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Lesson 1

Answers to the Questions

V. 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. D

VI.

1. The three big milestones for America‘s population are the following: 1915 when America‘s population grew to 100 million, 1967 when America‘s population increased to 200 million and 2006 when America‘s population reached 300 million.

2. America‘s recent population growth has been extraordinary. Since 2000 alone, America has added 20 million people. In sharp contrast with America‘s population increase, Europe‘s birth rates have been plunging and Japan‘s population has been shrinking.

3. There are the following three trends: migration to the west and the south, sharp increase of immigrants and fast increase of the over-65 population.

4. The fast growth of the South and the West has been buoyed by immigration, lower costs, and recreational opportunities.

5. The major factor in the population growth is immigration. Since 2000 alone, there has been a 16 percent rise in the number of immigrants living in American households.

6. The most striking difference is the change of the main source. Before 1967, the main source of immigrants was Western Europe. However, after President Johnson signed the Immigration and Naturalization Act in 1965 to stop racial and ethnic quotas for new immigrants, and once the Mexican economy tanked in the 1970s, immigrants from Mexico sharply increased. In Fort Wayne, nearly 80 percent of Hispanics are Mexican. An estimated 12 million undocumented immigrants now live in America.

7. According to the article, the influx of new immigrants has caused the problem of racial tensions.

8. Back in 1990, the median age in America was 22.9 years. But with people having fewer babies, that number started to climb. Lower fertility rates mean older populations. The baby boom caused a brief pause in this movement during the 1950s and 1960s, but the aging trend has since resumed. The median age is up to 36.5 and is expected to rise to 39 by 2030 before leveling off.

9. People like Mayor Bill Saffo consider the senior citizens as a real asset because they are active in the community, and they work part-time and create businesses.

10. Its main attractions are its great beaches, low cost of living and abundant golf courses.

11. The enlarged senior population will overburden Social Security and Medicare, the two largest entitlement programs.

Outline

I. Growth of America‘s population

(1—2)

1. Population growth to 300 million in October, 2006

2. Extraordinary recent growth compared with other countries

II. America‘s population trends and their impacts

(3—4)

1. Three broad trends

a. Migration to the west and the south

b. Sharp increase of immigrants

c. Baby-boomers‘ getting close to retirement age

2. Great impacts of the trends on America‘s culture, politics and economy

III. The new migration: case study of Boise

(5—13)

1. Boise‘s fast development

2. Challenge for city planners

3. Four-decade migration pattern

4. Factors in the fast growth

5. Sources of new residents in Boise

6. Developers‘ purchase of land at a feverish pace

7. Economic planners‘ effort to attract solid jobs

IV. Big wave of immigrants

(14—19)

1. Increase of ethnic diversity at Northwood Middle School

2. Fort Wayne‘s population composition change

3. Fast growth of Hispanics

a. Example of Fort Wayne

b. Example of Goshen

4. Tensions caused by the influx of Hispanics

V. Graying of America and its impacts

(20—26)

1. Onslaught of 77 million aging boomers

2. Growth of America‘s median age

3. Impacts of senior people‘s increase on the economy: case study of Wilmington

a. Attractions for the senior people

b. Specific examples of Bill and Bryden

c. Senior people‘s contribution to the local economy

VI. Prospects of America‘s population change

(27-31)

1. Further acceleration of population growth

2. Increase of population proportion of the South and the West

3. Greater impacts of births by new immigrants

4. Doubling of the over-65 population and the heavy loads on Social Security and Medicare

Lesson 2

Answers to the Questions

V. 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. D

VI.

1. Because they are pragmatic and resourceful in money matters. They not only work hard to earn more money, but also save for retirement, make investment and hedge against the unexpected.

2. The first grim reality is that in about 30 years, just as the first of this age group step into retirement, the traditional Society Security System won‘t be able to support them. The second one is the decreased job security today. The third one is that they carry more debt at their age than any other generation had. All these factors force them to pay more attention to money matters.

3. Matures are ―savers‖ whereas Xers are ―hedgers‖. Matures saved what they could so that their children might have more comfortable lives. But Xers do not have such an expectation. Their different attitudes toward money were shaped by the circumstances surrounding the youth. Aftereffects of the Depression and World War Ⅱforced the Matures to be self-sacrificing and frugal. Xers experienced many uncertainties and crises: the savings-and-loan debacle of the ?80s, recession of the early ?90s and parents‘divorce. All these experiences have helped them to develop pragmatism and the habit of protecting against the expected.

4. Because this generation is more interested and better versed in investment. A study by Amex shows that they take more risks on technology stocks.

5. They are more eager to earn money through hard work and more interested in starting up their own businesses for profits.

6. No. they are spending money to make the time before retirement a pleasure. They spend more money than Boomers did in the same span on stereos, cellphones, beepers, all new VW Jettas and GMC Sunfires.

Outline

I. News Lead: general description of Gen-X

(1—2)

Definition: age span; total number; focus on money; buying power

II. Reasons for Xers‘ focus on money

(3—7)

1. Survival instinct

2. Early awareness of the unsafe cover of the social security system

3. Faced with decreased job security

4. Burdened with heavy debt

III. Measures taken to prepare for the future

(8—24)

1. Saving for retirement

2. Hedging against the unexpected

3. Investing in stocks

a. Taking more risks on technology stocks

b. Drawing more attention from investment firms

c. Showing more interest in forming clubs

4. Money-first work ethic

a. More willing to work hard, take more job offers

b. More interested in starting up their own businesses

c. More preoccupied with money-making

IV. Xers‘ purchasing power

(25—26)

1. Xers‘ consumption pattern

2. Reason for the consumption pattern

Lesson 3

Answers to the Questions

V. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. D

VI.

1. They found those Korean-Americans isolated and helpless, and recognized the attacks as a threat to Asians as a whole. For many Asian-Americans, the riots represented as an assault on their faith in America.

2. The total population of Asian-Americans is about 7.3 million. Nearly 2.5 million arrived during the 1980s. The fastest increasing groups are Koreans and Vietnamese. About half of Asian immigrants settle on the Pacific coast while hundreds of thousands move on to New York and dozens of cities in between.

3. They were brought to the United States in the 1860s to work on continental railroads as coolies. They were ill-treated and vilified as a ―population befouled with all the social vices‖. In 1887, there occurred the Snake River Massacre in Oregon, in which 31 Chinese were robbed and murdered.

4. Asian families earn an average of $35,900 per year, more than the average for white families. However, as the Asian family is larger, their per capita income is actually less than that of white people.

5. They are called the ―model minority‖ because of their superiority to o ther races in habits of study and work. They are said to embody the American Dream of hard work, thrift and success. Asians, however, rebel against the model-minority label as another insidious stereotype. They think that it is a subtly racist excuse not to help underprivileged Asians and to hold back even average Asians on the ground that they already have ―natural‖ advantages.

6. Because they believe that Asian-Americans have accepted the white mainstream culture and white people love them for everything the blacks are not.

7. They are making great efforts to preserve and acquire the Asian culture by improving their original language proficiency, attacking the model minority image and Asians who forget their original culture.

8. The main obstacles are skin color and lack of English proficiency.

9. The Indo-Chinese group is most noted for street gang activities. The main cause is unemployment.

10. The ties within each small Asian group are close and family connections are strong. A key link in the system is rotating credit association. However, many Asians lack a larger sense of unity and bring ancient rivalries from native countries. Most Asian support groups are based on nationality or even smaller units.

Outline

I. Impact of the Los Angeles riots

(1—2)

1. Korean sufferings and helpless state

2. Assault on Asian-Americans‘ faith in America

II. Racial bias against Asian-Americans

(3—7)

1. Asian immigrants‘ uglified image in the past

2. Present model-minority label and its harmful effects

3. Resentment against Asians for their success and behavior

4. Asians‘ isolation from the rest of the society

5. Boycotts and assaults on Asian businesses

III. American culture‘s influence

(8—12)

1. Fast increase of Asian immigrants wishing to realize the American Dream

2. Second generation‘s tendency to abandon Asian values

3. Identity crisis resulting from two cultures‘ pull

4. Young people‘s efforts to preserve the original culture

5. The least assimilated group: Chinatown residents

IV. Discrimination against Asians

(13—17)

1. Hurdles for assimilation

2. Glass ceiling

3. Unemployment

V. Similarities and differences between Asians and Blacks

(18—21)

1. Similar sufferings

2. Similar spiritualities

3. Asian-Americans‘ less difficulty in shrugging off the legacy of discrimination

4. First-generation Asian immigrants‘ incredibly hardworking and thrifty character

VI. Asians‘ ties and political status

(22—24)

1. Close community ties

2. Lack of a larger sense of unity

3. Underrepresentation at all government levels

VII. Author‘s view concerning the development of Asians‘ sentiment

(25) Unlikely to become a wider political movement

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