英语四级阅读理解逐句翻译2

2007年6月

一、

I've been writing for most of my life.

我一辈子大部分时间都在从事写作。

The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously.

《写作无师自通》这本书想我介绍了一种区别和一种练习。帮助我大大提高了写作水平。

The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind.

区别是关于创造性思维和评判性思维之间的区别。

While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.

你需要做的是运用两者帮助你得到一个结果，但是他们不能同时起作用，无论我们多么想要这样做。

Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter.

试图匆忙地批判写作内容可能是我们大多数人在写作时遇到的最大障碍。

If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting （稍纵即逝的）thought, the thought will die.

如果你按照五年级英语老师教你的，在努力抓紧稍纵即逝的想法的同时纠正你的语法，这个想法肯定会消失。

If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand.

如果你抓住了稍纵即逝的想法，但仅以其原始的形式和世界分享，或许没有

人能够理解。

You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.

如果你想要把写作作为思考的工具，必须学会首先创造，然后批判。

The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow ca lls “free writing.”

练习是指ELbow所说的“自由写作”，它可以帮助你改正边写边改的话习惯。

In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes.

在自由写作中，我们的目标是在15-20分钟的时间内不间断写作。

No stopping, no going back, no criticizing.

不停顿，不回头，不作批判。

The goal is to get the words flowing.

这样做的目的是使文字流畅起来。

As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.

当语言开始流畅，想法就会从阴暗处涌现出来，呈现在你的笔记本或者电脑屏幕上。

Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you've persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly.

现在，你有进行评判性思维的原材料了，建议你坐下静静地查看文稿。

Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.

通常，你会认为这个环节所需的时间比你实际需要的时间要长，并且直到最

后一刻，你还盯着文稿，头脑一片空白。

Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad.

不要盯着空白的屏幕，无论多么糟糕，都开始写下去。

Halfway through you available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product.

写作时间进行到一半时，停下来整理你的初稿，让它更接近终稿。

Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.

不断前后重复，直到时间用尽。这样，你所得到的终稿会比你用现在在练习中写的文稿要好得多。

二、

I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again.

我不想再谈关于作为一位女性科学家的问题了。

There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men.

有一段时间，人们不断地问我在男性主导的领域中工作的故事。

I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting.

我不擅长将这些故事，因为实际上我并不觉得它们有趣。

What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.

我真正感兴趣的是宇宙的起源，时空的形状和黑洞的本质。

At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom.

在19岁的时候，我开始学习天体物理学，作为班上唯一的女性，我一点也不觉得苦恼。

But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me.

但是当我在麻省理工学院攻读博士学位和之后作为博士后进行太空研究时，这一点开始让我觉得苦恼。

My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics.So were my failures.

我的每一项成就----工作，研究论文，奖项---都被人们从性别政治的角度进行审视。我的失败也一样。

Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.

有时候，当我陷入左脑和右脑，天赋与培育的争论中时，我会立刻为我自己和所有的妇女进行激烈的抗辩。

Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore.

然后再很多年以后的一天，我口中冒出一句最终成为我对所有挑衅的回答：“我不再讨论这个问题了”

It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues.

我花了十年的时间重获19岁时的自信，让自己认识到我不再想要处理性别的问题。

Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female

scientist?

为何性别歧视要成为每位女性科学家的另一个可怕的负担？

After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.

毕竟，我不是社会学或政治理论的研究者。

Today I r esearch and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City.

现在，我在Barnard---纽约的一所女子学院进行研究和授课。

Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were women.

最近，有人问我班上的45个学生中有多少是女性。

You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45.

你很难想象我在回答时的满足感：45。

I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children.And I don’t dismiss those concerns.

我知道有些学生会担心如何处理科学俺就和生儿育女之间的矛盾，我不会不理会这些担心。

Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. In stead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments.

但是，我也不会跟她们讲述“战争”的故事，相反，我会告诉他们：他们的物理教授身怀六甲仍然坚持做物理实验的景象。

And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And th at’s a sight worth talking about.

作为回报，他们给我我45个热爱科学的女性的形象。这才是值得谈论的景象。

2007年12月

一、

By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction.

无论如何，网络教学已经十分流行。

In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some fo rm of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, it’s closer to 90 percent.

近几年来，有34%的美国大学开始提供不同形式的远程教学，而在较大的大学里，这个数字已经接近90%。

If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven’t heard of the University of Phoenix.

如果你对这与潮流表示质疑，那么或许你还没有听过凤凰城大学。

It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest private university in the country.

这所大学的学位都是通过网络教学授予的，目前学生总数为9万人，该数字使之号称是美国最大的私立学校。

While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail.

尽管这些课程的具体教学内容不尽相同，但远程教学通常意味着老师会在网站上公布教程大纲，阅读作业和进度安排，而学生通过电子邮件交作业。

Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether.

一般而言，师生间面对面交流会很少，甚至没有。

The attraction for students might at first seem obvious.

起初，这种教学形式对学生的吸引是显而易见的。

Primar ily, there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣).

主要是网络课堂很便利，正如其宣传的一般，学生可以穿着睡衣来上学。

But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course.

然而数据表明，课堂参与的减少导致学生学习不是很努力。

While dropout rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent.

美国大学本科新生的退学率约为20%，而对于参加网络教学的学生而言，这个数字达到了35%。

Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup.

学生本身也明白这个机制的不足之处。对

In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good as the classroom course.

康奈尔大学远程教学部的调查结果显示，只有不到三分之一的受访者热认为网络课程的质量和传统课堂一样。

Clearly, from the schools’ perspective, there’s a lot of money to be saved.

无疑，从学校的角度，网络教学能节约大量金钱。

Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in severs and networks to support collaborative software, most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded(升级) systems.

尽管部分更艰巨的项目需要新资金的注入来构建服务器的网络以支持协作软件。其余大多数的网络课程都可在现有或略微提升的系统上得以实现。

The more students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus, the more the schools saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots.

网络教学招生越多，学校节约的成本就越多：因为学院不来学校，学校的灯无需开着，不必雇佣门卫，停车场也不用维修。

And, while there’s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons, they won’t be paid any more, and might well be paid less.

同时，有证据显示对于远程教育的导师来说，诸多原因使得他们必须更加努力地授课；也许他们的薪酬不会增加，还有可能减少。

二、

In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied.

在这个充斥着网聊，电子游戏与真人秀的时代，并不缺乏让小孩子沉迷的玩物。

Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories.

尽管有着这些诱惑，我8岁的女儿Rebecca，却希望花时间写写小故事。

She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last year.

她打算将其中一个作品拿去比赛-------一个去年她获胜的比赛。

As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them.

作为一名作家，我十分了解写作比赛中赢和输意味着什么。

I know what it is like to work hard on a story to receive a rejection slip from the publisher.

我知道，当辛辛苦苦写完一个故事却遭到出版社的拒绝是一种什么样的心情；

I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories.

我也知道，要维护从前的成功所带来的声望需要承受多么大的压力。

What if she doesn’t win the contest again?

加入女儿这次赢不了比赛会怎么样呢？

That’s the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.

作为父母，这是无比奇怪的事情。我们以往的很多伤痕和破碎的梦想会慢慢浮现出来。

A revelation (启示) came last week when I asked her, “Don’t you want to win again?” “No,” she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”

知道上星期，我得到了启示。我问她：“你想再赢一次吗？”“不”女儿回答，“我只想告诉大家一个天使上一年级的故事”

I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously (自发地) told them.

我其实已经花了好几个星期在女儿不自觉地讲述时修正她的故事。

Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall.

我告诉自己，这无非是一个有经验的作家在引导一个新作家而已。

I offered suggestions first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson.

我给了她不少建议，关于角色，冲突以及故事的结局，在我的“指引”下，这个原本讲小天使担惊受怕地开始念一年级的故事，很快变成了一个充满丰富想象力的女孩开始第一节音乐课的历程。

I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.

在我不经意时，我已经把她的比当成了自己的比赛。

Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks.

放手给孩子空间成长不想看起来那么简单。

Because I know little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade. 因为我对能用工具的农场动物，或者一年级的小天使一无所知。

I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter’s experience.

我不得不承认我借用了女儿的经历。

While steeping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked.

尽管对于我来说放手不容易，但可喜的是，这回是一个好的开端，我很快可以学会更多，给自己一段合适的距离，既可以让女儿有发展的空间，同时在她需要时施以援手。

All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment , grow and find their own voices.

在这个过程中，我会一直提醒自己，孩子需要空间去尝试，去找到属于自己的路。

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今年考的三套翻译题均是跟中国的公共交通相关的内容，介绍了公交车、飞机、地铁服务的提升，以及市民生活水平的提高。展现了我国社会的发展和人民幸福水平的提升。 交通方式这一话题是考生日常所熟知的，也比较贴近考生的生活，词汇对于考生来说不是问题，“公交车”、“航空”等都是小学初中就接触到的词汇，但是需要考生去积累一些组合词汇，例如：“私家车private car”、“老年市民senior citizens”等。 对段落内容的理解也不是难事，毕竟交通方式是生活中老生常谈的话题，主要的难点在于一些固定的句式和搭配，例如“随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高”是考生耳熟能详的“万金油”句式。 诸如此类句式还有：“曾是……used to be…”、“越来越……more and more…”这些表达应该是考生在平时的学习中慢慢积累的。 此外，时态语态也是考生容易出错的点，由于汉语和英语表达习惯的不同，汉语中不常用被动，或者即使表达被动的意思也不会体现在句式上，例如：“公交车设施不断更新”，从字面并没有任何提示是被动，但语义的理解却带有被动的含义，翻译成英语时一定要体现出“be+过去分词”的结构。 又如“许多城市……一直努力……”,需要判断，这个动作发生在过去的某个时间节点，一直持续，并还可能持续下去，最后确定此处应选用现在完成进行时，在平时的学习中，应理解每种时态对应的情况，才能更加贴切地表达出原文所要传达的意思 句子的语序调整仍值得考生注意。时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语和方式状语仍然是重要的考点，一般情况下都要后置。 其次是句型的变化。注意运用被动语态(从中英文语用习惯以及动词发出者的逻辑主语去改句子)、插入语(例如，“包括许多农民和外出务工人员”)、there be 句型(非人主语+有/存在。例如，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁)和It为形式主语的句子(例如，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的)进行改句，防止句式单一。 过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。 In the past, travelling by airplane was unimaginable for most Chinese.

2016年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese to English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 2016年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案（卷一）红色 在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运与快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。 参考范文：

在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。在封建(feudal)社会中，它象征统治者的权力和权威。那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国，黄色也是收获的象征。秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。 要点1：黄颜色是一种很重要的颜色yellow is an important color, 相信这句大家都能译的出来，不过要注意：“黄颜色”不需要写yellow color，因为yellow本来就是黄色。 要点2：它具有独特的象征意义which carries a unique symbolic meaning. 要点3：它象征着统治者的权利和权威It embodies rulers’ power and authority.此处，统治者可以接受的译法还有：governor, dominator 都是可以的。象征还可以写成symbolize,represent. 要点4：皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色royal palaces were painted with yellow. 皇家宫殿royal palaces，皇帝emperor，黄袍imperial robes. 要点5：普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的average people were not allowed to wear yellow clothes，禁止还可以用：ban, forbid. 要点6：秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄When crops are ripe in Fall,the farmlands become a piece of golden yellow.

大学英语四级考试翻译提高练习

大学英语四级考试翻译提高练习 第一部分翻译——核心语法 1.各种从句的用法 下面通过总结归纳来进一步探讨历年四级翻译对各类从句的考查情况。 (1)主语从句 真题：__________(很多人没有意识到的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6) 答案：What many people don’t realize. (2)宾语从句 真题：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life__________(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.(2007.12) 答案：is measured by how much they can loan. (3)表语从句 真题：In my sixties, one change I notice is that__________(我比以前更容易累了).(2007.12) 答案：I am more likely to get tired than before (4)定语从句 真题：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems__________(他们至今还没有答案)(2008.12) 答案：(that/which)they haven’t found solution to或to which they haven’t found solution 真题：__________(与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6) 答案：Compared with the place where I grew up 真题：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is __________(我们可以合.(2007.6) 答案：the field where(in which)we can cooperate (5)状语从句 真题：Leaving one’s job, __________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6) 答案：whatever it is(让步状语从句) 真题：I am going to pursue this course, __________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).(2007.12) 答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(让步状语从句) 真题：Some psychologists claim that people ______(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)(2006.12) 答案：may feel lonely when they are away from home(时间状语从句) 【真题】__________(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.(2008.12) 【解析】本题考查对主语从句的掌握。汉语中“所关心的”实际上是指“所关心的事情”，用英语表达则使用what引导的从句。What在主语从句中作介词的宾语。“关心”可以用be concerned about表达。 【答案】What most parents are concerned about