数

文章类型题量题目数时间CONVERSATION2-3 5 / conversation2-3 min / conversation LECTURE4-6 6 / lecture4-6 min / lecture

TOTAL6-9（加试）3460-90 min SCALE SCORE: 30 见OG185评分标准

3.题目的考查形式

考场环境：独立电脑，耳机，铅笔，草稿本

电脑环境：图片，视频，声音，板书

新题型：双选题，重听题，表格配对题

答题时间：总时间限制，每题分配时间不限

答题流程：永不悔改

4.文章材料的考查形式

文章结构：删除了旧托福的PART A 部分，更加注重于对于能力的考查

文章长度：比旧托福长

文章语速：无所谓快慢，比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活

文章类型：对话，独白，讨论

CONVERSATION文章思路

LECTURE文章思路

5.新托福考试题型概述

题号问题题型

1Why does the student go to see the professor?Gist question

2According to the professor, what information should the

student include in her statement of purpose?

Detail Question

3What does the professor consider unusual about the student’s

background?

Detail Question

4Why does the professor tell a story about his friend who went

ot medical school?

Detail Question

5What does the professor imply about the people who admit

students to graduate school?

Inference question

Gist question: 6

Detail question: 16

Purpose question: 6

Attitude question: 1

Organization question: 2

Inference question: 3 6.界面展示

7.IBT新托福资料说明——听力部分

图片资料名称特点推荐使用方法

The Official Study Guide 题目数量不多

难度较简单

题型全面，和考试相同，质量高

精听精做

题目分类研究

文章精读研究

不建议模考

ETS TOEFL PRACTICE ONLINE 一共14套，其中新东方引进4套，还有

2套是OG题目，其他全部为全真试题

难度和考试相当，已经有较全的版本出现

题型全面，场景全面

精听精做

建议最后冲刺模考

DELTA 新托福考试备考策略与模拟试题题目数量大，后面有四套模拟试题

前面的训练题目文章较短，不是托福模拟

听力材料要比考试稍难些，速度也稍快些

题型和考试相差很多，不建议细钻

精听精做

建议考前强化训练

对语速跟读模仿

DELTA 新托福考试模拟试题题目数量大，有六套模拟试题

具体特点同蓝皮delta

建议考前模拟

对语速跟读模仿

BARRON 新托福考试全真模考题与精解题目数量大，后面有7套模拟试题

难度偏小，在基础班使用

建议平时精听训练

KAPLAN模考试题四套有四套模拟试题

听力部分略难，语速略快

配合模拟光盘，有临考感觉

考前模考

THOMSON模考试题两套只有两套题，但质量很好，文章难度适中，

题目难度和Barron相近，感觉上略难一

些，和考试非常相似。

建议模考

Longman 新托福考试综合教程题目非常简单

题型脱离托福考试，可以做基础教材

对水平不好的学生

进行基础训练，循

序渐进

北极星英语系列教程——新TOEFL考试技能培训教程系列由大约10个单元的题材加最后的一些模

考题组成

题材贴近托福考试范围，可以做基础训练

使用

建议做基础训练

《新托福考试听力特训》文章难略不平均

题目脱离托福考试

不建议使用

《TOEFL iBT 听力新思维》技巧讲解偏多

涉及语音、词汇的部分讲解很详细

建议通读

《TOEFL iBT 听力习语必备》和旧托福版本改版不多

新托福考试更少的设计听力习语

建议通读

托福听力中的九大语音问题1.语速问题

托福听力过程中的语速问题

如何解决语速问题

2.连读问题

托福听力过程中的连读问题

（1）关键性词语出现连读：否定形式

not at all：The meeting yesterday wasn’t at all boring.

（2）常用性词语出现连读

for him

连读中的基本规则

（1）辅音+元音连读

I was found on the ground by the fountain about a field of a summer stride.

Not at all.

Rush hour.

This dictionary is not exactly what I wanted but it will do.

Travel agency, travel agent

（2）辅音+辅音连读

Some money, bike key

（3）元音+元音连读

Be on time

An apple a day keeps the doctor away

（4）H连读

I lent him a book.

Larry is taking a lot of art, isn’t he?

The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped.

I must have left my keys at my sister’s house.

She learned to use the computer on her own.

（5）其他特殊连读

【t】+【j】=【ch】：meet you, hurt you, that your

【d】+【j】=【dg】：would you, hand your, did you

【s】+【j】=【sh】：miss you, this year

【z】+【j】=【g】：as usual, because you

Example: won’t you, don’t you, didn’t you, haven’t you, hadn’t you,

wouldn’t you, weren’t you, last year, next year, not yet, did you, had you,

would you, I advice you, I use your, how’s your

如何解决连读问题

3.失爆问题

托福听力过程中的失爆问题：【p】，【b】，【t】，【d】，【k】，【g】任意两个连续出现就会发生失爆现象Sit down, good night, friendly

-this calculator isn’t working right.

-I think you’ve got the battery in upside down.

如何解决失爆问题

4.略读问题

托福听力过程中的略读问题：书写时将两个或多个相邻的单词省略某些字母而连接起来

I am = I’m, you have = you’ve, how is = how’s, that would = that’d

Doesn’t, didn’t, shouldn’t, hadn’t, hasn’t, wouldn’t, won’t

Official guide P199：OK. So we’ve talked about some different types of root systems of plants, and I’ve shown you some pretty cool slides, but now I want to talk about the extent of the rot system- the overall size of the root system…the depth.

如何解决略读问题

I’m, you’re, she’s, they’re, there’s, he’s, who’s

We’ve, he’ll, she’d, she’ll, she’s, they’d, they’ve, they’ll

Can’t, weren’t, won’t, are n’t, wouldn’t, shouldn’t

Gotta, gonna

5.弱读问题

托福听力过程中的弱读问题

（1）介词弱化：

stay at home, do it for fun, come from China, go in the house, a cup of coffee,

the train to Paris

（2）代词弱化：

Phone us when you are free.

I’ve lost my book.

（3）连词弱化：

Please give me some cream and sugar.

Either Tom or Peter can come.

如何解决弱读问题

6.英美音差异问题

托福听力过程中的英美音问题

（1）【r】音问题

Idea, really

They weren’t at the dorm last night.

(A) They went to the dormitory.

(B) They didn’t go to the dormitory.

-The snow is really coming down, isn’t it?

-Rarely do we have so much snow in December.

-What does the man mean?

(A) it is typical December weather for this region.

(B) such a large amount of snow is unusual for this month.

（2）【o】【a:】

Glass, class, fast

Hot, box, rock

（3）其他情况

Neither

如何解决英美音问题

常见易混音：Course-cause, once more-one small, career-Korea, worse-was, bore-ball, door-doll, core-call, tear-tea, short-shot

不加儿化音的词：China, Australia, banana, wall

常见英美音不同读法：Neither, either, record, cupboard, cassette, garage, laboratory, adult, ordinary, secretary, dictionary

7.词性变音问题

托福听力过程中的词性变音问题

Method- methodically

校园词汇的变音：meteorology, economics, geography

如何解决词性变音问题

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/e812758605.html,pany-companion, library-librarian, geography-geographical, ignore-ignorant,

photo-photographer-photographic, declare-declaration, economy-economic-economical, invite-invitation, technology-technological, type-typical缩写问题

托福听力过程中的缩写问题

Sitcom

Chem lab

prof

如何解决词性缩写问题

Intro. Course = introductory course 导论性课 Demo = demonstration 演示

Memo = memorandum 备忘录 Info. = Information 信息

Expo = exposition 博览会 Chem.= chemistry 化学

Comm. = commerce 商业 Tech = technology 技术

Ad.= advertisement 广告 Dorm = dormitory 寝室

. = Master of Arts 文学硕士 . = Master of Science 理学硕士

. =Bachelor of Arts文学士 . = Bachelor of Science理学士

alga = algebra 代数学、代数 anat = anatomy 解剖学、解剖

archit = architecture 建筑学、建筑 arith = arithmetic 算术、算术

astron = astronomy 天文学、天文 eng = engineering工程学、工程

electr = electricity电学、电 fin = finance财政学、财政

geol = geology地质学、地质 geom = geometry几何学、几何

gram = grammar文法 hist = history历史、史

ling = linguistics语言学、语言 maths = mathematics数学、数学

mech = mechanics 机械学、机械 med = medical医学、医

met = meteorology气象学、气象 myth = mythology 神话

phil = philosophy哲学 phon = phonetics 语言学、语言

photo = photography摄影术、摄影 phys = physics物理学、物理

physiol = physiology生理学、生理 pol = politics政治学、政治

psych = psychology心理学、心理

9.数字问题

托福听力过程中的数字问题

Miles

2,3073,4364,0074,145 Amazon

Mississippi

Nile

Yangtze

逗号原则

1,234,567,890:

新托福听力记笔记NOTE TAKING

记笔记的两种形式

符号

＞: surpass, exceed

＜:less than

＝: equal to, the same as

≠: difference

↑: increase, promote, enhance, improve

↓: decrease, fall, worsen

＋: plus, add, besides, moreover

－: minus, deduct, except

→: result in, lead to

←: originate from, date back to

√: correct, good, positive, affirmative

×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative

☆: outstanding, elite

∵: because, owing to, thanks to, since, as

∴: therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence

∑: total, amount

γ: government

缩写

able?BL: PRBL， RSBL， DBL

ing?G: SHPG

tion?N: OPTN， NAN

ment?T: AGRMT

ize?Z: RCGNZ， OGNZ

tive?TV: EFCTV，

ful?FL: SCFL

less?LS: RGDLS

ent/ant?T: URGT

al/ial?L: ARVL

练习

Sample Script:

American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years.

Now, some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online. One university offers both bachelor’s degrees and master’s degrees. Official say they try to provide students with a social experience as well as an educational one. For example, in some programs, groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together. They communicate by computer. Another online school uses a problem-solving method of teaching. Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information.

Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to building at a set time to listen to a professor. Professors say they have better communication with students through e-mail notes than they do in many traditional classes.

新托福听力文章套路

1.托福听力中的重点原则

原则一：大写原则

原则二：开头结尾原则：3T-2M原则

原则三：重复原则

原则四：转折对比原则

原则五：强调原则

原则六：比较原则

原则七：建议原则

原则八：举例原则

原则九：现在原则

原则十：解释原则

原则十一：因果原则

原则十二：观点态度原则

原则十三：特殊问句原则

2.举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 1——CONVERSATION

3.举例：OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE SET 2——LECTURE

1.课程相关事务场景

场景特点：主要涉及到一些和课程相关事项的解决方法。一定以conversation出现，常见话题有：安排考试，调课事宜，课程辅助材料等。

常见套路：

（1）和考试相关：考试分数；考试复习；安排考试；考试分数

（2）和课程相关：课程目的；课程类型；课程形式，课程作业

（3）和作业相关：作业类型；作业方法；交作业相关

（4）和论文相关：论文的分数

场景词汇：

Discussion, presentation, topic, lecture, good choice, slide, library, collection, check, librarian

Report, office hour, submit, on disk, hard copy, soft copy, computer, print, computer lab

Project, ton of, cover, re-write, research data, information, input, complete

Term paper, grade, complicated, terrible mistake, edited version, overtired, stressed, rushing against the clock, mark, draft, print, final paper, maintaining average, application, drop, re-take, due, extention, discuss, check back, re-reading, submission Information, exam schedule, term, date, book, department, invigilator, sign up, sheet, bulletin board, faculty lounge, square, draft, dean, review, draw up, manually, consult, register

Physiology 100, sophomore, second year course, first year student, transfer, begin my first lecture, introduce, complete, approach, laws of physics and chemistry, process of life, vital force, philosophical approach, scientific experimentation

Final exam, midterm, multiple choice question, essay question, comprehensive exam, the subject, review, textbook, class note, the final will count for 50% of your grade, research project, run into problems

School bulletin, required writing course, first year student, third year stuent, research paper, sign up, cover the entire process of writing a research paper, selecting topic, final format, presentation, hand in, assignment, final grade

Class meeting, lecture, different concept, hand in, issue, revision, grade

Research paper, due, proposed topics, make comment, the most frequent problem, broad, preliminary outline, schedule, available, appointment, final outline, no more than two pages long, thesis statement, precise statement, conclusion

Workshop, intensive, techniques and skills, personal attention, register, advantage Consecutive summer, community center, seminar, workshop, beginning students, advanced students, last four weeks, credit is awarded, information

Discuss, schedule, midterm, administer, attendance, optional class 场景例题：

2.相关事务+专业讨论场景

场景特点：场景性开场白+中间专业内容+场景性结尾。开头老师常见的会有几种寒暄，结尾老师会总结收场，中间的专业段落在专业场景中会涉及。

常见套路：

（1）开头寒暄套路

（2）结尾总结套路

场景词汇：

场景例题：见专业段落

3.选课场景

场景特点：一类是学生和学生之间讨论选课，一类是老师和学生之间讨论选课。开场白部分即可判定其为选课场景，文章内容和结构都相对固定。

常见套路：

（1）文章的主题：Why does the woma come to see the man? What is the topic of the conversation?

What is the main subject of the conversation?

（2）老师对学生的疑问：What does the professor concern about?

课程太难听不懂

学生选课太多跟不上

学生基础太差

（3）学生对自己情况的分析

（4）关于退课和放弃课程

（5）文章结尾的延伸：What is the teacher going to do next? What is the student going to do next? What does the student feel at the end of the conversation?

场景词汇：

Course, semester, summer session, elective, bird course, splendor, lecture hall, lab, tough decision, pick, choose, grade, relaxed, paper, final exam, advice, sign up

Enquiry, credit course, off-campus, program, remote, access, internet, degree, distance education, diploma, requirement, format, print materials, audio-tapes, video, teleconferencing, deliver, cost, fixed date, history 490

Drop, fail, math 101, rough, test, med school

Use your advice, do premed, introductory course, non-science major, be weak in, do poorly in, meet at the same time, modern drama course

Semester, enroll in, graduate course, qualified, hard time keep up, favorite interest, challenging, easy grade

Permission to register, take the prerequisite, the beginning course, catalog, instructor, previous experience, formal training, decision

Signature, schedule card, advisor’s approval, quite a heavy load, drop the course, seminar

Sign up for a noncredit course, intermediate level, grade, regular meeting

Transfer, bachelor’s degree, associate, selective, letters of recommendation

Hard course, rehearsal, extra time, once a week

Flight program, degree, license, excellent reputation, selective, 场景例题：

4.迟到旷课场景

场景特点：一个学生由于迟到或者旷课而向另外一个学生询问上课的内容。

常见套路：

（1）学生旷课迟到的理由：why was the man late for class?

车坏了

得病了

睡过了

（2）所缺课程的主题：what is the topic of the professor’s leture which the man has missed?

（3）学生补课的套路

（4）结尾的保证：what does the man promise to do?

场景词汇：

feel good, cover, lecture, point out, chapter, textbook, part, divide, project, focus, due, show up, note, transcribe, email

oversleep, talk about

trouble with my car, lecture series, attend, admission

fill me in something, dentist, emergency, missed somebody’s lecture, note, make sense 场景例题：

5.转学场景

场景特点：学生想要转学或者转专业，可以涉及的话题还包括转专业申请文书的写作等。

常见套路：

（1）学生转学转专业的理由why does the student go to see the professor? Why does the professor consider unusual about the student’s background?

（2）学生转学的特殊情况

（3）学生应该怎样去做

场景词汇：

Public university, private university, community college, reputation, class size, personal attention, individual attention, interact, group discussion, tuition, expense, cost, afford, affordable, location, environment, large city, small town, college town, top student, application, experience, special

6.实验室场景

场景特点：有些课是在实验室上的，就会涉及到实验室专门的词汇和专业内容背景。

常见套路：

（1）实验室课程的专门用语

（2）实验室设备的专门用语

场景词汇：

Laboratory, research procedure, lab assistant, retrieve information, track the course, monitor, track the progress

Lab instructor, lab experience, setup, equipment, result, grade, lab notebook, proper precautions, protective goggles, toxic effect of chemicals, lab procedure, heavy metal

Workbook, material, experiment, available

7.图书馆场景

场景特点：学生和图书馆相关的场景，包括借书还书，图书馆设施，图书馆内遇到的问题麻烦等。

常见套路：

（1）美国大学图书馆的基本制度

（2）图书馆的基本部门设置和常见设施

（3）借书还书相关以及遇到的各种问题

场景词汇：

Library, chek out, spread out, focus, jam, spot, crowd, comfy, far away

Due, finish, renew, check, library card, late, mixed up, request, fine, overdue, pay,

process, sign, suspend, privilege

Librarian, facilities, reference room, reference material, dictionary, bibliography, literature guide, telephone book, periodical room, newspaper, magazine, academic journal, current issue, older issue, card catalog, listed by title, by author and by topic, call number

return, shelves, check out, reserve book, overnigh use

secondhand bookstore, inscription, front cover, signature, poetry book

paperback section, index

exit gate, check out

reserve, additional copy, article

场景例题：

8.课堂内容讨论场景

场景特点：学生课下对于课堂的某些问题的讨论，可能涉及作业、教师等话题

常见套路：

（1）讨论课堂留下的作业。

（2）讨论老师教学质量。

（3）涉及课堂内容，比如学生没有听懂课下讨论上课的某一问题。

9.奖学金场景

场景特点：学生与奖学金助学金相关的问题咨询工作人员。

常见套路：

（1）咨询奖学金的种类

（2）奖学金授予的资格：What can be inferred aout the qualifications to apply for bursaries?

（3）如何申请奖学金

（4）奖学金申请的材料

（5）申请到奖学金的可能性

（6）奖学金的网站：What is the student most likely to do after this conversation?

场景词汇：

Scholarship, bursary, department, information, financial aid, monetary, grant, determine, committee, donor, apply for, financially, in need, consider, out-of-town, requirement, website, on-line, submit, official, document, in person

scholarship, available, maintain, average, mark, apply for, applicant, committee, honor, award, exam, candidate, weight, guarantee, grade point average (GPA), percent, website, address, rigorous, extra-curricular, hardship, achievement, letter of recommendation, fill, time consuming job, recommend, eligibility, enrolment

场景例题：

10.论文场景

场景特点：学生与写论文相关的问题和教授讨论。内容和结构相对固定。

常见套路：

（1）论文题目选定

（2）论文中包括的资料查找：What information will the man include in his report?

（3）老师对论文的后续服务：What does the professor offer to do for the man?

场景词汇：

Organize, essay, topic, chosen, broad, narrow it down, compare, focused, interested, begin, discussion, opinion, fact, support, idea, check, statistics, percentage, include, words, rough draft, outline, break down, subtopic, office hour, reference, material

Research paper, discuss, topic, recommend, theory, work progress

Report, subject, catalog, published source, gather material

Information, plagiarize, failing grade, gather, note, assimilate the information thoroughly, paraphrase, capture the mian idea, quote directly, finalize the research paper

Draft, pass it out in our classes, clear up the problem

场景例题：

11.实地考查场景

场景特点：指学生fieldtrip野外实地考查的相关，或者外出的各种活动，比如采访等等。

常见套路：

（1）Where? Fieldtrip的目的地

（2）When? 要去多久何时走何时回

（3）Who? 哪些人去哪个年级去

（4）How? 怎么去

（5）Why? 目的是什么

（6）注意事项，比如带哪些东西，不带哪些东西

场景词汇：

List, supply, on site, kit, notebook, axe, glove, instrument, measure, clean, cancel, weather, clothes, outside, food, snack, transportation, transport, dig

Trip leader, participate, report, field trip

场景例题：

12.体育运动场景

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常见套路：

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（2）每个运动项目的标志词

（3）每个运动项目所常提及的话题

（4）每个运动项目的背景知识

场景词汇：

场景例题：

Spring cycling season, regular hobby, physical fitness routine, bicyclist, expert riders

Endurance test, recreational cyclists, racers

Ski patrol, ski patroller, safety

Physical education class, rock climbing, rope, belt, buckle, safety equipment, climbing trip

13.游玩场景

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常见套路：

（1）出游的目的

（2）出游的具体计划

（3）出游的内容

（4）出游遇到的问题

场景词汇：

场景例题：

Break, racket, reserve a court

Rock concert, vacation, weather

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常见套路：

（1）托福中学生经常从事的工作

Teaching assistant, research assistant, lab assistant

各种商业部门的工作

家庭服务性工作

与本专业、或比较有趣的工作

（2）工作的内容

（3）申请的手续和流程

应聘的资格

工作的待遇和时间

手续问题

工作的具体内容

场景词汇：

Summer break, work, job, offer, excellent opportunity, practice, wonderful, dilemma, difficult decision, plan, volunteer, NGO, chance, share, interesting, spend, accept, program, interview, company, application, apply for, money, advice

Tough, exam, stressed, dread, cram the night, part-time, money, board, balance, hit the book, energy, tired, sleep, consolation, get through, fun, fondness

Announcement, hire, part-time assistant, experience, research, daily

Laboratory assistant, fill out an application, fit into my schedule

Variety of job opportunities, responsible for, volunteer, service, postions are open, link of service, career training, program available, demand physical endurance, receive no salary, pay for living expense, housing and food allowance, additional information Internship program, advanced planning, career opportunities, working experience, short term experience, permanent employment, full-time, academic credit, supervise, hand out, career advisory service, living expence

场景例题：

15.学生组织活动场景

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常见套路：

（1）学生经常参加和组织的活动

班级竞选

减肥

公益活动

（2）活动的目的：What is the main reason for the woman to participate this activity?

（3）分发handout：

（4）活动的具体内容

场景词汇：

Run, marathon, motivator, back into shape, inspire, running buddies, positive, sponsor, tons of money, cause

Introduce, campus daily, volunteer, salary, ceremony, alumni

场景例题：

16.报到注册场景

场景特点：新生报到注册时候遇到的问题。

常见套路：

（1）报到注册的时间

（2）报到注册的准备材料

（3）报到注册可能遇到的问题

场景词汇：

Registration, time, determine, first year student, mail, designated date, specific time, admission letter, continuing students, average, previous, session, pay, credit card, bank, teller, confirmation slip, in person

Registration, date, newly admitted student, undergraduate, junior, sophomore, returning student, senior, check, pay attention, time, register, designated time, pay, fee, financial aid, financial officer, sponsor, authorization letter, on-line 场景例题：

17.校园生活场景

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常见套路：

（1）房子条件差

（2）与室友很难相处

（3）找房子租

（4）学校房子的管理制度

场景词汇：

Move, accent, pod, international group, major, lucky, excellent, booklet, regulation, rule, conductive, quiet policy, self-policed, problem, allow, smoke, cook, plug, dryer, voltage, alarm, kitchen, leftover, clean-up day, hot water, meter, washroom, laundry facility, basement, conserving energy, lounge area, heat, air-conditioning, atorage area, permit, hallway, community space, prior notification, safe, valuable, housekeeper, vacuum cleaner, lock, key, check, fire prevention equipment, cover, overnight visitor, arrange, in advance, religious propaganda, dorm, furnishing, park

Roommate, dormitory, unpacking our things, neat

Housing office, living off campus, cost, rent, utilities, need a car to commute, noisy, peace and quiet

Winter break, dean, vacation arrangement, fill up the forms, heating cost, temporary accommodation

Housing director, checkout procedure, leave for vacation, return your key, summer maintenance crew, residence advisor, pass around

Apartment, dump, functional, noisy

场景例题：

18.医院场景

场景特点：关于学生看病和医院相关的场景。

常见套路：

（2）常见病症的词汇

（3）常见治疗手段的词汇

（4）治病的常见句型总结

场景词汇：

Diagnose, patient’s illness, painful, technological advance, blood and tissue sample, diagnostic techniques, detect diseases, variations in temperature, X rays, side effect, uncomfortable, endure pain, health care

Medical clinic and infirmary, nursing staff, get sick, a really bad cold, develop terrible coughs, pneumonia, stay in the infirmary, don’t feel well, rest more and skip

a few classes, get medical excuse, the clinic hour, emergency number

Modern medical facility, health needs, dental clinic, maternity ward, operating room, special sugery, surgeons

Student Health Services, blood pressure, university nutritionists, processed foods, university hospital

Pain, discharge, slight earache, take it easy

Prevention, symptoms, cough, fever, funny nose, head and bones ache, chill, flu, influenza, overtired, stressed out, exposure to virus, sneeze, airborne virus, body’s resistance, ward off the flu, rest, eat well, drink a lot of water, immune system, fight off illness, immunized, vaccine, university health center

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