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高考英语阅读理解 教师版1

高考英语阅读理解 教师版1
高考英语阅读理解 教师版1

环球雅思学科教师辅导教案

专题导入

如何更好地提高阅读质量呢?

目前你存在的问题是什么?

考点梳理

英语高考卷中阅读理解占总分的约1/3,所占比重居各题型之首,是 “重中之重”,此部分的得分直接决定了整个试卷的分数层次,可谓“得阅读者得天下”。考试时由于学生在听力、语法、词汇、完型填空等各部分已花费了大约45分钟的时间,在阅读理解的答题过程中,就会出现耐力“临界点”,感觉注意力、理解力甚至心理都会受到影响。为此,复习阅读理解部分时应分清阅读理解的试题类型,采用不同的解题技巧。

阅读理解的基本解题步骤是预览题目,记住考察要点;浏览材料及复读阅读材料,寻找与问题有关的细节或内容。最后解答问题,确定答案。但根据不同的试题类型,可以有针对性地采取一些策略。阅读理解的常见题型有四大类: 一、细节理解题

细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些问题考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案,但有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理,如计算、排序、判断、比较等。同往年一样,2014年全国及各省、市高考阅读理解中,对细节理解类题型的考查依然占了较大的比例。特别是应用文、说明文和记叙文中,更是侧重于对细节理解的考查。

(一)命题方式细节理解题常见的出题方式有以下几种:

1.以when , where , what , which , who , how much , how many 等疑问词开头引出的问题; 学员编号: 年 级:高三 课 时 数:3 学员姓名: 辅导科目:英语 学科教师:杨茹 授课类型

T ——阅读理解专题讲解 星 级

★★★

教学目标

1、了解阅读理解的各项题型

2、掌握各个题型的解题技巧 教学日期 2019年02月01日 8:00--10:00

2.是非判断题,题干中常有TRUE,NOT true或EXCEPT等;

3.以According to …… 开头的提问方式;

4.以填空题的形式出现的题干,在2007年高考题中出现的此类题目有:

1)Certain animals change their choice of food when _______.

2)Daylight Saving Time was introduced in Tasmania _______.

3)The writer thought Amery “a fair game” because the boy _______.

4)Mr. Dunlop established his business _______.

(二)解题指导

1. 应用文中的细节理解应用文,特别是广告,是阅读理解题中常见的一种体裁。广告简洁明快,语言精练,篇幅小、信息多。广告阅读题多为细节理解题。做这类阅读题的技巧是:先读题目,带着问题有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。一般情况下,只要细心都会找到正确答案。

2. 说明文中的细节理解与应用文一样,说明文中的阅读理解也偏重考查细节,我们也可以采用”先看题,然后带着问题在材料中寻找对应信息“的办法答题。

3. 记叙文中的细节理解故事、人物描写等记叙文体是阅读理解的考查重点之一。做这类题一般也可采用“寻读法”,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再对相关词语或句子进行分析对比,获取准确信息,找出正确答案。

4. 细节理解题中的代词指代题代词指代题要求考生根据上、下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用,所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。

(三)方法小结高考要求考生在规定的时间里处理大量的阅读材料,因此,掌握答题技巧,提高阅读速度就显得尤为重要。一般来说,解答细节理解题时都可采用“寻读法”。也就是说,考生不必通篇细看原文,而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法,先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索,快速地捕捉和理解事实或细节,恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧,在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句,仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案。

二、推理判断题

推理判断题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断的能力。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题,在近年高考中所占比例有逐渐加大的趋势。

(一)命题方式在推理判断题题干中常含有表示“表明、暗示、推论”的词汇,如infer,i mply,suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,show等;有时提问中含有表示推测的情态动词,如can,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的词,如probably,most likely,seem等。2009年高考英语中就出现了下面这些不同的命题方式:

1. We can infer from the text that humans and animals _______.

2. We can learn from the last paragraph that _______.

3. The author seems to believe that _______.

4. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler's memoir?

5. The author's attitude towards found photographs can be described as _______

6. What do we know about the use of DST from the last paragraph?

7. The author will most probably agree that composers _______.

8. The main purpose of the text is to _______.

9. The author mentions his experience in Thailand to show that _______.

10. By telling the story of Karen,the author intends to _______.

11. Which of the following agrees with the writer's idea?

12. It can be concluded from the passage that _______.

(二)解题指导

1. 如何推断隐含意义做这类推理题时,要注意以下几点:首先,一定要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据,立足已知,推断未知;其次,要全面分析已知信息,进行深层处理,不能就事论事,断章取义,以偏概全;最后,答案一般要依靠合理推理得出,而不能只选择文章中直接表述的信息为答案。

2. 如何推断态度和观点作者的态度、观点、意图往往隐含在文章的字里行间,或流露于修饰的词语之中,考生应学会揣测和体会。在推断过程中,应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。千万不能主观臆想,凭空想象,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。

3. 如何推断写作目的推测作者的写作目的,必须要先了解文章的主题,然后分析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安排。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者(to entertain);广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务(to persuade);议论文的目的是要阐述论点(to argue);科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识,帮助大家广闻博见(to infor m)。

4. 如何推断文章出处做这类推理题时,最重要的是要抓住各段的段落大意和文章的中心思想,这是推理的前提和基础。

5. 如何推断人物性格做这类题时一定要注意准确把握字里行间的意思,特别是要注意表达情感色彩、主观态度和个人观点的词语对推断人物性格的主导作用。

6. 如何推算数据解答此类题,关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息,然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上,运用自己的数学知识,对其进行分析、推算,从而得出正确的结论。

三、猜测词义题

猜测词义题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力和处理生词的能力,它包括对词、词组和句意的理解。猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧,也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面。每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题,因此,掌握一定的猜词技巧,对突破高考阅读理解和提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。

(一)命题方式猜测词义题常见的设问方式有以下几种:

1)Which of the f ollowing is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “……”? 2)The underlined word “……” could best be replaced by _______.

3)In the …… paragraph,the underlined word “……” means (refers to)_______. 4)What is the meaning of the underlined word “……” in the first paragraph?

5)What does the underlined word “……” in Paragraph 3 mean?

6)The author uses the underlined phrase “……” to mean _______.

(二)解题指导阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都是有联系的,因此,我们可以利用语境和一定的技巧推测、判断某些生词的词义。一般来说,我们可以通过: 1)构词法;

2)同义、反义关系;

3)词的定义、解释和举例;

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高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)

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3.对症下药,各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后,再把短文的问题简单看一遍,弄懂题意,然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息,是为某些特定的问题而阅读,因此阅读时要有较强的针对性,对与问题有关的数据,词句等仔细阅读,认真理解,同时结合不同考查内容的题型,采取如下解题对策: (1)事实询问题:这类试题通常是以疑问词what,who,when,where,why,how 等引起的特殊问句,就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义,然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节,正确估计答案来源,同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息,确认各种信息。 (2)推理判断题:此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思,对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手,根据上下文的内在联系,充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系,人物的动机,以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西,不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考,切勿想当然,凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 (3)数据推算题:此题要求我们就文章提供的数据,以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断,然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时,要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析,若数据信息较多,还要注意弄清数据之间的关系,同时分清有用与无用信息,最终作出正确判断。 (4)主旨大意题:此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句,抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意,因此,只要找准每段的主题句,文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。

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高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析

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