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Unit 7 Culture新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译

Unit 7 Culture新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译
Unit 7 Culture新编大学英语第二版第二册课文翻译

Unit 7 Culture

Bridging Cultural Gaps Gracefully

[1] Why is it that when you study a foreign language, you never learn the little phrases that let you slip into a culture without all your foreignness exposed? Every Chinese-language textbook starts out with the standard phrase for greeting people; but as an American, I constantly found myself tongue-tied when it came to seeing guests off at the door. An abrupt goodbye would not do, yet that was all I had ever learned from these books. So I would smile and nod, bowing like a Japanese and trying to find words that would smooth over the visitors' leaving and make them feel they would be welcome to come again. In my fluster, I often hid behind my Chinese husband's graciousness.

[2] Then finally, listening to others, I began to pick up the phrases that eased relations and sent people off with a feeling of mission not only accomplished but surpassed.

[3] Partings for the Chinese involve a certain amount of ritual and a great deal of one-upmanship. Although I'm not expected to observe or even know all the rules, as a foreigner, I've had to learn the expressions of politeness and protest that accompany a leave-taking.

[4] The Chinese feel they must see a guest off to the farthest feasible point—down a flight of stairs to the street below or perhaps all the way to the nearest bus stop. I've sometimes waited half an hour or more for my husband to return from seeing a guest off, since he's gone to the bus stop and waited for the next bus to arrive.

[5] For a less import ant or perhaps a younger guest, he may simply say, “I won't see you off, all right?” And of course the guest assures him that he would never think of putting him to the trouble of seeing him off. “Don't see me off! Don't see me off!”

[6] That's all very well, but when I'm the guest being seen off, my protests are always useless, and my hostess or host, or both, insists on seeing me down the stairs and well on my way, with our going through the “Don't bother to see me off” ritual at every landing. If I try to go fast to discourage them from following, they are simply put to the discomfort of having to flee after me. Better to accept the inevitable.

[7] Besides, that's going against Chinese custom, because haste is to be avoided. What do you say when you part from someone? “Go slowly.” Not farewell or Godspeed, but “Go slowly.” To the Chinese it means “Take care” or “Watch your step” or some other such caution, but translated literally it means “Go slow.”

[8] That same “slow” is used in another polite express ion used by the host at the end of a particularly large and delicious meal to assure his guests what a poor and inadequate

host he has been.

[9] American and Chinese cultures are at polar opposites. An American hostess, complimented for her cooking skills, is likely to say, “Oh, I'm so glad that you liked it. I cooked it especially for you.” Not so a Chinese host or hostess (often the husband does the fancy cooking), who will instead apologize for giving you “nothing” even slightly edible and for not showing you enough honor by providing proper dishes.

[10] The same rules hold true with regard to children. American parents speak proudly of their children's accomplishments, telling how Johnny made the school team or Jane made the honor roll. Not so Chinese parents, whose children, even if at the top of their class in school, are always so “naughty”, never studying, never listening to their elders, and so forth.

[11] The Chinese take pride in “modesty”; the Americans in “straightforwardness”. That modesty has left many a Chinese hungry at an American table, for Chinese politeness calls for three refusals before one accepts an offer, and the American hosts take

a “no” to mean “no”, whether it's the first, second, or third time.

[12] Recently, a member of a delegation sent to China by a large American corporation complained to me about how the Chinese had asked them three times if they would be willing to modify some proposal, and each time the Americans had said “no” clearly and definitely. My friend was angry because the Chinese had not taken their word the first time. I recognized the problem immediately and wondered why the Americans had not studied up on cultural differences before coming to China. It would have saved them a lot of confusion and frustration in their negotiations.

[13] Once you've learned the signals and how to respond, life becomes much easier. When guests come, I know I should immediately ask if they'd like a cup of tea. They will respond, “Please don't bother,” which is my signal to fetch tea.

从容得体德跨越文化沟壑

1 在外语学习中,学会一些简单的词组就能让你不知不觉地进入另一种文化,而丝毫不暴露你作为一个外国人的身份,但你为什么总是学不会呢?每本汉语课本都,一律从问候语开始的。但是作为美国人,每当我要送客出门时,我总是张口结舌说不出话。唐突的说声再见是不行的,然而,这就是我从这些课本里所学到的一切了。因此我只能微笑,点头,像个日本人似的鞠躬,并拼命的想找些话来说,以缓和离别的气氛,使他们觉得我确实欢迎他们再来。因此,我常常靠我中国丈夫的彬彬有礼来掩饰自己的慌乱。

2 后来,通过听别人说话,我开始学会一些使客人听了舒服的言辞,感到送客这项重要的任务,我不仅顺利完成了,而且完成得很出色。

3 对中国人来讲,送客需要有一定的礼仪和很多胜人一筹的本领。尽管没有人期望我去遵守甚至了解所有这些规矩,但作为一个外国人,我还得学会那些在送客时必不可少的表示客气及推让的话。

4 中国人觉得送客必须送到尽可能远的地方——送下楼梯到马路上,或者也许一直送到最近的汽车站。有时候,我等了半个小时甚至还要长的时间,才等到丈夫送客人回来,因为他一直把客人送到汽车站并等到下一班汽车到站。

5 对一般的或比他年轻的客人,我丈夫也许只是说:“我不送你了,行吗?”当然,客人会让她相信,从没想过要麻烦主人送他:“不要送!不要送!”

6 这样好倒是好,但当我成为别送的客人时,我的推让总是无效;而且,女主人或男主人甚至两个人都要送我下楼,并陪我走好一段路,而每下一段楼梯我都照理说一遍“不要麻烦送我了”。如果我是想走得快一点以免让他们跟上来,那只会使他们更不舒服:他们得在我后面紧追。最好还是接受着不可避免的礼节。

7 而且,那也是违背中国习俗的,因为“匆忙”最要不得。你跟别人分手时说什么呢?“慢走”。不说“再见”或“一路顺风”,而是“慢走”。对中国人来讲,她的意思是“小心”或“脚下留神”或是诸如此类关照的话,但其直译是“慢走”。

8 同一个“慢”字还被用于另一句客套话中,那就是在一顿极其丰盛美味的饭后,主人向客人(说“怠慢了”)表示他是一个不称职,招待不周的主人。

9 美国和中国的文化截然不同。美国的女主人,当别人赞扬他的烹调技术时,很可能会说:“哦,你喜欢,我就高兴。我是特地为你做的。”而中国的男女主人就不一样(通常是男主人做一些高难度的菜),他们会认为“没什么好吃的”,以及没有合适的菜不成敬意而道歉。

10 同样的规则也适用于对待小孩。美国的父母谈起自己的孩子的成就时十分自豪,会说约翰尼是如何成为校队的一员,简是如何被评为优秀生上了光荣榜的。中国父母则不同,即使他们的孩子在班上名列前茅,也总是说他们非常顽皮,不肯读书以及4从来不听大人的话等等。

11 中国人谦虚为荣;而美国人则崇尚“直率”这种谦虚使许多中国人去了美国人家里吃饭时不能吃饱,因为按照中国的礼节,任何东西需要再三推让才能接受,而美国主人则认为“不要”就是“不要”,不管是第一次,第二次还是第三次。

12 最近,美国某大公司访华的一位成员向我抱怨说,关于他们愿不愿意修改某提议,中国人竟问了他们三次,而且每次美国人都清清楚楚,斩钉截铁的说“不”。我的朋友很生气,因为中国人没把他们第一次说的话当回事。我马上就意识到问题所在,而且奇怪这些美国人为什么没在去中国之前彻底研究一下文化差异。那样他们在谈判中就可以免去很多困惑和挫折。

13 一旦你知道了应答的信号和方法,生活就变轻松多了。当客人刚到的时候,我知道我应该马上问他们要不要喝茶。他们会说:请不要麻烦了。”这正是我该去泡茶的信号。

Dining Customs in America

[1] Every country has its own peculiar dining customs. Americans feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be on time. If a person is invited to dinner at six-thirty, the hostess expects him to be there at six-thirty or not more than a few minutes after. Because she usually does the cooking, she times the meal so that the hot rolls and the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time the guests come. If they are late, the food will not be so good, and the hostess will be disappointed. When the guest cannot come on time, he calls his host or hostess on the telephone, gives the reason, and tells at what time he can come. Depending on the situation, guests sometimes bring a box of candy or some flowers to give to the hostess as a sign of appreciation.

[2] As guests continue to arrive, it is usually considered polite for the men in the group to stand when a woman enters the room and continue to stand until she is seated. However, most young people and some groups of older people that stress equality of the sexes no longer observe the custom. A visitor should be sensitive to each situation and follow the lead of the Americans present.

[3] When the guests sit down at a dinner table, it is customary for the men to help the ladies by pushing their chairs under them. Some Americans no longer do this, so the visitor must notice what others do and do likewise. Until the meal is under way, if the dinner is in a private home, a guest may avoid embarrassment by leaving the talking to someone else. Some families have a habit of offering a prayer of thanks before they eat. Other families do not. If a prayer is offered, everyone sits quietly with bowed head until the prayer is over. If the family does not follow the custom, there is no pause in the conversation.

[4] There is a difference between American and European customs in using the knife and fork. Europeans keep the knife in the right hand, the fork in the left. They use both hands in eating. Americans, on the contrary, use just one hand whenever possible and keep the other one on their lap. They constantly change their fork to the left hand when they have to cut meat. Between bites they put the fork on their plate while drinking coffee or buttering bread. Europeans are more apt to drink coffee after the meal and to keep their knife and fork in hand until they finish eating.

[5] Since Americans often lay their silverware down during the meal, certain customs have developed. It is not considered good manners to leave a spoon in a soup bowl or coffee cup or any other dish. It is put where it will lie flat (a coffee spoon on the saucer, a soup spoon on the service plate beside the soup bowl, etc.) but not on the tablecloth. By doing this, one is less likely to knock the silverware onto the floor or spill the food.

Another difference in custom is that Americans and Europeans use the side of the soup spoon, not the tip.

[6] Americans do not use silverware for eating bread. They hold it in their fingers, usually breaking it first. Other things that Americans eat with their fingers are corn on the cob, celery, radishes, and olives. In America a person does not eat lettuce that way, nor pick up a soup bowl to drink what remains at the bottom.

[7] If for any reason a guest has to leave the table during a meal, he or she should ask the hostess, “Would you please excuse me for a minute?” When the meal is finished, the guests put their napkins on the table and rise. Guests do not fold their napkins in the original folds unless they are house guests and intend to stay for more than one meal.

[8] Following dinner, guests usually stay for two or three hours, but the thoughtful person is careful not to overstay his or her welcome. The host and hostess may urge a guest to stay longer in order to be polite, but most dinner parties break up at about 11 o'clock.

[9] As the guests leave, it is the custom to thank the hostess for a very pleasant evening. One may say anything that expresses appreciation. Common expressions are: “Good-bye. It was so nice of you to have me,” or “Good-bye. It's been a thoroughly enjoyable evening,” or “Thank you. I've had a very nice time.” For larger favors than a dinner party, such as an overnight or weekend visit, it is customary to send a thank-you note.

美国的进餐习俗

1 每个国家都有其独特的进餐习俗。美国人认为,作为一名有礼貌的客人,第一条规矩就是守时。如果一个人被邀请于六点半赴宴,女主人期待他在六点半或稍后几分钟到。因为通常是她做饭,她算好时间,以便客人到时热面包卷,咖啡和肉正好吃。如果客人来迟了,饭菜就不那么好吃了,女主人会感到失望的。如果客人不能按时到,就应打电话给男女主人,说明理由,并告诉他们什么时候能到。根据具体情况,客人有时会带一盒糖果或一些鲜花送给女主人以表谢意。

2 当客人们陆续到来时,如有女士进屋,在场的男士们应起身等女士入座后再坐下,这通常被视为是一种礼貌的行为。然而,多数年轻人和一些年纪再大一些的人,他们重视男女平等,不再遵守这一习俗。来访的客人应留意各种情况,跟在场的美国人去做。

3 客人在餐桌就坐时,按照习俗男士应帮助女士推椅入座。有些美国人现在已不再这样做了,所以来访者必须留心别人的做法,并照着他们的做法去做。如果宴会是在个人的家里举行的,在开始吃饭前,要避免(说话)尴尬,客人可以(自己不说)让别人聊。有些家庭习惯于在饭前祈祷感谢上帝,有些家庭则没有这样的习惯。如果要做祷告,每个人都静静地低

头坐着,直到祷告结束。如果主人家没有这样的习惯,聊天则无需中断。

4 美国人与欧洲人使用刀叉的习惯不同。欧洲人右手拿刀,左手拿叉,吃东西时两手都用。美国人则相反,尽可能只用一只手,另一只手放在膝盖上。他们要切肉时通常把叉换到左手。在不往嘴里送食物时,喝咖啡或在面包上涂黄油时,他们把叉放在自己的盘子上。欧洲人更习惯于饭后喝咖啡,没吃完饭时刀叉就一直拿在手里。

5 由于美国人进餐时经常会放下刀叉等金属餐具,一些习俗也随之形成。把勺子留在汤碗里,咖啡杯里或其他盘子里都被看作是不礼貌的。勺子应该放在可以平放的地方(如咖啡勺放在茶托上,汤勺放在汤碗旁边的托盘上,等等),但不放在桌布上。这样做就不大会把金属餐具碰到地板上或把食物碰撒出来。另一个不同的习俗是美国人和欧洲人都用汤勺的侧边和东西而不是前端。

6 美国人吃面包是不用刀叉,而是通常先把面包掰开用手拿。美国人用手拿着吃的东西还有玉米棒,芹菜,萝卜和橄榄。在美国,人们不用手来抓生菜吃,也不端起汤碗喝碗底剩下的汤。

7 如果客人在就餐时不得不离开餐桌的话,他(她)应该向女主人说:“对不起,我能离开一会儿吗?”进餐结束后,客人们把餐巾放在桌上,然后起身。客人不用按原样把餐巾折好,除非是暂住的客人,要住下来不止吃一顿饭。

8 饭后,客人通常会再呆两三个小时,但客人要考虑周到,注意不要因呆得太久而不受欢迎。出于礼貌男女主人也许会劝客人多呆一会,但多数宴请11点钟左右就结束了。

9 按照习俗,客人临走时应感谢女主人让他们度过一个愉快的夜晚。你可以说一些感谢的话。通常的说法有:“再见,你让我来参加宴会真是太好了,”或“再见了,今晚过得开心极了,”或“谢谢,我过得很愉快。”对于那些比宴会更大的款待,如在主人家过夜或度周末,习惯上应给主人寄一封感谢信。

Specific Taboos

[1] If someone gave you a lily at any time other than Easter, you might be surprised because in our culture a lily is regarded as a symbol of death. Husbands here might feel hurt if some well-intentioned visitor gave their wives sexy undergarments. Those are just two examples of taboo gifts in America.

[2] So it is with other cultures. We can't possibly mention all of the taboos here—indeed, they probably are not all listed anywhere. However, the following list covers some key taboos:

[3] The Japanese customarily wrap their gifts in paper, but they don't use white paper (color of death); they don't use bright colored paper; and they don't use bows.

[4] Don't give four of anything to a Japanese or Korean; it is the “bad luck” number, like the number 13 in many cultures including the United States and Britain.

[5] Don't give a clock to a Chinese; the word for clock in Chinese has a funeral connotation to it.

[6] For someone from China's Hong Kong SAR, giving two of something, or a pair, carries better luck than a single item.

[7] Among Latin Americans, the gift of a knife or knives suggests the “cutting” of a relationship; yet this notion can be blunted by including a coin with the knives.

[8] In the Middle East, a handkerchief suggests tears or parting, and therefore is inappropriate as a gift.

[9] Flowers carry all kinds of symbolism: purple flowers are the flowers of death in Mexico and Brazil; the same with white flowers in Japan; and white chrysanthemums are the flower of death in many European countries. Also, it is considered bad luck in many European countries to present an even number of flowers. Therefore, always present an odd number (except for 13, of course).

[10] When you present flowers to a person from Germany, always unwrap the bouquet first.

[11] Giving red roses in Germany signals that you have strong romantic interests. In fact, throughout history, the rose has signified “secrecy”. Consider the Latin word sub rosa, meaning secret, and note that many confessional booths in Catholic churches have carvings of roses above the doors.

[12] Giving a French person a gift of perfume is carrying the proverbial coals to Newcastle.

[13] In the Middle East, any pictures of partially unclothed females (even of famous statues) or of pet animals, like dogs who are considered dirty and lowly, are inappropriate gifts.

[14] In rank-conscious societies like Japan, be careful to present gifts in accordance with position and prestige. If several people are involved and you are uncertain about the hierarchy, give the group a joint gift (e.g. a silver tray, a carving, porcelain statue, fine molded glass).

[15] Tone down corporate symbols on your gifts. Either make them very subtle or simply insert your business card with the gift.

特有的禁忌

1 如果有人在复活节以外的日子里送你一朵百合花,你可能会吃惊,因为在我们的文化中,百合花被以为是死亡的象征。在这里,如果某个好心的客人送给女主人性感内衣,他们的丈夫会感到难受。这不仅仅是美国送礼禁忌中的两个例子。

2 别的文化也有自己的禁忌。我们不可能在此一一列举所有的禁忌——事实上,也许在任何地方都找不到这样一份单子。不过,下面列举的都是一些重要的禁忌:

3 按照习俗,日本人用纸包礼物,但不用白纸(白色是死亡的颜色),不用色彩鲜艳的纸,也不用蝴蝶结。

4 不要给日本人或朝鲜人送任何数目为4的东西,这个数字表示“不吉利”,就像在英美等许多文化中的“13”一样。

5 不要给中国人送钟,“钟”这个字在汉语中会让人联想到葬礼。

6 给中国的香港特区人送礼要成双成对,因为对他们而言两个比一个更吉利。

7 在拉丁美洲,给别人送刀意味着“断绝”关系,但是随刀再送一枚硬币的话,这种含义就减弱了。

8 在中东,手帕表示眼泪或分别,因此作为礼物是不合适的。

9 鲜花有各种各样的象征意义:在墨西哥和巴西,紫色的花是死亡之花,在日本白色的花代表死亡;而在许多欧洲国家白菊花则代表死亡。同样,在许多欧洲国家,送双数的鲜花也被认为是(会带来)坏运气。因此送花要送单数(当然13朵除外)。

10 给德国人送花时,你一定要先打开花束的包装纸。

11 给德国人送红玫瑰暗示你有强烈的浪漫情趣。事实上,古往今来,玫瑰一直象征着“秘密”。拉丁语中的“sub rosa ”就是秘密的意思,再看看很多天主教堂里德忏悔室,门的上方都雕刻着玫瑰。

12 给法国人送香水如同谚语中说的“把煤运到纽卡斯尔“一样,纯属多此一举。

13 在中东,送任何女性的图片,如果图中有部分身体裸露(即使是著名雕塑也不例外),

或送有宠物的画,比如被认为是肮脏和低贱的狗,都是不合适的。

14 在特别注重等级的社会里,例如日本,所送的礼物要注意与受礼之人的职位和声望

相符。如果涉及到好几个人而又不能确定他们的等级,那就给这些人送一件共同的礼物

(如一只银托盘、一件雕刻品、一件瓷的塑像或是做工精致的玻璃制品)。

15 尽量使礼物上公司的标志不那么显眼。要么把它们弄得不引人注目,要么干脆把你

的名片和礼物夹在一起。

必修一课文及翻译

必修一 Unit 1 Friendship ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in Netherlands during Would WarⅡ.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazi .She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said ,”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do ,but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty .”Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. …For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the windo w had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…. …Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains han ging before very dusty windows. it’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Your, Anne 安妮最好的朋友 你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你,会不理解你目前的困境呢安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友,所以她把的日记当作自己最好的朋友。 在第二次世界大战期间,安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人,所以他们不得不躲藏起来,否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了将近25个月之后才被发现。在那段时期,她的日记成了她唯一忠实的朋友。她说:“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友,我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。”现在,来看看安妮自1942年7月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧。 1944年6月15日,星期四 亲爱的基蒂: 我不知道这是不是因为我太久不能出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚,以前,湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花,从未令我心迷神

Unit-10-Agriculture新编大学英语第二版第一册课文翻译讲课稿

Unit 10 Agriculture Farming for the Future [1] Every year, more people face poverty and hunger and more of the earth's resources are ruined. The problems are enormous, but many experts believe that the situation is not hopeless. The solution will require big changes in how we think about agriculture, food, and our planet. [2] First of all, farmers everywhere need to develop methods that are less destructive to the environment. The change from single crop farming to a mixed crop system would be one important step. The planting of several different crops improves the soil and helps prevent erosion. Erosion could also be prevented by planting trees to protect the fields from the wind. Another way farmers could improve the soil is to avoid deep plowing. In fact, only a slight plowing is necessary if proper methods are used. [3] If the soil were treated better, farmers would not need to use chemical fertilizers. They could use natural animal and vegetable products instead. With mixed crops, farmers would need fewer toxic chemical insecticides. They could use biological methods of controlling insects and disease. [4] Farmers could also help save the earth's precious supplies of water and petroleum. To save water, they could plant more water-efficient plants instead of the standard types of wheat or corn. They could also use watering systems that are much less wasteful. To save petroleum, farmers could make use of bio-gas generators which could be fueled by the vegetable and animal wastes of the farms. In less-developed countries, bio-gas generators could reduce the need for firewood and so help save forests, as well. [5] In less-developed countries, the small farmers need help. They need to learn more about crops that are better suited to local conditions. They need to learn how to limit erosion and make the best use of their resources. These farmers will never be successful without land and economic reform. This should be the aim of governments and international agencies. The current industrial and cash crop policies are only making the situation worse. [6] Industrialized countries could use their economic resources to help bring about these changes. They could make some changes in their own policies. At present, much food is wasted in these countries for political reasons. In Europe and in North America, tons of fruit and dairy products are thrown away every year. Eating habits, too, could be changed in these countries. For example, people often eat foods from distant places instead of local foods. The transportation of the imported foods adds to the global pollution problem. People in industrialized countries also eat a lot of meat, especially beef.

前赤壁赋原文及赏析翻译

前赤壁赋 宋代:苏轼 壬戌之秋,七月既望,苏子与客泛舟游于赤壁之下。清风徐来,水波不兴。举酒属客,诵明月之诗,歌窈窕之章。少焉,月出于东山之上,徘徊于斗牛之间。白露横江,水光接天。纵一苇之所如,凌万顷之茫然。浩浩乎如冯虚御风,而不知其所止;飘飘乎如遗世独立,羽化而登仙。(冯通:凭) 于是饮酒乐甚,扣舷而歌之。歌曰:“桂棹兮兰桨,击空明兮溯流光。渺渺兮予怀, 望美人兮天一方。”客有吹洞箫者,倚歌而和之。其声呜呜然,如怨如慕,如泣如诉;余 音袅袅,不绝如缕。舞幽壑之潜蛟,泣孤舟之嫠妇。 苏子愀然,正襟危坐,而问客曰:“何为其然也?”客曰:“‘月明星稀,乌鹊南飞。’此非曹孟德之诗乎?西望夏口,东望武昌,山川相缪,郁乎苍苍,此非孟德之困于 周郎者乎?方其破荆州,下江陵,顺流而东也,舳舻千里,旌旗蔽空,酾酒临江,横槊赋诗,固一世之雄也,而今安在哉?况吾与子渔樵于江渚之上,侣鱼虾而友麋鹿,驾一叶之 扁舟,举匏樽以相属。寄蜉蝣于天地,渺沧海之一粟。哀吾生之须臾,羡长江之无穷。挟飞仙以遨游,抱明月而长终。知不可乎骤得,托遗响于悲风。” 苏子曰:“客亦知夫水与月乎?逝者如斯,而未尝往也;盈虚者如彼,而卒莫消长也。盖将自其变者而观之,则天地曾不能以一瞬;自其不变者而观之,则物与我皆无尽也,而 又何羡乎!且夫天地之间,物各有主,苟非吾之所有,虽一毫而莫取。惟江上之清风,与

山间之明月,耳得之而为声,目遇之而成色,取之无禁,用之不竭。是造物者之无尽藏也,而吾与子之所共适。”(共适一作:共食) 客喜而笑,洗盏更酌。肴核既尽,杯盘狼籍。相与枕藉乎舟中,不知东方之既白。 2965 辞赋精选,高中文言文,古文观止,写景,饮酒,感叹,哲理 译文及注释 佚名 译文 壬戌年秋,七月十六日,苏轼与友人在赤壁下泛舟游玩。清风阵阵拂来,水面波澜不起。举起酒杯向同伴敬酒,吟诵着与明月有关的文章,歌颂窈窕这一章。不多时,明月从 东山后升起,徘徊在斗宿与牛宿之间。白茫茫的雾气横贯江面,清泠泠的水光连着天际。 任凭小船儿在茫无边际的江上飘荡,越过苍茫万顷的江面。(我的情思)浩荡,就如同凭 空乘风,却不知道在哪里停止,飘飘然如遗弃尘世,超然独立,成为神仙,进入仙境。 这时候喝酒喝得高兴起来,用手叩击着船舷,应声高歌。歌中唱道:“桂木船棹呵香 兰船桨,迎击空明的粼波,逆着流水的泛光。我的心怀悠远,想望伊人在天涯那方”。有 吹洞箫的客人,按着节奏为歌声伴和,洞箫呜呜作声:像是怨恨,又像是思慕,像是哭泣,又像是倾诉,尾声凄切、婉转、悠长,如同不断的细丝。能使深谷中的蛟龙为之起舞,能

新编大学英语1翻译答案

一、 1、当我知道详细情况时,我意识到我不该在办公室发脾气。 When I knew the details ,I realized that I shouldn’t have lost the temper at the office. 2、我和鲍勃不是很熟,不过我们偶尔出去喝一杯。 I don’t know Bob very well ,but we go out for a drink occasionally. 3、会议应该在周二召开,但我们不得不推迟。 The meeting is supposed to be held on Tuesday, but we have to put it off. 4、我国政府采取行动使那个国家的所以中国人回到了祖国。 Our government took action to get all the Chinese back to homeland in that country. 5、包括周末在内,仅仅还有12天时间可以用来买圣诞礼物。 Including the weekend ,there is only 12days to buy Charismas presents. 6、如不立即采取行动,许多野生动物就会因饥饿而死亡。 Without taking action immediately ,many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger. 三、 1、除非你有经验,否则你得不到这份工作。 You won’t got this job unless you have got the experience. 2、我把大部分时间都花在研究中美文化差异上了。 Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American culture. 3、这句话意思很清楚,绝不会引起误会。 This sentence is so clear that it can’t cause any misunderstanding. 4、他希望能给予她比现在更多的帮助。 He hopes he could give her more help than he does. 5、要记得邀请她来参加生日晚会,不然她会抱怨的。 Remember to invite her to the birthday party ,or she would complain. 6、主任说,你必须把购置设备的2500美元加到成本中去。 The Director said ,you have to add 2500 dollars for equipment purchase to the cost. 7、了解自己的长处、弱点以及所处的环境很重要。 It’s important to be aware of your strengths, weaknesses and the environment you are in. 8、如果你继续对大家这么粗鲁,不久你就会发现自己什么朋友都没有了。 You will find yourself without any friends at all if you keep on being so rude to everyone. 四、 1、做出贡献的人太多了,无法一一提及。 The individuals who have contributed are far too many to mention. 2、半夜里,嘈杂声把我们吵醒了。 The noise woke us up in the middle of the night. 3、他不应该对我说的话感到生气,那仅仅是个玩笑而已。 He shouldn’t have been angry at what I said, it was nothing more than a joke. 4、我们邀请了所以的朋友去野餐,但是由于下雨只来了其中5位。 We invited all our friends to the picnic ,but it rained and only 5 of them showed up. 5、婚姻被视为一件严肃的事。 Marriage is viewed as a serious matter. 6、令我失望的是,这部电影并不像我期待得那么好。 To my disappointment ,the movie didn’t live up to my expectations. 七、

高中英语必修一课文及其翻译

Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. …For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly …I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne

赤壁之战课本原文及翻译

赤壁之战 司马光 (一) 初,鲁肃闻刘表卒,言于孙权(状语后置)曰:“荆州与国邻接,江山险固,沃野万里,士民殷富,若据而有之,此帝王之资也。 当初,鲁肃听说刘表死了,就对孙权说:“荆州与我国接邻,地理形势险要、坚固,肥沃的土地方圆万里,百姓殷实富裕,如果占有它,这就是开创帝王事业的凭借。 今刘表新亡,二子不协,军中诸将,各有彼此。 现在刘表刚死,他(刘表)的两个儿子(刘琦、刘琮)不和睦,军队中的那些将领,有的拥戴刘琦,有的拥戴刘琮。 刘备天下枭雄(判断),与操有隙,寄寓于表(状语后置),表恶其能而不能用也。 刘备是天下的豪杰,跟曹操有仇,寄居在刘表那里,刘表嫉妒他的才能而不重用(他)。 若备与彼协心,上下齐同,则宜抚安,与结盟好;如有离违,宜别图之,以济大事。 如果刘备同他们(指原属刘表手下的人)荆州方面的人同心协力,上下一致,(我们)就应当安抚他们,与他们结盟友好;如果他们有所背离(指刘表和荆州将领不能合作),(我们)就该另外筹划这件事情,以成就(我们的)大业。 肃请得奉命吊表二子,并慰劳其军中用事者,及说备使抚表众,同心一意,共治曹操,备必喜而从命。 我请求奉您之命去慰问刘表的两个儿子,并慰劳(他们)军中掌权的人物,以及劝说刘备使他安抚刘表的部下,同心一意,共同对付曹操,刘备一定会高兴而听从我们的意见。 如其克谐,天下可定也。今不速往,恐为操所先(被动句)。” 如果这件事能够成功,天下就可以安定下来了。现在不赶快前往,恐怕就被曹操占了先机(抢先)。” 权即遣肃行。到夏口,闻操已向荆州,晨夜兼道,比至南郡,而琮已降,备南走,肃径迎之,与备会于当阳长坂(状语后置)。 孙权立刻派鲁肃前往。(鲁肃)到夏口,听说曹操已向荆州进军,(于是)日夜赶路,等(鲁肃)到了南郡,(刘表的二儿子)刘琮已投降曹操,刘备向南逃跑,鲁肃直接迎向前去,与刘备在当阳县长坂

Unit-6-A-World-of-Mystery新编大学英语第二版第一册课文翻译

Unit 6 A World of Mystery The Bermuda Triangle [1] On 5th December 1945, Flight 19, which consisted of five US Navy planes, took off from Fort Lauderdale, Florida in fine weather. There was a total of fourteen men on board the planes. The planes were in good condition; they had the best equipment on board including compasses and radios, and they also carried life rafts. The planes could float on water for ninety seconds. One and a half hours after the take-off, a radio message from one of the planes was heard at the control tower at Fort Lauderdale. [2] "I don't know where we are." [3] After that the planes could no longer speak to the control tower, but they could speak to and hear each other, and the control tower could hear them. [4] "The magnetic compass is going crazy." [5] "We're completely lost." [6] No other messages were heard after that. Nobody else heard from the planes or saw them again. Three hundred planes and many boats searched the area, but not one trace of Flight 19 was found. Then one of the planes that was sent to look for them also disappeared completely. [7] These planes had disappeared in a very mysterious part of the world in the western Atlantic Ocean where lots of strange events have taken place. The mystery started long before 1945, and since that year many other ships and planes have also disappeared in this area. It is called the Bermuda Triangle. It is a large, triangular area of the ocean with the island of Bermuda at its northern tip. [8] Planes and ships disappear in other parts of the world, but there are more disappearances in the Triangle than in other areas. For years now scientists and others have been puzzled by this mystery. There have been many attempts to explain why people, planes and ships disappear in such high numbers here . [9] One writer, John Spencer, believes that the ships and planes have been carried off from the sea and sky by flying saucers or UFOs from another planet. Since there are millions of other planets in the universe, Spencer believes there must be other intelligent creatures somewhere in the universe. These creatures are interested in collecting humans and their equipment so that they can examine them carefully. [10] Another theory is that the geography of the area is responsible for the disappearances of the ships and planes. Bermuda lies on an earthquake belt. Underwater earthquakes result in large waves appearing suddenly. These waves are so big that they can break a ship into pieces. In the air, a similar thing can happen to airplanes because of

新编大学英语3课文原文

Book 3 Unit 1 Personality The Misery of Shyness Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a great many people. All kinds of people describe themselves as shy: short, tall, dull, intelligent, young, old, slim, overweight. Shy people are anxious and self-conscious; that is, they are excessively concerned with their own appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are constantly swirling in their minds: What kind of impression am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid? I'm ugly. I'm wearing unattractive clothes. It is obvious that such uncomfortable feelings must affect people adversely. A person's self-concept is reflected in the way he or she behaves, and the way a person behaves affects other people's reactions. In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives. For instance, people who have a positive sense of self-worth or high self-esteem usually act with confidence. Because they have self-assurance, they do not need constant praise and encouragement from others to feel good about themselves. Self-confident people participate in life enthusiastically and spontaneously. They are not affected by what others think they "should" do. People with high self-esteem are not hurt by criticism; they do not regard criticism as a personal attack. Instead, they view a criticism as a suggestion for improvement. In contrast, shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to be passive and easily influenced by others. They need reassurance that they are doing "the right thing". Shy people are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirms their inferiority. They also find it difficult to be pleased by compliments because they believe they are unworthy of praise. A shy person may respond to a compliment with a statement like this one: "You're just saying that to make me feel good. I know it's not true." It is clear that, while self-awareness is a healthy quality, overdoing it is detrimental, or harmful. Can shyness be completely eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people can overcome shyness with determined and patient effort in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes hand in hand with lack of self-esteem, it is important for people to accept their weaknesses as well as their strengths. For example, most people would like to be "A" students in every subject. It is not fair for them to label themselves as inferior because they have difficulty in some areas. People's expectations of themselves must be realistic. Dwelling on the impossible leads to a sense of inadequacy, and even feelings of envy, or jealousy. We

《新编大学英语》第一册课后翻译练习参考答案

Book 1 Translation Exercises Unit 1 Translation 1) 我累了。昨晚我不该那么晚睡觉。(should not + 动词完成式) 2) 我和鲍勃不是很熟,不过我们偶尔一起出去喝一杯。(occasional) 3) 我们应该到火车站接她。(be supposed to) 4) 你可以清楚地看到有人快要淹死, 而你却没有采取行动救他们。(drown, take action) 5) 包括周末在内,仅仅还有12天时间可以用来买圣诞礼物。(including) 6) 如果不立即采取行动,许多种野生动物就会因饥饿而死亡。(without, hunger) I’m tired. I shouldn’t have gone to bed so late last night. I don’t/didn’t know Bob very well, but we go/went out for an occasional drink together. We’re supposed to meet her at the train station. You could clearly see people drowning, but/and yet you took no action to save them. Including weekends, there are only twelve more days to buy Christmas presents. Without immediate action, many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger. Unit 2 Translation 1) 那首歌总是使她回想起在芝加哥度过的那个夜晚。(remind…of…) 2) 街角处刚巧有一位警察,我便向他问路。(happen to, corner) 3) 由于天气恶劣,今天所有去纽约的航班都延误了。(delay) 4) 谁有责任谁就必须赔偿损失。(whoever, responsible) 5) 我找不到我的支票簿。我准是把它留在家里了。(checkbook, must have) 6) 到足球比赛快开始时,暴风雨已经停了。(by the time) That song always reminded her of the night spent in Chicago. There happened to be a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way. All flights to New York today are/were delayed because of the bad weather. Whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage. I can’t find my checkbook. I must have left it at home. By the time the football match was going to start, the storm had already stopped. Unit 3 Translation 1) 除非你有经验,否则你得不到这份工作。(unless) 2) 我把大部分时间花在研究中美文化的差异上了。(spend) 3) 这句话意思极清楚,决不会引起误解。(so…that) 4) 他希望能够给予她比现在更多的帮助。(more than) 5) 穿上外套,否则你会感冒的。(or) 6) 她的收藏品中增加了一张毕加索(Picasso)的画。(add…to…) 7) 我没意识到以前曾来过这儿。(be aware of) 8) 如果你继续对每个人这么粗鲁,你很快就会发现自己什么朋友都没有了。(find oneself without) 1)You won’t get the job unless you’ve got the experience. 2) Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American culture. The statement/sentence is so clear that it can’t cause any misunderstanding. He wishes that he could give her more help than he does. She has added a Picasso to his collection.

赤壁之战 翻译

赤壁之战翻译 当初,鲁肃听说刘表死,就对孙权说:“荆州与我国接邻,地理形势险要、坚固,肥沃的土地方圆万里,百姓殷实富裕,如果占有它,这就是开创帝王事业的凭借。现在刘表刚死,他(刘表)的两个儿子(刘琦、刘琮)不和,军队中的那些将领,有的拥戴刘琦,有的拥戴刘琮。 刘备是天下的豪杰,跟曹操有仇,寄居在刘表那里,刘表嫉妒他的才能而不重用(他)。如果刘备同他们(指原属刘表手下的人)荆州方面的人同心协力,上下一致,(我们)就应当安抚他们,与他们结盟友好;如果他们有所背离(指刘表和荆州将领不能合作),(我们)就该另外筹划这件事情,以成就(我们的)大业。我请求奉您之命去慰问刘表的两个儿子,并慰劳(他们)军中掌权的人物,以及劝说刘备使他安抚刘表的部下,同心一意,共同对付曹操,刘备一定会高兴而听从我们的意见。如果这件事能够成功,天下就可以安定下来了。现在不赶快前往,恐怕就被曹操占了先(抢先)。”孙权立刻派鲁肃前往。(鲁肃)到夏口,听说曹操已向荆州进军,(于是)日夜赶路,等(鲁肃)到了南郡,(刘表的二儿子)刘琮已投降曹操,刘备向南逃跑,鲁肃直接迎向前去,与刘备在当阳县长坂坡相会。鲁肃转达孙权的意旨,(和刘备)讨论天下大事和当前行势,表示恳切慰问的心意,并且问刘备说:“刘豫州现在想到哪里去?”刘备说:“我和苍梧太守吴巨有老交情,想去投奔他。”鲁肃说:“孙讨虏(孙权,曹操曾以汉献帝的名义授给他讨虏将军的名号)将军聪明仁惠,敬重以礼相待贤能之士,江南的英雄豪杰都归附他,已经占据了六个郡,兵精粮足,足够用来成就大业。现在为您打算,不如派遣最亲信的人,主动同东边吴国结盟,以共同成就一番世代相传的事业。(但是您)却打算投奔吴巨,吴巨是个平庸的人,又处在偏僻边远的州郡,快要被别人吞并了,(这样的人)难道可以托身吗?”刘备(听了)很高兴。鲁肃又对诸葛亮说:“我是子瑜的朋友。”就同刘备等定下了交情。(另译)两个人随即(也因子瑜的关系)交了朋友。子瑜就是诸葛亮的哥哥诸葛瑾,在江东避乱,(现在做)孙权的长史。刘备采纳了鲁肃的建议,(率兵)进驻鄂县的樊口。 曹操从江陵将要顺着长江东下,诸葛亮对刘备说:“事情很危急,请(让我)奉命向孙将军求救。”于是就同鲁肃一起去拜见孙权。诸葛亮在柴桑会见到了孙权,劝孙权说:“(现在)天下大乱,将军(您)在江东起兵,刘豫州在汉水以南招收兵马,同曹操共同争夺天下。现在曹操削平大乱(消灭各地割据势力),(中原地区)大致已稳定局面,就(南下)攻破荆州,声威震动天下。英雄没有施展武力的地方了,所以刘豫州逃到这里,希望将军估量自己的力量来对付这个局面! 如果能够拿(江东)吴、越的兵力同中原(的曹操)对抗,不如趁早同他断绝关系;如果不能,为什么不放下武器、捆起铠甲,向(曹操)投降(向北朝拜称臣)呢!现在将军外表上假托服从(曹操)的名义,而内心里却怀着犹豫不决的心思,事情紧迫而又不能决断,灾祸降临就没有多少时候了!”孙权说:“假若像您所说,刘豫州为什么不投降曹操呢?”诸葛亮说:“田横,(不过是)齐国的一个壮士罢了,还能恪守节义不肯受辱;何况刘豫州(是)汉王室的后代,英明才智超过当世,众人仰慕敬重他,好像水流入大海一样。如果大事不能成功,就是天意,又怎能甘心屈服在曹操之下呢?”孙权激怒的说:“我不能拿整个东吴的土地,十多万将士,来受别人控制,我的主意已经决定

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