新托福写作讲义整理版(庄重)
新东方·北京2008年7月
庄重
整理：Sketch K＆Tina
（思琦＆萌萌）
2008年7月28日
第一讲
一．托福写作的评分系统
官方指南
按分数档次进行微调
评判：一分钟内浏览给分数档次
根据闪点+- 1分
必须给评分者短时间内最好的印象
不能在关键的地方犯恶心的错误
关键：各段首句，文章末句及具有强结论的句子
恶心：主谓不一致
时态问题
名词单复数
印象极为关键：紧扣题目，紧扣要求
二．如何取悦评卷人
1 必须有清晰的整体脉络
2 必须有自然的段间衔接
3 经典的用词用句
经典用词用句的锻造：
用词：动词
核心动词的动词的使用是写作能力的标志
e.g,: eat ---consume
英语写作表达的美在于用不同的单词表达相同的含义
e.g.:show ---display --- demonstrate
近义词的积累
英语中“好”的词有：
Good / ok
Perfect / glorious / terrific / fantastic
Superb
用句：
It 作形式主语或形式宾语
e.g. : It is easy to learn English
there be
倒装、虚拟、强调
名人名言（不要使用c-e）（千万不要乱编）
***said + 直接引用———不用
***believed + 自由表述-----用
可用人物: Kant& Nietzsche 只用于道德和爱心之类的话题三．文化差异对应试写作产生的影响
1 必须有清晰的结构
观点鲜明的开头
紧扣主题的结尾
由主题句引导的衔接自然的中间段落
引导：主题句一定要在该段首句
2 必须要有统一的中心
3 自然的衔接（衔接为其生命）
中文：意合语言
英文：形合语言
逻辑关系的显性化
逻辑关键词
衔接方法：1 重复词：概括重复直接重复和齐头重复
2 序数词：first…second…
3 关联词：并列and 转折but
让步although 递进in addition
因果because
e.g. Because of having rain ,he developed a high fever , and thus has to
sleep at home .his absence resulted in the reduction of his pay.
4 转折和让步之间的差别
让步好于转折democracy 民主
e.g. they are poor
---they suffer from poverty
They are hungry
---they struggle against starvation
------they suffer form poverty ,struggling against starvation
左手：遣词造句的上升
右手：思维方式的改变
e.g: 我们不会把所有秘密告诉其他人
we don’t tell others all the secrets
we don’t let others know all the secrets
we hide some secrets from others
everyone has privacy
四．平时训练写作的方法
境界：手中有文章心中有文章出口成章
手中无文章心中有文章
手中无文章心中无文章妙笔生花
《新东方英语中学版》
1 阅读I will think about it 没戏
She mothers me 她像母亲一样关心我
My sands sneak swiftly 时光飞逝（借喻、拟人、押头韵）
2 背诵背单词---坚持
背文章---新概念三、四册TOEFL100句
3 看电影阿甘正传20遍
狮子王20遍
Friends 10季2遍
4 观察生活
Love is playing every game as if it were the last one
To the world ,maybe you are just one person ,but to someone who loves you,you are the world.
第二讲：
官指P217-P221
四类题型：
1 agree & disagree (观点类)
2 A or B (观点类)
3 compare and contrast 社会现象阐释类
4 persuasive essay 社会现象阐释类
观点类文章：
There is no consensus among people as to …such an argument : (main idea)
Some people 认为
认为：
Think / believe / consider / argue
Hold / claim / emphasize /maintian
I believe
Some people maintian …while others may not agree
“我个人认为‖
From my personal angle alone
Agree with 客观同意side with 主观偏袒
The former / latter point coincides with mine
For one thing …/for another …/what is more …
On one hand …/on one other hand…/moreover …
Therefore ,I can take it for granted that…
Take sth for granted…―不言而喻‖
总结：
From what has been discussed above we may resonably draw a conclusion that …(原因)
喊口号：（结句）
1 倒装句only …can we…
e.g. only in this way can we have a bringht future
2 虚拟语气It is high time that + 一般过去“真是到了。。的时候了”
3 名人名言As an old saying goes….
另一种开头：
For most of the time ,we are always on the arduous journey in seeking ,for the
answer of this question .My answer is yes/ no ,simple yet candid.
另一种结尾：
环境类：
The environment should be of the people ,by the people and for the people.
环境应该是民治、民有、民享的
父母和子女的关系：
Love your parents in time ,for we can never reply from paradise
There is a fault called miss.
阐释类文章：
1 提纲比较随意
2 与前一种文体之间有千丝万缕的联系
举/ 说/ 谈/ 论/ 提
举例子/说原因/ 谈感受/ 论影响/ 提建议
举例子：
1 注意举例子词
单举：for instance
For example
A case in point
选举：for example … and …also …even…
2 注意逻辑关系词：举例要有顺序
说原因：
A number of factors contribute /give rise to such a phenomenon .
For one thing …/ for another .. / what is more ..
Therefore ,all these reasons lead to the phenomenon .
论影响：
The influence of … has become more obvious at the moment .
提建议：
There is no immediate solution to such a problem ,but the following suggestion might be helpful.
阐释类文章的万能开头：
Because the rapid development of modern society … has been brought into focus recently. 记叙性段落写作“
记叙事件：
1 必须有深刻的中心内涵
春游
登山
Teamwork : together everyone
Achieve more
Conquer
2 副词的恰当使用
Unfortunately
Leisurely : 怡然自得
Suddenly
3 必须要有6大要素时间、地点，人物、事件起因、经过、结果
4 时态问题：
一般采用一般过去式，若有插叙采用过去完成时
5 把握详略
与中心主题相关则详写，否则略写
“曾几何时”：there was a time when we know nothing about the world
“现在某时”：there is a time when
“有时候、有时候、我会相信一切有尽头”：
There are times when I can take it for granted that everything will come to the end
“往事如烟”：the past has turn into ash
―尘归尘，土归土‖ : Dust to dust , ash to ash
记叙事物：
1 抓住事物的本质
Air conditioner /love /roommate
you go your way ,and I go mine
2 抓住描写的顺序
Friendship is a relationship which involves sincerity mutual trust and self-sacrifice 顺序：时间、空间、逻辑
记叙人物：
1 抓住选材，即选材一定要好
103题/staring from failure
人物：爱迪生勾践
2 要能引起共鸣
3 要能说明问题
PS : why me ,why choose
阐述自己对生命的态度
第三讲
1 定语从句与同位语从句的差别
定语从句对名词起修饰作用
同位语从句对名词起解释说明的作用
定语从句去掉引导词必缺少一部分
同位语是完整的部分
易出现同位语的词：
Report ,idea , new , belief , fact , dream 即抽象名词易出现同位语重组句子：
1 主句：they were not taken seriously
2 reports came into London zoo
3 a wild tiger had been spotted forty-five miles south of London
每天寻找三个长难句拆开，七天后组合（新概念三册、新TOFEL真题阅读）
2 句子的拆分联系
3 feel obliged to 感到不得不做sth
用have to 标志----最熟悉的陌生人（用熟悉的英文标注生词）
4 “，for ”的使用方法：表达因果关系最经典的方法
5 分词做后置定语：把定语从句变为现在分词作后置定语
主动---现在分时，被动---过去分时
Prove 代替am ,is ,are
A trail of 一串串 a trail of beautiful story
6 情诗：（五种让步）
无论你去哪里whenever you go
无论你做什么whatever you do
无论你爱的是谁whoever you love
无论你何时归来whenever you come back
无论那时你多老多丑however old and ugly you are
我都会在此等待I will be right here waiting for you
7 a number of = many =a lot of
Sb be fully convinced that = be sure
e.g : 记者们听说孙燕姿要去北京
Journalists hear that sun will come to BJ
They set out to obtain the new
保留作者意图的句子作为主句
Hearing that sun will come to BJ, journaliists set out to obtain the news
Hearing the news that sun will come to BJ ,journalists set out to obtain it .（同位语）更深层次的应对方法：
我的boss 要求我去会客户，我立刻去做
1 My boss asked me to visit a customer . I immediately left my office to do that.
2 My boss instructed me to visit a customer . I immediately set out to do that .
3 Instructed to visit a customer ,I immediately set out to do that .
The editor was getting impatient
lost his patience
was running out of his patience
could not wait a second
Fail to:
英文中的否定很少.用not ，一般采用
1 no + 名词
2 nothing
3 fail to
女人常常被美丽的衣服所吸引
e.g.: women are usually attracted by beautiful clothes
Beautiful clothes always catch women’s eyes
Beautiful clothes fascinate women
Beautiful clothes never fail to fascinate women
Sth never fail to fascinate human beings可作为开头
Affectionate 柔情似水
Passionate 激情的
Reasonable 理性的
我们对猫的生活不是很了解
e.g. :To cat’s life ,we have nothing
we don’t know much about a cat’s life
we know little about a cat’s life
Little do we know about a cat
A cat’s life to us is a mystery
Learn to = get used to 习惯于
We have learned to …
Remain suspicious of…对…保持怀疑
Never remain suspicious of …坚信
Some people never remain suspicious of the point that there is true love in the world（同位）One of the things that fascinate us most about cats is the popular belief that they have nine lives that1 为定语从句that2 为同位语
网络是很重要的
People never remain suspicious of that point that the internet never fail to be important
Internet , a way of communication , play an important role in society
People without internet are like flowers without sunshine.
第四讲
1 形式主语& 形式宾语
2 方法：
虚拟语气
If I am you ,I will stay here
If I was you ,I would stay here
If I were you , I would stay here
If I could have a dinner with him I would
If you told me earlier ,I would not do that
If you had told we earlier ,I would not have done that
虚拟语气的词汇：
Wish
e.g. Mr zhuang wishes his GF were beauty
gonna = going to wanna = want to
a glass of water
互文现象
The days would all be empty . The nights would seem so long .
―白天晚上都那么无聊空虚‖
The sky is blue and my heart is clam.
―天空与我的心一样湛蓝而宁静‖
I have a dream that one day + 从句我有这样的梦想有朝一日
情态动词
Must –may—might might 最好
I might have been in love before but it never felt this strong
―此情可待成追忆，只是当时已惘然‖
Hold me now , touch me now
Touch 的用法
We should read this book and never touch bad book.
比较级的用法
1 否定+ 比较级= 最高级
No one is more beautiful than you .
2 It is more than I could afford
3 I love you more than I can say
万能句式
**will lead a way for us like a guiding star
带着职业的敏感去观察生活
被动句：
1 喧宾夺主
2 分be 得
分---寻找谓语动词的过去分词
Be –所有时态的变化均体现在be 动词上
得--- 得到被动句
经典：
Love for the sake of being loved is human . Love for the sake of loving is angelic .
―因为被爱而去爱是人性的彰显，因为爱所以爱是神性的光辉‖
倒装句：
1 强调
2 承上启下
3 制造悬念
e.g : 任何广告都不使我们感到惊讶
The advertisement can not surprise us any more
Rarely can the advertisement surprise us any more
e.g. A small city does not fascinate people as much as a big city ---hardly
e.g:A new factory would contaminate our community
Seldom can a new factory be established without contaminating our community .
e.g. We sat on the cliffs by the sea ,watching the sunset.
On the cliffs by the sea we sat , watching the sunset .
I came to Beijing for the simple reason that I love you
Such is human nature ,that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the…of becoming…
Such is love ,that falling in love proves easy but remain in it proves difficult
这就是爱相爱容易相处难。
故意省略句：
Venus’ wife has never discovered that she married a dustman and she never will ( discovered that she married a dustman)
将来进行时表示一定会发生：
Am I a dish ?
Not only …,but … as well
Not only the web change the lives habit but improve the efficiency of government.
―网络不仅改变生活习惯也提高了政府的工作效率‖
Internet has not only changed our living habit ,but enhanced the efficiency of the government as well
Not only has internet changed our living habit ,but enhanced the efficiency of the government as well
Be always doing sth
当always / usually 表示频度的副词与现在进行时连用时均表示作者对动作发出者反复进行的某一动作所带来的强烈的谴责或赞扬的感情
Girl are always going shopping for one cause or another ,but they have never managed to get right one
第五讲
句子的扩写：（核心为名词）
Internet is important .
途径：定语从句
同位语从句
前两者的结合
同：Internet ,the powerful means of communication ,is important
同、定：Internet , a tool which offers us plenty of information ,is important
句子的改写：
Internet is important
单词升级：
Important --- vital ,crucial ,indispensable ,significant ,essential
短语升级：
Be + adj. == be of n.
Be of importance
Play an important role in
句式：
形式主语
万能--- It is universally acknowledged that Internet is vital to us
倒装
Seldom can we ignore the value of internet
强调句
It is internet that make the world go around
否定词：
Nothing is more important than Internet
Nothing can be compared with the importance of internet
总结：
文章主题分类（OG185）：
一、人类需要具备哪些素质：15、18、22、42、46、62、79、93、103、121、166、179
二、电视与电影（雅思）：7、8、35、57、127、150、180、183
*三、城乡之间：9、20、24
四、在你家附近建东西：5、16、25、26、30、113
五、给你资源：6、11、19、32、33、52、95、141、142、147、149、165、177、185
六、科技（网络）：36、37、49、39、70、73、81、83、84、87、88、100、101、104、140、
157、159、167、178
七、环境（土地）：29、41、56、152、181
八、旅行：12、65、74、85、86、106、146、156、171
*九、风险与创新：43、50、51、69、118、122、132
十、父母与子女的关系：2、60、61、66、114、126、174
*十一、教育问题：1、14、23、68、72、75、76、77、97、102、107、112、116、124、125、113、134、135、137、168、172、175
十二、人物（不重要）：79、89、90、91、158、162、176
十三、文化习俗：80、98、109
十四、健康问题：128、130、154、164
十五、成功：10、27、40、45、53、59、131、148、71
十六、公司：34、47、48、56、64、67
十七、经验：4、38、63、108
十八、个人空间：17、28、44、78、110、111、135、184
亮点增加：
e.g. ：高等教育应该给优秀的学生还是所有学生
People take it for granted that men are created equal 人类生来平等，这是不言而喻的
电影总是吸引别人never fail to
Such is :
生活的成功来自冒险，机遇还是机密的计划
Such is life that miracle happens everywhere
Life was like a box of chocolate and you never know what
I laugh in the face of danger
标志：
The invention of internet will always be remember by people , for it mark the beginning of information era.
有时候：there was time when …
There was time when the moon proved to be a mystery to us.
意味着：equal
I have a dream that we can live in an equal society free from …
认为：equal
It is universally acknowledged that fortune equal happiness.
…and…equal a happy life
句子的开头方式
1 引用名人名言谚语
2 具体事例
*3 排比反问句式
4 背景介绍
排比、反问（模版）
Have you ever done …
Have you ever done …
Have you ever done …
If you have never had such experiences , you would never how much …
Let life be beautiful like summer flowers and death like autumn leaves
―生如夏花之绚烂，死如秋叶之静美‖
背景介绍（模版）：
Thanks to fast development of computer technology , books ,as traditional medium ,are more and more challenged . Many libraries are faced with a dilemma ,whether they should invest on computers or books. With every aspect taken into consideration I am fully convinced that to invest on computers would be better choice.
I hope = I imagine paradise to be a place where …
However = the other side of the picture is quite the opposite
I feel as if I were waiting for the last bus which never would come …“失望”
Though it may be possible to measure the value of technology in term of…,it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of .
Paradox ―悖论‖
Learning the importance of the hard working most of students have already set there own goal.
先从汉语上把主语变成一致在判断主语，再用伴随状语
说原因为TOEFL的主体
For one thing ,it is no exaggerating to say that life full of material has destroyed the people’s goal life
For another ,there might be sth wrong with our education.
Student have no chance to /fail to think about the purpose of their student , for teachers often teach them not only but how they should.(study)
总结段：
From my personal angle alone we should / It is better for us to refine our educational system . We should realize the real purpose of study , for paradise is just a place where everyone can have a great aspiration and achieve it by there efforts.
(aspiration远大理想)
Integrated writing task
游戏哲学：
阅读--- 听力--- 写作
2.30s 读文章
30 s 黄金三十秒
听力一定来来源于阅读要么坚持，要么反对通常为反对写作：客观与真实记录听力与阅读的观点矛盾之处
30s ：冷静的推断听力的内容观点
考察：阅读能力
听力能力
笔记能力
将笔记转化为论文的能力
一、评分标准
1 选择能力select the important information
2 联系能力relate this information
3 Don’t give you own option
4 if all you do is copy words in reading ---- you will receive 0
二、阅读&笔记
Main idea
Example /reason :
Example / reason:
Example / reason:
找论点：
1 文章首句通常是话题或论点
2 若文章首句是背景介绍或其后出现转折则转向首段末句
3 若首句为疑问句，请关注其后面的是非判断
4 若段落中出现人名及理论则该理论为观点的重要理论
5 若段落中出现例子则其前后论点句和总结句也是重点
关键句：
1 特殊印刷体或特殊标点符号（引号和括号）
2 表明顺序的连词：first second, what is more ….
3 表示因果关系的固定搭配：according to + 作者观点
4 表明转折的连词：but ,however , yet
三、听力& Noting
Main idea
Point 1 :
Detail 1
Point 2
Detail 2
Point 3
Detail 3
听力过程中一些值得注意的语言
判断：is
…is defined as ..
The key feature of …is …
The main role of …is…
One function of …is …
Another example is …
The main reason for this is …
A relate concept is ..
因果：
… is interesting because…
This is primary because …
First …second…third …most importantly
分类和分组思想的句子：
There are there types / kinds / groups / classes of
客观准确：听力中最值得注意的是那些能听懂的东西—已知推测未知的能力—逻辑
四、结构（180字）
1 每个自然段只传达一个论点
2 段落首句必为段落主题句
第一段：
句1 ：总结听力的论点或话题
句2 ：总结阅读的论点
句3 ：总结两者冲突
第二、三、四段：
句1 ：听力的分论点
句2 ：听力的detail
句3 ：阅读的分论点
句4 ：两者的冲突
（第五段总结）
模版：
段一：In the lecture ,the professor argues that (the main idea of lecture) . However ,the reading passage contends that (the main idea of reading ) The lecture casts doubt on what the passage indicate
段二：The first point that the lecture uses to cast doubt on the reading is (point I from the lecture) . Accord to the listening passage (detail of point I form the lecture).It differs from the reading in that the passage states (point I of the reading) .This directly contradicts what the passage indicates.
段三：Another point that the lecture uses to cast doubt on the reading is (point II from the lecture). The lecture claim that ,( detail of point II from the lecture) . However ,the reading state(point II of the reading )This is another part where listening contradicts the reading.
段四：……
段五：In conclusion ,the points in the lecture contrast with the reading .It demonstrates the theory of the reading is in doubt.
常用的语言&词汇：
1 转述中的职称：
The writer / the author / the reading passage
The speaker / the lecturer / the listening passage / the lecture / the professor 2 认为和指出的说法
The reading discuss / introduce / argue / conclude / suggest / propose / appeal The speaker : ( 听力)
1 point out / say /tell
2 disagree / disapprove /refute /rebuild /reject / object to / oppose
3 doubt / question / challenge / cast doubt on
4 cite / mention / quote / refer to
5 suggest /imply / put forward
6 explain / exemplify / show / illustrate / cast light on
比较和对比的句型：
The lecture completely refuses the passage
Contrary to the belief in the reading passage that …
The lecture says that …
The author of passage points out that …,while the lecture notes that…
第八讲：
The picture vividly depicts a little bird shedding tears for her lose paradise
Of 的功能：
1 隶属关系
2 动宾关系
3 表示限定范围
提高写作方法（瞬间）：
九阴白骨爪
第一式：不做模拟题只做真题3遍
1遍选取五套真题一天做一套，一天回味
注：要写作文
要正确面对错误
回味：用双倍的时间回味--- 境界：达到能给别人讲ask youself why 2遍考试前一个月重做–自信、规律
3遍考前头一天，找一个自己做过最好的真题
第二式：提示
1 听力（语气和语调）
任何考试的技巧：将自己的能力远远凌驾于考试之上
2 阅读：不要浪费时间
3 口语&写作：不是创造而是组合
第三式：细节决定成败
1 吃早餐：吃可数/吃干净
2 chocolate ：power & press ( 作文前吃&leisurely)
3 水
新托福写作讲义09
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开头类型1举例：图书馆还是体育设施 图书馆的资源是大学生获取知识、培养自学能力最主要的方式之一。而体育设施能够使大学生强身健体、舒缓压力、娱乐身心。我不否认体育锻炼对于学生成长的重要影响。但作为大学投资的决定，学校应该把更多的钱投资于图书馆而不是体育设施。 开头类型1举例：事实还是概念 事实是发生在我们周围事情，往往形象生动并且容易让人理解，而概念是事实的总结和抽象，能够概括一系列符合规律的事实。因此据我来看，在学习的过程中间，概念和事实的学习对于学生来说有着不同的作用。 开头类型2：特训236 同意不同意在社区周围建立一家折扣店 折扣店的出现成为我们社区关注的焦点。当一家企业决定在购物区开折扣店时，一些人游行表示反对，而另一些人觉得在这种商店购物很方便。我喜欢附近有一所大型折扣店，但我也能理解在同一条街开小商店的朋友为什么不喜欢这种竞争对手。换句话说，我支持新商店，因为它位置便利、价格低廉。 提炼类型2：关键词背景+论题重复+表明观点 开头类型2举例：经济发展和环境保护 经济发展和环境保护逐渐成为全球政府共同关注的两大议题。政府在制定国家发展策略的时候，一些人主张优先发展经济，而另一些人认为人们的首要任务是保护环境。
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托福作文笔记整理1
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何凯文写作强化班整理笔记
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口语强化班讲义
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托福综合写作模板：写作经典句式 Both the lecture and the reading discussed …. However, their viewpoints are strongly contradictory for several reasons. First, the reading points out that …, but the lecturer supposes that …. And he also argues that …, thus… Moreover, the author holds that ... The lecturer, however, believes that…. Since it is …, …. Besides, the professor also refutes the idea that ... from the passage. He provides us with the instance/reason that.... In sum, according to the discussion above, the speaker totally disagrees with the conclusions revealed in the reading passage. Frequently Used Sentences 1 We are so development-oriented that we almost can sacrifice moral values for the purpose of obtaining a little material gain. 2 It is often reported in our daily newspapers that university undergraduates commit crimes, XXX from XXX University, is a case in point. 3 According to the latest paper published by the Chinese Academy of Social Science, the number of smoking people is increasing at an accelerating speed (alarming rate), especially in China.
新整理托福独立写作技巧分享
托福独立写作技巧分享 摘要：小马托福考试：托福独立写作技巧分享！托福考试是众多学子出国留学的最佳途径，如何快速提高托福成绩？想了解最新的托福动态与托福资讯，请关注小马过河托福频道！关于托福学习的具体事宜咨询可拨打小马过河免费咨询电话：400-0123-267 分类举例法 托福写作考查的题材大致有15类，具体包括教育(education)、科学技术(technology)、媒体(media)、成功(success)、工作(ent)、友谊(friendship)、代沟(generation gap)、交通(transportation)、环境(environment)、金钱(money)、休闲活动(leisure)、家庭(family)、动物(animals)以及食品 (food)。 下面我们以教育题材中出现过的题目“学生是否应该上历史课”为例，说一说分类举例的运用。之所以选择这道题，是因为笔者认为在托福写作的教育类话题中，这个题目比较难写，很多考生遇到这道题都会陷入无话可说的境地。在这种情况下，笔者建议考生利用分类举例法来展开写作，进行例证。在具体写作时，考生按照以下三个步骤进行：①选择自己的立场，这里我们以“支持学习历史”为例;②把话题的关键词“历史”这个词具体化，比如，考生可以谈论学习文化史、美术史、文学史等不同学
科历史时分别有哪些收获;或者谈论在学习殖民地历史、南北战争历史、二战历史等不同时期的历史时分别有哪些收获;还可以选择诸如西进运动、马拉松战役等著名历史事件来展开论证;③在结尾再次呼应主题，重申自己的立场，即应该学习历史。下面请看一篇考生的习作： I believe that students are supposed to take history classes. For one thing, by learning the American colonial history, they gradually understand hoents in Plymouth and Massachusetts. For another thing, through studying the historical facts about the American Civil ent and sa and liberty. Similarly, the Second hoerica recovered from the raid on the Pearl Harbor and ho up, it is important for students to learn history because by learning history, they can knoes into being, but also hoes a democratic country and most important of all, ho hardship and then marches toilarly等，使得文章结构比较清晰;④没有语法和单词拼写错误。从这篇习作中我们可以看出，分类举例和将关键名词“具体化”对考生打开写作思路非常有帮助。 什么叫例子 什么是例子?你也许会说：“这个问题还用回答吗?不就是我们生活中的经历吗?”然而，当你真的拿起笔，打算从个人的生活经历入手写一篇托福作文的时候，却常常发现无法在短
托福基础写作讲义
托福基础写作 一、托福写作概述 二、英汉两种语言的区别 （一）、美国人与中国人思维方式的不同。 linear way of thinking （二）、英汉句子结构的特点。英语重形和，重结构，汉语重意和, 重语义。英语中常用复合句；汉语则常用短句，简单句。 10 Linking words cohesion 1. conj.: 1) and. but, or, so, while 2) if, because, although, That, who, which, what, as---as more than, so--- that 2. in this reason, in conclusion, for example 3. however, unfortunately, Undeniably 4. to make things worse 5. generally speaking 6. 同义词 7. repetition 8. this, it, that, those 9. interesting to see 10. what is more （三）英语多变化variety(diversity)，汉语多重复。 （四）英语被动句多。汉语中主动句多。 三、中国学生写作最易犯的十大错误 1. Nowadays, college student should learn competition and cooperation. 2. The problem that is created by computers attract (draw, spark, captivate, intrigue, arouse, yield, give rise to) much attention. 3. In present-day society, there are a great many young people go abroad. 4. In my opinion, I think that smoking should be banned in public places. 5. The computer can not instead the pivotal role played by teachers in education. 6. Some people welcome raising pets, others hold different opinions.
托福独立写作满分模板
Independent Writing I.A or B 开头 An increasing number of people begin to realize/complain/question that... OR:The majority of people tend to have a favorable/an unfavorable attitude towards something OR:XXX has now caused wide public concern OR:When it comes to...people often consider... The thing is,which XXX,A or B,(is a more efficient mean of learning/what do we mean by)? People may give various answers to this question. OR：Ask people…and they may give a diverse of answers based on their individual value systems Some believe that…while others/some claim… On balance,my favor goes to A. 正文 To begin with,I concede that B serves as an independent factor in(a successful education)/is of great value/B is superior to A since After all, However compelling these cases may sound,B is not without its problems. OR:However compelling these cases may sound,they cannot overshadow the significant role that A plays in XX. For example, In this sense, Therefore,too much emphasis on B is actually dangerous/harmful and may go contrary to our primary purpose of On the other hand,A can address/respond to some people’s needs that B cannot For one thing, For another, 结尾 In the final analysis,it is true that both A and B are part and parcel of X.However,considering the potential problems resulted from B and the great benefits of A,I believe it is sensible to(choose A) II.Agree or Disagree 开头 An increasing number of people begin to realize/complain/question that... OR:The majority of people tend to have a favorable/an unfavorable attitude with something 托福专业1对1在线培训机构【TPO小站】【保100分】