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大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)第8讲

大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)第8讲
大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)第8讲

第八讲翻译理论学习:1949年到文革前的翻译

一、概述

两个重要阶段

1. 建国初到“文革”前的17年,

2. 70年代末至今

二、两次翻译工作会议

1951年“第一届翻译工作会议”

1954年“全国文学翻译工作会议”,

三、17年翻译的大致情况

1. 50年代初,俄苏文学作品和文学理论,东欧民主国家的文学作品。

2. 50年代中后期,欧美国家的文学,

3. 50年代末至60年代初,亚非拉文学的译介受到重视,对欧美和苏联文学由正面译介转为批判性译介。

四、17年间重要翻译家和理论家

张谷若,

哈代的作品,

翻译的特点是“地道”“四字格”,“注释”

张友松:马克·吐温的作品

王科一:《傲慢与偏见》、

杨必:《名利场》

杨苡:《呼啸山庄》

叶君健:安徒生童话

杨绛:《堂吉诃德》

傅雷:

法国文学翻译大师

“重神似不重形似”《高老头》

周作人:“音译名从主人”

钱钟书。“化境”

翻译技巧学习:

句子的翻译(一):句子翻译概述

一、词序调整

(1)Even the wild animals of his homeland, it seemed to Kunta, had more dignity than these creatures. (Alex Haley, Roots)

昆塔觉得,即使他家乡的野兽也比这群人自尊自重。(插入语换序)

(2)In this way an earlier and perhaps even greater crop might be obtained.

用这种方法,庄稼可以早一点收获,收成或许更好些。(定语换序)

(3)From the moment they set foot on the territory of their motherland, they were warmly received by their compatriots.

他们从走上祖国土地的时刻起,就受到同胞们热情接待。(定语从句换序)

(4)Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.

他们乐观、能干、热情,总是想方设法使你一路上顺利舒适。(状语移位,并转变为谓语)

(5)Don’t hesitate t o come when you need help.

你什么时候需要帮助,只管来找我。(状语从句换序)

二、分译

1.把英语中的一个单词或短语译成汉语句子

(1)The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.

中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪,这是合乎情理的。(分译副词

状语)

(2)I tried vainly to put the pieces together. (Helen Keller, The Story of My Life)

我想把这些碎片拼在一起,可是拼不起来。(分译状语)

(3)The computer can give Mary the right lesson for her: neither too fast nor too slow.

计算机能给玛丽上课,上得恰到好处,既不太快也不太慢。(分译定语)(4)The region was the most identifiable trouble spot.

那个地区是个麻烦的地方,这是大家最容易看得出来的。(分译形容词定语)(5)He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.

他摇了摇头,两眼睁得圆圆的,接着又眯成一条线,脸上露出了愤怒的神色。

(分译介词词组)

(6)The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered for she went down

on her first voyage with loss of life.

人们永远不会忘记这艘大型客轮沉没时的悲惨情形,因为她是第一次出航时沉

没的,而且有很多人丧生。(分译介词词组)

(7)Throughout his life, Benjamin Franklin continued his education, learning from human contacts as well as from books.

富兰克林的整个一生都在受教育,他不仅从书本中学习,而且也从与人的交往

中学习。(分译分词短语)

(8)One consequence of speculation about the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in general.

观察结果表明,计算机可能有思想,这使我们不得不从新的角度全面审视思想

这一概念。(分译名词词组)。

2.把一个英语句子拆成多个汉语句子

(1)That question is too hard for me to answer.

那个问题太难了,我回答不了。(分译动词不定式)

(2)He is too ill to have been anywhere but in bed.

他病得太厉害,哪也去不了,只能呆在床上。(分译动词不定式和介词短语)(3)Spring has so much more than speech in its unfolding flowers and leaves, and the coursing of its streams, and in its sweet restless seeking! (John Galsworthy, The

Apple Tree)

春花怒放,春水奔流,无限春光,争芳斗艳,语言已不足以尽述其妙!(分译

介词短语)。

(4)Clapp, with the best of characters and handwritings, had been able very soon after his master’s disaster to find other employment for himself. (W. M. Thackeray,

Vanity Fair)

克拉浦品行端正,又写得一笔好字,因此主人坏了事之后不久就找到了别的工

作。(分译介词短语)

三、合译

1.把两个或两个以上的简单句译成一个汉语单句或复句

(1)The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen.

这个年轻人很惨,已落到了身无分文的地步,因为他所有的积蓄都被窃。

(2)Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake his will to go to the front.

夜幕降落时,一声爆炸震动了大地,可并没有动摇他上前线的决心。

(3)That day, the President had an interview with her father. Her father was going to the moon by space shuttle.

那天,总统会见了她的父亲,因为她的父亲即将乘航天飞机去登月。

(4)She is very busy at home. She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work.

她在家很忙,又要看好孩子,又要下厨。

(5)His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north of Italy near the sea.

他的父亲在意大利北部临海的比萨城开个小店。

2.把英语中的复合句译成一个汉语单句

(1)If we do a thing, we should do it well.

我们要干就要干好。

(2)She waited, but in vain.

她白等了。

(3)The time was 10:30, and traffic on the street was light.

10点30分的时候,街上来往的车辆稀少了。

(4)Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a visitor.

美国人有许多风俗习惯在陌生人来看是颇为费解的。

(5)Parents love their children and the love is perfect.

父母对子女的爱是无微不至的。

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UNIT1 Oxford University牛津大学 Oxford University is the oldest university in Britain and one of the world's most famous institutions of higher learning. Oxford University was established during the 1100's. It is located in Oxford, England, about 80 kilometers northwest of London. 牛津大学是英国最古老的大学,也是世界最著名的高等学府。牛津大学始建于12世纪。它位于英格兰的牛津,在伦敦西北约80公里处。 The university has over 16,300 students (1999-2000), almost a quarter of these students are from overseas and more than 130 nationalities are represented. It consists of 35 colleges, plus five private halls established by various religious groups. Three of the five private halls are for men only. Of the colleges, St. Hilda's and Somerville are for women, and the rest are for men and women. 牛津大学有16,300多名学生(1999-2000),其中留学生占将近四分之一。他们来自130多个国家。牛津大学有35个学院,还有5个由不同宗教团体建立的私人学院。5个私人学院中,有3个只招男生。学院中,圣希尔达和萨默维尔学院只收女生,其他均为男女兼收。At Oxford, each college is a corporate body distinct from the university and is governed by its own head and fellows. Most fellows are college instructors called tutors, and the rest are university professors and lecturers. Each college manages its own buildings and property, elects its own fellows, and selects and admits its own undergraduate students. The university provides some libraries, laboratories, and other facilities, but the colleges take primary responsibility for the teaching and well-being of their students. 牛津的每个学院都是独立于大学的实体,由该学院的院长和管委会成员负责管理。部分管委会成员都称为导师的学院教师,其余的是大学教授和讲师。每个学院管理自己的房产和资产,遴选自己的管委会,选择和招收自己的本科生。大学提供某些图书馆、实验室和其他设施,但教学和学生生活主要由各学院负责。 Each student at Oxford is assigned to a tutor, who supervises the student's program of study, primarily through tutorials. Tutorials are weekly meetings of one or two students with their tutor. Students may see other tutors for specialized instruction. They may also attend lectures given by university teachers. Students choose which lectures to attend on the basis of their own special interests and on the advice of their tutors. 牛津大学给每个学生指定一个导师,他主要通过辅导课监督学生的学习。导师每周和1到2名学生见面一次,学生如需专业指导,还可以去约见其他的导师,也可选听大学老师讲授的课程。学生选听什么课程是根据自己的兴趣和导师的建议而定的。 The university, not the individual colleges, grants degrees. The first degree in the arts or sciences is the Bachelor of Arts with honors. Oxford also grants higher degrees, diplomas, and certificates in a wide variety of subjects. 学位由大学授予,而不是各个学院。最低文科或理科学位是优等文学学士。牛津还在其他众多学科领域授予最高的学位,颁发文凭和证书。 The Rhodes scholarship program enables students from the United States, Canada, and many other nations to study at Oxford for a minimum of two years. The British government grants Marshall scholarships to citizens of the United States for study at Oxford and other universities that are located in Britain.

大学英语翻译答案

Unit1 1. 背离传统需要极大的勇气。(departure, enormous) {It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.} 2. 汤姆过去很腼腆,但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。(performance, bold) {Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.} 3. 很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。 (creative, desirable) {Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.} 4. 假设(assume)那幅画确实是名作(masterpiece),你觉得值得购买吗?(worthwhile) {Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it's worthwhile to buy / purchase it?} 5. 如果这些数据统计上是站得住脚的,那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。(throw light on , investigate, valid) {If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.} Unit2 1) 该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。(deny, commercial) {The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.} 2) 每当他生气的时候,他说话就有一点结巴。(stammer) {Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.} 3) 教育是我们家庭最看重的传统,这就是为什么我父母从不带我到昂贵的饭店吃饭,却送我到最好的私立学校上学。(cherish) {Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.} 4) 手术康复后不久,他失业了,因此经历了人生的又一个困难阶段。(shortly after, go through) {Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.} 5) 与我们的富裕邻居相比,我们的父母就相当穷了,但是他们总是努力满足我们最起码的需求。(affluent, minimal) {In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs.} Unit3 1) 科学家们找到火星上有水的证据了吗?(proof) {Have scientists found proof of water on Mars?} 2) 计划委员会已经将建核电厂的可能地点缩小到了两个沿海城镇。(location, narrow down) {The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear power plant to two coastal towns.} 3) 任何一个有尊严的人都不会一辈子依靠社会救济过活。(welfare)

(完整版)大学英语翻译答案-1

大学英语(B)1翻译练习参考译文 1、元宵节是春节后的第一个重要节日。元宵节的习俗在全国各地不尽相同,其 中赏花灯(lanterns exhibits)、猜灯谜、吃元宵等是几项最常见的民间习俗。据说, 吃元宵的习俗起源于汉代,唐宋时期开始盛行。如今,元宵已成为人们的日常饮 食之一,在超市一年四季都可以买到。 The Yuanxiao Festival is the first important festival after the Spring Festival. Although customs of the festival vary from region to region, the most common ones include appreciating lantern exhibits, trying to solve riddles written on lanterns, and eating yuanxiao. It is said that the custom of eating yuanxiao originated from the Han Dynasty and became popular during the Tang and Song periods. Nowadays, yuanxiao has become a food in people’s daily life, which is available in supermarkets a ll the year round. 8、如今,越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好的工作。造成这一现象的原因如下: 首先,大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科的学习上,只有当他们开始 找工作的时候,才意识到自己缺乏必要的专业培训。其次,大学生之间的竞争也 越来越激烈,这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。 Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons f or this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. 7、杭州是中国著名的六大古都之一,已有两千多年的历史。这个城市不仅以自 然美闻名于世,而且有着传统的文化魅力。不仅有历代文人墨客(men of letters) 的题咏,而且有美味佳肴和漂亮的工艺品。一般来说,游览杭州西湖及其周边景 点花上两天较为合适。到杭州旅游,既令人愉快,又能得到文化享受。 Hangzhou, one of China’s six ancient capital cities, has a history of more than 2,000 years. It is famous not only for its natural beauty but also for its charm of cultural traditions. Besides many poems and inscriptions by men of letters through the dynasties, it also boasts local delicacies and pretty handicrafts. Generally speaking, a two-day tour of West Lake and scenic spots around it is advisable for a tourist. As a tourist, you will find it a pleasant and culturally rewarding trip to Hangzhou. 6、说到中国古代的科技文明(civilization),人们自然就会想到“四大发明”,即 指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术。这四种发明是古代先进科技的象征,具有重大 的历史意义。它们对中国古代政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用, 也对世界的文明进程产生了巨大影响。 Speaking of ancient Chinese civilization in science and technology, people will naturally think of the Four Great Inventions, namely the compass, gunpowder, paper-making and printing. These four inventions are symbols of ancient China’s

大学体验英语1课文翻译

So Much to Learn 学无止境 It was the last day of final examinations in a large Eastern university. On the steps of one building, a group of engineering seniors huddled, discussing the exam due to begin in a few minutes. On their faces was confidence. This was their last exam before they went on to commencement and jobs. 故事发生在一所东部大学里。那是终考的最后一天。一幢教学楼的台阶上围着一群大四的工科生,都在谈论即刻就要开始的考试。他们脸上都带着自信。这是毕业前的最后一场考试了,考完后,即是毕业典礼。然后他们将各奔前程。 Some talked of jobs they already had; others of jobs they would get. With all this assurance of four years of college study, they felt ready and able to conquer the world. 话题转到了工作上,有的谈起了找好的工作,有的则谈论着要找的工作。4年的大学学习给了他们自信,使他们觉得自己足以征服世界。 The approaching exam, they knew, would be a snap. The professor had said they could bring any books or notes they wanted, requesting only that they did not talk to each other during the test. 眼前这场考试,不过是一碟小菜罢了。老师已经说过可以携带所需的任何书本或笔记,只要不在考试时交头接耳就行了。 Jubilantly, they filed into the classroom. The professor passed out the papers. And their smiles broadened as the students noted there were only five essay-type questions. 学生们兴高采烈地步入教室。试卷发下来了。看到只有5道论述题,他们一个个脸上笑开了花。 Three hours passed. Then the professor began to collect the papers. The students no longer looked confident. On their faces was a frightened expression. No one spoke as the professor faced the class with the papers in her hand 3小时过去后,老师开始收卷。学生们先前的那份自信再也看不到了,而是满脸惊慌。老师握着试卷,面对全班,大家都沉默不语。 She surveyed the worried faces before her, then asked: “How many completed all five questions?” Not a hand was raised.

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Chapter one 2012-3-27 ?翻译可分为口译interpretation和笔译translation。 ?Interpretation can be divided into two types: one is consecutive interpretation, another is simultaneous interpretation. ?翻译三原则(George Washington Campbell,Alexander Fraser Tytler) 1.原作的意义、意思 2.原作的思想、精神 3.流畅、通顺 ?翻译方法1.直译literal translation 2.意译free translation 3.音译transliteration ?山雨欲来风满楼The coming events cast their shadows before. 才学最差,叫喊最多The worst wheel of a cart creaks most. 与……狼狈为奸hand in glove with… 乱七八糟at sixes and sevens 千载难逢once in a blue moon 路必有弯,势必有转机It is a long lane that has no turning. 家丑不可外扬It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest. ?The main principles of TRANSLITERA TION 1.准确读音 2.正确拼写姓名拼写中姓与名要空一格首字母要大写eg. Pu Songling 地名拼写中首字母大写不空格eg. Fujian Guangdong Xi’an 一般来说除地名人名之外其他专有名词英译时首字母要大写如汉Han; 一般名词要小写 3.弄清词源有些词需要追溯到最初发音以利于音译eg.菩萨Bodhisattva 4.约定俗成eg. 孙中山Sun Y at-sen 宋庆龄Soong Ching Ling 陈嘉庚Tan Kah Kee 5.准确回译eg. 纽约New Y ork 6.缩略语复原eg. 闽Fujian 武大Wuhan University Chapter two 2012-3-28 ?The classification of CULTURE 1.物质文化material culture 2.制度文化institutional culture 3.心理文化mental culture ?中英思维方式对比 1.中国人注重伦理,英美人注重认知 2.中国人注重整体、偏重综合性思维;英美人注重个体、偏重分析性思维 3.中国人重直觉,英美人重实证 4.中国人重形象思维,英美人重逻辑思维 Chapter three 2012-3-31 ?词语的指称意义与蕴含意义的对比 1.指称意义是词语在交际过程中所表达的字面的最基本的意义,相当于一种约定俗 成的认知 2.蕴含意义的理解与表达eg:His wife was unfaithful to him, and he became a cuckold. 他老婆红杏出墙,给他戴了顶绿帽子。此处注意红和绿。?词语英译与语言语境 1.根据语言语境确定原文词义:“醉心于……”be engrossed in褒be infatuated with 贬 2.根据语言环境选择译文用词:①Mum gave a book as my birthday present .

(完整版)大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)练习与作业

翻译理论与实践课作业 天津科技大学外语学院 作业一:字词的翻译 一、词的理解 1.一词多义: wet She had a wet nurse for the infant Elliot. If you think I am for him, you are all wet. She wet her pants at the news. State state and revolution, state of the union the united states. 3.词义引申:抽象化、具体化 Every life has its roses and thorns. She stood there chewing over the strange thing. The engine sounds good. At 23, he had first learned what it is to be a Negro. 4.词的褒贬:comment Alice was excited as a child, delighted to be once more the center of the comment. But what a comment, she could not help reflecting, on her own charms. He walked around the room. He then stopped and looked around, “comment” ? 5.词的轻重:看词类、看场合、看句型、看习惯等等。Through;free He slept the night through. There is a through train to Beijing. Through this way, they finished the task. She is free with her money. I made her free of my library. 二、词义的表达 1.直译法 dark horse Hot dog Forbidden fruit 暴发户半边天红卫兵 2意译法 blue jacket the yellow leaf Wet blanket 炒鱿鱼下海白拿 3.直译意译结合法 the apple of one’s eye as dull as a goose Once in a blue moon as cool as a cucumber Black sheep as timid as a rabbit 4.音译法

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