大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)第8讲

第八讲翻译理论学习：1949年到文革前的翻译

一、概述

两个重要阶段

1. 建国初到“文革”前的17年，

2. 70年代末至今

二、两次翻译工作会议

1951年“第一届翻译工作会议”

1954年“全国文学翻译工作会议”，

三、17年翻译的大致情况

1. 50年代初，俄苏文学作品和文学理论，东欧民主国家的文学作品。

2. 50年代中后期，欧美国家的文学，

3. 50年代末至60年代初，亚非拉文学的译介受到重视，对欧美和苏联文学由正面译介转为批判性译介。

四、17年间重要翻译家和理论家

张谷若，

哈代的作品，

翻译的特点是“地道”“四字格”，“注释”

张友松：马克·吐温的作品

王科一：《傲慢与偏见》、

杨必：《名利场》

杨苡：《呼啸山庄》

叶君健：安徒生童话

杨绛：《堂吉诃德》

傅雷：

法国文学翻译大师

“重神似不重形似”《高老头》

周作人：“音译名从主人”

钱钟书。“化境”

翻译技巧学习：

句子的翻译（一）：句子翻译概述

一、词序调整

（1）Even the wild animals of his homeland, it seemed to Kunta, had more dignity than these creatures. (Alex Haley, Roots)

昆塔觉得，即使他家乡的野兽也比这群人自尊自重。（插入语换序）

（2）In this way an earlier and perhaps even greater crop might be obtained.

用这种方法，庄稼可以早一点收获，收成或许更好些。(定语换序)

（3）From the moment they set foot on the territory of their motherland, they were warmly received by their compatriots.

他们从走上祖国土地的时刻起，就受到同胞们热情接待。（定语从句换序）

（4）Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.

他们乐观、能干、热情，总是想方设法使你一路上顺利舒适。（状语移位，并转变为谓语）

（5）Don’t hesitate t o come when you need help.

你什么时候需要帮助，只管来找我。（状语从句换序）

二、分译

1．把英语中的一个单词或短语译成汉语句子

（1）The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.

中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。（分译副词

状语）

（2）I tried vainly to put the pieces together. (Helen Keller, The Story of My Life)

我想把这些碎片拼在一起，可是拼不起来。（分译状语）

（3）The computer can give Mary the right lesson for her: neither too fast nor too slow.

计算机能给玛丽上课，上得恰到好处，既不太快也不太慢。（分译定语）（4）The region was the most identifiable trouble spot.

那个地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。（分译形容词定语）（5）He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.

他摇了摇头，两眼睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神色。

（分译介词词组）

（6）The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered for she went down

on her first voyage with loss of life.

人们永远不会忘记这艘大型客轮沉没时的悲惨情形，因为她是第一次出航时沉

没的，而且有很多人丧生。（分译介词词组）

（7）Throughout his life, Benjamin Franklin continued his education, learning from human contacts as well as from books.

富兰克林的整个一生都在受教育，他不仅从书本中学习，而且也从与人的交往

中学习。（分译分词短语）

（8）One consequence of speculation about the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in general.

观察结果表明，计算机可能有思想，这使我们不得不从新的角度全面审视思想

这一概念。（分译名词词组）。

2．把一个英语句子拆成多个汉语句子

（1）That question is too hard for me to answer.

那个问题太难了，我回答不了。（分译动词不定式）

（2）He is too ill to have been anywhere but in bed.

他病得太厉害，哪也去不了，只能呆在床上。（分译动词不定式和介词短语）（3）Spring has so much more than speech in its unfolding flowers and leaves, and the coursing of its streams, and in its sweet restless seeking! (John Galsworthy, The

Apple Tree)

春花怒放，春水奔流，无限春光，争芳斗艳，语言已不足以尽述其妙！（分译

介词短语）。

（4）Clapp, with the best of characters and handwritings, had been able very soon after his master’s disaster to find other employment for himself. (W. M. Thackeray,

Vanity Fair)

克拉浦品行端正，又写得一笔好字，因此主人坏了事之后不久就找到了别的工

作。（分译介词短语）

三、合译

1．把两个或两个以上的简单句译成一个汉语单句或复句

（1）The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen.

这个年轻人很惨，已落到了身无分文的地步，因为他所有的积蓄都被窃。

（2）Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake his will to go to the front.

夜幕降落时，一声爆炸震动了大地，可并没有动摇他上前线的决心。

（3）That day, the President had an interview with her father. Her father was going to the moon by space shuttle.

那天，总统会见了她的父亲，因为她的父亲即将乘航天飞机去登月。

（4）She is very busy at home. She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work.

她在家很忙，又要看好孩子，又要下厨。

（5）His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north of Italy near the sea.

他的父亲在意大利北部临海的比萨城开个小店。

２．把英语中的复合句译成一个汉语单句

（1）If we do a thing, we should do it well.

我们要干就要干好。

（2）She waited, but in vain.

她白等了。

（3）The time was 10:30, and traffic on the street was light.

１０点３０分的时候，街上来往的车辆稀少了。

（4）Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a visitor.

美国人有许多风俗习惯在陌生人来看是颇为费解的。

（5）Parents love their children and the love is perfect.

父母对子女的爱是无微不至的。