Unit11OnBecomingaBetterStudent课文翻译综合教程三

Unit 11

On Becoming a Better Student

(abridged)

Donna Farhi Schuster

1 As students we expect a great deal from our teachers. We expect them to be enthusiastic. We expect them reliable. We may even have expectations that they be endless repositories of skill and knowledge from which we may partake at will.

2 As a teacher I have come to feel weighted by these expectations and have begun to see that it is really not possible to teach. All the words and theories and techniques are of no use to students who have yet to open themselves with receptivity and to take it upon themselves to practice. So in a sense I have given up trying to “teach,” for I’ve come to believe that the greatest thing I can offer my students is to help them learn how to find themselves through their own investigation.

3 Many factors come together to make a fine student. Find someone you think is extraordinary, and you will find many, if not all, of the following qualities. People who learn a great deal in what seems like a very short time embody these qualities.

4Curiosity Such people are tremendously curious. The whole world is of interest to them, and they observe what others do not. Nobel Prize-winner physician Albert-Gyorgyi put it well when he said, “Discovery consists of looking at the same thing as everyone else and thinking something different.” With this curiosity comes an “investigative spirit”; the learning is not so much the acquisition of information as it is an investigation—a questioning, a turning over of the object of study to see all sides and facets. It is not

knowing in the sense of having a rigid opinion, but the ability to look again at another time, in a different light, as Gyorgyi suggests, and to form a new understanding based on that observation.

5Discipline Any discipline — but especially those with great subtlety and complexity, like yoga or t’ai chi — can be a lifelong pursuit. Persistence, consistency, and discipline are required. Without these, our learning is but forth without substance. There are no shortcuts. The fruit of these seemingly dry qualities (which we prefer to admire in others) is the satisfaction of having tasted the fullness of completion, or the thrill of meeting a difficult challenge with success. Perhaps, though, our culture is in need of redefining what it means to study. If we can look at our chosen discipline or craft as an ongoing process rather than as a discrete accomplishment, the potential for learning can be infinite. With this attitude we may find ourselves treating even the most mundane discovery with wide-eyed wonder and joy.

6Risk-Taking Why is it, then, that so few people live up to their true potential? Beyond the well-paved roads and secure structures we usually build for ourselves lie demons, unsure footing — and unfelt pleasures. To be a student is to take risks. Yet most education discourages people from venturing far enough to take risks to make mistakes. “Children enter school as question marks and leave as periods,” observes educator Neil Postman. What kind of punctuation mark do you represent? Do you find yourself looking for tidy answers that give you a feeling of security? By learning to find the one right answer, we may have relinquished our ability to find other answers and solutions. We learn, then, not to put ourselves into situations where we might fail, because failure has tremendous social

stigma. When we try different approaches and do things that have no precedence in our experience, we will surely make mistakes. A creative person uses these “failure”as stepping stones.

7Initiative Can we begin, then, to see that our teachers are guides on our journey, but that the journey itself is our own responsibility? There is nothing quite so satisfying as undergoing a difficult process and after long hard work discovering the true nature of that process. It could be as simple as throwing a perfect pot, or as complex as formulating a new theory of physics. The satisfaction we feel will be directly proportional to amount of work we do by ourselves to achieve our goal. Successful students do not expect to be spoon-fed, but take their own initiative. Wanting answers from my teacher has often been a way for me to avoid taking the initiative to discover my own answers through my own practice.

8Enthusiasm To learn, then, is to open oneself. Jim Spira, director of the Institute for Educational Therapy in Berkeley, California, asks his students to prepare themselves to learn in this way: “Drop your prior knowledge … [and] attempt to grasp the new framework in its own context. The student complains, ‘But I know what is important.’ If what you know is important, then it should be there when you finish the course. If you continually ‘hold onto it,’ then you’ll only see what is presented in terms of the old knowledge/framework and never really grow in new ways.”

9 Finally, as we each advance on our own unique journey, let us live each day as beginners. Being “advanced”has its own pitfalls —among them complacency and pushing or forcing. To go deeper may mean to be still, to progress more patiently, or to

devote more time to other areas of our lives as yet green and immature. As F.M. Alexander, of the Alexander technique, once said to his students as they strained and labored, “Give up trying too hard, but never give up.”

10TIPS FOR THE ASPIRING STUDENT

The information that follows is designed as a guide. The author welcomes correspondence from those who can add to it.

●Be attentive. Teachers will usually go out of their way to help a self-motivated and

interested student.

●Be seen. If you want the teacher to know that you are serious, sit or stand in the

front of the class. Make eye contact and introduce yourself, either before or after class.

●Be on time. Consistent lateness is a sign of disrespect. If you take your teacher’s

skill so lightly, why should he or she take you seriously? Missing the beginning of class can also be physically dangerous if you have missed explanations and work meant to prepare you for more difficult movements.

●Be consistent. The quality of any class improves when there is a collective

commitment to regular attendance. In this way you can gain a cumulative knowledge and progress at a more rapid pace. On a more practical level, your attendance may be your teacher’s livelihood.

●Listen with your whole body. We have come to treat words like the background

noise of a radio. Plant words in the pertinent area of your body so that information can be “embodied”.

●Appreciate constructive criticism. Remember why you’re there—to break through

restrictive habit patterns and to change. Teachers usually reserve the most scathing criticism for their most promising students!

●Questions can help clarify and enrich both teacher and student if the student’s

questions are pertinent. If, on the contrary, the student is asking questions because he or she is late or inattentive, the student is being disrespectful to the teacher and fellow classmates and is consequently lowering the quality of the class. Highly personal questions with little relevance to the subject at hand are best asked after class.

●You have the right to disagree — but you do not always have the right to express it.

Sometimes it is appropriate to challenge a teacher. It is unethical, however, to argue with a teacher or badger a teacher in public. If you thoroughly object to what is being taught, you are free to leave and learn elsewhere.

●Let your teacher know how much you appreciate him or her. Teachers need

encouragement like everyone else. Giving them feedback when something has proved particularly beneficial or injurious to you can help them improve the quality of their teaching.

优秀学生是怎么炼成的

（节选）

唐娜·法伊·舒斯特

1. 作为学生我们对老师期望甚高。我们希望老师热情洋溢。我们希望老师笃实可靠。我们

甚至希望老师才识卓绝，取之不竭，用之不尽。

2. 作为老师我渐渐觉得这些期望让我压力重重，我开始明白不太可能“教会”学生什么东西。如果学生不愿意打开心扉去接受并且自己主动练习，老师解释的所有理论啊技巧啊都将变成耳旁风。所以，从某种意义上说，我已经放弃“教”的努力了，因为我慢慢相信我能给学生最好的东西是帮他们学会如何通过自己的调查去发现。

3. 很多要素组合在一起才能造就一名优秀的学生。观察一个你心目中出类拔萃的人，你就会发现以下的很多特点，甚至是全部。那些能在看来极短时间内学到很多东西的人们都具备这些特点。

4. 好奇心这样的人好奇心极强。整个世界都是他们的兴趣所在，他们能见人所未见。诺贝尔奖得主、物理学家艾伯特·圣捷尔吉说得好，“发现乃见众人之所见而思众人所未思。”与好奇之心相伴而来的是一种“探索精神”；学习过程与其说是获得信息的过程，不如说是一种探索，一种质疑，将要学习的东西翻来覆去方方面面层层次次看个明白。这不是有僵化意见的“知”，而是如圣捷尔吉所说，在这一观察的基础上，在另一个时间用另一个角度获得全新理解的能力。

5. 自律任何学科——尤以那些极其微妙和复杂的学科为最，如瑜伽或太极——都可成为终生追求的目标，而坚持不懈、持之以恒、节制自律是必不可少的。没有这些，我们的学习就不过是没有实质的泡沫。没有捷径可言。这些看似枯燥的品质(我们更愿意羡慕别人拥有它们)，给我们带来的是圆满完成某事后的满足感，或成功面对挑战的兴奋。不过，我们的文化也许需要给学习重新下个定义。如果我们将所选择的学科或手艺看作是一个正在持续的进程，而不是一个单独的成就，那么学习的潜力就可能无穷无尽。带着这样的态度，我们面对哪怕最平淡无奇的发现时也能在不知不觉之中充满好奇与喜悦。

6. 冒险那究竟为什么能充分挖掘出自身潜力的人少之又少呢？在铺好的坦途和我们通

常为自己建造的坚固房屋之外，有潜伏的恶魔、不确定的落脚之处——当然也有从未感受过的快乐。当学生就意味着要冒险。但教育一般不会鼓励人们大胆走出太远去冒险、去犯错。“孩子们入学时是问号，毕业时是句号”教育家内尔·波斯特曼如是说。你代表的是哪种标点符号呢？你觉得自己是在寻找能给你安全感的明确答案吗？我们学会了寻找唯一的正确答案，可能就放弃了寻找别的答案和解决办法的能力。我们还学会了避失败而远之，因为失败会招致耻辱。如果我们尝试不同的方法，做以前未尝经历过的事情，我们就肯定会犯错误，而有创意的人会把这些“失败”当作踏脚石。

7. 主动进取这样的话，我们就能将老师视为我们旅程中的导游，而旅程本身则是自己的责任所在了吧？在经历了艰难的过程、长期辛苦的工作之后发现那个过程的真正本质，是最令人满足的。这工作可能很简单，比如在陶轮上制出一个完整的陶罐；也可能很复杂，如提出一套物理学理论。为达到目标所付出的努力越多，所体会到的满足感也就会越强。成功的学生不希望填鸭式教育，而是会主动进取。希望从老师那里得到答案是我常用的逃避伎俩，这样我就不必主动通过练习为自己找到答案。

8. 热忱这么说来，学习其实就是打开心扉。加州伯克莱教育治疗学院院长吉姆·斯皮拉要求学生用这种方式学习：“忘记你们已有的知识……尝试去领会新环境中的观点。学生抱怨说，‘但我知道什么是重要的啊。’要是你已经掌握的知识很重要，那么课程结束时它应该还在那。要是你一直‘抓住它不放’，那么只会看到已有知识/观点的表述，而永远不会在新的方面有所长进。

9. 最后，既然我们每个人的旅程都独一无二，就让我们每天像新手上路一样活着吧。处于“先进高级”阶段有它自己的陷阱——其中包括自得自满、一意孤行或咄咄逼人。继续深入可能意味着停滞不前，意味着更加耐心地向前走，或者意味着往我们人生中青涩和尚不成熟的其他领域投入更多的时间。正如创立了亚历山大技法的F. M. 亚历山大曾对过分努力的学生

所说，“放弃过分努力，但永远不要放弃。”

10. 优秀学生秘笈

以下信息旨在抛砖引玉，若能来函补充，作者无任欢迎。

●专心。老师总是会不遗余力地帮助那些自我激励和兴致勃勃的学生。

●关注。如果你想让老师知道你很认真，那就在教室前排就座或站立，可在课前或课后与

老师进行眼神交流并做自我介绍。

●准时。接二连三的迟到是不尊重老师的表现。如果你这么轻视老师的工作，他(或她)凭

什么要认真地对待你呢？错过课程的开头部分，错过那些为以后更艰深的内容做准备的解释或练习，有时也可能危及人身安全。

●坚持不懈。当全班坚持出席时，授课质量会有提高。这样你就可以逐步积累知识，并且

进步也会更快。从实用的层面来说，你的出勤可能关系到老师的生计。

●全身心地聆听。我们已经习惯把语言当作无线电背景噪音一般来对待。切记把老师的讲

述深深地植根于身体里的相关部位，以便信息能够收录下来。

●感谢建设性的批评。牢记你为什么在那里——是为了打破束缚你的习惯思维方式，并

且改变自己。老师通常给那些最有前途的学生以最为严厉的批评。

●如果学生提出的问题中肯贴切，提问有助于澄清疑团，对老师和学生都是一种丰富和深

化。相反，如果学生提问是因为自己迟到或不专心，那这个学生就是不尊重老师和同学，因而也降低了教学质量。跟教学内容关系不大的私人问题最好等课后再提。

●你有权不同意——但并不是总有权表达异议。有时，质疑老师是合适的。然而，当众与

老师争论或纠缠是不道德的。如果你完全反对教学内容，你尽可以离开去别的地方学习。

●让老师知道你有多么欣赏他或她。老师像所有人一样也需要鼓励，如果有些东西对你特

别有用或有害，及时给予老师反馈，可以帮助老师提高教学质量。

Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy （n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力）in Australia，就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，there has been foreign languages fervor[f??v?] in China，中国也掀起一股外语热，with English on top of the list. 在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首。English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。Parents hire private tutors for their school children；父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination. 成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? 英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes．如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。From my personal experience, 从我个人的经验来看，I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation，its grammatical rules，its words，etc．英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it．它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。Without such a complete understanding of the language, 对英语没有这样全面的理解，the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation，sentence structure and the words he uses．即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it．讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。Take the Chinese English learners for example．以学英语的中国人为例，" Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people．"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?"，which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese．"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? 这个英语句子结构不对吗? Of course not．当然不是。It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. 学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。By the same token，同样，"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. 英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。Meanwhile，the Chinese would be shocked to hear，"Oh，it's very nice of you．When?"，if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet.如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner．Why can't we say pig，bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork，beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions．中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢?"Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners．对学习英语的中国人来说，为这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history．问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken．所以说，学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习使用该语言国家的历史知识。A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak

Chinese Food "Few things in life are as positive as food, or are taken as intimately and completely by the individual. One can listen to music, but the sound may enter in one ear and go out through the other; one may listen to a lecture or. conversation, and day-dream about many other things; one may attend to matters of business, and one's heart or interest may be altogether elsewhere... In the matter of food and eating however one can hardly remain completely indifferent to what one is doing for long. How can one remain entirely indifferent to something which is going to enter one's body and become part of oneself? How can one remain indifferent to something which will determine one's physical strength and ultimately one's spiritual and moral fibre and well-being?" -- Kenneth Lo “生活中很少有什么东西像食物这样真切实在，或者说那么彻底的为个人接纳吸收。一个人可能在听音乐，但是音乐可以从一只耳朵进从另一只耳朵出；一个人可以在听讲座时胡思乱想；一个人可以在料理生意上的事务而他的心思和兴趣另有所属…….。而在吃饭就餐时，一个人几乎不可能长时间的对自己正在做的事完全无动于衷。一个人怎么能对即将进入身体并成为身体一部分的东西保持绝对的无动于衷呢？一个人怎么能对即将决定自己体力以及最终决定自己的精神和道德品质以及幸福安康的东西无动于衷呢？ ——肯尼斯·洛 This is an easy question for a Chinese to ask, but a Westerner might find it difficult to answer. Many people in the West are gourmets and others are gluttons, but scattered among them also is a large number of people who are apparently pretty indifferent to what goes into their stomachs, and do not regard food as having any ultimate moral effect on them. How, they might ask, could eating a hamburger or drinking Coca Cola contribute anything to making you a saint or a sinner? For them, food is quite simply a fuel. 这是一个中国人常问的问题，而西方人却很难作答。在西方，很多人都是美食家，还有其他一些是暴饮暴食者，而混杂于这两者中间的还有一种对吃进肚子的食物漠不关心的。这些人也许会问，吃一个汉堡，喝点可口可乐就会变成圣人或罪人？对于他们来说，食物就是一种能量。 Kenneth Lo, however, expresses a point of view that is profoundly different and typically Chinese, deriving from thousands of years of tradition. The London restaurateur Fu Tong, for example, quotes no less an authority than Confucius (the ancient Sage known in Chinese as K'ung-Fu-Tzu) with regard to the primal importance of food. Food, said the sage, is the first happiness. Fu Tong adds: "Food to my countrymen is one of the ecstasies of life, to be thought about in advance; to be smothered with loving care throughout its preparation; and to have time lavished on it in the final pleasure of eating." 肯尼斯·洛认却表达了一种截然不同的，典型的中国化的观点。这种观点源于从几千年中国文化。例如，一家伦敦餐馆的董福就引用了如同孔夫子（中国人陈这位古代圣人为孔夫子）的权威人士的话。圣者言，食乃是人生最大的幸福。董福还说：“食物对中国人来说是生活中的一大乐事，需要预先准备，需要精心烹饪，还要肯花时间去享受吃得乐趣。” Lo observes that when Westerners go to a restaurant they ask for a good table, which means a good position from which to see and be seen. They are usually there to be entertained socially -- and also, incidentally, to eat. When the Chinese go to a restaurant, however, they ask for a small room with plain walls where they cannot be seen except by the members of their own party,

Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live 在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。但他写道，自己并不后悔，对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream Life Jim Doherty 有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。如今我同时做着这两件事。作为作家，我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级，作为农场主，我和乡邻也不是同一类人，不过我应付得还行。在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。 这是一种自力更生的生活。我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋，每星期还能剩余几十个出售。自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我们还自己动手砍柴，足可供过冬取暖之用。 这也是一种令人满足的生活。夏日里我们在河上荡舟，在林子里野餐，骑着自行车长时间漫游。冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。我们为落日的余辉而激动。我们爱闻大地回暖的气息，爱听牛群哞叫。我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空，看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。 但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。就在三个月前，气温降

到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。 在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。桑迪则有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐、冷藏，开车送孩子学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己还要上风琴课，为我做些研究工作并打字，自己有时也写写文章，还要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、运送鸡蛋。正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲――贤德之人也歇不了。 我们谁也不会忘记第一年的冬天。从12月一直到3月底，我们都被深达5英尺的积雪困着。暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，积雪厚厚地覆盖着屋子和谷仓，而室内，我们用自己砍伐的木柴烧火取暖，吃着自家种植的苹果，温馨快乐每一分钟。 开春后，有过两次泛滥。一次是河水外溢，我们不少田地被淹了几个星期。接着一次是生长季节到了，一波又一波的农产品潮涌而来，弄得我们应接不暇。我们的冰箱里塞满了樱桃、蓝莓、草莓、芦笋、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接着我们存放食品罐的架子上、柜橱里也开始堆

新世纪商务英语综合教程第三册课文译文 第一单元 旅行开阔心智 课文1 小岛笔记1 比尔·布莱森 兰翠竹译 我头一次看见英国是在一九七三年三月的一个雾蒙蒙的夜晚，我搭上从加来港出发的午夜轮渡抵达多佛。有二十分钟光景，多佛港站头上沸反盈天，这头轿车卡车势如潮涌，那厢海关差役恪尽职守，人人都忙着赶路去伦敦。随后，突然间，一切归于沉寂，我漫步在睡意正浓、雾气迷蒙的昏暗街头，活像是置身于系列片《牛头犬德拉蒙德》。将一个英国小镇独揽入怀，这滋味实在绝妙。 有一件事叫人发慌，那天晚上好像所有的饭店和招待所统统关了门。我一路走到火车站，寻思着能赶上去伦敦的班车，可那车站也是黑灯瞎火、大门紧闭。我正站在那里不晓得如何是好，却发现马路对面一家招待所楼上的窗户里闪着电视的灰光。万岁，我想，好歹有人醒着，于是一边急忙穿过马路，一边打好腹稿，准备跟那个慈眉善目的老板客气一番，为自己的迟来而道歉，满以为会晤谈甚欢，甚至想好了下面的台词：“实在不敢劳您大驾在这个时候为我准备食物，但是如果不太麻烦的话，能否给我一份烤牛肉三明治、大份莳萝咸菜，一点土豆色拉，再加一瓶啤酒。”通往招待所的人行道漆黑一片，我心里怀着一腔渴望，脚下却对英式门廊的路不大习惯，在一级楼梯上绊了一跤，脸直直地砸在门上，撞上半打空奶瓶，立时哐啷哐啷地响起来。楼上的窗户几乎紧接着就打开了。 “谁啊？”有人尖着嗓子问道。 我后退一步，一边揉鼻子，一边抬眼凝视一个戴着发卷的侧影。“你好，我想找间房，”我说。 “我们关门啦。” “哦。可是在哪儿吃晚餐呢？” “试试丘吉尔吧。在前面。” “在什么前面啊？”我刚发问，那扇窗就已经砰地一声关上了。 “丘吉尔”富丽堂皇、灯火通明，看起来热情好客。透过一扇窗户，我能瞧见酒吧里有人西装笔挺，看上去温文尔雅，活像诺埃尔·考沃德戏里出现的人物。我在阴影中踌躇，感觉自己像个街头流浪儿。就我这阶层，就我这身打扮，跟这么一栋楼是格格不入的，而且，不管怎么说吧，我口袋里那几个寒碜的子儿，显然付不起这笔开销。就在昨天，我刚刚把一叠厚得出奇的花花绿绿的法郎交给一位目光如炬的饭店老板买单，换来的不过是在一张疙疙瘩瘩的床铺睡上一晚，吃到一盘希奇古怪的名叫“沙瑟”的玩意，里面包含着杂七杂八的小动物的骨头，其中有不少我还得用一大块餐巾偷偷包起来扔掉，付完帐后我下定决心，从今以后开支用度务必慎之又慎。于是我老大不情愿地转过身，离开“丘吉尔”那诱人的温暖，步履艰难地投入黑夜。 1译文选自https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ed17957121.html,/subject/3826575/discussion/18109779/，有改动和删节

Unit1 1.背离传统需要极大的勇气 1) It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition. 2.汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。 2) Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. 3.很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。 3) Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age. 4.假设那幅画确实是名作，你觉得值得购买吗？ 4) Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it’s worthwhile to buy/purchase it? 5.如果这些数据统计上市站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。 5) If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating. Unit2 1.该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。 1) The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.

Key to Translation(Page 187) 1. She seems to take little pleasure in doing such things. 2. The professor told us that the tradition of landscape painting could date from the prehistoric age. 3. After attending the lecture of the famous writer, he decided to give up medicine and take to literature. 4. Let’s dispense with the formalities and go directly into the discussion. 5. These animals run extraordinarily fast and in consequence their hunting methods are very efficient indeed. 6. The police searched every house in the district for the escaped criminal, but to no avail. 7. Parents tend to take very great pride in the achievements of their children. Key to Translation (Page 206) 1.Many developing countries, after independence, were afflicted with economic problems to begin with. 2. In order to protect domestic industries, the government decided to impose anti-dumping tariff on imported products. 3. Knowledge without practical experience counts for little. 4. Thousands of people were forced to abandon their homes to the invading enemy troops. 5. I’ve lived in Shanghai so long that I’ve looked upon the city as my second hometown. 6. The roof will have to be propped up while repairs are being carried out. 7. In (the) face of great hardship, he managed to keep his sense of humor. Key to Translation (Page 230) 1. They usually leave off work at 5 o’clock, but today they have to work overtime. 2. All the museums and art galleries in the city are open to the public for free / free of charge. 3. It’s very discouraging to be sneered at by them all the time. 4. She has been a little run down lately and the doctor has advised her to take a short holiday. 5. The whole city is bathed in a sea of joy today. 6. It’s very dark outside, and the sky is covered, as it were, with a black curtain. 7. I booked two film tickets by phone yesterday in the name of Thomas. Key to Translation (Page 309) 1. The tourists cheered with excitement when they saw water cascading down the mountainside. 2. Owing to the policy of reform, the small town is thriving day by day. 3. Could you read through this for me and highlight the important points? 4. At times I wonder if rote learning is worthwhile. 5. The superstitions that used to prevail in Old China are disappearing gradually. 6. Thanks to the improvement in export sales, the company has successfully fulfilled its marketing plan.

新视野大学英语3课文翻译 第一课无限的爱 我哥哥吉米出生时遇上难产，因为缺氧导致大脑受损。两年后，我出生了。 从此以后，我的生活便围绕我哥哥转。 伴随我成长的，是“到外面去玩，把你哥哥也带上。” 不带上他，我是哪里也去不了的。因此，我怂恿邻居的孩子到我家来，尽情地玩孩子们玩的游戏。 我母亲教吉米学习日常自理，比如刷牙或系皮带什么的。 我父亲宅心仁厚，他的耐心和理解使一家人心贴着心。 我则负责外面的事，找到那些欺负我哥哥的孩子们的父母，告他们的状，为我哥哥讨回公道。 父亲和吉米形影不离。 他们一道吃早饭，平时每天早上一道开车去海军航运中心，他们都在那里工作，吉米在那搬卸标有彩色代号的箱子。 晚饭后，他们一道交谈，玩游戏，直到深夜。 他们甚至用口哨吹相同的曲调。 所以，父亲1991年因心脏病去世时，吉米几乎崩溃了，尽管他尽量不表现出来。 他就是不能相信父亲去世这一事实。 通常，他是一个令人愉快的人，现在却一言不发，无论说多少话都不能透过他木然的脸部表情了解他的心事。 我雇了一个人和他住在一起，开车送他去上班。然而，不管我怎么努力地维持原状，吉米还是认为他熟悉的世界已经消失了。 有一天，我问他：“你是不是想念爸爸？” 他的嘴唇颤抖了几下，然后问我：“你怎么看，玛格丽特？他是我最好的朋友。” 接着，我俩都流下了眼泪。 六个月后，母亲因肺癌去世，剩下我一人来照顾吉米。 吉米不能马上适应去上班时没有父亲陪着，因此搬来纽约和我一起住了一段时间。 我走到哪里他就跟到哪里，他好像适应得很好。 但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里，继续干他原来的工作。我答应把他送回去。 此事最后做成了。 如今，他在那里生活了11年，在许多人的照料下，同时依靠自己生活得有声有色。 他已成了邻里间不可或缺的人物。 如果你有邮件要收，或有狗要遛，他就是你所要的人。 当然，母亲的话没错：可以有一个家，既能容纳他的缺陷又能装下我的雄心。

Unit 4 Career Planning职业生涯规划 1 职业生涯规划不一定例行或合乎逻辑的步骤。我们每个人都在不同的地方体重因素，可考虑某些阶段的职业规划，在不同的时间。职业规划包括收集有关自己和了解职业，估计各种可能的结果的行动，最后，选择的替代品，我们认为有吸引力的和可行的。 2许多观察家指出，学生是不是非常有效的职业生涯规划。他们列举的证据表明，大多数学生中选择一种十分狭隘集团的职业;多达40至百分之六十选择专业职业，而实际上只有15日至18日的百分之劳动力从事专业工作;年轻人表现出惊人的缺乏兴趣的文书，销售，服务等职业，尽管这些领域提供了许多就业机会;多达三分之一的学生无法表示任何选择职业。 3在书中决策，欧文詹尼斯和莱昂曼确定中存在的严重缺陷的方法很多人作出决定。这些缺陷似乎与模式的人使用，以应付的问题。第一个漏洞是自满。谁无视人民挑战的信息作出的选择，他们表现出的自满。人们谁采取的态度是“这不会影响我”或“这绝不会发生”使用自满为主导的模式行事。当然，自满是适当的任何决定，其中任何事关重大，但这并不说明职业生涯的决定。 4第二个漏洞，人们应付决定是防御撤销。当面对的是一个决定，并不能认为他们可以找到一个可以接受的解决办法，有些人保持冷静，通过诉诸一厢情愿或白日梦。学生谁不想想影响他们的职业选择往往从事合理化（欺骗自己与自我满足，但不正确的解释，一个人的行为）或拖延（推迟或拖延）。面临的形势可能会产生焦虑，但检查的替代品也可提供救济。 5第三个漏洞是hypervigilance 。这发生在职业生涯决策当人们认为，没有足够的时间来寻找解决办法，他们的恐慌。他们疯狂地寻找职业的可能性和抓住匆忙发明的解决办法，忽略了他们所选择的后果以及其他替代方案。人谁在恐慌有时并不认为明确或逻辑。 6最好的因应行为是警惕。警惕决策时，就会发生人认为，选择，应作出，他们可以找到一个解决办法，并且有足够的时间。在这种情况下，学生可以进行有效的寻找替代的职业，认真评估每一个备选方案，并制定应急计划，以防一种或另一种风险出现。 7以下是关键的职业规划。 8 。研究自己。这是关键的职业规划。了解你喜欢，你的价值，以及你想成为的基础是所有职业规划。在学习，你检查你的长处和短处，自己的目标，以及您个人的趋势发展。自我的理解是，您可以获得您可以想像某些职业可能最适合你的个性，兴趣，能力和目标。所有职业的决定，要求我们既要了解自己，了解有关工作，并结合这两种知识。 9 。撰写您的职业目标了。有用的技术，组织观念的职业发展实际上是为写下来的时间在你的生活区块。写下来部队您结晶您的思想和认识不清，半形成的想法。这可能导致新的见解您的可能性和可帮助您查看新的关系，模式和趋势，

Unit 1 1.她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。(much less) She wouldn't take a drink, much less would she stay for dinner. 2.他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。(whereas) He thought I was lying to him, whereas I was telling the truth. 3.这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？(account for) How do you account for the fact that you have been late every day this week? 4.他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。(due to) The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy. 5.这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 6.我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。(pour into) We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project, so we have to carry on. Unit 2 1.尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。(despite) Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents. 2.迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。(nor) Mike didn't come to the party last night, nor did he call me to give an explanation. 3.坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。(next to; by no means) The person sitting next to him did publish some novels, but he is by no means a great writer. 4.他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。(be indifferent to) He has no interest in football and is indifferent to who wins or loses. 5.经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。(count on) The manager needs an assistant that he can count on to take care of problems in his absence. 6.这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。(in the presence of sb.) This is the first time that he has made a speech in the presence of so large an audience. Unit 3 1.你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。(never too... to...) You are never too experienced to learn new techniques. 2.还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。(Use an appositional structure) There remains one problem, namely, who should be sent to head the research there. 3.由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。(meet with) Their relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences. 4.虽然他历经沉浮，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。(ups and downs; all along) Though he has had ups and downs, I believed all along that he would succeed someday. 5.我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。(have reservations about) I have some reservations about the truth of your claim.

Unit 1 1. I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. 我在里德学院读了6个月就退学了，但是作为旁听生又在那里待了18个月左右，然后才真正离开学校。 2.My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. 我的生母是个年轻未婚的研究生，因此她决定把我送给别人收养。 3.It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. 这在当时看来非常可怕，但现在回头看看，那是我做过的最棒的决定之一。 4.And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. 我依照好奇心和直觉做事，大多事后证明是非常值得的。 5.None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. 这一切在我的生活中是否有用，我不抱希望。 1.Every time I saw the straw hat(每当我看到那顶草帽), it reminded me of the tour I made years before 2.This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had(我度过的最美好的时光). 3.I’m honored to attend the closing ceremony of the conference(我很荣幸能参加大会闭幕式) and give you the speech. 4. Bill Clinton has helped to get the two American journalists released and he seems to have a hope of making peace(有希望调解) between North Korea and the US. 5. One friend of mine has decided to quit his/her well-paid but demanding position (辞去那份工资高但要求也高的工作) recently. Unit2 1. However, if that weren’t a popular notion, millions of dollars wouldn’t roll in every time there was a lottery somewhere. 然而，这种想法非常普遍，否则每次彩票抽奖也就不会有数以百万计的美元滚滚而来。 2 .It took him five years to diligently create a business and generate that large sum of money. 他花了5年时间，努力工作，并开办了一家公司，终于赚足了这么一大笔钱。 3.With great disbelief, he stared at his investment of valuable gems, now turned to stones, and wondered what it all meant. 约翰眼睁睁地看着自己投资买来的宝石变成了石头，他难以置信，百思不得其解。 4.The inscription read, “If one achieves this quest, they will have transformed their mind by the use of their faith and will from then on have the power to overcome in all things and nothing will be impossible to them.” 这些文字是：凡历此功成者，必脱胎换骨，身心俱新，无坚不摧，无所不能。 1. Once know as the Pairs of the Middle East(曾经拥有中东巴黎的美誉),this seaside city fell into chaos during Lebanon’s p rolonged civil war.

Unit1B 时值秋夜，在我的故乡新斯科舍，小雨淅沥，轻叩锡铁屋顶。我们周末度假寄住的古老小屋，弥漫着一股霉味。空气寒冷得让人发抖，于是我们点上了富兰克林取暖炉。我们悠然地喝着热朱古力，接着父亲走向立式钢琴，卷起衬衣袖，伸出一指敲一曲。他算不上一个钢琴家，可他知道歌中的情、家中的爱。母亲放下手中的针线活，和他同坐在一条凳子上，然后我哥哥也快缓步走向钢琴。最后，不太能唱歌却能拉拉小提琴的我也凑热闹唱了一两句。 一向体贴人的父亲说：“你看，你也可以唱的，宝贝。唱得很好。”我常常记得成长的过程中感受到的温暖、幸福和关爱。虽然我花了好些年才知道，家人的爱不是凭空产生的。叶 事实上，爱从来就不是凭空产生的，甚至对那些看上去像我父母那样天生充满爱的人来说也一样。但是，我愿打赌，你必须生活于一个构架之中，方能让爱这一无与伦比的礼物瓜熟蒂落。首先，爱需要时间也许人们可以一眼看到爱的可能，见面几周后就郑重宣布“我爱你”等等，但是这样的爱，相当于刚开始爬山，而这漫长的爬山之路充满着起起落落。瓜熟蒂落之爱就像一个有生命的机体。它跟一棵橡树的生命一样，从土里的一粒种子开始，慢慢地长成几乎无叶的细枝，最后枝繁叶茂、足以遮荫，成就其辉煌。我们不可调控或者加速其成长所需的年月，相反，我们必须用才智和耐心，始终欣赏相互间的差异，分享彼此的快乐和痛苦。因此，如果因小怒而离婚，父母孩子相互不信任，在第一次受伤害后中断友谊，或不再相信爱，那是令人痛心的事情。我们常常未经深思熟虑就向某人说“再见”，结果付出了非常昂贵的感情代价。我曾经认识一对父子，他们被各自的生活困难困扰，多年来距离越拉越远，结果相互间几乎没话可说，而相互间没了依靠，他们的生活变得空虚。儿子大学毕业后的那个夏天，打算开着黄色老卡车到连通全国的双车道公路上周游一番（那时还没有免费高速公路）。有一天，在准备出发时，他看见父亲沿着繁忙的街道走来。父亲熟悉的脸上带着的孤苦令他震动。他邀父亲停下来喝杯啤酒。冲动之下，他说：“来吧，爸爸。让我们一块儿度过一个夏天吧。”他父亲是个家具推销商。虽然冒着家里生意受损失的大风险，父亲还是跟儿子走了。他们一道宿营，一道爬山，一道坐在海边，一道探索城市的街道和幽静的乡村。在他们旅行后不久，他父亲告诉我：“在过去的两个月里，我学到的为父之道比我在我儿子成长的21年的岁月里学到的都多。”每个人的生活，都应该为爱的人留出空间，为我们爱的人抽出我们认为抽不出的时间是值得的。我们不应该误导自己，认为我们所爱的人必须像自己一样。关键是认可和欣赏我们间的差异。这些差异使得人们之间的关系有了一丝神秘和新奇。爱也需要另一种更为难得的能力──放手的能力。在我结婚的头几年，我错误地认为我丈夫应该想时刻和我在一起。我们第一次去拜访他家时，我发现他们家的人做事时男的和男的在一起，女的与女的在一起。我公公占了我的位子，坐到前车座我丈夫的旁边。他俩常常一道出去，将我留下和女人们在一起。我向我丈夫抱怨，让他夹在他所爱的人当中，痛苦不堪。我婆婆说得好：“和父亲在一起是他生活的一部分；和你在一起是另一部分。你对二者都该感到高兴啊。”我明白，爱就像根松紧带，在它将你们紧紧拉在一起之前，必须先松开。爱又像涌来的潮水，一浪过后先退却一点，下一浪才会比前一浪离你的心更近。 最后，爱需要言语来实现。没有言语，争吵不能得到解决，这样我们就失去了分享自己生活意义的能力。重要的是承认并表达自己的情感。这样，我们才能真正使我们自己和我们所爱的人兴高采烈。爱不是一次性的行为，而是一生的探索。我们总是在这种探索中学习、发现和成长。一次失败不能毁灭爱，一次亲吻也不能赢得爱。唯有耐心和理解才能得到爱。 Unit3 B 以国家为背景探讨解决问题或做出决策的方式就意味着研究许多复杂的文化因素。 它意味着设法评估这些因素对现代生活的影响，也意味着把握目前正在发生的变化。 在日本，最重要的是你为什么单位工作。在对取向或决策过程进行分析时，这一点尤为重要。