【Selected】高等学校研究生英语系列教材-综合教程(上)熊海虹-B篇课文翻译第二单元.doc

Unit2READINGMORE

"Light,refined,learnedandnoble,harmoniousandorderly,clearandlogical,t hecooAing

ofFranceis,insomestrangemanner,intimatelylinAedtothegeniusofhergreat estmen."

--MarcelRouff,Frenchjournalistandwriter

ACUISINECRISIS

1WhatcouldbemoreFrenchthananoutdoormarAetonasunnySundaymorni ng?The airisfilledwithvitalscentsfromtheherbsandfruitsandvegetablespiledhighin the

greengrocers'creativegeometrics.AwhiffoftheAtlanticblowsofftheoysters onthe

fishmongers'bedofice.Wildgame--hare,venison,boar--hangsfromthebutc hers'

racAs,sausagesandcheesesarelaidouttosavorandsmell.

有什么比晴朗的星期日早晨的一个户外市场更具法国特色？空气中弥漫着香草和

水果散发出的气味，而且这些水果被水果商摆成各种有创意的图形。鱼贩的冰床上的

牡蛎透露着一点点大西洋的痕迹。在肉贩的货架上挂出了一些野味：野兔、鹿肉和野

猪，而一些香肠和奶酪的摆出使这个小摊更具一番风味。

2This,youthinA,istheveryessenceofFrance,untilyoureadthoselittlesignstha ttell

youthetomatoes(whicharereallyprettytasteless)comefromMoroccanhoth ouses,

thegrapesfromSouthAfrica,AiwisfromChileandtheharicotfromAeny a.Youcan't

besurewherethatboarbitthedust.

直到你读到那些小标识，即西红柿（相当无味的）产自摩洛哥的温室，葡萄酒产自南非，猕猴桃产自智利，扁豆产自肯尼亚。你认为这才是法国的精髓所在。

3ThecongenialquaintnessofthestreetmarAet,infact,drawsdirectlyongloba lization.

EmileZolaoncecalled"thebellyofParis",therich,ripe,smellycenterofthewhol esale

foodbusiness,longsincemovedoutofdowntowntoacargohubnearQr lyairport.

Quiteliterally,thatisnowwherealotofFrenchcooAingbegins--and,inc reasingly,

wheretheeraofgreatFrenchcuisineassomethingtrulyuniqueandexcl usiveto

Franceisslowlycomingtoanend.

街市上那些彼此相宜的稀奇古怪的事事实上是全球化的结果。这个富裕的、

成熟的、难闻的被埃米尔.左拉称为“巴黎的肚子”的大型食品批发中心

是很久以

前从市中心搬到奥利机场附近的。毫不夸张的说，这里是现在很多法国烹饪的开

始的地方，而且渐渐地伟大的法国烹饪时代（一些真正独具特色并专属法国的事物）

就要结束了

4Forgenerations,theFrenchhavepridedthemselvesontheirdistinctiveness. Nothing

hasstoodforFrance'ssenseofexceptionalismmorefamouslythanitscooAing .Gallic

talent,tasteandtechniqueshavebeenexportedallovertheworld.Andtherein liespart

totheproblem.FromtheNapaValleytotheThamesandToAyo,non-Frenchco oAs

havecracAedthecodesofthebestFrenchcuisine.Meanwhile,whatwasmedio cre

elsewhere--albeitcheapandpopular--hasbeenimported.Theresult:Manyto urists--

aswellastheFrenchthemselves--nolongerseewhat'ssospecialaboutFrench cooAing.

4长久以来，法国人一直为他们的与众不同感到骄傲。而能代表法国超凡特色、最负盛

名的就要数她的烹饪艺术了。高卢人的才智、品味和技术已经传播到世界各地，然而，

一些问题也随之产生。从纳帕谷到泰晤士河再到东京，非法裔的厨师们破解了最上乘

法式烹饪的秘笈。与此同时，其他地方一些尽管又便宜又流行但却不怎么上档次的烹

制法也传入了法国。结果就是，很多游客——甚至法国人自己——都已经看不出法国

烹饪有任何的特别之处了。

5Thedeclinegoeswellbeyondrecentsurveysthatshowgrowingcomplaintsa bout

mediocrequalityandhighprices--nosmallconcerninacountrywheretouris me

gastronomiqueearned18billioneurosin20BB,aquarterofalltouristrevenues .More andmorerestaurateurssaythatgovernmenttaxandeconomicpoliciesarelim iting

theirprofits,andtherebyhurtingtheircapacitytoinvestandhiremorestaff.The yhave becomeensnarledintheredtapeforwhichFranceisinfamous--nottomentio nedicts fromBrusselsthataffecteverythingfromsalestaxestothebacteriaintheBrie. 5最近的调查显示越来越多的人抱怨饭莱质量平平，价格昂贵，而法国烹饪的衰落还不

止于此。这在法国可不足个小问题，要知道20BB年美食旅游为法国创收180亿欧元，

占到全部旅游收入的1／4。越来越多的餐馆老板反映政府的税收和经济政策限制了他

们的利润，也就影响了他们投资和雇佣更多人手的能力。束缚他们手脚的是令法国不

那么光彩的繁琐拖拉的公事程序，更不要说那些来自欧盟的规定，从销售税到布里乳

酪里含细菌的指标统统都在严格的掌控之中。

6Notcoincidentally,itwastheFrenchwhotaughttheworldthatwaterhasman yvery

different,verymarAetabletastes.AttheannualagriculturalfairinParisthisspri ng,

visitorsnotonlyenjoyedsippingwines,butoliveoils--onealittlenutty,another quite

fruity,someofthem,oneistemptedtosay,justalittleimpudent.Eventablesalth as

itsdistinctions,withfleurdesel,thethinlayercollectedonthesurfaceofsaltbasi nsin

theBordeauxregion,nowmuchappreciated."Franceisoneofthosecountries where peoplecanleavethetablefullandstillbetalAingaboutfood,"joAeschefYannic A

Alleno,35,whobroughtanewstartotherestaurantoftheHotelMeuricethisye ar.His

favoritespecialty:seabasssewnwithgoldenthreads.

6绝非巧合的是，正是法国人教会全世界，水有多种迥异的口味，这些味道都可以卖个

好价钱。今年春天在巴黎一年一度的农业展销会上，游客们不仅可以细饮美酒，还可

以品尝橄榄油。有的橄榄油稍带坚果的味道，有的水果味很重，还有一些，你会忍不

住说，味道还真有点冲。即使是餐桌上的食盐也有很多花样。一种名叫“盐之花”的

盐现在很受欢迎，它是从波尔多地区盐场表层采来的薄层盐。35岁的厨师亚尼克，阿

勒诺开玩笑说：“在有些国家人们酒足饭饱离开餐桌后仍会接着谈论食物，法国就是

其中之一。”亚尼克今年刚刚为莫里斯饭店的餐厅等级增加了一颗星。他的绝活是金

线鲈鱼。

7ButtherealparadoxofFrenchcooAing--inFrance,atleast--isthatartisticsucc ess

oftenspellsbusinessdisaster.Starredchefsoftenend

trytomaintainthehighstandardsthatmade their names.

7然而法国烹饪真正令人啼笑皆非的是，至少在法国，烹饪艺术上的成功往往带来生意

上的灾难。星级厨师们为了保持他们得以成名的高标准，一般都会入不敷出。”

8Considerthevalue-addedtaxesthatwere"harmonized"alloverEuropeduri ng

the1990s.Theybenefitfast-foodchains,sincethetaxontaAeawayisonly5.5% percent,whiletheypenalizesit-downrestaurants,whetherhumblebistrosorh aute

cuisine,whichpay19.6%.WhenPresidentJacquesChiracran for re-electionin

20BB,hepromisedtoreducethetax,butsuchisthenatureofthenewEuropetha t

all25countrieswillhaveto approve the measure forittotaAeeffect--in20BB.The

government is instituting other complicated tax breaAs and stopgap measures in the

meantime to try to calm the restive restaurateurs and in hopes of creating employment.

But(astarredchef)DaguinisdeeplysAeptical."IftheFrenchwereunderthesa me

fiscalregimeastheUnitedStates,we'dbeabletocreatetwiceasmanyjobs,"hes ays.

8我们看看上个世纪90年代在整个欧洲被“统一”后的增值税。该税有利于快餐连锁

店，因为对外卖的征税只有5．5％，而传统餐馆则遭殃了，不管足低俗的小酒馆还是高

雅的餐厅都要交付19．6％的增值税。希拉克总统20BB年竞选连任时曾保证要

率，但要使这一措施在20BB年生效，必须得到欧盟所有25个成员国的同意。有什么

办法呢，这就是新欧洲啊。政府现在正采取其他一些复杂的减税措施和权宜之计试图

安抚焦躁不安的餐馆老板，并希望借此创造更多的就业机会。但是星级厨师达甘却

对此深表怀疑，“要是法国人可以享受美国的财税制度，我们就能创造两倍的就业岗

位了。

9Strictlaborlaws restricting hiring, firing and temp-worA alsofigureintheequation.

"Ourbusinessisa succession ofhigh-stresstimesandquiettimes,"saysDenisMeliet, aformerrugbyplayerandapassionaterestaurateurfromToulouse.Whenitco mes toemployment,"theprobleminFranceisthatwehavenoflexibilitywhatsoever .

Whenwe'rebusyitwouldbegoodif,liAeinEngland,wecouldhireacoupleofext ra employeestohelpout."ButthelawmaAesthatdifficult.

9另外，严格限制雇工、裁员和招临时工的劳动法也拖了后腿。“我们的生意忙一阵闲

一阵的，”来自图卢兹的德尼·梅列说道。德尼曾经是橄榄球运动员，现在则一

扑在他的饭馆上。当谈到就业问题时，他说：“法国的问题在于根本没有灵活性。如

果在活多的时候能雇一些帮手来救急，就像在英国那样，那就好了。”但是法国的法

律很难允许这样做。

10Evenwhengovernmentregulationsappearspeciallyformulatedtosuppor ttheculture

ofcuisine,theyoften"goastray".TheEU'sCommonAgriculturalPolicy,forinst ance,

issupposedtobenefitsmallfarmers,Aeepthemontheland--andthus,you'dt hinA,

nurturetheterroirthatgivesFrenchcooAingitssoul,andFrancemuchofitsnati onal

identity.ButactivistBrigitteAllainoftheConfederationPaysanne,afarmerher self,

saystheCAP,infact,doesjustthereverse--favorsquantityoverquality."Inthis system,"shesays,"farmersaremerelyprovidersofstapleswhosesolerequire ment

(inordertoreceivegenerousEUsubsidies)istodeliverthegoodsaccordingtot he rules.""Ifourcuisinehasprestige,"saysAllain,"it'sbecausewehavechefswhoa re

interestedingoodproducts.Andwehavegoodproductsbecausewestillhave

ofagriculturethatwecallpeasantagriculture9alongsidethefactoryfarms.No ticeIsay

'still',becausethisagriculturemaynotlastthatlong."

10即便是一些看似专为扶持烹饪文化的政府规定，实施起来也往往事与愿违。例如，欧

盟的共同农业政策本该着眼于小农场主的利益，鼓励他们坚守阵地，从而悉心培育赋

予法国烹饪灵魂和激发法国人国家认同感的土地。但是，法国农民联合会的活动家布

丽吉特·阿兰认为，实际上，共同农业政策适得其反，因为它看重的是数量而非质量。

布丽吉特本人就是农民。她认为，“在这样的体制下，农民只不过是粮食的供应者，

因为，(为了能得到欧盟慷慨的补贴)他们唯一要做的只是按照规定提交产品o”而那

些规定对于质量和口味没有要求。“如果我们的烹饪能享誉全球，那是因为我们的厨

师青睐优等货。我们有优等货，因为除了‘工厂农庄’，我们仍然有一种我们称之为

‘小农农业’的农业形式。但注意我说的‘仍然’，因为这种农业可能维持不了多

久了。”

1lAsFrance'sgreatchefsworryaboutstayingintheavant-garde~~,withtheirg

熊海虹主编研究生英语综合教程下-B翻译

Unit 1 To have a mind to do a thing is to foresee a future possibility; it is to have a plan for its accomplishment; it is to note the means which make the plan capable of execution and the obstructions in the way--or,if it is really a mind to do the thing and not a vague aspiration it is to have a plan which takes account of resources and difficulties. ——John Dewey 用心去做一件事，就是要预见未来的可能性，要为成功制定一个计划，要找到实施计划、避开障碍的方法——或者是一颗真正做事的心，而不是一个模糊的愿望，是考虑了所有资源和困难的计划。 ——约翰·杜威The Good Mind Is Flexible 优秀的头脑是灵活的 Edgar Dale埃德加?戴尔 1For many years we have talked about education in a changing society but have done little to educate for uncertainty. Perhaps the best insurance we can offer for this uncertainty is the presence of a good mind. To develop a good mind the student must learn how to learn and develop a taste for learning. The world of tomorrow needs flexible individuals, intellig ently mobile individuals, individuals who can land on their feet when their jobs become technologically obsolete, individuals who can cope with the unexpected. 1 多年来，我们一直在讨论日新月异的社会中的教育问题，却没有采取切实行动来教育人们如何应对变化。或许面对变化，我们的最佳保障是拥有优秀的头脑。要培养优秀的头脑，学生需要掌握学习方法，培养学习兴趣。未来的世界所需要的人才应该具备很强的适应能力，而且他们灵活而机敏，当其所从事的工作技术上落伍时，他们依然能够于逆境之中站稳脚跟，而且他们有能力应对突发的意外。 2To educate for flexibility we must distinguish between training and education. To train is to emphasize fixed responses, to stress immediate goals to the neglect of long-term growth . To educate, however, is to foster limitless growth, lifelong learning, to develop the good mind. 2 要培养灵活的头脑，我们需要区别什么是训练，什么是教育。训练就是加强固定的反应，重视即时目标，而忽略长远发展。教育则旨在促进无限的成长，鼓励终生的学习，培养优秀的头脑。 3Mark Twain's story about the cat is in order here. He said that a cat that jumps onto a hot stove will never jump on a hot stove again. Nor, he added, will she ever jump on a cold one. The cat can be trained but, contrary to what cat-lovers may say, cannot be educated.

研究生英语综合教程(上)熊海虹课文翻译

Unit One 核心员工的特征 大卫·G．詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1：无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2：紧迫感 唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org 网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” 8特征3：风险容忍度 企业要求员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。 9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。”

熊海虹主编《高等学校研究生英语综合教程_上》句子翻译

1．The sum of $20 is due to you as a bonus(是你应得的奖金). 2. He had just received a doctorate in recognition of his contributions to psychology (以表彰他为心理学作出的贡献). 3. Insurance is only valuable if it serves a purpose (达到一种目的). 4. Don’t worry, everything will be attended to in due course (在适当的时候得到处理). 5. This problem should be discussed first, as it takes precedence over all the others (比其他问题都重要). 6. You’ve been promoted? Thi s calls for a celebration (需要庆祝一下). 7. The scholar’s mind thirsted for a few new books (渴望一些新书). 8. I am writing to you with reference to the job opening in your department (有关你们部门的工作机会). 9.Mary has a great diversity of interests (玛丽有广泛的兴趣爱好), she like sports, travel, photography and making radio sets. 10. The banks have committed themselves to boosting profits (承诺增加利润) by slashing costs. 1) Roger took painting up for a while (一时兴起喜欢上了画画), but soon lost interest. 2) A stroll round the garden (在花园里转转)hardly qualifies as exercise! 3) It seemed that he was extremely hungry because he tucked into the whole pizza quickly (狼吞虎咽地吃掉了一整个比萨饼). 4) I stumbled across/on/upon an extremely simple but very exact method(偶然发现了一种极为简单但准确的方法) for understanding where my money went. 5) It is a campaign both parties are waging with unprecedented zeal (以空前的热情). 6) We believe in the intrinsic value of every person/individual (个人的内在价值) and strive to provide opportunities to improve the lives of people in our community. 7) The formalists try to turn it into a stylistic game played off to one side of life, as if it were no different from chess (好像和国际象棋没有什么两样). 8) We’ll probably come to visit you next week, but in any event we’ll telephone you(不管怎样，我都会给你打电话). 9) This long pedestrianized street is packed with tourists (游人如织) with many others overlooking you from the fine restaurants and bars above. 10)He’s mulling over the proposals (他正在仔细考量这些提议) before making any changes. 1.When she left me, my world just fell apart (我的世界就跨了). 2.I was in a mess and there was no one to help me so I just had to make the best of it (所以我只好做得尽量好). 3. She’d married some Am erican and settled down over there (在那里安家了). 4. They are not divorced but they lead completely separated lives (他们过着完全分开的生活). 5. I was steeling myself to call round (我正准备打电话过去) when Simon arrived. 6.People often feel a sense of frustration (人们常常会有沮丧感) that they are not being promoted quickly enough. 7.With the benefit of hindsight (有了后见之明的好处), it’s easy to say it was the wrong decision.

研究生英语综合教程(上)熊海虹课后部分翻译答案 (1)1

第一单元 “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move q uickly, but you have to know how t o decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.” 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation. 第四单元 很多研究发现婴儿获得关爱的质量会影响到他们以后的交友，在学校的表现，如何应对陌生的或可能充满压力的情况，以及他们成年后如何建立并且维系情感连系。正是因为这些原因，人们与家庭成员的早期亲密关系才如此至关重要。在人情冷漠的环境中(如孤儿院，某些寄养家庭，或缺乏关爱的家庭)长大的孩子会出现情感和社会性发育不良，语言和运动技能迟缓，以及精神健康问题。Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons thatpeople's early intimate relationships within their family of origin1 are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanage, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems. 一开始让人相互吸引的是什么?许多人相信“世上有一个人是你为之而生的”，而且命运会将你俩带到一起。这样的想法很浪漫却不现实。实证研究发现，是文化标准和价值观而非命运，将人们连系在一起。我们错过了成千上万的可能的爱人，因为他们早就被正式的或非正式的挑选理想爱人的准则筛选出局，这些准则包括年龄、种族、地域、社会阶层、宗教、性倾向、健康状况或外表。 What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that "there's one person out there that one is meant for" and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are "filtered out" by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due ton factors such as age, race, distance, Social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearanc e. 第五单元 做瑜伽没有场地的限制，一套瑜伽动作通常需要20 分钟到两个小时或者更多的时间，而一个小时左右的时间则是一系列动作和冥想的最佳选择。根据瑜伽师和学派的不同，一些瑜伽动作做起来辛苦异常，而另一些却只是在呼吸和心跳平稳的情况下调整和伸展肢体。每天练习瑜伽会达到最好的效果，随着动作越来越熟练，你就可以加大强度和难度这样瑜伽就能成为你相伴终生的日常锻炼方式了。练习基础的瑜伽动作即可收到增强力量，改善柔韧性并使人感到舒适的效果，但要想达到完美和高深的境界还是需要日积月累的练习，这也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。 Yoga routines can take anywhere from 20 minutes to two or more hours, with one hour being a good time investment to perform a sequence of postures and a meditation. Some yoga routines, depending on the teacher and school, can be as strenuous as the most difficult workout, and some routines merely stretch and align the body while the breath and heart rate are kept slow and steady. Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person?s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many. 第七单元 人性的恒定性是众所周知的，因为没有人相信一个人能够从根本上改变他的本性。这就是为什么一个恶名远扬的人很难重建公众对他的信心。人们凭经验知道某一年中表现出无赖性格的人不太可能在第二年有任何改观。小偷也不会变成值得信赖的员工。吝

高校教师如何上好一门课

高校教师如何上好一门课（上） 2014-12-24教师教学发展中心 爱是上好一门课的基因 苏联教育家苏霍姆林斯基认为： 没有爱就没有教育。 课堂教学作为教育教学的重要组成部分，爱在其中的作用和地位是不言而喻的。对高等学校而言，一门好课需要一个学校、

一个学科、一个专业数年甚至数十年、一代人甚至几代人长期积累与凝练、继承与发展，其关键是高素质的教师队伍。而上好一门课则需要教师从入职到整个教师生涯在其教学与科研的过程中潜心钻研、积极探索、用心体会、长期积累和统筹兼顾，其关键是教师个体。 如果说上好一门课这棵参天大树的土壤是学科和专业的话，教师个体就是这棵参天大树的种子，爱则是种子的基因。基因的好坏优劣取决于爱的三个方面： ?知晓爱什么 ?明晰为何要爱 ?践行好如何爱 知晓爱什么和为何爱是上好一门课的基础和原动力 无论是对学校、学科还是对教师个体来说，上好一门课都是一项系统工程，知晓爱的对象、明晰为什么要爱是该系统工程的起点，也是其努力的方向。爱教师职业、爱学生、爱自己、爱课堂教学（四爱）既是上好一门课的基础，也是上好一门课不可或缺的四个方面。

爱教师职业 幸福的人生只有两类：爱自己从事的工作和从事自己所爱的工作。只有能从工作中获得乐趣和愉悦的人，才有可能将自己的显能和潜能发挥到极致。尽管条条道路通罗马，行行出状元，但人的喜好、知识、能力优势是不一样的。另一方面，作为选择了教师职业的高校学人，作为园丁和人类灵魂工程师的教师职业，在当今也是受人羡慕的。高校教师职业值得学人追求和终生热爱。在2013年公众眼中最具幸福感职业排行中，教师职业排行前三位。 教师职业承担着为人类、国家、社会、行业和家庭的未来培养人才的崇高使命。教师在从教过程中的言行举止和喜怒哀乐及其体现出的世界观、人生观和价值观，将对学生——未来社会的栋梁产生直接和潜移默化的重要影响，高校教师更是如此。因此，对教师而言，立其身、践其言、正其行是教师爱教师职业和爱岗敬业的不二选择。 爱学生

熊海虹(研究生英语综合教程上课后练习答案)

熊海虹(研究生英语综合教程上课后练习答案)

广为流传的进化说认为男性视性背叛为更大的罪恶是因为他们在经历漫长岁月后学会了对性极度警惕——他们永远不能绝对肯定孩子源于自己的血脉。而女人为情感不忠痛苦是因为他们担心没有配偶帮 助抚养后代 Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate

9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3)

高等学校研究生英语系列教材-综合教程(上)主编熊海虹何莲珍 1-6单元 练习参考答案

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4. setting 5. discouraged 6. credit 7. cite 8. demonstrate 9. teamwork 10. rules Translation Practice Paragraph One “一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行。这意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行。”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一，就是要更快到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” Paragraph Two 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Unit Two Arts of the Table Reading Focus Culinary Delights in China

熊海虹主编《高等学校研究生英语综合教程 下》课后习题答案

Unit One Task 1 1. provinces b. 2. woke a. 3.haunt b. 4.trouble a. 5.weathers d. 6.wakeb. 7.coined c. 8. trouble b. 9.weather c. 10. province c. 11. coin a. 12. value a. 13. haunts a. 14. has promised a. 15. trouble c. 16. coin b. 17. promise d, 18. values c. 19. refrain b. 20. valued e. Task 2 1. tranquil 2. ultimately 3. aftermath 4. cancel out 5.ordeal 6.drastic 7. legacy 8. deprivations 9. suicidal 10. anticipated 11. preoccupied 12. adversities 13. aspires 14. nostalgia 15, retrospect Task 3 1. a mind-blowing experience 2.built-in storage space 3.self-protection measures 4. short-term employment 5.distorted and negative self-perception 6. life-changing events 7. all-encompassing details 8.a good self-image Unit Two Task1 I. A. entertainment B. entertaining 2. A.attached B.attachment 3.A.historically B. historic 4. A. innovative B. Innovations 5. A. flawed B. flawless 6.A.controversy B. controversial 7. A. revise B. revisions 8. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/ee4482122.html,mentary B. commentator 9.A. restrictive B. restrictions 10.10. A.heroic B. heroics Task 2 1. ethnic 2.corporate 3.tragic 4. athletic 5. underlie 6. stack 7. intrinsic 8. revenue 9. engrossed 10. award Task 3 1) revenues 2)receipts 3) economic 4)rewards 5)athletes 6) sponsor 7)spectators 8) maintain 9) availability 10) stadiums 11) anticipated 12) publicity

熊海虹主编《高等学校研究生英语综合教程 上》1-10单元原文+翻译(个人整理方便学习)

Unit One TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS David G. Jensen 核心员工的特征 大卫·G．詹森1 What exactly is a key player? A "Key Player" is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. I asked a client - a hiring manager involved in a recent search - to define it for me. "Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. On my team of seven process engineer and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without," he said. "Key players are essential to my organization. And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just that: the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. We recruit only key players." 1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2 This is part of a pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. They want to hire a "key player" from another company. Every company also hires from the ranks of newbies, and what they're looking for is exactly the same. "We hold them up to the standards we see in our top people. If it looks like they have these same traits, we'll place a bet on them." It's just a bit riskier. 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3 "It's an educated guess," says my hiring manager client. Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate that risk. You need to help them identify you as a prospective "key player". 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。

熊海虹主编《高等学校研究生英语综合教程-上》Unit7-Unit10课文翻译及课后练习答案

熊海虹主编《高等学校研究生英 语综合教程-上》Unit7-UnitIO 课文翻译及课后练习答案 Unit Seve n ON HUMAN NATURE Frank and Lydia Hammer 我对人类的了解越多，对他们的期望就越低。和以前相比，我现在常常以较宽松的标准把一个人叫做好人。——塞缪尔?约翰逊博士 论人性 弗兰克，莉迪亚?汉默尔 1 Humamature is the basis of character, the temperament and disposition; it is that in destructible matrix upon which the character is built, and whose shape it must take

and keep throughout life. This we call a pers on's n ature. 1人性是性格、气质和性情的基础，性格正是基于这种牢不可破的基质之上的，它必须以这种基质的形式存在，并将它保留终生，这种基质，我们称之为一个人的本性。 2 The basic n ature of huma n beings does not and cannot cha nge. It is only the surface that is capable of alterati on, improveme nt and refi neme nt; we can alter only people's customs, manners, dress and habits. A study of history reveals that the people who walked this earth in an tiquity were moved by the same fun dame ntal forces, were swayed by the same passi ons, and had the same aspirati ons as the men and wome n of today. The pursuit of happ in ess still en grosses mankind the world over. 2人类的本性不会也不能改变，只有一些表面特征才会变化、改善和进一步提升；我们可以改变人们的风格、举止、衣着和习惯。一项历史研究表明，曾经行走在地球上的古人们和今天的男男女女们受着同样的

高等学校研究生英语系列教材综合教程(下)熊海虹【打印版】1-6-9-10词汇

Unit 1 Task1 Task2 1. The __tranquil（安宁的）_ atmosphere of the inn allows guests to feel totally at home. 2. Technological advances might _ultimately（最终）_ lead to even more job losses. 3. In the __aftermath（余波）__ of the shootings, there were calls for tighter controls on gun ownership. 4. Her kindness and generosity __cancel out（抵消）__ her occasional flashes of temper. 5. He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the _ordeal（折磨）__. 6. Foreign food aid has led to a __drastic（猛烈的）_ reduction in the numbers of people dying of starvation. 7. Perhaps her most important __legacy（遗产）__ was her program of educational reform. 8. There were food shortages and other __deprivations（匮乏）_ during the Civil War. 9. The new economic policies could prove ___suicidal（自我毁灭）__ for the party. 10. The building will be completed around six months earlier than ____anticipated（预料的）__. 11. The experience was enough to keep him ____preoccupied_（心事重重）__ for some time. 12. The road to happiness is paved with __adversities（逆境）__. 13. She __aspires（渴望）____ to nothing no less than the chairmanship of the company. 14. He might be influenced by ___nostalgia（思乡情）__ for the surroundings of his happy youth. 15. In ___retrospect（回顾）_, I wish that I had thought about alternative courses of action. Task3 1. Watching your baby being born is __a mind-blowing experience___ (极其令人兴奋的经历). 2. There is _built-in storage space__ (内置储藏空间) in all bedrooms. 3. This handout focuses on ___self-protection measures__ (自我保护措施) under difficult climatic conditions. 4. I’m sure we could offer you some ___short-term employment__ (短期的工作). 5. So, how is it that we all, or at least many of us, have such a ___distorted and negative self-perception__ (歪曲的、否定的自我观念)? 6. Helen Hunt stars as a character undergoing _life-changing events_ (改变了生活的事件) in Then She Found Me. 7. She has written a book that is beautiful because of the honesty and the raw emotion that is portrayed in __all-encompassing details__ (无所不包的细节). 8. Having a decent job contributes to ___a good self-image__ (一个好的自我形象). Unit 6 Task1 1. Slavery was abolished（废除）in the United States in the 19th century. (Ended) 2. I’ll never be unfaithful again. I give you my solemn（严肃的）word. (Serious) 3. Do they observe Christmas Day in that country? (Celebrate) 4. Nothing will stop them in their quest for truth. (Search) 5. Management has given a pledge（保证）that there will be no job losses this year. (Promise) 6. These monuments are a vital part of the culture heritage（继承）of South America. (Inheritance) 7. Signing this form commits you to buying the goods. (Obligates)（使。。。承担责任） 8. The Social Departments are now in alliance with the Greens. (Union) 9. The hot sunny days were tempered（缓和的）by a light breeze. (Softened) 10. The room was converted from a kitchen to a lavatory. (Changed) 11. He was found guilty of subversion（颠覆，破坏）and imprisoned(颠覆和监禁). (Sabotage)