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翻译的基本技巧被动语态的翻译

翻译的基本技巧被动语态的翻译
翻译的基本技巧被动语态的翻译

翻译的基本技巧--被动语态的翻译

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翻译的基本技巧 被动语态的翻译

翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法 语态转换译法 1 顺译法 顺译成被动句 顺译成主动句 2 倒译法 把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 倒译成汉语的无主句 3 分译法 一、顺译法 既保留原文的主语,又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。 1 顺译法 (Translation in Original Order) 1. 1 顺译成被动句 A.译成“被”字 所谓“被”字句,就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊,或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者(受事者)是不乐意或不情愿接受的。 例1:Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated. 【译文】维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。 例2:Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they themselves germinate. 【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精,植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏,以备种子未来发芽之需。例3:She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, mad, and imbruted partner! (Charlotte Bront?: Jane Eyre) 【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的,做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套,跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。 B. 译成“挨”字句 “挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者(受事者)不利或不好的句子。 例1:The boy was criticized yesterday. 【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。 例2:I was caught in the downpour. 【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。 C. 译成“给”字句

被动语态的翻译

被动语态翻译 英语中被动语态使用范围很广,凡是在不必或不愿说出或无从说出施动者以及为了便于连贯上下文或者为了强调动作的承受者等场合,往往都用被动语态。英语被动句的翻译主要有以下几种情况: 一、译成汉语主动句。 1.原句中的主语、谓语不变,译文中没有表示被动的标志,如“被、把”字等,形式上是主动句,表达被动意义。例如:Eg. On Practice has been translated into many foreign languages. 《实践论》已译成许多国家的文字。Eg. The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天以内,全国就武装起来了。 2.原句中的主语移到谓语之后,译作宾语。Eg. Another middle school has been set up in our district.我们区又办了一所中学。Eg. 1,200 people had been saved soldiers in the earthquake. 在地震中,战士们已救出1200人。 3.译成带表语的主动句。Eg. The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。Eg. In the old society,women were looked down upon. 在旧社会,妇女们是受歧视的。 4.含主语从句的被动句型译为主动句。以it作形式主语的英语句子,翻译时常要转为主动形式,有时可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我们” 等不确定主语。例如:Eg. It is reported that the enemy has been breeding new strains of killer viruses.据报道敌人正在培育新的杀人病毒。Eg. It is suggested that meeting be put off till next Monday.有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。Eg. It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colours.众所周知,自然光其实是由许多种颜色构成的。 这类句型还有:it is said that... /It is supposed that.../It must be pointed out that.../It is asserted that.../It is generally considered that... 二、译成汉语被动句 为了强调被动动作或突出施动者时,可以将英语被动句译为汉语被动句。 1.汉语句中有“被”、“遭受”等词。Eg. North China was hit by an unexpected heavy rain,which caused severe flooding.华北地区遭受了一场意外的大雨袭击,引起了严重的水灾。Eg. The window pane was broken by the child. 窗上玻璃被这小孩打碎了。 2.译成“为……所”的结构。Eg. Granny Wang was forced by familv circumstances to enter a knitting mill in Shanghai as a child labourer at the age of twelve. 王大妈为家境所迫,十二岁就到上海一家针织厂作童工。Eg. I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我为这些话所深深感动,后来我就把它们写在圣诞卡上了。三、译成“招”、“使”和“由”字句 Eg. The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火使这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁坏。Eg. The plan is going to be examined first by the research group. 计划将先由研究小组加以研究。Eg. By evening the occupation was complete,and the people were chased off the streets by an eight o'clock curfew. 至傍晚,占领已告完成八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街上赶回家。四、译成无主语句 Eg. Some measures must be taken to control the water pollution. 必须采取某些措施来控制水污染。Eg. Methods are found to take these materials out of the rubbish and use them again. 现在已经找到了从垃圾中提取这些材料并加以利用的方法。 综上所述,英语被动句多数情况下译成汉语的主动句,只有在特别强调被动动作或特别突出被动句才译成汉语被动句。我们要选一种既符合汉语习惯,又保持上下文连贯的译法。同时,既要注意语态转换的一般规则,也要注意其例外情况,有的被动语态形式已习语化了,更是不可忽视的。

翻译技巧2

第二节词类转译(Conversion) 在英译汉过程中,有些句子可以逐词对译,有些则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同而无法“一个萝卜一个坑”,原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类,汉语译文才通顺、自然。有4种情况: 一、转译成动词 英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词用得多,可以几个动词或动词性结构连用,而英语句子中往往只有一个谓语动词。如:He admires the President stated decision to fight for the job.谓语动词只有一个admire,其它的是过去分词stated、派生名词decision、不定式to fight和介词for. 汉语没有词形变化,但可以几个动词连用译成。汉语应该是:“他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。” 英语中有不少词类,尤其是名词、介词、形容词、副词,在汉译时常转译成动词 (一)名词转动词 英语中大量由动词派生的名词和具有动作意义的名词往往转译成动词: 1.动词派生的名词转译成动词,在政论文体中使用较多。 1)Abraham Lincoln fought for the abolition of slavery. 林肯为废除奴隶制而奋斗。 2.含有动作意思的名词转译成动词,在记叙文和描述性文体中使用较多。1)He had a plan to study abroad. 他曾打算去国外留学。 3. 英语中有些加后缀的名词,有时并不总是指其身份和职业,而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有对应的名词时,往往译成动词。 1)He is a very good story-teller. 他善于讲故事。 2)He is a lover of Chinese painting.他喜爱中国画。 3)Some of you in your class are good singers.你们班上有些人歌唱得很好。 但如确指职业,不再转译:She’s a well-known singer.她是位著名的歌唱家。 4.作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译成动词。 1)Shall we have a res t? 我们休息一下,好吗? 2)Let me have a try. 我来试一下。 (二) 介词转动词 英语中含有动作意味的介词汉译时可以译成动词。 1)Jiao Yulu worked long hours, on meager food, in cold hut, by dim lamp. 焦裕禄吃着简单的饭食,住在寒冷的草棚,靠着昏暗的灯光,长时间地工作着。 (三)形容词转译成动词 英语中表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词,在联系动词后做表语时,往往转译成动词。诸如,able, afraid, angry , anxious, ashamed, aware, careful, cautious, certain, concerned, confident, delighted, doubtful , ignorant, glad, grateful, sorry, sure ,thankful,… 1) The doctors said that they are not sure they can save his life. 医生们说他们不敢肯定能否挽救他的生命。

翻译技巧2

1.重复法 有时,为了强调或使行文生动, 往往需要对一些关键词加以重复,以便给读者留下深刻的印象。 Gentlemen may cry peace, peace---but there is no peace. 1.1 英译汉 英语和汉语中都有省略现象。英语多按语法形式省略以避免重复,多省略所有格、形容词和介词后面的名词,助动词、不定式后面的动词,系动词后面的表语,主谓一致时的主语或谓语等。译成汉语时,这些省略掉的词语往往要补上,这就构成了汉语的重复。 1.1.1 原文为省略表达 They seek to attract, retain and develop other people to their full abilities. 他们设法吸引大家,留住他们,并使他们充分发挥才能。 Let’s make joint efforts to build a peaceful, beautiful and prosperous new world. 让我们共同努力,建立一个和平的新世界、美丽的新世界和繁荣富强的新世界。 1)重复英语名词 The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients. 医生从我身上得到的实践,会比从1700个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。 I don’t like chocolate icecream, I prefer vanilla. 我不喜欢巧克力冰淇淋,我更喜欢香草冰淇琳。 2)重复英语动词 Our goal is to improve the productivity as well as the income of the farmers. 我们的目的是提高生产力,同时,还要提高农民的收入。 They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 他们想要确定,他是否履行了受雇条件,是否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。 1.1. 2.原文为替代结构 英语中的替代结构主要有代词、替代词so、替代动词do等。英语往往用代词来替代上文刚出现过的名词,而汉语则更习惯于重复名词。英语中的代动词及代动词词组,如do、do so、do it 等,在译成汉语时往往用重复法译成动词。另外,英语中的替代句型,如if so、“so do +主语”等,也常用重复法译成汉语。 1)重复句中被代词替代的名词 Happy families also had their own trouble. 幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。 All bodies consist of molecules and these of atoms. 一切物体都有分子组成,分子又是由原子组成。 He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others. 他讨厌失败,他一生中曾战胜失败、超越失败、并且藐视别人的失败。 If an atom contains three protons, it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral. 如果一个原子含有三个质子,这个原子必然有三个电子,使之不带电荷。 2)重复英语中做先行词的名词 英语中的定语从句常用关系词引导,关系词 有两个语法功能:(1)它代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词(名词或代词);(2)它在从句中担任一个成分。汉语中没有先行词,因此,在英译汉时,往往需要重复这个作先行词的名

被动语态翻译题

被动语态练习题 1.我们希望你尽快完成那项工作。 2我们已在会议上讨论了那个重大的问题。 3.学生们经常在课上做那样的练习题。 4.明年他们将在这条河上建一座新大桥。 5.你的家庭作业做完了吗? 6.这家工厂制作这种自行车。 7.上课之前我们必须交上数学练习本。

8.我们把这个房间当作会议室使用。 9.明天他们会完成植树吗? 10.你可以早一点做完它。 11.我看见她从学校出来了。 12.她给了我一件生日礼物。 13.我们还没有担完水。 14.你能在两小时之内干完活吗? 15.我从没听他说过关于这件事.

16.即使问题的确出现了,也可以轻易地得到改正或解决。 17.在全体工作人员的共同努力下,这项生产计划得以顺利实施。 18.人们重新发现了古代文明。 19.教授们因此得到了报酬。 20.人们预计直到2000年那个国家的失业率都会保持稳定。 21.必须立刻处理他频繁的逃课问题。

22.人脑与电脑的区别可以用一个词形容:复杂性。 23.从那以后人们通常认为它是一把双刃剑,就像人的克隆一样,在增加我们的财富以及给我们带来舒适的同时,其潜在的危险又让人们感到恐慌。 24.人们相信核能是我们这个时代最伟大的革新之一,然而人们又担心它会毁灭世界。 25.一种在世界范围内迅速传播的计算机病毒已

经感染了50000多台电脑。 26.大体上来说,人可以分为三种:一种是劳累至死的,一种是忧心至死的,还有一种无聊至死的。 27.总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定把握的, 然而,必须具备两个条件:能够假定这个孩子与他的竞争能力对手对考试已经有着相同的态度;他也不会因为缺乏对手们已掌握的有关知识而被处罚。

英汉翻译方法1——被动语态译法

被动语态的翻译 教学内容 ?1、英语中常用被动语态的情况 ?Why passive voice is used in English? ?2、汉语中被动意义的表现方式 ?How the sense of “passiveness” is conveyed in Chinese ?3、英语被动语态的翻译 Memo ?Suppose a little boy broke someone’s window. ?1. Your son broke my window. ?2. The window was broken by your son. ?Notes: If the owner of the house wants to complain to the boy’s parent, he would say “1”; ?But if he just talks about the window and does not want to trace the responsibility of the incident he would simply say “2”. ?When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel. ?When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel. ?一、被动语态在英语中的运用 被动语态的广泛使用是英语区别于汉语的一大特点。这一特点在科技英语语体中反映得尤为突出。这不仅是因为被动结构比主动结构更少主观色彩,结构更简单,还因为有不必、不愿或无从说出施动者等情况的存在。 ?1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如: Such books are written for children. We haven’t been told about it. The English evening has been put off till Saturday. ?2、出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。例如: You are requested to give a performance. It is said that you were late for class this morning. Why were your late? ?3、无从说出施动者是谁。例如: You’re wanted on the phone. The problem is being studied. Rice is chiefly grown in the south. ?4、为了便于上下衔接。例如: He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.

翻译的基本技巧--被动语态的翻译

精心整理 翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法 语态转换译法 1顺译法 1.1顺译成被动句 1.2顺译成主动句 2倒译法 2.1把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 2.2把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 2.3倒译成汉语的无主句 3分译法 一、顺译法 既保留原文的主语,又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。 1顺译法(TranslationinOriginalOrder) 1.1顺译成被动句 A.译成“被”字 所谓“被”字句,就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊,或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者(受事者)是不乐意或不情愿

接受的。 例1:VitaminCisdestroyedwhenitisoverheated. 【译文】维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。 例2:Oncetheflowerhasbeenpollinatedandfertilized,theplantprovidesthenewlyformedseedswithar eserveoffoodmaterials,whichwillbeneededwhentheythemselvesgerminate. 【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精,植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏,以备种子未来发芽之需。 例3:Shethoughtallwasfairandlegal,andneverdreamtshewasgoingtobeentrappedintoafeignedunio nwithadefraudedwretched,alreadyboundtoabad,mad,andimbrutedpartner!(CharlotteBront?: JaneEyre) 【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的,做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套,跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。 B.译成“挨”字句 “挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者(受事者)不利或不好的句子。 例1:Theboywascriticizedyesterday. 【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。 例2:Iwascaughtinthedownpour. 【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。 C.译成“给”字句 “给”也是用于翻译该动作对动作接受者(受事者)不愉快或不愿接受的句子。 例1:Ourclothesweresoakedwithsweat.

第三章 翻译的基本技巧2

第三章翻译的基本技巧 Translation Techniques 第二部分 Part Two Procedures of today: * Amplification vs. Omission * Affirmation vs. negation * Repetition * Exercises in class * Assignments of today 增译法 Amplification p.p.41—43 * 英译汉的增词主要是出于汉语表达的需要,用增词法译出原文所省略的词语,增添必要的连接词、量词或复数概念,表现不同的时态或先后顺序,或从修辞连贯等方面考虑,使译文的遣词造句符合汉语的表达习惯。 * 汉译英的增词旨在使译文符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯,常用于代词、冠词、连接词以及介词的增添。 Some more examples: * Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. * 物质可以转化为能量,能量也可以转化为物质。 * Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. * 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训好。 * Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it. * 因为空气具有重量,所以处在空气中的任何物体都会受到空气的作用力。 * The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley. * 群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色长影。 * We won’t retreat; we never have and never will. * 我们不会后退,我们从来没有后退过,我们将来也决不会后退。

被动语态翻译练习

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