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仁爱版英语九年级上册知识点第一单元

仁爱版英语九年级上册知识点第一单元
仁爱版英语九年级上册知识点第一单元

基础义务教育资料欢迎使用本资料,祝您身体健康、万事如意,阖家欢乐!愿同学们健康快乐的成长。早日为祖国的繁荣昌盛奉献自己的力量。

Unit 1 T opic1 1 Our country has developed rapidly.

一·词组。

take place 发生,进行欢迎使用本资料,祝您身体健康、万事如意,阖家欢乐。愿同学们健康快乐的成长。早日为祖国的繁荣昌盛奉献自己的力量

①keep in touch with…跟…保持联系

②get in touch with…与…取得联系欢迎使用本资料,祝您身体健康、万事如意,阖家欢乐。愿同学们健康快乐的成长。早日为祖国的繁荣昌盛奉献自己的力量

reform and opening-up 改革开放

make progress 取得进展

succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事欢迎使用本资料,祝您身体健康、万事如意,阖家欢乐。愿同学们健康快乐的成长。早日为祖国的繁荣昌盛奉献自己的力量

take photos 照相

learn…from…向学习……欢迎使用本资料,祝您身体健康、万事如意,阖家欢乐。愿同学们健康快乐的成长。早日为祖国的繁荣昌盛奉献自己的力量

put on 举办,上演,展出

more than 超过,多于

see sth. oneself 亲眼目睹某物

have the chance to do sth. 有机会做某事

far away 遥远的

play a/an…part起……作用,有……影响

in one's spare time 在某人空闲时间

be happy/glad/pleased to do sth. 高兴做某事

have a good summer holiday 过一个快乐的暑假

a group of old people 一群老人

be crowded into sp. 挤在一个地方

receive a good education 接受好的教育

not only … b ut also 不仅…而且

satisfy people's needs 满足人们的需求

enjoy good medical care 享受好的医疗照顾

①remember the past 记住过去

②live in the present 立足现在

③dream about the future 展望未来

make a tour abroad 出国旅游

used to do sth. 过去常做某事

be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事

have no time to do sth. 没有时间做某事

in the 1960s 在二十世纪六十年代

in a short time 在短时间内

二.句子

1.Where have you been? 你已经去过哪了?

I have been to Mount Huang with my parents. 我和我的父母去了黄山。

2.It’s a beautif ul place.But t here were so many people that I could not find a goo d place to take photos.

它是一个美丽的地方。但是那儿的人是如此之多,以至于我都找不到地

方拍照了。

3.There goes the bell.=That’s the bell=The bell is ringing.铃响了。

4.China has developed rapidly since the reform and opening-up. 中国自从改革开放以

来已经迅速发展了。

5.I think it is important to remember the past,live in the present and dream about the

future.

我认为记住过去,立足现在,展望未来是很重要的。

6.People kept in touch with their friends and relatives far away mainly by letter or

telegram.

人们主要通过写信和电话来和他们的朋友、远方的亲人保持

联系。

7.I have not seen you for a long time . 我好久不见你

了。三.语法

1.as well, too, also 均表“也;又”;as well 多用于口语,只用于句末,不用逗号隔开;

too 多用于口语,用于句末,要用逗号隔开;also 较正式,不用于句末;

either 用于否定句,表“也不”,与too 对应。

2.现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其

结果和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在

还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。

现在完成时用法①:表示过去发生的动作或事情,对现在造成的影响。

②:表示从过去开始发生的动作持续到现在,有可能马上结束,但也有可能继续下去。

这种情况下动词必须具有可持续性,至少是能重复一次以上的动作。

3.基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)

①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他).

②否定句:主语+havenot/ha s not+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.

③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他)?

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词+其他)现

在完成时句型:

①现在完成时不能单独与准确时间状语连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)

如yesterday(mo rning、af ternoo n),last(mo rning、af ternoo n)等,除非与f or,sinc e连用.

②现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用

如already(肯定,句中),yet(否定,疑问,句末),just, before,recently,still,lately,never,

ever 等

例如:We have seen that film before.我们以前已经看过那部电影了。

③.现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束。

例如:He has turned the light off .他已把灯关了。

④现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:

already,yet,before,recently 等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever 等)、包括现在时刻在内

的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today 等)连用。

例如:Have you found your pen ?你已经找到你的钢笔了吗?

⑤现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。

例如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978 年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978 年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)

⑥ha s gone(to),ha s bee n(to),ha s bee n(in)的区别。

has gone to:表示某人已去了某地,而没有回来(去了没回)。has

been to :表示去过某地(去过已回来)。

has been in:表示一直呆在某地,常与时间段搭配(呆了很久)。

Unit 1 T opic2 The population in developing countries is growing faster.

一. 重点词组归纳

be in/ at home 在家

not… any more=no more 不再

get/be los t=lose o ne’s w ay 迷路

call sb. up 给某人打电话

shopping center 购物中心

central park 中央公园

department store 百货商店

talk on the phone=talk by phone 通过电话交谈

have been living here=have lived here 住在这儿

a report on population in the newspaper 报纸上一份关于人口的报告

increase by 增加了

increase to 增加到

population problems 人口问题

carry out 执行

the one-child policy 计划生育政策

control the population 控制人口

developing countries= less developed countries 发展中国家

developed countries 发达国家

because of 由于

less living space 更少的生存空间

at the same time 与此同时

supply sth. to sb.=supply sb. with sth. 提供某物给某人

provide sth. for sb.= provide sb. for sth. 提供某物给某人

offer sb. sth.=offer sth. t o sb. 提供某物给某人

sat isfy people’s daily needs满足人们的日常需求

natural environment 自然环境

take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事

be known as... 作为 ..... 出名

work well in doing sth. 在做某事方面起到好的效果

thanks to 多亏了

living conditions 居住条件

deal with 处理

offer job opportunities 提供就业机会

be surrounded by... 被..... 围绕

discourage (from) cutting trees 阻止砍树

many places of interest 许多名胜古迹

pubic transportation 公共交通运输

extended family 数代同堂的大家庭

nuclear family 核心家庭

二. 重点句型(熟背)

---Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗?

---No,hehas probably gone hom e.没有,他可能已经回家了。

---I really hate going to a place like that.我真的讨厌去像那样的地方。

---So do I. 我也是。

It says the world has a population of 6.8billion.报道上说世界上有68 亿人口。

---Wha t’s the populat ion of t he USA?美国的人口是多少?

---(It’s)309m ill ion.

It shows that the population in developing countries is larger than that in developed co untr ies, d oesn’t

it? 报道上显示发展中国家的人口比发达国家的人口多,是

吗?

---Wha t’s mo re,t he populatio n in d eveloping co un tr ies is gr ow ing fast er.

而且,发展中国家的人口增加的更快。

---So it is. 确实是。

Luckily,China ha s already carr ied out the one-c hild p olicy t o co nt ro l t he population.

幸运的是,中国已经施行了计划生育政策来控制人口。

China has the largest population in the world, and about one fifth of the people in the

world live in China.中国有世界上最多的人口,大约全球五分之一的人生活在中国。

Because of the large population, there is less living space for each family.

由于大量的人口,每个家庭的生存空间变少。

So far, our government has taken many measures to control the population. One is

know n as the one-child p olicy. It has w orked w ell in co ntroll ing China’s population.到目前为止,我们政府已经采取措施来控制人口,计划生育作为其中一项被我们熟知。

Than ks to the policy,China is developing quickly and people’s living condit ions are improving

rapidly.多亏了这个政策,中国正快速的发展并且人们的生活水平在迅速改善。I live in a small mountain town called Fairmont. 我住在一个叫菲尔莫的小山镇。

They are careful with garbage and discourage cutting trees.他们谨慎的处理垃圾并阻止砍树。

三. 语法复

习:现在完成

时的用法

1.构成: 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词have(has)表

明事情发生于现在。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词在句子中做谓语,说明句子

的含义。

2.用法: (1)动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、

already、ever、

never、yet 等副词修饰。如:

-Have you ha d lun ch yet?-Y es, I have. I've just ha d it.

你(已经)吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)

(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停

止,可能仍然在

进行。常带有for 和since 等表示一段时间的状语。

如:He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981 年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教)

I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。

以study 为例,其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下:

否定式疑问式

I have not (haven’t) studied….Have I studied…?

You have not (haven’t) studied….Have you studied…?

H e ha s not(has n’t)studied….Has he studied…?

否定疑问式简单回答(肯定/否定)

H ave I not(Haven’t I)st udied…?Y es, you ha ve.No, you ha ven’t.

H ave you not(Haven’t you)st udied…?Y es, I have.No, I ha ven’t.

H as he not(Hasn’t he)s tudied…?Y es,he ha s.No,he has n’t.

★注意:

have (has) been 和have (has) gone 的区别:表示“曾到过某地”要用“have (has) been”;

表示“已经去某地”要用“have (has) gone”

。试比较:

Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了?(已经回来了)

Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了?(人不在)

They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大)

They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已经到加拿大). 区

别:have been to, have gone to, have been in

have been to,表示去过某个地方,不过现在已经回来了have

gone to 表示去了,但还没有回来,也许是在去的途中have

been in 指的是在某个地方,从过去一直延续到现在

例如:你以前去过北京么?

例如:A: Is Mr.Wang at home?

B:N o,he is not in,(他去香港了)现在完成时的时间状语

(1)现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示

不确定的时间状语连用(ever,never,just,already, yet)。

a.用副词already 和yet。already 一般用于肯定句中,yet 一般用于否定句和疑

问句中。

如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如:

-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just,before,up to now,the past f ew

years 等。

例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。

He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三

次了。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语,如:now,today,this mo rning(mo nth,year,term)

等。

例如:-Have you met him today?-No,I ha ven't.今天你见过他吗?我没有。

How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次?

现在完成时可以和带有since 或for 等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。(详见U1T3 讲解)

二、数字的拼读:

分数、小数和百分比的读法

A.分数

分数中分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。先读分子,后读分母。当分子大于 1 时,。例如

分母要加“s”

代替“one”)

1/2 读作:a/one half(口语中更倾向于用“a”

1/3 读作:a/one third

1/8 读作:an/one eighth

1/4 读作:a/one quarter(fourth)

2/3 读作:two thirds

一又九分之五读作one and five ninths

B.含小数点的数字

,小数点后的数若是两位以上,则分别读出。

小数点“.”读“point”

0.4 =( zero) point four

.01 = point zero one

0.125=(zero)point one two five

12.34 = twelve point three four

567.809 = five hundred and sixty-seven point eight zero nine

实际应用例子,如:

93.64m 读作:ninety-three point six four meters(93 点64 米)

读作:two minutes fifteen point one one seconds(2 分15 点11 秒)2’15.11’’

C.百分比

读百分比只需在相应的数字后加“percent"。如:

25%读作twenty-five percent

11.3%读作eleven point three percent

三、so do I 和so I do 用法和区别

So do I 的用法:该结构主要用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物,[意为“……也一样”]

。前后句的主语指的不是同一个人或物。该结构中的助动词do 根据前文的情况也可换成is,am,are, was, were, does, did,can,could 等。如:He pass ed t he exam,

and so did I. =He passed the exam, and I passed the exam, too. =Both he and I passed the

exam. =He and I both passed the exam.他通过了考试,我也通过了考试。/ 他和我都通过了考试。又如:They went to the zoo yesterday. So did we. 他们昨天去了动物园,我们也去了。但是如果前面所述情况为否定式,则用neither, nor 引出倒装句(此时不能用so)。

他做不了这事,她也做不了。

如:He couldn’t do it, and neither could she.

He never comes late. Nor do I. 他从不迟到,我也从不迟到。

,表示后者赞同So I do 的用法:该结构主要用于加强语气,其意为[“的确如此、确实如此”]

前者的话或意见,只是进一步强调并重复前句所述的内容。前后句的主语指的是同一个人或物。该结构中的助动词do根据前文的情况也可换成is,am,are, was, were, does, d id, can, could 等。

如:—He has done a good job. 他干得不错。—So he has. 他的确干得不错。

Unit 1 T opic3 The world has changed for the better.

一. 词组:

talk on the phone 在电话中交谈

get used to 习惯于(后加名词或动词的ing 形式)

used to 过去常常(后加动词原形)

as a matter of fact 事实上(= in fact)

a place to live 一个可供居住的地方

go to plays 去看戏剧

come for a visit 来参观

stand for 代表

return to work 返回工作岗位

live a normal life 过上正常的生活

people in need 身处困境的人们

decide on sth. 决定某事

offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物

medical treatment 医疗救助

provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.给某人提供某物

the homeless people 无家可归的人们

get in trouble 陷入麻烦

pick up sb. 搭载某人

be in a helpful mood 处于乐于助人的氛围中

help sb. out 帮助某人摆脱困境

on purpose 有意地,故意地

think of …as …把。。。视为。。。,看成是。。。

raise money 筹钱

aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事

make contributions to 为。。。做出贡献

encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事

as a result 结果

二. 句型:

The city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.

短暂性动词延续性动词

come be in

leave be away from

get to know know

die be dead

buy have

begin be on

marry be married

catch a cold have a cold

close be closed

open be open

自从我几年前来到这里,这座城

市已经改进了很多。(since 引

导的从句中用一般过去时,主句

用现在完成时。)

Once they find people in need, they decide on

suitable ways to offer them help.

一旦他们发现有身处困境的人,他们就会选定适当的方法来帮助他们。

The w orld has c hanged for t he b etter. 这个世界已经变得更好了。

No one is ever homeless on purpose. 没有人是故意无家可归的。

Wha tever t he c au se of hom eless ness is,t he eff ec ts are t he sam e.

不管无家可归的理由是什么,影响是一样的。(whatever 引导状语从句,在这里相当于

no matter what。)

Wit hout Pr ojec t Hope,ther e is a risk t ha t m an y children w o uld have an unha ppy f uture.如果没有希望工程,就会有一种危机:许多孩子将

没有一个幸福的未来。三. 语法:

You have been in New York for a long time.

语法解释:当句子中出现for,since 引导的时间状语,或者句首用how long 提问时,句子应该用延续性动词。

四. 练习:

1.He has joined the Party two years ago. = He ______________ the Party for two

years.

2.___________________________________________________

I bought the book five days ago. = I

the book for five days.

3.He has been away from Beijing for two years. = He ____________ Beijing two years

ago.

4. ___________________________________________________________________

They came to our school in 1980. = They ______________________________________ our school since 1980.

5._____________________________________________________

T he man died five days ago. = The man __________________________________________ for five days.

6.The meeting began two minutes ago. = The meeting minutes.

______________ for two join

be a member of

/ be in

fall ill be ill borrow keep

We borrowed two books last week. = We two

7. ___________________________________________________________

books for a week.

8. __________________________________________________________________________

When did the train arrive here? = How long ________ the train _______________________________________ here?

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