泛读教程3第二版The Secret Language of Barrier Signals课文翻译

unit2

The Secret Language of Barrier Signals

障碍信号的秘密语言

People feel safer behind some kind of physical barrier. If a social situation is in any way threatening, then there is an immediate urge to set up such a barricade. For a tiny child faced with a stranger, the problem is usually solved by hiding behind its mother's body and peeping out at the intruder to see what he or she will do next. If the mother's body is not available, then a chair or some other piece of solid furniture will do. If the stranger insists on coming closer, then the peeping face must be hidden too. If the insensitive intruder continues to approach despite these obvious signals of fear, then there is nothing for it but to scream or flee.在某种物理障碍后面，人们感觉更安全。如果一种社会形势有任何威胁，那么立即就会有建立这种障碍的冲动。对于一个面对陌生人的小孩来说，问题通常是通过躲在母亲身后，偷看入侵者，看他或她下一步会做什么来解决的。如果母亲的身体不在，那么一把椅子或其他一些结实的家具就可以了。如果陌生人坚持要走近，那么偷窥的脸也必须藏起来。如果麻木不仁的入侵者不顾这些明显的恐惧信号继续接近，那么除了尖叫或逃跑，它就别无他法了。

This pattern is gradually reduced as the child matures. In teenage girls it may still be detected in the giggling cover-up of the face, with hands or papers, when embarrassed. But by the time we are adult, the childhood hiding, which decreased to adolescent shyness, is expected to disappear altogether, as we bravely stride out to meet our guests, hosts, companions, relatives, colleagues, customers, clients, or friends. Each social occasion involves us, once again, in encounters similar to the ones which made us hide as scared infants and, as then each encounter is slightly threatening. In other words, the fears are still there, but their expression is blocked. Our adult roles demand control and suppression of any primitive urge to withdraw and hide ourselves away. The more formal the occasion and the more dominant or unfamiliar our social companions, the more worrying the moment of encounter becomes. Watching people under these conditions, it is possible to observe the many small ways in which they continue to "hide" behind their mother's skirts. The actions are still there, but they are transformed into less obvious movements and postures. It is these that are the Barrier Signals of adult life.随着孩子的成熟，这种模式逐渐减少。在十几岁的女孩中，当她们感到尴尬时，用手或纸捂着脸，咯咯地笑，仍然可以发现这种情况。但是，当我们长大成人的时候，当我们勇敢地大步走出去迎接客人、主人、同伴、亲戚、同事、顾客、客户或朋友的时候，童年的隐藏，也就是青春期的害羞，预计将完全消失。每一个社交场合都会让我们再次遭遇类似的遭遇，这些遭遇让我们像受惊的婴儿一样躲起来，因为每次遭遇都带有些许威胁。换句话说，恐惧仍然存在，但是它们的表达被阻断了。我们的成人角色要求我们控制和抑制任何想要逃避和躲藏的原始冲动。场合越正式，我们的社交伙伴越占主导地位或越不熟悉，相遇的那一刻就越令人担忧。在这种情况下观察人们，就有可能观察到他们继续“躲”在母亲裙子后面的许多细微之处。动作仍然存在，但它们被转化为不那么明显的动作和姿势。这些是成人生活的障碍信号。

The most popular form of Barrier Signal is the body-cross. In this, the hands or arms are brought into contact with one another in front of the body, forming a temporary "bar" across the trunk. This is not done as a physical act of fending off the other person. It is done, usually at quite a

distance, as a nervous guest approaches a dominant host. The action is performed unconsciously and, if asked about it immediately afterwards, the guest will not be able to remember having made the gesture. It is always disguised in some way, because if it were performed as a primitive fending-off or covering-up action it would obviously be too transparent. The disguise it wears varies from person to person. Here are some examples:最常见的障碍信号形式是身体交叉。在这种情况下，手或手臂在身体前面互相接触，形成一个临时的“横杆”穿过躯干。这不是一种身体上的行为，以抵御另一个人。当一位紧张的客人接近占统治地位的主人时，通常会在相当远的距离内完成。这个动作是无意识地进行的，如果在之后马上被问及这个动作，客人就不会记得做过这个动作。它总是以某种方式被伪装起来，因为如果它是作为一种原始的防御或掩盖行动来执行，它显然会过于透明。它的伪装因人而异。以下是一些例子:

The special guest on a ceremonial occasion is getting off his official limousine. Before he can meet and shake hands with the reception committee, he has to walk alone across the open space in front of the main entrance to the building where the function is being held. A large crowd has come to watch his arrival and the press cameras are flashing. Even for the most experienced of celebrities this is a slightly nervous moment, and the mild fear that is felt expresses itself just as he is halfway across the "greeting-space". As he walks forward, his right hand reaches across his body and makes a last-minute adjustment to his left cuff-link. It pauses there momentarily as he takes a few more steps, and then, at last, he is close enough to reach out his hand for the first of the many hand-shakes.在一个正式场合，这位特别的客人要下他的官方豪华轿车。在与接待委员会见面握手之前，他必须独自走到举办活动的大楼正门前的空地上。一大群人前来观看他的到来，媒体的摄像机也在闪烁。即使对最有经验的名人来说，这也是一个有点紧张的时刻，当他在“问候空间”的中间时，这种轻微的恐惧就会表现出来。当他向前走的时候，他的右手伸过他的身体，在最后一刻调整了他的左袖扣。当他又走了几步时，它停了一下，最后，它离他很近，可以伸出手来，开始多次握手。

On a similar occasion, the special guest is a female. At just the point where a male would have fiddled with his cuff, she reaches across her body with her right hand and slightly shifts the position of her handbag, which is hanging from her left forearm.在类似的场合，特别来宾是一位女性。就在男人摆弄袖口的时候，她用右手在全身上下移动手提包的位置，手提包挂在她的左前臂上。

There are other variations on this theme. A male may finger a button or the strap of a wristwatch instead of his cuff. A female may smooth out an imaginary crease in a sleeve, or reposition a scarf or coat held over her left arm. But in all cases there is one essential feature: at the peak moment of nervousness there is a body-cross, in which one arm makes contact with the other across the front of the body, constructing a barrier between the guest and the reception committee.在这个主题上还有其他的变化。男性可以用手指拨弄钮扣或腕表表带，而不用指袖口。女性可能会把袖子上想象的折痕弄平，或者把围巾或外套重新放在她的左臂上。但在所有情况下，都有一个基本特征:在紧张情绪最严重的时候，会有一个身体交叉，一只胳膊在身体前部与另一只胳膊接触，在客人和接待委员会之间架起一道屏障。

Sometimes the barrier is incomplete. One arm swings across but does not actually make contact with the other. Instead it deals with some trivial clothing-adjustment task on the opposite side of

the body. With even heavier disguise, the hand comes up and across, but goes no further than the far side of the head or face, with a mild stroking or touching action.有时障碍是不完全的。一只胳膊横着摆动，但实际上并没有与另一只胳膊接触。相反，它处理一些琐碎的衣服调整任务在身体的另一边。用更沉重的伪装，手向上和越过，但不超过头或脸的远侧，以一个温和的抚摸或触摸动作。

Such are the Barrier Signals of the greeting situation, where one person is advancing on another. Interestingly, field observations reveal that it is most unlikely that both the greeter and the greeted will perform such actions. Regardless of status, it is nearly always the new arrival who makes the body-cross movement, because it is he who is invading the home territory of the greeters. They are on their own ground or, even if they are not, they were there first and have at least temporary territorial "rights" over the place. This gives them an indisputable dominance at the moment of the greeting. Only if they are extremely subordinate to the new arrival, and perhaps in serious trouble with him, will there be a likelihood of them taking the "body-cross role".这就是问候的障碍信号，一个人向另一个人前进。有趣的是，实地观察显示，迎宾者和被迎宾者都不太可能做出这种行为。无论地位如何，几乎总是新来的人进行身体交叉运动，因为是他入侵了迎宾者的家园。他们是在自己的土地上，或者，即使他们不是，他们是先在那里的，并且至少对这个地方有暂时的领土“权利”。这给了他们在问候时无可争辩的优势。只有当他们极其服从新来者，而且可能与他有严重的麻烦时，他们才有可能扮演“身体交叉角色”。

These observations tell us something about the secret language of Barrier Signals, and indicate that, although the sending and receiving of the signals are both unconsciously done, the message gets across, none the less. The message says: "I am nervous but I will not retreat", and this makes it into an act of subordination which automatically makes the other person feel slightly more dominant and more comfortable.这些观察告诉我们一些关于屏障信号的秘密语言，并表明，尽管信号的发送和接收都是在无意识中完成的，但信息仍然可以被传递。这句话的意思是:“我很紧张，但我不会退缩”，这就变成了一种服从的行为，自然而然地让对方觉得更有统治力，也更舒服。

The situation is different after greetings are over and people are standing about talking to one another. Now, if one man edges too close to another, perhaps to hear better in all the noise of chattering voices, the boxed-in companion may feel the same sort of threatening sensation that the arriving celebrity felt as he walked towards the reception committee. What is needed now, however, is something more long-lasting than a mere cuff-fumble. The favorite body-cross employed in this situation is the arm-fold, in which the left and right arms intertwine themselves across the front of the chest. This posture, a perfect, frontal Barrier Signal, can be held for a very long time without appearing strange. Unconsciously it transmits a "come-no-farther" message and is used a great deal at crowded gatherings. It is rather formally employed by bodyguards when standing outside a protected doorway.问候结束后，人们站在一起交谈，情况就不同了。现在，如果一个人离另一个人太近，也许在嘈杂的谈话声中听不清楚，那么这个被关在箱子里的同伴可能会感到一种威胁的感觉，就像这位即将到来的名人走向接待委员会时的感觉一样。然而，现在需要的是一种比袖扣摸索更持久的东西。在这种情况下，最受欢迎的身体交叉是手臂折叠，其中左臂和右臂缠绕在胸前。这种姿势，一种完美的正面障碍信号，可以保

持很长时间而不会显得奇怪。在不自觉中，它传递出一种“不能再往前走”的信息，在拥挤的聚会上经常使用。当站在受保护的门口时，保镖会正式使用它。

The same device of arm-folding can be used in a sitting relationship where the companion is approaching too close, and it can be amplified by a crossing of the legs away from the companion. But perhaps the major Barrier Signal for the seated person is that universal device, the desk. Many a businessman would feel naked without one and hides behind it gratefully every day. Sitting beyond it he feels fully protected from the visitor exposed on the far side. It is the supreme barrier, both physical and psychological, giving him an immediate and lasting comfort while he remains in its solid embrace.同样的抱臂装置也可以用在伴侣靠得太近的坐着关系中，并且可以通过两腿交叉远离伴侣来放大。但对坐着的人来说，最大的障碍可能是那个通用的设备，桌子。许多商人如果没有钱，会觉得自己一丝不挂，于是每天都心怀感激地躲在背后。坐在它的远处，他觉得自己受到了完全的保护，不受暴露在远处的来访者的伤害。它是身体和心理上的最大障碍，给他一种立即和持久的安慰，而他仍然在它坚实的怀抱中。

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Unit 9 Cross-Cultural Communication 1-5 BCCAB 6-10 AACAB 1-5 BCABC 6-10 CCBAB initial initialize initial initially system systemize systematic systematically difference differ different differently frequency frequent frequent frequently variability vary various variously expression express expressive expressively disrespect disrespect disrespectful disrespectfully verb verbalize verbal verbally 1.A. clue B.cue C. clue D.cue 2.A. attribute B. contribute C. contribute .D. attribute 3.A. subscribe B. ascribe C. subscribe D. ascribe CLOZE well; separating / isolating ; is ; own ; close ; need; look; order; respect; follow; prior; sign/ cue; help; was/ were ; else SECTION B 1-5 BBCTT 6-10 FCCBC 11-15 ACTFF SECTION C 1-5 TFFTF TFT

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Unit 1 Text: Exercises A: c B. 1.b 2.d 3.a 4.b 5.b 6.d 7.d 8.c D. 1.a 2.d 3.d 4.a 5.d 6.c 7.d 8.b Fast reading 1.d 2.b 3.d 4.d 5.a 6.a 7.b 8.a 9.a 10.d 11.c 12.b 13.b 14.d 15.c Home Reading 1.d 2.a 3.c 4.d 5.d 6.a 7.a 8. b Cloze1 1．going/about/trying 2．expectations/predictions 3．questions 4．answers 5． predictions/expectations 6．Tell 7．know/foretell 8．develop/present 9．worth Extra Passage 1 Key：BBCA

Unit 2 Text: Exercises A: b B. 1.d 2.d 3.b 4.c 5.d 6.c 7.c 8.a D. 1.b 2.a 3.d 4.d 5.a 6.c 7.a 8.a 9.c Fast reading 1.d 2.b 3.b 4.d 5.c 6.b 7.d 8.b 9.d 10.b 11.c 12.d 13.d 14.b 15.d Home Reading 1.c 2.b 3.d 4.c 5.c 6.d 7.b 8. b 9.d Cloze 2 1. communicate 2. ways. 3. using 4. of 5. Message 6. meet 7. causes 8. Meanings 9. to 10. eyes Extra Passage 2 Key: ADBCB

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U1 Text Main idea: C Comprehension the text: Bdabb ddc Understanding vocabulary: addad cdb Fast reading: dbdda abaad cbbdc Home reading: dacdd aab U2 Text Main idea: b Comprehension the text:ddbcd cca Understanding vocabulary: baada caac Fast reading: dbbdc bdbdb cddbd Home reading: cbdcc dbbd U3 Text Main idea: d Comprehension the text: badab bdddc Understanding vocabulary: bddba cbcaa Fast reading: cbbbac cdda ccdad Home reading: dbcbd dbdb U4 Text Main idea: c Comprehension the text: ddbcd dc Understanding vocabulary: abdbb ADDAD BC Fast reading: DBCCD BDADD BAACD Home reading: DCDAC BCD U5 Text Main idea: C Comprehension the text: ABDAA DCBD Understanding vocabulary: DBABD DABCB DA Fast reading: CAABD CBDDC CDBAA Home reading: BCCDB DC U6 Text Main idea: B Comprehension the text: CDCAB DDAD

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第一单元：梦想的阴暗之面 艾力克斯? 哈利 许多人怀有美好的愿望，期望能成为作家，但是能够梦想成真的人不多。艾力克斯? 哈利也想成为作家，可是他成功了。阅读下面这篇文章，看一看他成功的原因。 许多青年人对我说，他们想成为作家。我一直鼓励这样的人，但是我也向他们解释“成为作家”和写作之间存在着巨大的差别。多数情况下这些年轻人梦寐以求的是财富与名誉，从未想到要孤身一人长久地坐在打字机旁。“你们渴望的应该是写作，”我对他们说，“而不应该是当作家。” 事实上，写作是一项孤单寂寞而又收入微薄的工作。有一个被命运之神垂青的作家，就有成千上万个永远无法实现梦想的人。即使那些成功人士也经常受到长久的冷落，穷困不堪。我便是其中之一。 我放弃了在海岸警卫队做了二十年的工作，为的是成为一名自由撰稿人，这时，我根本没有前途可言。我所拥有的只是一位住在纽约市的朋友，乔治? 西姆斯，他和我是在田纳西州的赫宁一起长大的。乔治为我找了个家，位于格林威治村公寓大楼中的一间腾空的储藏室，而他是那幢大楼的管理员。房子里冷嗖嗖的，没有卫生间，不过这没什么。我马上买了一台旧的手动打字机，感觉自己颇象一位名符其实的作家。 然而，大约一年后，我的写作生涯依然没有任何起色，我开始怀疑自己。卖出一篇小说是如此艰难，以至我几乎填不饱肚子。但是，我清楚的是我想写作，我已梦寐以求了许多年。我并不准备成为一名到死时还在想假如的人。我会坚持把我的梦想付诸实践-- 即使这梦想意味着不稳定的生活和对失败的恐惧。这是希望的阴暗面，任何心存梦想的人都必须学会在这阴暗面下生存。 后来有一天，我接到了一个电话，由此改变了我的一生。这并不是一位代理人或编辑打来电话，主动要求与我签大的稿约。恰恰相反-- 是一声鸣笛，诱使我放弃梦想。打电话来的是海岸警卫队的老熟人，现在在旧金山。他曾经借给我几美元，喜欢催我还给他。“我什么时候才能拿到那十五美元，艾力克斯？”他逗我说。 “等我下一次卖出作品吧。” “我有个好主意，”他说，“我们这儿需要一位新的公共信息管理员，年薪六千美元。若想干，那就是你的了。” 年薪六千美元！这个数目在1960年可真是值钱啊。我可以有一套上好的公寓，一辆二手车，可以还清债务，也许还可有些结余。另外，我还可以业余写作。 当这些美元在我的脑海里晃动时，某种东西却使我神志清醒起来。我的内心深处升起一个坚强的信念。我曾经梦想成为一名作家-- 一名专业作家。那才是我的追求。“谢谢你，但是我不去，”我听见自己在说。“我会坚持到底来写作。” 后来，我在蜗居里踱来踱，开始觉得自己象个傻瓜。我打开橱柜-- 一只钉在墙上的桔黄色板条箱-- 把里面的东西全部弄了出来：两罐沙丁鱼。我把手伸进口袋，只摸出十八美分。我把罐头和硬币一起塞进一个皱巴巴的纸袋中。你看，艾力克斯，我自言自语道，你迄今为止努力的结果都在这里。我不知道，自己是不是曾经情绪如此低落过。 我希望自己能说，情况马上开始好转。但是并没有。感谢上帝，幸亏有乔治帮我渡过了难关。 通过乔治，我结识了另外一些正在艰苦奋斗的艺术家，象乔? 德拉尼，一位来自田纳西州科诺科斯威尔市的老画家。乔经常常没吃饭的钱，于是就去光顾附近社区的一位屠户和一个食品商。屠户会送给他一些带点肉的大骨头，从食品商那里他可以弄到一些枯萎的蔬菜。

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Unit 1 Text: Exercises A: c B. D. Fast reading Home Reading 8. b Cloze1 1．going/about/trying 2．expectations/predictions 3．questions 4．answers 5． predictions/expectations 6．Tell 7．know/foretell 8．develop/present 9．worth Extra Passage 1 Key：BBCA Unit 2 Text: Exercises

A: b B. D. Fast reading Home Reading 8. b Cloze 2 1. communicate 2. ways. 3. using 4. of 5. Message 6. meet 7. causes 8. Meanings 9. to 10. eyes Extra Passage 2 Key: ADBCB Unit 3 Text: Exercises A: d

B. D. Fast reading Home Reading 8. d Cloze3 1．poor 2．habits 3．Lies 4． little 5．Unfortunately 6．what 7．slows 8．one reads. 9． than 10．Comprehension 11． cover Extra Passage 3 Key: DBABA Unit 4 Text: Exercises A: c B.

D. Fast reading Home Reading Cloze 4 1. studied 2.Satisfaction 3.reduced 4.reported 5.whose 6.published 7.on 8.such 9.illustrate/show/indicate 10. contributions Extra Passage 4 Key: ADDB Unit 5 Text: Exercises A: c B. D. Fast reading