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《英汉翻译基础教程》 笔记及习题(段落翻译)【圣才出品】

《英汉翻译基础教程》 笔记及习题(段落翻译)【圣才出品】
《英汉翻译基础教程》 笔记及习题(段落翻译)【圣才出品】

第5单元段落翻译

5.1 复习笔记

语段是篇章的基本结构单位。语段亦称句群或句子组合,是大于句子的语言片段。

一、英汉段落比较

英语段落的构成大致可分为两类:(1)“主题句——阐述句——总结句”的结构;(2)利用连词体现各种句际关系,并以某一中心思想统领的形散神聚结构。

汉语段落通常都围绕一个较为含蓄的中心思想展开的。在一个语段中,汉语句子一般按时间顺序排列。汉语句群可先总论或分说,也可先分说后总论,加上“总之”等词语。

二、逻辑关联

翻译过程中,逻辑思维对于翻译的理解、分析、表达及译文校正等都很重要。

英语是一种“形合语言”(a Language of Hypotaxis),所以英语重逻辑性。一般说来,英语句子逻辑标志(1ogic markers)非常明显,即用连接词来明示其逻辑关系。

But occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long.

【译文】但是,偶尔也有这种情况,由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造成错误,结果当天停业结算时,有的出纳会短了现金而另一个却会多了现金。

三、顺序调整

在英汉互译中,根据语篇的需要,进行语序的调整。例:

It was no burden to me but a relief to dictate from my general body of knowledge acquired at the summit full explanations to one I know so well.

【译文】根据我在峰会所获得的全部知识来对我所深知的人作全面说明,这并不是一种负担,而是使我如释重负。

5.2 课后习题详解

课内练习1 逻辑关联

段落翻译

1. Self-esteem is feeling worthy and able to meet life’s challenges. It is as essential as the air we breathe, and just as intangible. It comes from the depths of our core, yet it is reflected in every outward action we take, grand or small. It is the essence from which we measure our worth and the most important building block in the foundation of our intangible.

【提示】meet life’s challenges可译为“接受人生/生活的挑战”;from the depths of our core可译为“来源于我们的心灵深处”;in every outward action we take, grand or small更需要意译,可考虑译为“一举一动”。

【答案】自尊自重是相信自身价值并能接受人生挑战。它就像我们呼吸的空气一样,看似无形却是不可或缺的。它源自心深处,体现在我们外在的一举一动中,不论庄重盛大还是

谨小慎微的。它是衡量我们自身价值的本质所在,也是我们形成自身无形价值最重要的奠基石。

2. We do not seem to realize that very little excellence is achieved by living a well-balanced life. Edison, Ford, Einstein, Freud all had single-minded devotion to work whereby they sacrificed many things, including family and friendship. The accusation is made that workaholics bear guilt by not being good parents or spouses. But guilt can exist in balanced life also. Consider how many “normal”people find, at middle-age, that they have never done anything well—they are going to settle for less than what they could have become.

【提示】very little excellence is achieved by living a well-balanced life可译为“取得卓越的成就很少是通过四平八稳的生活实现的”。settle for less than what they could have become必须加以引申进行意译,如译为“他们原本可以有所作为,但现在却只能就此罢休。”

【答案】我们似乎尚未认识到,在各方面兼顾的生活中很难取得杰出的成就。爱迪生、福特、爱因斯坦和弗洛伊德都是一心一意地投入到工作中,为此他们牺牲了很多东西,包括家庭和友谊。有人指责工作狂说他们应为没有做好父母或配偶而感到内疚。但是在平衡的生活中也存在着罪恶感。想想有多少的“正常”人发现,人到中年什么事也没有做好——他们没有取得本应取得的成就而只能得过且过。

3. One of the generalities most often noted about Americans is that we are a restless, a dissatisfied, a searching people. We bridle and buck under failure, and we

go mad with dissatisfaction in the face of success. We spend our time searching for security, and hate it when we get it. For the most part we are an intemperate people: we eat too much when we can, drink too much, indulge our senses too much. Even in our so-called virtues we are intemperate: a teetotaler is not content not to drink—he must stop all the drinking in the world; a vegetarian among us would outlaw the eating of meat. We work too hard, and many die under the strain; and then to make up for that we play with a violence as suicidal.

【提示】a restless,a dissatisfied,a searching people可译为“生性好动、从不满足、乐于探索”;go mad with dissatisfaction in the face of success可译为“面对成功,我们却不满足,表现出烦躁不安”;hate it when we get it可译为“一旦获得却对此感到厌倦”;indulge, our senses too much可译为“纵情声色”。

【答案】最常被注意到的美国人的共性是,我们是一个躁动、不知足、勤于探索的民族。我们愤恨失败、不认输,纵然成功了也发疯般地不满足。我们花时间寻求安全感,但得到之后又厌恶它。多数情况下,我们是一个放纵的民族:能吃能喝的时候,吃太多,喝太多,太纵容我们的感官。即使我们所谓的高尚的品德,也同样是放纵的。禁酒者们并不满足于自己涓滴不沾,他们还一定要在世界范围内禁酒。而素食者们则志在从法律上取缔食肉习惯。我们拼命工作,许多人死于过度劳累;为了补偿这一点,我们又自杀般地拼命玩。

4. A good companion is better than a fortune, for a fortune cannot purchase those elements of character which make companionship a blessing. The best companion is one who is wiser and better than ourselves, for we are inspired by his wisdom and virtue to nobler deeds. Greater wisdom and goodness than we possess

lifts us higher mentally and morally.

【提示】for a fortune cannot purchase those elements of character which make companionship a blessing这句话应根据上下文变通翻译,不应受原文外形的限制,可译为“因为财富买不到交友中使你受益的那些宝贵的东西”。

【答案】一个好友胜过一笔财富,因为财富买不到交友中使你受益的那些宝贵的东西。最好的朋友是那些比我们更睿智且更出色的人,他们的智慧和美德会激发我们去做更高尚的事情。他们有着比我们更多的智慧和更高尚的情操,可以在精神上和道德上将我们带入一个新的境界。

5. We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a p erson’s knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to devise anything more efficient and reliable than examination. For all the pious claim that examinations test what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite. They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person’s true ability and aptitude.

【提示】翻译第一句时应侧重于语篇考虑,基本意思是:别的学科都有惊人的进展,唯有考试方式没有什么改变。they more often do the exact opposite可译为“实际情况常常与之相反”。

【答案】我们会对各个研究领域所取得的进步而感到惊讶。但是,测试人们知识和能力的方法却仍然一成不变。这么多年来,教育家们仍没能设计出比考试更可靠、更有效的方法,

这真的太奇怪了。尽管人们一再声称考试可以测试你的知识。然而,众所周知的是,实际情形正好相反。用来测试记忆力,或测试人们在很大的压力下快速学习的技能,考试也许是一种有效的方法,但它绝不可能测试出一个人的真实能力。

课内练习2 顺序调整

段落翻译

1. Recently psychologists have found only about two percent of adults use their creativity, compared with ten percent of seven-year-old children. When five-year-olds were tested, the result soared to ninety percent! The findings set off many people thinking. Curiosity and originality are daily occurrences for the small child, but somehow most of us lose the freedom and flexibility of the child as we grow older. The need to follow “directions”and “do-it-right”, plus the many societal constraints we put on ourselves, prevent us from using our creative potential.

【提示】set off…think ing可译为“引起……思考,发人深省”;daily occurrences宜译为动词词组;prevent us from using our creative potential需要引申翻译,如译为“使我们无法发挥自己的创造潜力”。

【答案】最近,心理学家们发现,在使用创造力方面成人只占2%,而在7岁的儿童中竟有10%。如果在5岁的儿童中进行测试,这个数字则飙升到了90%。这些发现发人深省。好奇心和创造性每天都会发生在小孩子子的身上,但当我们逐渐长大时,我们中的大多数人都丧失了孩童时的那种自由和灵活。“按指示去做”,“按正确的去做”,以及种种社会的清规

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3)包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩,味道鲜美,形状独特,百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗,寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说,“更岁交子”吃饺子,更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。 五、针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理论,针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血,来达到阴阳归于平衡,使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位,或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位,以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势,流传至今并传播到了世界,与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。 六、中国功夫即中国武术,是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目,承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说,同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多,讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修,蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺,主要指:徒手拳艺,如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等;器械功夫,如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。 七、汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画,经过不断演变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中

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英汉互译教程总复习 1.Joint military exercises have increased in the region, to the detriment of trust between countries. 联合军事演习在本地区有增无减,不利于国家间建立信任。 2.This old man gets up and goes to bed with the sun everyday. 这位老翁每天黎明即起,日落而息。 3.A nearby object falling into a black hole is never heard of again. 附近的天体一旦落入黑洞,就会销声匿迹。 4.我们应该抢时间赶任务。 We should work against the clock. 5.These hospital expenses made inroads on my savings. 这些住院费耗掉了我大部分积蓄。 6.They killed a bottle of Kaoliang between them. 他们二人对酌,把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净。 7.When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. 一拿起书本,他们可都成了睁眼瞎了。 8.Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 9.人们笑贫不笑娼。 People ridicule poverty but not prostitutes. 10. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。 11.They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼着命地逃跑。 12.People were born survivors. 人的生存能力是与生俱来的。 13.这个环境工程是个“民心工程”。 The environment-friendly project is a “popularity-winning” project. 14. 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的,非下苦功夫不可。 The mastery of a language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 15. 会议开得冷冷清清,有时甚至开不下去了。 The meetings were marked by such absence of living discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. 16. They pay lip-service to education but don’t work for better schools. 他们口惠而实不至,口口声声支持教育,却又不肯为改善学校条件做一些实际工作。 17.Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade. 失业人数高居不下,已经十多个年头了。 18.有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫生大扫除活动的死角。 Some toilets seem immune to the clean-up campaign. 19. 这个摊贩叫卖道:“快来买呀,过了这村可没这个店啦。” The street peddler hawked, “Now or never!” 20. Why carry coals to Newcastle? 何必多此一举? 21.You’re just teaching your grandmother how to suck eggs. 你这是在班门弄斧。 22.His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness. 主人对他的冷淡使他更加不自在。 23.I could have laughed to hear him talk like this.

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