大学体验英语 快速阅读教程3 Unit 11 Technology

Unit 11 Technology

Text A Robots

Bobots Are About to Invade Our Lives

From performing household chores, to entertaining and educating our children, to looking after the elderly, roboticists say we will soon be welcoming their creations into our homes and workplaces.

Researchers believe we are on the cusp (转折点）of a robot revolution that will mirror the explosive growth of the computer revolution from the 1980s onwards.

They are developing new laws for robot behavior, and designing new ways for humans and robots to interact.

"I think robotics technology will change who we are, just as eyeglasses and fire changed who we were before," says Rodney Brookes, robotics entrepreneur and former director of the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Human-like Robots

Commercially available robots are already beginning to perform everyday tasks like vacuuming our floors.

The latest prototypes from Japan are able to help the elderly to get out of bed or get up after a fall. They can also remind them when to take medication, or even help wash their hair

"Current robots are not human like. For example they are things like automated beds and wheelchairs M says celebrated roboticist Prof Hiroshi Ishiguro, director of the Intelligent Robotics Laboratory at Osaka University, Japan. He believes the time is coming when robots start looking less like machines, and more like us.

Welcome to the Machine

People are going to have to like, and important trust robots before they welcome them into their homes, and several groups around the world are working on making it easier to communicate with them.

Much of human interaction takes place unconsciously, through body language. Gestures, eye contact, and concepts of personal are all things that robots are being taught.

In learning about how people interact with machines, researchers are also discovering new roles for robots in our lives. Robots can communicate with human in

ways that other technology can not.

"If someone finds the robot to be more persuasive, more credible, that's going to affect how they interact with it," says Dr Cynthia Breazeal, director of the Personal Robots Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

“We can now start to think about domains where it's the social interaction, which is the core means by which a robot helps someone, through motivating them, or giving positive reinforcement"

Dr Breazeal says that means robots could have applications in education, learning, and healthcare, where social support is important.

Roboticists have had impressive results with autistic（患自闭症的）children, who often find communication difficult. Children seem to be able to interact more easily with a robot "buddy" than with other people.

In Control

Science fiction may have primed us for the coming robot revolution, but it has also given us an idea of the types of controls we may want to consider before welcoming robots into our lives and homes.

One of the most celebrated science fiction authors, Isaac Asimov, outlined "Three Laws of Robotics" in a novel featuring human-like robots:

"A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws."

At present, robots are not sophisticated enough to be made to behave ethically. Prof Winfield says that means roboticists building them need to behave ethically instead.

1. According to this passage the current robots in Japan can.

A. talk with the elderly when they feel lonely

B. do all the everyday chores for the elderly

C. take care of the elderly carefully and completely

D. assist the elderly in getting up from bed or a fall

2. What CANNOT be inferred from the passage about the current robots?

A. They have been taught to communicate with human beings.

B. They have been designed to be like persons rather than machines.

C. They have been used in many fields like education and nursing.

D. They have been enabled to interact with autistic kids effectively.

3. The main aim of rules outlined by Isaac Asimov may be to .

A. protect robots

B. ensure humans' safely

C. prohibit the coming robots revolution

D. welcome the robots into our lives

4. The last paragraph of this passage most probably means.

A. current robots are not emotional yet

B. current robots are able to express their morals

C. roboticists are responsible for their robots' moral behaviors

D. roboticists are smart enough to design complicated robots

5. What would be the alternative title for this passage?

A. Ready for the Robot Revolution?

B. Sure of Your Control Over Robots?

C. Aware of Advantages of Robots?

D. Able to Interact with Robots?

Text B How Technology Made Civilization Possible

A）By the time modern man appeared, probably in Africa between 100 000 and 250 000 years ago, his forefathers had already invented stone tools. It is possible that they had also manufactured crude canoes and shelters. However, it would take many more years and a succession vital inventions for man to evolve from a primitive

hunter-gatherer to the highly technologically literate(有文化的) citizen of the time of Christ.

B）We like to think that we are currently living through a period when technology has an unparalleled hold on society, but it is nothing compared with that of the ancient world, when invention and technology were the most powerful forces shaping civilization. Technology was the one factor that made all the other changes possible. Without the inventions of ink and papyrus (草制成之纸)，many of man's ideas would not have spread as fast nor as widely. Without weapons and, later, the wheel, armies would not have won territories as quickly.

C）The single largest step in early man's social evolution came around 10 000 years ago with theinvention of animal husbandry(饲养业) and agriculture. This enabled him to progress from living in nomadic（游牧的）communities to settling in villages and small towns. The progress was brought about by a combination of climatic change and ma n’s invention of more efficient hunting tools, of a means of controlling and utilizing fire to clear undergrowth and of ways of building lasting shelters. It led to a massive growth in population, which in turn triggered a further rapid increase in technological innovation.

D）Four thousand years later, the urban revolution had brought a momentous cultural transition that in turn generated new needs. These were met by a quantum leap in technological innovation and the establishment of craftsmen and scientists. For the first Ume, manufacturing became established as man invented ways of making textiles, firing ceramics (陶器), producing metalwork and processing foodstuffs.This prompted barter methods to evolve into more sophisticated trading arrangement, culminating (达到顶点）in the invention of tokens or early money.

E）With these technologic, changes came a corresponding increase in the complexity of the social and political organization of human groups, which in turn necessitated the invention of written language, first to keep track of trading arrangements, then to communicate and record events, processes, philophies and, of course, inventions.

F）The history of invention is littered with inventions that had little or no purpose and

never caught on, but this was still a period of invention for necessity's sake. It would be some timebefore an invention would be greeted with questions as to its role — and even longer untilMichael Faraday would retort, "What use is a baby?" when asked what use his dynamo had.

G) It was also a period when science and technology’s symbiotic (共生的）relationship was reversed. Technology, now often the application of scientific discovery and observation, predatedscience and in this period was empirical and handed down through the generations. By the timethe city states were flowering in the early centuries BC, scientist-inventors began to emerge.Figures such as Hero, Strato, Ctesibius and Philon used observations and measurements of the physical and natural world to devise inventions. However, they were all minnows (小鱼) when compared with Archimedes. Here was a man of the caliber（才干）that the world would not see again until Sir Isaac Newton in the 17th century. The inventor had truly arrived.

1. The invention of early money was the direct result of complicated business arrangements.

2. The history of man’s using stone tools dates back to almost a quarter of a million years ago.

3. Livestock farming and agriculture made it possible for early man to settle down.

4. In ancient times, technology happened before scientific theories and based on experience.

5. The invention of arms and vehicles enabled soldiers to rapidly conquer lands.

6. In the ancient world, the most important factors pushing civilization forward were intention and technology.

7. Written language was invented firstly to record trading arrangements.

8.During the earlier period of invention what people were interested in was the invention for necessity’s sake

9.At present, technology usually means putting scientific discovery and observation to use.

10.Early scientists made inventions on the basis of their observations and measurements of the world

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大学体验英语听说教程3原文与答案大学体验英语听说教程3 Listening Task部分+答案 UNIT1 1.A: Jake Sutton～Is that you, man? How are you? B: Hey, Andrew! I didn?trecognize you for a moment, long time no see! A: Yeah, wow, Ihaven?tseenyousincehighschool graduation! what?ve you been up to? B: I?vebeenbackEast, at collage. A: collage? Where? B: Boston. b. u. A: Oh, cool. B: And this past year, I got to go to Spain as an exchange student. A: Spain? No kidding? I remember you always hoped for an international lifestyle. B: exactly. A: So how was is, amigo? B: Oh, man, it was so great; I got to see a lot of Europe. A: Year! Like where, B: All over. Italy, France, Greece, and my homestay family was really nice. They?ve invited me back again if I want to go to graduate school there. A; sounds like we won?t be seeing you for anther few more years then, eh? B: I dunno. Half of me wants to go , half of me wants to stay here , you know, when i was there , I missed home a lot more than I thought I would.

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大学英语快速阅读1翻译

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