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21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册

21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册
21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册

21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册 Unit6 Unit 6

Text A

Pre-reading Activities

First Listening

Before listening to the tape, have a quick look at the following words.

sock

短袜

EQ

情商

empathy

同情

Second Listening

Listen to the tape again. They choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. The listening passage says that Einstein was a genius in terms of _______.

A) Emotional Intelligence or "EQ"

B) Intellectual Intelligence or "IQ"

C) both EQ and IQ

D) neither EQ nor IQ

2. Which of the following is NOT an example of Emotional Intelligence

A) Understanding your own feelings.

B) Understanding the feelings of others.

C) Being able to handle emotions effectively.

D) Being smarter than others in your class.

3. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between EQ and IQ

A) People tend to have more of one than the other.

B) People tend to have the same amount of each.

C) They work together to make you successful.

D) They depend on such factors as social class and how lucky you are.

4. What is the main purpose of this passage

A) To introduce a new concept, EQ, and explain its significance.

B) To explain why EQ is more important in life than IQ.

C) To discuss different definitions of success.

D) To criticize traditional notions of intelligence.

The EQ Factor

Nancy Gibbs

It turns out that a scientist can see the future by watching four-year-olds interact with a marshmallow. The researcher invites the children, one by one, into a plain room and begins the gentle torment. You can have this marshmallow right now, he says. But if you wait while I run an errand, you can have two marshmallows when I get back. And then he leaves.

Some children grab for the treat the minute he's out the door. Some last a few minutes before they give in. But others are determined to wait. They cover their eyes; they put their heads down; they sing to themselves; they try to play games or even fall asleep. When the researcher returns, he gives these children their hard-earned marshmallows. And then, science waits for them to grow up.

By the time the children reach high school, something remarkable has happened. A survey of the children's parents and teachers found that those who as four-year-olds had enough self-control to hold out for the second

marshmallow generally grew up to be better adjusted, more popular, adventurous, confident and dependable teenagers. The children who gave in to temptation early on were more likely to be lonely, easily frustrated and stubborn. They could not endure stress and shied away from challenges. And when some of the students in the two groups took the Scholastic Aptitude Test, the kids who had held out longer scored an average of 210 points higher.

When we think of brilliance we see Einstein, deep-eyed, woolly haired, a thinking machine with skin and mismatched socks. High achievers, we imagine, were wired for greatness from birth. But then you have to wonder why, over time, natural talent seems to ignite in some people and dim in others. This is where the marshmallows come in. It seems that the ability to delay gratification is a master skill, a triumph of the reasoning brain over the impulsive one. It is a sign, in short, of emotional intelligence. And it doesn't show up on an IQ test.

For most of this century, scientists have worshipped the hardware of the brain and the software of the mind; the messy powers of the heart were left to the poets. But cognitive theory could simply not explain the questions we wonder about most: why some people just seem to have a gift for living well; why the smartest kid in the class will probably not end up the richest; why we like some people virtually on sight and distrust others; why some people remain upbeat in the face of troubles that would sink a less resilient soul. What qualities of the mind or spirit, in short, determine who succeeds

The phrase "emotional intelligence" was coined by Yale psychologist Peter Salovey and the University of New Hampshire's John Mayer five years ago to describe qualities like understanding one's own feelings, empathy

for the feelings of others and "the regulation of emotion in a way that enhances living." Their notion is about to bound into the national conversation, handily shortened to EQ, thanks to a new book, Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman. Goleman, a Harvard psychology . and a New York Times science writer with a gift for making even the most difficult scientific theories digestible to lay readers, has brought together a decade's worth of behavioral research into how the mind processes feelings. His goal, he announces on the cover, is to redefine what it means to be smart. His thesis: when it comes to predicting people's success, brainpower as measured by IQ and standardized achievement tests may actually matter less than the qualities of mind once thought of as "character" before the word began to sound old-fashioned.

At first glance, there would seem to be little that's new here to any close reader of fortune cookies. There may be no less original idea than the notion that our hearts hold dominion over our heads."I was so angry," we say,"I couldn't think straight." Neither is it surprising that "people skills" are useful, which amounts to saying, it's good to be nice."It's so true it's trivial," says Dr. Paul McHugh, director of psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. But if it were that simple, the book would not be quite so interesting or its implications so controversial.

This is no abstract investigation. Goleman is looking for antidotes to restore "civility to our streets and caring to our communal life." He sees practical applications everywhere for how companies should decide whom to hire, how couples can increase the odds that their marriages will last, how parents should raise their children and how schools should teach them. When street gangs substitute for families and schoolyard insults end in stabbings, when more than half of marriages end in divorce, when the

majority of the children murdered in this country are killed by parents and stepparents, many of whom say they were trying to discipline the child for behavior like blocking the TV or crying too much, it suggests a demand for remedial emotional education.

And it is here the arguments will break out. Goleman's highly popularized conclusions, says McHugh,"will chill any veteran scholar of psychotherapy and any neuroscientist who worries about how his research may come to be applied." While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously, they fear that a notion as handy as EQ invites misuse. Goleman admits the danger of suggesting that you can assign a numerical value to a person's character as well as his intellect; Goleman never even uses the phrase EQ in his book. But he did somewhat reluctantly approve an "unscientific" EQ test in USA Today with choices like "I am aware of even subtle feelings as I have them," and "I can sense the pulse of a group or relationship and state unspoken feelings."

"You don't want to take an average of your emotional skill," argues Harvard psychology professor Jerome Kagan, a pioneer in child-development research."That's what's wrong with the concept of intelligence for mental skills too. Some people handle anger well but can't handle fear. Some people can't take joy. So each emotion has to be viewed differently." EQ is not the opposite of IQ. Some people are blessed with a lot of both, some with little of either. What researchers have been trying to understand is how they complement each other; how one's ability to handle stress, for instance, affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use. Among the ingredients for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%; the rest depends on everything from class to luck

to the neural pathways that have developed in the brain over millions of years of human evolution.

(1 047 words)

New Words

EQ

(abbr.)emotional quotient 情商

interact

vi.(with) act or have an effect on each other 相互作用;相互影响marshmallow

n. soft sweet made from sugar and gelatine 果汁软糖

torment

n. severe physical or mental suffering (肉体或精神上的)折磨,痛苦vt. cause severe suffering to 折磨;使痛苦

errand

n. small job that requires a short journey, usu. for sb. else (短程的)差事,差使

hard-earned

a. gained with great difficulty or effort 辛苦挣来的

survey

n. investigation 调查

adventurous

a. eager for or fond of adventure 渴望冒险的,喜欢冒险的

dependable

a. that may be depended on 可信赖的,可靠的

scholastic

a. of schools and education 学校的;的;学业的

aptitude

n. natural ability or skill 天生的才能或技巧;天资

brilliance

n. the quality of being brilliant 光辉,辉煌;壮丽;(卓越的)才华,才智

woolly

a.羊毛(制)的;产羊毛的;像羊毛的

mismatch

vt. match (people or things) wrongly or unsuitably 使错配,配合不当sock

n. short stocking covering the ankle and lower part of the leg 短袜ignite

v.(cause to) catch fire, burn (使)着火,燃烧;发光

dim

v.(cause to) become dim (使)变暗淡;(使)变模糊;(使)失去光泽impulsive

a.(of people and their behavior) marked by sudden action that is undertaken without careful thought (指人或人的行为)凭冲动的;易冲动的messy

a. in a state of disorder; dirty: causing dirt or disorder 凌乱的;脏的;搞乱的;搞脏的

upbeat

a. optimistic or cheerful 乐观的;快乐的

resilient

a. 1.有弹性的,有回弹力的;能复原的

2.有复原力的;富有活力的;适应性强的

empathy

n. ability to imagine and share another person's feelings, experience,

etc.同情;同感;共鸣

handily

ad.灵巧地,熟练地;轻易地;近便地

digesti

ble

a. that can be digested; relatively easy to understand 可消化的;可吸收的;较易理解的

behavioral

a. of behavior 行为的

thesis

n. 1. statement or theory put forward and supported by argument 论题,命题;论点

2. long written essay submitted by a candidate for a university degree; dissertation 毕业论文;学位

standardize

vt. make(sth.)conform to a fixed standard, shape, quality, type, etc.使(某事物)标准化;使合乎标准(或规格)

fortune

n. 1. large amount of money; wealth 大笔的钱;财

2. chance; luck 机会;运气

3. person's destiny or future; fate 命运;前途

cookie

n. biscuit 饼干

fortune cookie

.)thin biscuit, folded to hold a printed message proverb, prophecy or joke) served in Chinese restaurants (美)签语饼(中国餐馆的折叠形小饼,内有纸条,上写预测运气的格言或幽默套语)

dominion

n.(over) rule; powerful authority; effective control 统治;管辖;支配;控制

straight

ad. clearly, logically 清晰地;有条理地

controversial

a. causing or likely to cause argument or disagreement 引起争论的;有争议的

abstract

a. existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or practical existence 抽象的

antidote

n.解毒药;(喻)矫正方法,对抗手段

civility

n. fact or act of showing politeness; act of being civilized 礼貌,客气,谦恭

communal

a. 1. of or referring to a commune or a community 公共的;社区的,集体的

2. for the use of all; shared 公用的;共有的

odds

n.(pl.) probability or chance 可能性;机会

schoolyard

n.校园;操场

stab

vt. pierce(sth.) or wound (sb.) with a pointed tool or weapon; push (a knife, etc.) into sb./sth.戳(某物);刺(某人);用(刀等)刺(或戳、

捅)某人(或某物)

stabbing

n. instance of stabbing or being stabbed 用利器伤人

stepparent

n.继父,后父;继母,后母

remedy

n.药品;治疗(法);补救办法;纠正办法

vt.医治;治疗;补救;纠正

remedial

a.补救的;纠正的;补习的

popularize

vt. 1. make (sth.) generally liked 使(某事物)被大家喜欢,使受大家欢迎

2. make (sth.) known or available to the general public, esp. by presenting it in an easily understandable form 使(某事物)众所周知;使普及

chill

vt. 1. make cold 使变冷;使冷却;使感到冷

2. discourage 使沮丧;使扫兴

n.寒冷;风寒;冷淡;沮丧;扫兴

scholar

n. person who studies an academic subject deeply 学者

psychotherapy

n. treatment of mental disorders by psychological methods 精神疗法;心理疗法

neuroscientist

n.神经系统家

handy

a.(of an object, tool, machine, etc.) easy to use; useful for some purpose 便于使用的;有用的

numerical

a. of, expressed in or representing numbers 数字的;用数字表示的;代表数字的

approve

vt. 1. have a positive opinion of 赞成;称许

2. accept, permit or officially agree to 批准;允许;对…表示认可

neural

a. the nerves 神经的

pathway

n. way or track made for or by people walking 小路,小径(= path)Phrases and Expressions

one by one

separately; individually in order 一个一个地;依次地

right now

immediately; at this moment 立即;此刻

run an errand

carry messages or perform similar minor tasks 跑腿,办事(如送信、买东西等)

hold out

refuse to give in 坚持;坚定不移;不屈服

early on

soon after the start of a past event 在初期;早先

shy away from

avoid or move away from out of shyness, fear, etc.(由于羞怯或恐惧

等)躲开,避开;回避

over time

as time goes by 随着时间过去

come in

have a part to play in sth.在某事中起作用

show up

1. become visible; become increasingly vivid or obvious 显现出来;变得更鲜明;变得更醒目

2. appear; arrive; be present; turn up 出现;来到;出席;露面

at/on sight

as soon as sb./sth. is seen 一见就

in the face of

1. in spite of 不顾

2. confronted by 面对;在…面前

when it comes to

1. when the subject is; on the subject of 谈到;涉及

2. when dealing with 在处理…时

amount to

1. add up to; reach the total of 合计;共计

2. be equal to; be the equivalent of 等于;相当于

substitute for

serve as a substitute for, replace 代替

end in

have as a result or conclusion 以…为结果;以…告终

break out

start suddenly 突然发生;爆发

put...to use

use...for a particular purpose 使用

count for

be worth 值;(在数量、比例方面)占

Proper Names

Nancy Gibbs

南希·吉布斯

Scholastic Aptitude Test

.) a test prepared and supervised by the College Entrance Examination Board to test the general intelligence and academic aptitude of a prospective applicant to a college (美)学习能力倾向测验

Peter Salovey

彼得·萨洛韦

John Mayer

约翰·迈耶

Daniel Goleman

丹尼尔·戈尔曼

Paul McHugh

保罗·麦克休

Johns Hopkins University

约翰斯·霍普金斯大学

USA Today

《今日美国》(美国报纸名)

Jerome Kagan

杰罗姆·卡根

21世纪大学英语应用型综合教程修订版4课本练习答案

Unit 1 A. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. internal ditch fabulous renovate plaster amateur blunder instinct 1. The police _blundered___ badly by arresting the wrong man. 2. The house was severely destroyed, so the couple spent thousands of dollars _renovating__it. 3. The pilot was forced to _ditch___ the jet plane in the Gulf because of the hijacking. 4. Unlike the Satellite, it has no __internal__ battery, though it will accept external batteriesmade for the iPad. 5. The basis for traing relies on the dog ' s natural __instinct__ to hunt. 6. The __plaster___ was beginning to fall from the walls. 7. During each war the monopoly capitalists amassed ___fabulous__ wealth. 8. At college he studied English and did _amateur___ boxing B. Fill in the blanks with the expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.down to call in beat up wind up trial and error at all costs Don' t _beat___ yousrelf up__ over something that you have no control over. They decided to _call in__ a doctor because the child was not any better. Ultimately, he said, the issue came ___down to __a dispute between the two countries.I always said he would _ wind up __ in jail. Growth is a process of __ trial and error ___ . You can learn as much from failure as youcan from success. Maybe more. The bridge must be repaired within three days __ at all costs __. 这座房子在地震中损毁

21世纪大学英语应用型综合教程一-1-5章课后题答案

21世纪大学英语应用型综合教程一-1-5章课后题答案

英语课后题复习资料 Unit 1. 一. flexibility duration option definitely actually ignore convince survive 1.Economic crises destroy the capitalist system,and they grow in size and duration. 2.Stability also depends upon the flexibility of the local economy. 3.He was sentenced to do hard labor without the option of a fine. 4.She states her views very definitely. 5.Did he actually say in so many words that there was no hope of a cure? 6.The baby felt ignored by her parents. 7.You need to convince the employers that you can do the job. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/f97645428.html,panies will have to do more than this if they are to survive the earthquake.

二. 1.I only cautht a glimpse of him sitting in the car (瞥见他坐在车里),so I can’t tell exactly what he looked like. 2.They are seeking/searching for(寻求新的机会) to reach their final goals. 3.It happened without my being aware of it(在我不知不觉中). 4.We are/get involved in different activities(投入到各项课外活动中) on campus. 5.Some guys always do everything as they like,that ignore the feelings of others(却忽视了别人的感受) . 三. 1.你的老师在评卷的时候会把你生病的情况考虑在内。 Your teacher will take your illness into consideration when marking your exams. 2.因为他总是轻信别人,所以很容易受伤。 He is likely to be hurt because he always believes/trusts others easily. 3.他的肤色跟他是不是好律师无关。

21世纪大学英语应用型综合教程2U5译文

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21世纪大学英语读写教程(第四册)Unit1课文原文 《Who Is Great?》 Michal Ryan As a young boy, Albert Einstein did so poorly in school that teachers thought he was slow. The young Napoleon Bonaparte was just one of hundreds of artillery lieutenants in the French Army. And the teenage George Washington, with little formal education, was being trained not as a soldier but as a land surveyor. Despite their unspectacular beginnings, each would go on to carve a place for himself in history. What was it that enabled them to become great? Were they born with something special? Or did their greatness have more to do with timing, devotion and, perhaps, an uncompromising personality? For decades, scientists have been asking such questions. And, in the past few years, they have found evidence to help explain why some people rise above, while others—similarly talented, perhaps—are left behind. Their findings could have implications for us all. Who is great? Defining who is great depends on how one measures success. But there are some criteria. "Someone who has made a lasting contribution to human civilization is great," said Dean Keith Simonton, a professor of psychology at the University of California at Davis and author of the 1994 book Greatness: Who Makes History and Why. But he added a word of caution: "Sometimes great people don't make it into the history books. A lot of women achieved great things or were influential but went unrecognized." In writing his book, Simonton combined historical knowledge about great figures with recent findings in genetics, psychiatry and the social sciences. The great figures he focused on include men and women who have won Nobel Prizes, led great nations or won wars, composed symphonies that have endured for centuries, or revolutionized science, philosophy, politics or the arts. Though he doesn't have a formula to define how or why certain people rise above (too many factors are involved), he has come up with a few common characteristics. A "never surrender" attitude. If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. "There's a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal," he explained. "But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. It's a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion." He cited Winston Churchill, Britain's prime minister during World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into office when his country's morale was at its lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired the nation when he said, "We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We shall never surrender."

21世纪大学英语应用型综合教程二

1.In the six-and-one half years sincet the federal government beagan certifying food as “organic,”Americans have taken to the idea with considerable enthusiasm.自联邦政府六年半前认证“有机”食品以来,美国人以极大的热情接受了这一概念。 2.To eat well, says Michael Pollanthe,the author of"In Defense of Food,"means avoiding "edible food_like substances"and sticking to real ingredients,increasingly from theplant Kingdom. “吃得好”,《食物无罪》的作者迈克尔波轮说,“意味着避免摄入‘可食用的类似的物质’,并坚持从蔬菜中获取真正营养成分的原则。 3.Neither the enabling legislation nor the regulations address food safety or nutrition. 不论有机食品的立法或是法规都未涉及食品安全或是营养问题. 4.Professor Howard that major corporations now are responsible for at least 25 perceent of all organic manufacturing and marketing. 霍华德教授估计,大公司现在承担了至少25%的有机食品生产和销售。 5.Popularizing such choices may not be as marketable as creating a logo that says"organic" . 推广这样的做法可能不会像设计一个“有机”的标志那么有市场. 1. The two former elephant trainers had seen enough abuse and neglect at circuses and zoos to inspire them to create a sanctuary where elephants could live out their lives. 这两位前驯象员在马戏团和动物园见过太多大象所遭受的虐待和忽视,于是决心为大象建立一座可以颐养天年的憩息所. 2. Soon Hohenwald was rockingas the two greeted each other with ttrumpeting and celebratory bumping.不一会儿,霍恩沃尔德因他们相遇时互致问候的吼声和庆祝性的碰撞而震动起来 3. Shirley and Jenny instantly fell into their old routine,wandering the sanctuary side by side.雪莉和詹妮很快恢复了她们的老习惯:肩并肩地在保护区内闲逛. 4. At one point, the four spent therr hours trumpeting----the vibrations felt by evey living being in the sanctuary.有一次,四头大象持续三小时的鸣吼使保护区内的每个生命都为之震颤。 5. Elephants wear their hearts on their trunks ,as it were,so it was easy to tell that Shirley was not dealing well with Jenny is death----her eyes were half shut and her trunk dragged on the ground. 可以说大象不会隐藏他们的心情,因此和容易看出雪莉无法承受詹妮之死所带来的打击——他的眼睛半闭着,鼻子拖在地上。 1. Sport has the power to change the world,the power to inspire,the power to unite people in away that little else can.体育运动员具有改变世界的力量,其激励人心,团结众人地力量,在某种程度上难有匹敌。 2.During his 27 years in captivity ,mainly on Robben Island,sport helped sustain the spirits of Mandela and his fellow inmates.在他27年的铁窗生活中(主要关押在罗本岛),体育运动支撑着他和难友们的精神。 3.Cities make huge efforts when bidding to stage major sporting events,not just for their commercial worth but for the long---term social benefits

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