新编大学英语3课文翻译完整版资料

第一单元羞怯的痛苦

1 对许多人来说羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安感到不自然也就是说他们显而易见地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断地盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法: 我给人留下的是什么印象他们喜欢我吗我讲话是不是傻里傻气我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。

2 很显然这种不安的感觉会对人们产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如具有积极的自我价值观或很强的自尊心的人往往表现自信。由于自信他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励使自己感觉良好。自信者热情地自发地投身生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反他们认为批评是一种要他们改进的建议。

3 相比之下羞怯的人自尊心较弱往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们(是否)在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感他们觉得批评却好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质过分的自我意识却是不利的、有害的。

4 能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢幸运的是人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的因此正视自己的优点还有弱点非常重要。例如大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难就把自己列为差生这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须与现实相符。老是想那些不可能的事情会觉得自己能力差甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时我们正在自我毁灭。

5 如果你是羞怯的这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感

6 认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同羞怯感就会自然减弱。

确定合理的目标。例如在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起你也许会胆怯。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力仅和一两个人交谈你会感到更自在些。

内疚和羞耻感是毁灭性的感情。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情光)感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反应该承认你犯了个错误决心在将来能够善于理解别人。

所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。

不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的丑陋的一个失败者。强调自己积极的方面。

接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术

把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心你们还是好朋友然而也许你的烹饪技术确实有待改进。

记住每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。把它们作为长见识的经历从中受益。挫折往往会成为一个转机随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。然而在你就读的大学里你可能发现这里教育的某一特点比你料想的好得多。

有些人会使你感到相形见绌不要和这种人交往。去设法改变他们的态度或者改变你自己的要不就脱离这种关系。伤害你的人并不关心你的最佳利益。

留出时间休息享受自己的业余爱好并且定期地重新审定自己的目标。为此所花费的时间有助于更好地了解你自己。

多在社交场合中锻炼。不要把自己同他人隔离开来。设法一次结识一位朋友最终你将能够驾轻就熟地、自信地在众人中周旋。16 我们每个人都是独一无二、难能可贵的个体。我们自有吸引人的地方。我们对自己了解得越多就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。不要让羞怯成为阻碍我们拥有丰富和成功生活的绊脚石。

第四单元择业规划

1 进行择业规划不一定要遵照常规的或合乎逻辑的步骤。我们每个人对不同的因素有不同侧重也许在不同的时候会考虑择业规划的某些方面。进行择业规划要备齐有关我们自身以及职业的信息资料估计采取各种举动可能出现的结果最后作出我们认为有吸引力并且可行的选择。

2 许多观察家指出学生在择业规划方面不是很在行。他们列出了以下事实(1)大部分学生选择职业的范围很窄(2)多达40%至60%的学生选择专业性的职业而实际上只有15%至18%的从业人员在做专业性的工作(3)男青年对文书、销售以及服务性行业兴趣索然尽管这些领域会提供许多就业机会(4)多达三分之一的学生说不出选择什么职业好。

3 欧文?贾尼斯和利昂?曼在他们的《决策》一书中指出许多人的决策方式很成问题而这些问题似乎与人们处理问题的方式有关。第一个问题是自满。有些人对于要费心思考虑的择业信息置之不理这种人自满。有些人采取“这不会影响我”或“这永远也不会发生”的态度他们这种做法主要也是自满。当然,对于那些不决定成败的决策自满是可以的,但涉及职业方面的决策来不得自满。

4 人们在决策方式上存在的第二个问题是消极回避。每当面临抉择而又自认为找不到合适的解决方法时一些人或想入非非或做白日梦以此来保持平静。有些学生没有考虑到职业抉择会产生的影响往往采取文过饰非对自己的行为所作的解释虽能自我满足但却是错误的以此来欺骗自己或者拖延推迟或耽搁的态度。面对现状也许会令人焦急不安但认真考虑一下各种方案也许能给人宽慰。

5 第三个问题是过份地提心吊胆。当人们面对职业选择而又感到没有足够时间找到解决方法时会感到惊慌失措。他们紧张地寻找各种就业机会然后采取匆忙产生的决定忽视了这样的选择会带来的后果也忽视了其他的择业机会。惊慌失措的人往往会思路不清缺乏逻辑。

6 最好的做法就是眼观六路耳听八方。当人们确信以下三点时会做出机敏的决策应该做出选择

自己能找到解决问题的办法有足够的时间。这样学生才能够有效地寻求各种可能的职业仔细地掂量每一种可能性并且制定出应变计划以便应付各种风险。

7 以下是择业规划的关键步骤

8( 1)研究自我。这是择业规划的关键所在。了解自己是怎样一个人看重什么以及想成为怎么样的人

这些是整个择业规划的依据。在研究自我的过程中你审视自己的长处与弱点自己的目标以及自身发展的方向。对自己的了解使你能够设想哪些职业最符合你的个性、兴趣、能力和目标。所有的职业抉择都要求我们既要了解自己又要了解有关工作并把这两方面的情况结合起来(加以考虑)。

9 (2)把自己的事业目标写下来。要把自己事业发展的设想归纳起来一个切实可行的做法是把这些设想按照你一生的各个时间段一一写下来。写的过程能使你的想法变得具体明确并知道哪些是模糊不成熟的想法。这会使你对自己的发展前途有新的了解并有助于你看清新的关系、模式及方向或者明确你在考虑自己事业发展方面还有哪些不到之处。

10( 3)定期地与他人一起审度你的规划与所取得的进展。时不时地估量一下自己的情形考虑下一步该采取什么步骤。评估一下自己的进步并计划下面的步骤有助于你应对自己要经历的变化以及劳动力市场的变化。与你的大学辅导员、父母与朋友探讨你的计划这有助于你明确目标改进择业规划或使计划得以实施。

11( 4)如果你选择的职业不适合你你可以重新开始。如今越来越多的男男女女在变换职业或者重新开始一份对他们更有吸引力的职业。其中许多人一旦发现自己所从事的行业不尽如人意他们就重新参加培训以谋求不同的职业。这些新的职业常常是他们年轻时所忽视的或者是由于当时的经济或别的原因而没有机会从事的。

12 社会学家们说几乎没有什么职业的变换是“走下坡路”的大部分都是按传统的关注“往高处走”的。社会已不再像过去那样把跳槽看成是一种“不安分”难为情的事了

13 换工作和改职业在任何年龄都会发生。据估计, 20岁到25岁年龄段的男性中多达四分之一的人更换职业。而在25岁到44岁的年龄段该比例大约是八分之一。

14 择业规划并不能保证你将来所面临的所有问题、困难或决策形势都能得到解决或变得容易。没有任何妙方能解决这一切。但是择业规划能够帮助你面对或更好地处理新的问题诸如决定是否要接受某方面

的教育或培训是否要更换工作还能帮助你分析所面临的困境或与某人交往中所存在的难题。

15 没有人能预见我们任何一个人的未来。有一些未来的社会、情感、道德等方面要考虑的因素是无法预见的。但是这个往往不尽如人意的现代世界给予了我们一个最重要的教训那就是进步来自于规划。对自己职业的无知并不是一种洪福理智比机遇和命运更重要。尽管没有一种万无一失的方法能保证我们的择业规划成功但是要营造自己未来的事业有些事是你现在所能做的。

海伦·凯勒

1 在我记忆中, 我一生最重要的日子是我的老师安妮?曼斯费尔德?沙利文走进我生活的那一天。至

(我过的)截然不同的两种生活连在一起。那是一八八七年三月

2

透过布满门廊的那簇忍冬照射到我仰起的脸庞上。我的手指近乎下意识地抚弄着这些熟悉的叶片和花朵。

和怨恨一直折磨着我。这种激烈的感情争斗之后则是一种极度的疲惫不堪。

3

!

身上。

4

5

“d-o-l-l

了。

6

“d-o-l-l d-o-l-l m-u-g ”和“w-a-t-e-r”这两个词发生过争执。沙利文小姐想让我记住“m-u-g w-a-t-e-r”是“水”

有喜欢过那个娃娃。在我所生活的那个无声、黑暗的世界里是没有柔情或情感的。我感觉到老师已把碎片

7

东西——那是一种恢复思维的激动。不知怎的语言的奥秘一下子展现在我的面前。此刻我明白了“w-a-t-e-r”

8

到的每件东西似乎都有生机。那是因为我在用刚刚赋予我的新奇的眼光看待每样东

一次感到了悔恨和难过。

9

1

言。

2

而远非现实。3

婚约。

4

5

6

在我喜爱的树下看书、听听录音磁带。最重要的事也许是我得强迫自己走出房间去与别人交往。平常我很

7

阿鲁巴岛上仅仅一周的效果就相当于三年的治疗。那次旅行启动了一系列有助于自我改造的过程。以下是

8

法。

9

很长的

有更加清楚的认识。

10

使自我转变的种种活动之中。

11

其道而行之。这进一步增强了我的想法:

12

13

14

和与他人的关系

15

1

的是我默默无闻。惊奇的是我竟然会因为没有成名而感到惊奇。

2 生

3 ——

来聚精会神。因为愧疚和激情引起的无法集中注意力的状况也比以往大为减少。对自己经历过和阅读过的这些事物之间的各种关系我也慢慢地开始理解了。我的分析和判断似乎比以前更为正确得当。我的求知欲燃烧得更为炽烈。曾经捉摸不定的问题现在豁然开朗了。

4

继续存在着。

5

于自身能力的了解。有时候因为自己无知我会感到灰心泄气。

6

7

来的十年将是硕果累累的十年。也许我唯一真正有价值的创作就是这本日记。

8 十个月时间所进行的心理分析帮助我懂得了如何宽恕自己。我现在比以往的任何时候更加心平气和。

?罗素说过矛盾冲突123

9

就能同样充分地了解别人。

10

11

12

13

14 上减震器领域的杰出专家。但是我和他无法进行有关减震器这个领域的交流。我不具备他这个专业领域的技术知识。他又不能用简单的语言来解释。这就是一个专家与外行之间交流失败的例子。这种失败正广泛存在。这就好像神经末梢互相之间失去了联系。

Unit 1 Personality Directions: Write an article entitled “My Advice to Pessimists”. Your writing must cover the following two points: 1）disadvantages of pessimism 2）way(s) of overcoming pessimism

Sample One It is believed that pessimism often leads to hopelessness, sickness and failure, while optimism usually brings happiness, good health and success. Pessimists also make those around them very miserable. Therefore, pessimists should change their way of thinking and overcome the negative aspects of their personalities. Here are a few tips for them: 1. Try to smile more often. A smile has great power. It can chase sadness away. It will make you and other people feel happy. And it may even make things easier and better. Smiling in the morning makes a good beginning for the day. A smile is the most important sign of optimism. 2. Build up your self-confidence. Try to discover as many of your personal strengths as you can. Then write them all down. Read them several times when you are getting ready to do something or when you are facing difficulties. Your list will help you see your abilities. 3. Change your way of thinking. Don't always think that things will go wrong or that if they do there will be terrible results. Instead, convince yourself that things will improve and that you can work hard to help improve them. If you fail, think about what you have learned from the failure. If you succeed, praise yourself. Don't be too modest! There is nothing more encouraging than self-praise. Try your best to become an optimist.

Unit 4 Career Planning Application Letter

Sample One May 5, _____

Apartment 2E

3465 Boulevard East

Dallas, TX 75221

Fidelity National Bank

P.O. Box 42B

Dallas, TX 75221

Dear Sir or Madam: I would like to be considered as an applicant for the teller trainee position listed in today's Dallas Tribune. I am 18 years old. I will graduate from North High School in June. Since my sophomore year, I have been taking business courses. I have taken Accounting 1 and 2,

Business Law, Economics, and Word Processing. During my junior year, I participated in the Co-op Program in which I attended school one week and worked the alternate week. My work placement was at the Western Insurance Company, where I learned basic accounting procedures. I am currently employed part-time as a cashier at a Pathway Supermarket. These positions helped me to develop skills and confidence for handling large sums of money. I would be glad to come for an interview at your convenience. My telephone number is 775-2684. I look forward to hearing from you.

Sincerely,

Thomas Gupton Dec. 28, ______ Mailbox 352, ________ University, __________ Road,

Dear Sir/M adam: I would like to be considered as a private tutor listed in today’s _______ Evening Paper. I am 19 years old and right now I am studying at ________ University, majoring in Energy. I am now a freshman and my high school years are still fresh in my mind. I passed the National Entrance Examination with flying colors*. So I believe that I have plenty of knowledge and rich experience in study and examinations. I am good at Chemistry and Physics in which your daughter needs help. I won the second prize in a national Chemistry contest and the third prize in a national Physics contest. And I can also help your child with her English and Math. If I become your child's tutor, I will do all I can to teach her and you will be satisfied with her progress. I am eager to get this job because I want to enrich my teaching experience and learn how to get along well with others. Money is my secondary consideration. I would be glad to come for an interview at your convenience. My phone number is ________. I look forward to hearing from you.

Unit 5 Language Should Learners Aim to Speak English with a Native-Speaker Pronunciation?

Sample One

In my opinion, there is no point in aiming to speak English with a native-speaker pronunciation. For most people, it is a waste of time. First, language is a tool for communication among human beings. If people we meet understand what we are saying, that is all that is necessary. We do not need to imitate native speaker's pronunciation. In any case, there are many types of accents, so which one should we choose to imitate? Second, the most important thing is how well we organize what we want to express. Our ideas should be clear and easy to understand. To do so, we should be able to use right words and correct grammar. Third, given the fact that we live in China, it seems a little bit pointless for us to try desperately hard to get rid of our national accent in order to speak BBC English. Finally, each of us has our own style when we speak. If we can give free rein to personal style, the English-speaking world will become more colorful and more interesting. In a word, I prefer to speak with my characteristic and recognizable pronunciation, so long as listeners can understand me.

Sample Two Yes, I think it is important to aim for native-speaker pronunciation. First of all, I think perfection is always a good goal in any aspect of language-learning. We aim for perfect grammar, so why not perfect pronunciation? Second, the purpose of learning a language is to communicate with native-speakers or people from other parts of the world. The better my pronunciation is, the more easily they will be able to understand me. And I want people to understand me without any difficulty. Third, English is now an international language and I would like to be part of that community. If my pronunciation is like a native-speaker's, I will blend

into the community more naturally. I'll feel pleased if I am taken for a native-speaker. Even if I can't speak so well, I don't like to spoil the language by terrible pronunciation. So learners should aim to speak English with a native-speaker pronunciation.

Unit 6 Animals Animals Should Be Trained

There are a wide variety of animals in the world. And many of them are highly intelligent. So if we train some animals to work for human beings, we can save a lot of money and manpower. First, some kinds of animals can be trained based on their capacity to do certain types of jobs better than humans. For example, since dogs have a superior ability to track down odors, we can train them to find illegal drugs, earthquake victims, or even ancient tombs. Second, some animals can even lend us their hands. The monkey is a good example. Monkeys can be trained to learn to open doors, fetch tools, bring books, etc. So they can help those who cannot move about freely because of some physical problems. Monkeys make the lives of these people happier and more comfortable. Finally, in some cases, using animals not only saves money but also trouble. Using dolphins as underwater guards can be better and cheaper than any man-made tracking devices. In a word, animals should be trained to help humans. If we train animals in the proper way, both humans and animals can get along very well.

Give Animals Their Freedom

Humans and animals are both creatures of nature, so we are equal. We have no right to take advantage of them. However, many animals are now being trained to work for us. Monkeys are trained as servants, dogs as hunters and sniffers, and dolphins as soldiers. Beasts should be allowed to run freely over great distances and birds, fly freely in the blue sky. When they are in nature, they are active and able to live a normal life. But when they are kept in captivity, they are bored and frustrated. If we have the right to choose our fate, so do animals. So when we force them to serve us, they have no freedom and are like slaves. What’s more, a lot of animals lose their lives when they help humans. But most humans don't care about their lives at all. As we know, life belongs to us only once and therefore is priceless, and it is also true with animals. But we show no mercy to animals when they have done so much for us. We are cold-blooded creatures and we should criticize ourselves. In brief, we should treat animals in the same way we treat other people. Give animals their freedom.

Unit 7 The Joy of Travel Traveling Is Wonderful

In school we always study hard and rarely have time for play and relaxation. During our vacation, we can do what we like. Some students go swimming, watch TV, go to the cinema, etc. But all I want to do is to travel. Traveling is interesting. You can see a lot of fascinating things and you can learn about history. Three years ago, I went to Beijing. When I was in the Summer Palace, I walked through the famous Long Corridor, admiring the beautiful pictures drawn on it. In the Imperial Palace, I saw a lot of rare treasures I had never seen before. I went to the Great Wall as well as the Ming Tombs. After visiting these famous places, I can’t help f eeling proud of my great motherland. I think it is important to travel to different countries, if possible, so that you can learn about different cultures and customs. It can widen your knowledge of the world. In addition to learning new things, you can also discover the beauty of nature by yourself. When you are on the top of a mountain, you can breathe fresh air, you can see green scenery below and you can hear the sounds of nature. It is a very wonderful feeling. Now I’d like to invite you to go on a trip with me. Can you refuse?

I Enjoy Traveling

I enjoy traveling. I even consider it as a part of my life. When winter vacation approaches, the question for me to ask is not whether I should travel but where I should travel. I find traveling can do me a lot of good when I look back on my trips. Traveling brings me knowledge and pleasure. It puts me in a good mood. When I go back to my studies, I work more happily. As for knowledge, traveling helps me learn a lot about local customs and it broadens my views. Three years ago, I went to the “European City” in Wuxi, where there are many models of European architecture. During that trip I learned something about Europe. Sometimes, traveling can bring me unexpected pleasure, too. Last year, two friends and I went to a small town near the Tai Mountain. The fact that the town had beautiful scenery and low expenses made us overjoyed. Traveling is uplifting because it is relaxing and we can get rid of our anxiety and stress during the trip. If we travel together with our friends, we can improve our friendship through the shared experience. We can also meet new people and make new friends. In the future, I plan to do more traveling.

Unit 8 Nature or Nurture "Which Has Had More Influence on You, Heredity or Environment?"

Sample One I both benefit and suffer much from heredity. A short stout figure, an introverted personality, and unimaginative but rational mind: all of these traits come from the genes passed on to me from my parents. But family, schools, and society work together to shape what I am today. My parents are both sport lovers, which makes me fond of physical exercises and turns my frame into a strong body. My honest parents punish me severely whenever I lie or make empty promises, thus I've learned the importance of personal integrity. At school I've learned to help others, to care for others and also to improve my reasoning and understanding skills. Learning about various positive and negative examples of behavior from the media and other sources of information, I have set my own moral standards regarding what to do and what not to do, what to like and what to hate. Environment can change a person completely no matter where he was born and what he genetically inherited from his parents.

Sample Two

I always believe that a person can succeed in doing anything he feels interested in. Your environment provides all sorts of opportunities and the things necessary for your personal pursuit and achievement. Which has had more influence on you, heredity or environment? This is a difficult question to answer. First, let us examine the influence of heredity. All my classmates call me "Fat Yu" because I am fat. My father is also fat, so I can't help connecting my fatness with his! Although I can't be absolutely sure that it comes from my father, I do think that I probably have a gene which he passed on to me and which determines my body build or shape. Aside from that gene, my father gave me many excellent qualities. For example, I think I am good at abstract thinking. My father is an engineer and he often tells me that he was very good at Math and Physics at middle school and college. So thanks to these genes of his I got into this university. However, I have many other characteristics, which may come from the environment I grew up in. For example, my father and mother are conservative and traditional. They lack a spirit of adventure and they have a hard time understanding many of the new things in China today. I, on the contrary, have the desire to explore and I hope I can become a pioneer of reform. I often have many original thoughts and ideas. All changes taking place around me whet my appetite for exploration. In conclusion, I think both heredity and environment have influenced me greatly. Heredity created me, but environment has improved me.

Unit 9 Music

The Power of Music

Music is the universal language of mankind. Music is everywhere. We can hear it in restaurants, airports, railway stations, supermarkets, department stores, banks, hospitals, and many other public places. Music of all kinds is now available, and tapes and CDs are not very expensive. Music plays an important role in our everyday lives. Music can express emotions that are beyond speech and give us a better feeling about ourselves and about everything around us. It can change our attitudes towards many things. When we feel sad, music is moonlight in the gloomy night of life which can cheer us up; when we are tired and bored, music can make us relaxed, it has charms to soothe the savage breast, to soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak. When we are working or studying, music can provide us with a pleasant environment so that we can work or study more efficiently. Music can make people work faster and with more energy. The best, most beautiful, and most perfect way that we have of expressing a sweet concord of mind to each other is by music. Music can also lull the babies to sleep and can even make cows produce more milk. In a word, music is irresistible and life without music would be boring and monotonous.

Unit 10 Reflections on Life

The Virtues of Being Young and Being Old

Being young is a wonderful thing. We are always trying to find ways to keep ourselves young for as long as possible. When we compliment someone on their young appearance, they will feel proud and happy. Why is youth so preferred or favored? It's because youth is the bright and colorful scenery of life. Young people have glorious ideas and are full of dreams. They have energy, time and optimism. Youth is a time for realizing dreams. Looking back on one's youth will bring the finest memories. Being old is also wonderful. The aged are respected by society. They have experience so people turn to them when they are in trouble or when they need advice. Old people are a source of knowledge and experience for the young. Although they dream less than before, they're more confident about themselves thanks to their knowledge and experience. Those who worked hard when young will be able to appreciate their achievements and keep good memories of their past. Being young, we must take every opportunity to improve ourselves so that when we are old, we will have no regrets about our youth.