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跨文化交际与翻译真题·

跨文化交际与翻译真题·
跨文化交际与翻译真题·

跨文化交际与翻译真题2015.6.5临床专业

一、案例分析(答题说明:每题10分,合计10.0分。)

1. Situation: Two Americans, Bill and Tony, are talking about Tony’s unhappy experience with his Chinese college.

Bill: Hi, Tony. How’re you doing?

Tony: Fine. Just got back from visiting the home of one of my Chinese colleagues.

Bill: Oh, have a good time?

Tony: Oh yes, very good. Mind you, I was bit hurt about the way they treated my present. You see, I know they like western music so I brought them back some of the latest tapes from the UK. Had them all wrapped up beautifully and gave them to them as soon as I got inside the door and what do you think happened?

Bill: What?

Tony: Nothing. Well, more or less, they said thank you but then just put them away in a corner. Didn’t even bother to unwrap them. I must say I felt a bit miffed after all the trouble I’d taken.

参考答案:答题点:Gift giving in the West

三、跨文化单选(答题说明:每题1分,合计15.0分。)

C22. Cathy is talking to her friends Bill and Tod outside the cinema. Cathy: Well, what did you think of the film, then?

Bill: Oh, I thought it was great. Didn’t you think so?

Tod:

A) Well, maybe.

B) No, I don’t like it.

C) Yes, in a way. But I’ve seen better.

D) Yes. I dare say you’re right. But I’ve seen better.

D23. At Samantha’s flat, Ruth has just told Sandy that she is really fed up with her present job.

Sandy: Well, Ruth, maybe you ought to try and get another one. It shouldn’t be too hard for someone like you.

Ruth:Yes, I could do that, I suppose. Well, I can think about it anyway. Sandy:

A) Yes, you do that.

B) That’s the spirit.

C) That’s your way out.

D) Good.

D24. Beth is talking to her friend, Brenda.

Beth: I wonder if you’d mind posting this letter for me on your way home, Brenda?

Brenda:

A) You’re welcome.

B) I don’t care.

C) I don’t mind.

D) Sure.

A25. Situation: Xiao Ma is an interpreter. One day a foreign visitor, Mr Yoder, talks to him.

Yoder: Your English is quite fluent.

Ma:

A) Thank y ou. It’s kind of you to say so.

B) No, no, my English is poor.

C) No, not at all.

D) Oh, no. Far from that, I still have a long way to go.

B26. Betty is a foreign student in China. She has met Zheng Yu.

Betty: I was told that you won the 100-meter race in the all city track meet this morning. Congratulations!

Zheng Yu:

A) Just lucky.

B) Thank you.

C) I can’t say I did well this morning.

D) I could have done better if it hadn’t been so cold.

B27. Your friend’s mother, Mrs Yoder, asked if you would like something to eat. What would you say to refuse politely?

A) Not for the moment, thank you, Mrs Yoder. I’m full.

B) No, thanks, I’ve just had lunch.

C) Oh, no, Mrs Yoder. I haven’t long had lunch.

D) I’m full and have no room for any more.

A28. MrTimms has arrived for a meeting which, unfortunately, has been cancelled.

Mrs Banks: I’m terribly sorry about not letting you know sooner, MrTimmes, but unfortunately it was cancelled at the last minute and there simply wasn’t enough time to inform everyone.

MrTimms:

A) Oh, don’t let it worry you, Mrs Banks. I quite understand.

B) Oh, that’s OK, Mrs Banks. I understand.

C) Oh, it doesn’t matter, Mrs Banks.

D) Oh, don’t worry about it, Mrs Banks.

B29. If you are attending a family gathering and would like to know what the familial relationship is between one member and another, you may ask:

A) Is he your…?

B) How are you related?

C) Who’s that woman?

D) What’s the relationship between you and that woman?

A30. On the way to the school cinema, Li saw Professor Blake walking to the cinema, too.

Li:

A) Good afternoon, Professor Blake.

B) Are you going to the film?

C) Where are you going?

D) You’re going to the film, aren’t you?

A31. When introducing yourself to someone you don’t know at a party, what would you say?

A) Hi, I’m …

B) May I introduce myself to you and at the same time I make your acquaintance7

C) Hi, I’d like to meet you.

D) Hi, I’m … Do you know many people here?

B32. Jack phones Xiao Song’s office.

Jack: Hello, I’d like to speak to Song Hua, please.

Song:

A) I’m Song Hua.

B) This is Song Hua speaking.

C) This is me.

D) It’s me here.

D33. You’ve just been asked out to dinner but you don’t want to go with the person who invited you. You might say:

A) I don’t think so. I already have plans.

B) No, I really don’t enjoy being with you.

C) I’m dieting so I mustn’t go out to eat.

D) Thanks a lot but I’m busy tonight.

B34. Lucy met his teacher, Mrs South, outside the library.

Lucy: Good morning, Lucy. How are you?

Mrs South: Very well, thank you, Lucy, and how are you?

Lucy:

A) Oh, can’t complain.

B) I’m very well, too, thank you.

C) Same old thing.

D) OK.

B35. Mr Green’s secretary, Pat Kent, went to the airport to meet Mr Barnes for her boss.

What would Miss Kent say when she meet Mr Barnes?

A) Excuse me, would you be Mr Barnes?

B) Are you Mr Barnes?

C) Excuse me, would you please tell me if you are Mr Barnes?

D) You are Mr Barnes, aren’t you?

A36. Patrick is sitting in a car with some friends. He has just asked if anyone minds him smoking. One of the friends in the car, Gillian, is allergic to smoke. What would she say?

A) Would you mind if I said no, Patrick?

B) Can’t you stay without smoking?

C) It’s not OK.

D) No, of course not.

43-47 题共用题干:

Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb翘起拇指表示搭乘through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.

Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C resp ectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged. The world’s t hree top central bankers are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters, as are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).

Can this merely be coincidence?One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets

in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So shortsighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.

The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, and lists of conference speakers: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

A43. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA cars and Zodiac ears?

A)A kind of overlooked被忽略的inequality.

B)A type of conspicuous bias.

C)A type of personal prejudice.

D)A kind of brand discrimination.

D44. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?

A)In both East and West, names are essential to success.

B)The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.

C)Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.

D)Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.

C45. The 4th paragraph suggests that ______.

A)questions are often put to the more intelligent students

B)alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class

C)teachers should pay attention to all of their students

D)students should be seated according to their eyesight

B46. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” in Paragraph 5?

A)They are getting impatient.

B)They are noisily dozing off. 睡觉打鼾

C)They are feeling humiliated.

D)They are busy with word puzzles.

D47. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A)People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated. B)VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.

C)The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go. D)Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.

48-52 题共用题干:

What the dream-phantasy does with the physical stimuli cannot be regarded as purposeful. The phantasy plays a tantalizing game with them, and represents the organic source of the stimuli of the dream in question

by any sort of plastic symbolism. Indeed, Scherner holds that the dream-phantasy has a certain favorite symbol for the organism as a whole: namely, the house. Fortunately, however, for its representations, it does not seem to limit itself to this material; it may also employ a whole series of houses to designate a single organ; for example, very long streets of houses for the intestinal stimulus. In other dreams particular parts of the house may actually represent particular regions of the body, as in the headache-dream, when the ceiling of the room (which the dream sees covered with disgusting toad-like spiders)represents the head.

Quite apart from the symbol of the house, any other suitable object may be employed to represent those parts of the body which excite the dream. Thus the breathing lungs find their symbol in the flaming stove with its windy roaring, the heart in hollow chests and baskets, the bladder in round, ball-shaped, or simply hollow objects. It is particularly noteworthy that at the end of such a physically stimulated dream the phantasy, as it were, unmasks itself by representing the exciting organ or its function unconcealed. Thu s the “tooth-excited dream” usually ends with the dreamer taking a tooth out of his mouth.

The dream-phantasy may, however, direct its attention not merely to the form of the exciting organ, but may even make the substance contained therein the object of symbolization. Thus, for example, the dream excited by the intestinal stimuli may lead us through muddy streets,

the dream due to stimuli from the bladder to foaming water. Or the stimulus as such, the nature of its excitation, and the object which it covets, are represented symbolically. Or, again, the dream-ego enters into a concrete association with the symbolization of its own state; as, for example, when in the case of painful stimuli we struggle desperately with vicious dogs or raging bulls. Disregarding all the possible lengthiness of elaboration, a phantastic symbolizing activity remains as the central force of every dream.

B48. The dream-phantasy tends to represent the organism as a whole by ______.

A)a symbol B)a house C)a street D)a symbol

A49. According to the passage, which symbolization is probable in a dream?

A)a ceiling covered with spiders represents a head.

B)spiders represent a room.

C)roaring wind represents a breathing lung.

D)a ball represents a heart in chest.

C50. According to the passage, at the end of a physically stimulated dream, ______.

A)the dreamer dreams to take a tooth out of his mouth

B)the dreamer dreams to take off his mask

C)the phantasy usually reveals which organ excited the dream

D)the phantasy becomes very clear and exciting

D51. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A)Dreams can be excited by the intestinal stimuli.

B)The dream-phantasy may not direct its attention to the exciting organ. C)Vicious dogs or raging bulls are commonly seen in bad dreams.

D)When we dream of foaming water, we may be feeling unwell in bladder.

A52. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A)The dream-phantasy, physical stimuli and symbolization.

B)The dream-phantasy plays an interesting game with physical stimuli. C)Parts of the body excite the dream.

D)Phantasy is the central force of dreams.

53-57 题共用题干:

In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery”—feeling important and worth-while, and the sources of what we call a sense “pleasure”—finding life enjoyable are not always identical. Women often are told “You can’t have it all.” Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: “You chose a career, so you can’t expect to

ha ve closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have a wonderful husband and children—What’s all this about wanting a career?” But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.

Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two dimensions. One is mastery, which includes self-esteem, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the “doing” side of life, to work and activi ty. Pleasure is the other dimensions, and it is composed of happiness, satisfaction and optimism. It is tied more closely to the “feeling” side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa. For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.

The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and remedy past mistakes. In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are critical. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study, all the groups of employed women rated significantly higher in mastery than did women who were not employed.

A woman’s well-being is enhanced when she takes on multiple roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of roles—marriages, motherhood, and employment were the highest in well-being, despite warnings about stress and strain.

D53. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ______.

A)for women, a se nse of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure”

B)for women, a sense of “pleasure” is more important than a sense of “mastery”

C)women can’t have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same time

D)a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both indispensable to women

B54. The author’s attitude towards women having a career is ______. A)critical B)positive C)neutral D)realistic

D55. One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles, ______.

A)it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strain

B)she will be more successful in her career

C)her chances of getting promoted will be greater

D)her life will be richer and more meaningful

A56. Which of the followin g can be identified as a source of “pleasure” for women?

A)Family life.

B)Regular employment.

C)Multiple roles in society.

D)Freedom from anxiety.

C57. The most appropriate title for the passage would be “______”.

A)The Well-being of Career Women

B)Sources of Mastery and Pleasure

C)Two Aspects of Women’s Well-being

D)Freedom Roles Women in Society

案例分析范围:

gift giving,ethnicentrism,self reliance,polite invitation,attitude toward compliment ,democracy,都在课件上或者课本上出现过。

红皮书只要看UNIT3,4,5,8,10

案例分析只要答到点子上就给分,所以把几个维度判断出来就行了

跨文化单选题

1.The following are the features of Polychronic time system多样的时间系统EXCEPT

A.Do many things at a time

B. Are committed to people and human relationship

C. Be concerned about not disturbing others

D. Base promptness on the relationship

monochronic 就是指把工作时间和生活分的很清楚,一短时间只会专注一个任务,都是很注重准时的。而polychronic 就是指对平常日程比较随意,以一个整体的观念看待时间,可能在拉丁美人,中东人,或非洲人里常见

2.The following are the features of monochromic time system EXCEPT

A.do one thing at a time

B. concentrate on the job.

C. strong tendency to build lifetime relationships

D. emphasize promptness

3.Which of the following does NOT belong to the category of concepts?

A.right or wrong

B. God and man

C. ethics

D. antibiotics

4.Which of the following is an appropriate description of European

American worldview about the nature of time?

A.past- oriented

B. Present- oriented

C. nature-oriented

D. future-oriented

5.Which of the following is the most appropriate description for Chinese way of expression?

A. explicit

B. unambiguous

C. direct

D. implicit

6.The study of pragmatics focuses on ______.

A.how language is actually used

B.The study of the relationship between words and what they stand for or represent.

C.The meaning of words

D.the relationship for words to one another

7.In addition to cognitive, what is conveyed through communication?

A.affective content

B. body language

C. paralanguage

D. environment language

8.What is connotative含蓄的meaning of a word?

A. public and objective meaning

B. emotionally charged meaning

C. literal meaning

D. what the word refer to in real life

9.Which of the following is a characteristic of nonverbal communication?

A.conscious

B. culture-specific

C. universal

D. pervasive

10.What is the communication style of Americans?

A. high-context

B. low-context

C. implicit

D. indirect

1.Xiao Wang meets Peter at the airport and says to him:”Morning, Peter!”In this case, the source of information is______

A.”Morning,Peter!”

B. Peter

C. the airport

D. Xiao Wang

2.Speaker’s meaning in a face-to-face communication refers to ______

A.the associative meaning words have

B.What what is said normally means

C.What the hearer has understood on the basis of what is said

D.What the speaker has intended to convey in what is said

3.When you are invited for a western meal, you’re offered second helping but you have already had enough. What would you say?”______”

A.Oh, thanks. That tastes awful.

B.No, I don’t want that.

C.That was delicious but I’ve already had plenty, thanks

D.No, I don’t like it

4.Most Americans see themselves as separate _______, not as representatives of a family, community or other group.

A.independence

B. customers

C. individuals

D. cultures

5.Unlike in China, the kin terms used for relatives do not distinguish between____ relatives in Britain. Kinship term.

A. internal and external

B. maternal and paternal

C. old and young

D. male and female

6.Nowadays in America, acquaintances usually call each other_____

A. Sir or Madam

B. by their first name

C.by their last name

D. Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms

7.Guests invited to dinner in the West frequently bring______of wine.

A.a bottle of wine

B. a beautiful printing

C. a piece of skirt

D. a coupon

8.Which doesn’t belong to the group in a cross-cultural situation?

A.Social values

B. Facial expressions

C. Head movements

D. Body contact

9.”Quit beating around the bush!If you don’t want to go with me,just tell me!”

A.hitting around the trees

B.cheating me

C.telling a lie

D.giving me the direct answer

10.Everyone liked the host at the very beginning of show.Yet it turned out that he was chattering all the time and the audience became impatience on him.

A.a real bear

B.a real dog

C.a real fish

D.a real magpie喜鹊

1._______is the process of putting ideas into symbols.

A.message

B. receiver response

C. decoding

D. encoding译成电码

跨文化交际与翻译

Intercultural communication and translation Intercultural communication mainly refers to the communication between the native speakers and non-native speakers, as well as the communication between people who differ in any aspect of language or culture background. Due to the differences in surroundings, societies and religions of different ethnic groups, each language community results in its own code of language, social culture, customs and practices and so on. Intercultural communication studies situations when people from different culture backgrounds interact. Aside from language, IC focuses on social attributes, thought patterns and the cultures of different groups of people. IC also involves understanding the different cultures, languages and customs of people from other countries. There are three formats of IC: interracial communication (when source and receiver are different races), interethnic communication (situation in which the parties are of the same race but of different ethnic origins) and intracultural communication (communication between members of the same culture including racial, ethnic and other co-cultures). The term translation itself has several meanings: it can refer to the general subject field, the product (the text that has been translated) or the process (the act of producing the translation, otherwise known as translating). The process of translating between two different written languages involves the translator changing an original written text (the source text) in the original verbal language (the source language) into a written text (the target text) in a different verbal language (the target language). This type corresponds to “interlingual translation” and is one of the three Roman Jakobson in his seminal paper. Jakobson’s categories are: 1. Intralingual translation, or “rewording”– an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language; 2. Interlingual translation, or “translation proper”–an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language; 3. Intersemiotic translation, or “transmutation”– an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems. Intralingual translation would occur when we rephrase an expression or text in the same language to explain or clarify something we might have said or written. Intersemiotic translation would occur if a written text were translated, for example, into music, film or painting. It is interlingual translation which is the traditional, although by no means exclusive, focus of translation studies. It is easily seen that the three forms of intercultural communication and the three types of translation are partly corresponding to each other, especially interracial communication and interlingual translation which both attach attention on the communication between native and non-native, and where different cultures of different countries play more important role. To conduct effective intercultural communication, one has to understand the differences between the different nations and then to look for them and pay attention to in every cross-cultural communication situation. By doing this, the high-context communicators can learn to use and respond words, emotions, postures differently, and low-context communicators can learn to

(完整版)新编跨文化交际英语教程翻译1-10单元

1 Translation 纵观历史,我们可以清楚地看到,人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异,而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。在这种情况下,跨文化交际作为一个特定的研究领域得以形成和发展。值得注意的是,人类文明在发展过程中所遭受的许多挫折,既是个人的,又是全球性的;人类历史进程总是充满了个人间的直接冲突和民族间的误解——从骂骂咧咧到孤立主义直至到武装冲突,大大小小争端不绝。 很显然,文化间以及亚文化间的交往比以前多了,这迫切要求我们共同努力,去理解有着不同信仰和文化背景的人们,并与之和睦相处。通过加深认识和理解,我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处;这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定,也是维护世界和平的决定性因素。 2 Translation 文化有时候被称为我们的心智程序,我们“头脑的软件”。但是,我们可以进一步引申这个用电脑所做的类比,把文化看作是支持运行的操作环境。文化就像电脑使用的DOS或者Unix或者“视窗”(Windows)等操作系统一样,使我们能在各种各样的实际应用中处理信息。用“视窗”这个比喻来描述文化似乎也很有吸引力。文化就是我们心灵的视窗,透过它我们审视生活的方方面面。一个社会中不同个体的视窗是不大一样的,但都有着一些重要的共同特征。 文化就好像是鱼畅游于其中的水一般,人们想当然地把文化看成是客观存在的事实,因而很少去研究它。文化存在于我们所呼吸的空气之中,文化对于我们了解我们自身之为何物是必不可少的,就正如生命离不开空气一样。文化是特定群体的共有财产,而不单是个体的特征。社会按照文化设定的程序运作,这种程序来自于相似的生活体验以及对这种生活体验之含义的相似阐释。 如果文化是一种心智程序,那么它也是现实的心灵地图。从我们很小的时候开始,文化就告诉我们应该看重什么、偏好什么、规避什么和做些什么,文化还告诉我们事物应该是什么样。文化为我们提供超越个体经验可能的理想典范,帮助我们决定应该优先考虑的人或事。文化为我们建立起行为准则,并视遵守这些准则的行为为正当、合法。 3 Translation 43

最新中文地址如何翻译成英文(精)

5栋 Building No.5 ----------- 请看相关资料 翻译原则:先小后大。 中国人喜欢先说小的后说大的,如 **区 **路 **号 而外国人喜欢先说大的后说小的,如 **号 **路 **区,因此您在翻译时就应该先写小的后写大的 . 中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小, 如:X 国 X 省 X 市 X 区 X 路 X 号, 而英文地址则刚好相反, 是由小到大。如上例写成英文就是:X 号, X 路, X 区, X 市, X 省, X 国。掌握了这个原则,翻译起来就容易多了! X 室 Room X X 号 No. X X 单元 Unit X X 号楼 Building No. X X 街 X Street X 路 X Road X 区 X District X 县 X County X 镇 X Town

X 市 X City X 省 X Province 请注意:翻译人名、路名、街道名等,最好用拼音。 中文地址翻译范例: 宝山区示范新村 37号 403室 Room 403, No. 37, SiFang Residential Quarter, BaoShan District 虹口区西康南路 125弄 34号 201室 Room 201, No. 34, Lane 125, XiKang Road(South, HongKou District 473004河南省南阳市中州路 42号李有财 Li Youcai Room 42 Zhongzhou Road, Nanyang City Henan Prov. China 473004 434000湖北省荆州市红苑大酒店李有财 Li Youcai Hongyuan Hotel Jingzhou city Hubei Prov. China 434000 473000河南南阳市八一路 272号特钢公司李有财

大学生跨文化交际 U2Pa课文翻译定稿2014

Unit 2 Passage A 1. 中国的核心价值与儒家思想有关,儒家思想的道德准则是对人际关系中道德品质的总结,孔子就用它来夫妇有别,长幼有序,朋友有信。”在两千多年的封建统治时期,统治阶级用这五伦来处理每件事,这就形成了一个分级的社会,即臣忠于君,子孝于亲的社会。 2. 在英国文艺复兴时期,人们开始强调人的尊严以及现实生活的重要性。他们提倡人不仅有享受美好生活的权利,更要具备完善自己和创造奇迹的能力。这就是人文主义的基本理念。自那以后,人们开始尊重人性,随即有发展出了我们今日称之为“自由”的思想,即民主。 3. 以美国为例,优秀的个人价值观就是独立、努力以及生活成功、个人成就与乐于助人三方面实现平衡。就社会价值观而言,美国人在这6方面领先:言论自由、个人自由、个人权利、公开争论、独立思考和。而中国的价值观则提倡努力工作、尊重学习、诚实守信、独立自由和持久忍耐。亚洲人值得推崇的6个社会价值观是社会有序、和谐一致、政府问责、开拓思路、言论自由和尊重权威。 4. 与美国人不同的是,东亚人通常更尊重权威,赞誉社会有序,可与他们一致的是亚洲人也尊重新观念,政府问责及言论自由。 5. 中西方文化的不同与个人主义和集体主体文化密不可分。 6. 个人主义就是人们注重个体、强调个体需要。一般来说,西方文化倾向于个人主义。 7. 集体主义文化即把自身当作是集体(家庭、单位、部落、国家)的一员,一般认为集体的需要高于个体。大多数亚洲文化,包括中国在内,倾向于集体主义。 8.个人主义是指在一个社会里个人权利是首要的。大多数西方人士认为每个人都有自己独立的身份和人格,这应该得到认可并强化。因此,如果不理解个人主义,则无法理解西方的文化和西方人。唯有理解了个人主义,我们才能明白西方人对家庭、友谊和隐私的看法。个人主义的核心是追求个人利益和成就,作为一项社会的基本品质,它被高度地重视,并被人们真心铭记和认真领会。 9. 在基督教的传统文化中,个人主义不但对彼此重要,而且对社会对上帝都重要。个人主义从他们的祖先那里传承下来,因而对西方人而言,个人主义不是自私而是正直。他们如此重视个人主义,以至于他们认为如果有人不去实践个人主义,那就是错的行为。“自助者天助”,从这句谚语我们可以看出西方人对个人主义的态度。可是对中国人来说,个人主义是贬义词,是利己主义,它就意味着自私的人品和散漫的纪律。 10.传统的中国信条,尤其是儒家思想,欣赏集体主义。它强调群体合作,强调个体的成功归功于单位、组织或社团全体成员的共同努力。中国人认为为了集体而牺牲个人利益是非常高尚的品质,继而谦逊待人、善解人意的品质也受到高度赞扬。 11. 让我们从这两个事例来看文化的基本差异:学校 学校的组织形式可以看出集体主义和个人主义文化的差异。例,中国的中学、甚至大学,学生通常群体组合,他们被编成班,所有同班同学学习同一课程。相反,美国高中和大学的学生都是个体的组合,他们通常根据自己的兴趣至少选择几门课程,因此他们经常到不同的班级上不同的课,也没有类似中国的“班” 12. 另一个集体主义和个人主义区别的例子就是宴会。比如,在中国,宴会通常是大家围坐在一起享受美食或观赏节目,有的观看,有的会亲自参与节目。相反,美国典型的宴会就是鸡尾酒会。在晚会中大家成双成对,或三五成群一起聊天,间或走动走动,换换聊天对象。 13.下面是西方个人主义文化和集体主义文化更具体的区别。

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How I want to see you, have a look you changed recently, no longer said once, just greetings, said one to you, just say the word, long time no see. 我多么想和你见一面,看看你最近的改变,不再去说从前,只是寒暄,对你说一句,只说这一句,好久不见。 In fact, not wine, but when the thought of drinking the unbearable past. 其实酒不醉人,只是在喝的时候想起了那不堪的过去。 The wind does not know clouds drift, day not know rain down, eyes do not understand the tears of weakness, so you don't know me 风不懂云的漂泊,天不懂雨的落魄,眼不懂泪的懦弱,所以你不懂我 Some people a lifetime to deceive people, but some people a lifetime to cheat a person 有些人一辈子都在骗人,而有些人用一辈子去骗一个人 Alone and lonely, is always better than sad together 独自寂寞,总好过一起悲伤 You are my one city, one day, you go, my city, also fell 你是我的一座城,有一天,你离开了,我的城,也就倒了。

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2.英文通信地址常用翻译 201室/房 Room 201 二单元 Unit 2 马塘村MatangVallage 一号楼/栋 Building 1

华为科技公司 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. xx公司 xx Corp. / xx Co., Ltd. 宿舍 Dormitory 厂 Factory 楼/层 Floor 酒楼/酒店 Hotel 住宅区/小区 Residential Quater 县 County 甲/乙/丙/丁 A/B/C/D 镇 Town 巷/弄 Lane 市 City 路 Road(也简写作Rd.,注意后面的点不能省略) 一环路 1st Ring Road 省 Province(也简写作Prov.) 花园 Garden 院 Yard 街 Street/Avenue 大学 College/University 信箱 Mailbox 区 District A座 Suite A 广场 Square 州 State 大厦/写字楼 Tower/Center/Plaza 胡同 Alley(北京地名中的条即是胡同的意思) 中国部分行政区划对照 自治区 Autonomous Region 直辖市 Municipality 特别行政区 Special Administration Region 简称SAR

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新编跨文化交际课后翻译中英对照

Translation1 The growth of intercultural communication as a field of study is based on a view of history that clearly demonstrates people and cultures have been troubled by a persistent inability to understand and get along with groups and societies removed by space, ideology, appearance, and behavior from their own. What is intriguing about many of human civilization’s failure is that they appear to be personal as well as global. The story of humankind is punctuated with instances of face-to-face conflicts as well as international misunderstanding--major and minor quarrels that range from simple name-calling to isolationism tr even armed conflict. It is obvious that increases contact with other cultures and subcultures make it imperative for us to make a concerted effort to understand and get along with people whose beliefs and backgrounds may be vastly different from our own. The ability, through increased awareness and understanding, to peacefully coexist with people who do not necessarily share our lifestyles or values could benefit us not only in our own neighborhoods but could be the decisive factor in maintaining would peace. 纵观历史,我们可以清楚地看到,各民族与文化由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异,而长久无法互相理解,无法和睦相处。在这种情况下,跨文化交际作为一个特定的研究领域得以形成和发展。值得注意的是,人类文明在发展过程中所遭受的许多挫折,既是个人的,又是全球性的;人类历史进程总是充满了个人间的直接冲突和民族间的误解--从骂骂咧咧到孤立主义甚至到武装冲突,大大小小争端不绝。 很显然,文化间以及亚文化间的交往日益增多,这迫切要求我们共同努力,去理解与我们有着天壤之别信仰和文化背景的人们,并与之和睦相处。通过加深认识和理解,我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处;这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定,也是维护世界和平的决定性因素。 Translation 2 Culture is something referred to as our mental programming, our “software of the mind.”But we can take that computer analogy further and say that culture is the operating environment that enables software programs to run. Culture is like DOS or Unix or Windows:it is what enables us to process information in various specific applications. The metaphor of windows seems to be very appealing to describe culture:culture is a mental set of windows through which all of life is viewed. It varies from individual to individual within a society, but it shares important characteristics with members of a society. Culture is like the water fish swim in--a reality that is taken for granted and rarely examined. It is in the air we breathe and is as necessary to our understanding of who we are as air is to our physical life. Culture is the property of a community people, not simply a characteristic of individuals. Societies are programmed by culture, and that programming comes from similar life experiences and similar interpretations of what those experiences mean. If culture is mental programming, it is also a mental map of reality. It tells us from early childhood what matters, what o prefer, what to avoid, and what to do. Culture also tells us what ought to be . It gives us assumptions about the ideal beyond what individuals may experience. It helps us in setting priorities. It establishes codes for behavior and provides

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◎光速很快,我们几乎没法想象它的速度。 So fast does lighttravel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 还原为正常语序:Lighttravels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed. 三、分解法 就是把一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。这样既能把意思表达得更明了,又能减少写错句子的几率。如: ◎我们要干就要干好。 If we do a thing, weshould do it well. ◎从各地来的学生中有许多是北方人。 There are students fromall over the country. Many of them are from the North. 四、合并法 就是把两个或两个以上的简单句用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来。这种方法最能体现学生的英语表达能力,同时也最能提高文章的可读性。如: ◎我们迷路了,这使我们的野营旅行变成了一次冒险。 Our camping trip turnedinto an adventure when we got lost. ◎天气转晴了,这是我们没有想到的。 The weather turned outto be very good, which was more than we could expect. ◎狼是高度群体化的动物,它们的成功依赖于合作。 Wolves are highly socialanimals whose success depends upon their cooperation.

跨文化交际翻译

题名/责任者/语种:跨文化交际翻译/金惠康著/中文 出版发行/载体形态:北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2003 /402页;20厘米ISBN/装订形式/定 价: ISBN:7-5001-1010-3/23.00元 索书号:H315.9/8050 丛编:翻译理论与实务丛书.-() 附注:“十五”国家重点图书 附件: 文摘或提要:本书以实例描写为主,配以适量的理论指导与分析,收集了近二十年来大陆、港、台、澳及海外华人的精彩汉英翻译例证,形成了一个比较统一、规范的汉英对译系统。 跨文化交际翻译 作者:金惠康 书摘 a sea oI people/flames/blood/flags/flowers/happy faces如海般的/如潮一样的人群;火海;血海;旗海;花海;无数幸福的面孔 an ocean of trouble/time/space/cheering 无穷的麻烦;无休止的时间;浩瀚的宇宙;欢乐的海洋 a scene of great rejoicing一片欢腾 a chorus of protest/praise一片抗议之声/赞扬之声 a trove of Chinese porcelain一批中国磁器 a grove of coco(a)nut/hamboo一战挪椿}镌椿 a blaze of lights一片灯火

a mountain of debts/rubbish/money/dirty clothes 债台高筑/gr圾如山;家财万贯;一大堆脏衣服 a mass of images/facts/figures/data大量的图像/事实/数据等 a rain/storm of tears/ashes/arrows/bullets嚎啕大哭;尘土蒙蒙;一阵箭雨,一阵弹雨 a storm of applause/criticism/cheering 一阵暴雨般的掌声;激烈的批评;狂热的欢呼 a gale oflaughter/excitement阵阵欢笑;一阵激动 a flood of tears/words/light/terror 泪如潮涌;滔滔言辞;一片光明;一片恐惧 a store oflearnlng/experience知识渊博;经验丰富 a wealth of experience/data/troubles/good/goods 经验丰富;丰富数据;问题多多;大有好处;商品丰富 a sudeit offood/drug dosage 过量的食品;过量的药品 a succession of defeat接二连三的挫败 a world of goods/food/pleasure/meaning/to do s b a world of good/harm a forest of hllls/nags/chimneys/hands 这些表量的手法也可用复数,像10ts of,tho。。。。d。。f一样.如seas。f,mountains。f,st。r es。f,swamls。f,thunders。f。sh。wers of,in showers,in stores,in numbers。 a(great)number of books许多的书 numbers of peoples许多的民族 a quantity of energy大量的能量 quantities of oxidize大量的氧化酶 an amount of material大量的材料 small amount of water少量的水 l he。mount of energy possessed by a given quantity of radiation depends strictly on it s frequency.一定量的辐射所掘有的能量完全基于其频率。 The total amount of radiation辐射的总量 What’S the size?尺码多少?

英文翻译成中文

第四部分翻译 Part Ⅰ英译汉 练习: Unit 1 1.年轻时,他对学业漫不经心,加之他一直不愿考虑运动员以外的职业,到这时候,这一切终于给他带来了不幸。 2.护士们对不得不日复一日地参与欺骗病人的做法也许深恶痛绝,但要抵制却感到无能为力。 3.我不会在初版的《失乐园》上乱写乱画,就像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一套蜡笔交给我的婴儿任意涂抹一样。 4.只有假设地球表面呈曲线状,这一现象才能得到解释。 5.鹿减少生存所需的能耗以增加越冬生存的机会,从生物学的角度看是合情合理的。 6.不论好坏,不论是何结果,美国人不仅会一概接受,还要去铲除那些反对者,尽管对于成千上万的人来说,这决定与自己的意愿背道而驰。 7.你可曾为了接电话在洗澡时从浴室冲出来,或是嚼着饭从饭桌旁站起来,或是昏昏沉沉的从床上爬起来,而结果却是有人打错了。 8.实际上,大把花钱的满足感大于商品本身带给他们的乐趣。 9.但是蓝色也可以表示伤感(我很伤感),白色常代表纯洁,尽管在中国,人们在婚礼上穿白的,在葬礼上穿黑的。 10. 晚上十点到十二点,美国处在权力真空状态——除了纽约广播公司总部和两家大的新闻机构之外,全国范围内就再没有别的信息中心。 Unit 2 1) 1800年英国与法国之间将爆发一场持续15后的大战。 2) 我相信,到1816年,英国将在滑铁卢村附近赢得一场伟大战役的胜利。 3) 然而,到1870年,对于英国来说,德国将成为一个比法国更具危险性的国家。 4) 在20世纪初,俄国、美国和日本将成为大国,而英国将不再是世界上最强大的国家了。 5) 反过来,农民的业绩大小取决于农业的组织形式,经济环境,市场结构这些与之息息相关的因素。 6) 他被接回来时,不停地跟人讲,一些可怕的怪物瞪着眼睛盯着他,把他带到了一个宇宙飞船上。 7) 烫伤大多数发生在老人和孩子身上,往往是由于浴室里水温太高而造成的。 8) 尽量多地了解可能发生的事情,这样你可以提前做好准备。 9) 市场的变化迫使很多网站关闭,而其它网站也仅是勉强维持。 10)因为在农民生产率低下的国家,需要劳动人口中大多数人种粮食,因此就没有多少人从事投资货物的生产或进行经济增长所必须的其它活动。 Unit 3 1. 在牛顿之前,亚里士多德已经发现物体的自然状态是静止的,除非有力作用于物体。所以运动着的物体会停下来。 2.人们在家中或是类似家的地方感觉最为亲密——和一个或几个亲近的人呆在一起——也就是在私人交谈的时候。 3.当一个人长时间在干道或高速公路上驾车行驶,就会存在两个问题:一是如何保持稳定的车速;二是如何确保他不撞上前面的车。 4.这个系统尤其适用于汽车拥挤的情况,因为电脑不仅能够控制车速,与前面车子的距离,还能够控制方向。

跨文化交际与翻译-

Intercultural Communication and Translation of Culture-loaded Words of the West and East Abstract:As a new marginal discipline, intercultural communication became an important separate discipline in the 1970s. It emerged in America and has been developing quickly and greatly in the western world. While in China, the discipline was first introduced in the 1980s. Nowadays, with the increasing exchange of the West and East, intercultural communication becomes increasingly frequent against the background of economic globalization. So it needs corresponding more translation activities. Against the background of economic globalization, we should be fully aware of intercultural communication, especially the conflicts and exchanges between Western and Eastern, the mixture of both and the work of translation. We should both learn the essence of Western culture and keep up the splendid cultural tradition of China. In the course of the intercultural translation, culture-loaded words contain cultural connotation and mirror cultural characteristics, so they are often considered difficult to translate. This thesis studies approaches of translating culture-loaded words in the broad context of intercultural communication by exploring the relation between culture and translation. This thesis argues that by adopting proper translating approaches, culture-loaded words should achieve both semantic and pragmatic

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