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英语中准确性

英语中准确性
英语中准确性

浅谈英语中的准确性

摘要英语翻译中,常常会出现一些令人忍俊不禁的笑话,尤其在今日日益频繁的广告语中。追究这种笑话出现的原因,是对翻译的准确性的基本要求的偏离。偏离的原因是对翻译方法的掌握不够,而方法的背后的深层原因是对文化语境的理解不够深刻。

关键词:准确直译意译翻译意识

中图分类号:h059文献标识码:a

何谓“翻译”?我国《辞海》和《汉语大词典》中的定义是:“把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。”不同的专家、学者也从不同的方面给翻译下了不同的定义。范文存先生指出,翻译是“把一种语言已经表达出来的东西用另一种语言准确而完整地重新表达出来”;张今认为是“两个语言社会之间促进本语言社会的政治、经济和(或)文化进步,它的任务是要把原作中包含的现实世界的逻辑映象或艺术映象,完好无损地从一种语言转移到另一种语言中去”,“是从语义到文体两个方面在翻译语种用最切近的自然对等语再现原语的信息。”

从以上定义可以看出,翻译涉及到翻译过程中两种语言的内容和形式之间的矛盾,或者更确切地说翻译主要是解决原文的内容与译文的内容与形式之间的矛盾。但是从中可以看出,对翻译的定义,一个比一个更具体化。虽对翻译的效果并没有在定义上显示。不过,最后一个定义,已然指出了对翻译的要求,即:“完好无损”。这里就包含了对翻译的准确性的要求。

符号用英语怎么读

键盘上的符号用英语怎么读? ` backquote 反引号 ~ tilde ! exclam @ at # numbersign,英语国家是hash,美语是pound,音乐里作sharp,如C# $ dollar % percent ^ caret & ampersand * asterisk,star(美语),数学公式中作multiply ( parenleft,opening parentheses ) parenright,closing paretheses - minus;hyphen连字符,不读 _ underscore + plus = equal [ bracketleft,opening bracket ] bracketright,closing bracket { braceleft } braceright ; semicolon : colon ' quote " doublequote / slash \ backslash 反斜杠 | bar , comma < less

> greater . period ? question space 空格 其他符号的读法 < is less than > is more than ≮ is not less than ≯ is not more than ≤ is less than or equal to 小于或等于号 - hyphen 连字符 ≥ is more than or equal to 大于或等于号 ' apostrophe 省略号,英文中省略字符用的撇号;所有格符号% percent - dash 破折号 ‰ per mille ∞ infinity 无限大号 ∝ varies as 与…成比例 ( ) parentheses 圆括号 √ (square) root 平方根 [ ] square brackets 方括号 ∵ since; because 因为 《》 French quotes 法文引号;书名号 ∴ hence 所以 … ellipsis 省略号 ∷ equals, as (proportion) 等于,成比例 ¨ tandem colon 双点号

英语中五种基本句型,练习题及答案 人教版

高三英语导学案 课题;基本句型第3课时总第3课时 编制人:审批人:编制日期:2014-3-13 使用日期: 学习目标:让学生掌握高中英语基本句型 预习效果检测:请选出与下面句子结构一致的选项。 a.主-----系-----表 b. 主----动 c. 主-----动----宾 d. 主----动----间宾----直宾 e. 主----动-----宾-----补 1. The pain drove me mad. ( ) 2. Her explanation sounds crazy.( ) 3. She threw him a kiss. ( ) 4. Time flies. ( ) 5. The cat caught the little mouse. ( ) 6. Many people consider the astronaut a great hero. ( ) 7. He has grown very old. ( ) 8. Mike is healthy.( ) 9. Architects design buildings. ( ) 10. She offered me some cake.( ) 答案:1. e 2. a 3. d 4. b 5. c 6. e 7. a 8. a 9. c 10. D 疑难点拨及拓展 英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 基本句型一:S +V(主+谓) 基本句型二:S +V +P(主+系+表) 基本句型三:S +V +O(主+谓+宾) 基本句型四:S +V +IO +O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 基本句型五:S +V +O +C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一 S +V(主+谓)

英语it的用法小结

英语it的用法小结 江苏沛县湖西中学鹿俊先 221611 1.实义的it。 实义的it用来指代具体的内容。 1.1.指代上文提过的除人以外的生物或非生物,复数形式为they。 The earth is the planet that we live on. It is the fifth largest planet of the solar system. This car is not fast enough. It can only do 60 miles an hour. John is in the school football team. It was reorganized last year. “Where is the cat?”“It is in the garden.” “Where are the cats?”“They are in the garden.” 1.2.指代上文提过的性别不明或无须指明性别的小孩。 To feed a child without also educating it is a fault in the father. What’s matter with the baby? It has been crying. Her baby is due next month. She hopes it will be boy. 1.3.作主语指代上文提过的人,谓语用以指明该人的身份。 “Who is that at the door?”“It’s the postman.” The footsteps drew nearer and she saw from behind the curtain who her visitor was. And she opened the door to welcome her. It was Maria Cragg.(文中的主人已知客人是谁,所以在使用It之前就使用了her,但读者依然不明白,所以最后用It 作主语谓语指明该人的身份。) 1.4.作主语,指代谓语部分所说明的自然现象(如:风、雨、热、冷)、季节、时间、距离、环境等。 It was raining hard when he got off the train. Is it very cold in your country in December? It is high time (that) we had a rest. It was early spring / 1986 when we first met. It is six months since he lost his job. It won’t be long before we meet again. It is only two hours’ ride / eighty miles to Cleveland. It is very dark / pretty / crowded / noisy /dirty in the room. 1.5.指代上下文或一定语境所表明的情况、事件等。 “I’m trying to change my job.”“You’ll find it difficult.”(it指调换工作这件事。) “I’ll have to work all night through.”“It is awful.”(it指你彻夜工作这件事。)You’ll be in trouble before you know it.(it指你陷入困境这件事。。) English is very important, and we all know it.(it指英语的重要性。) When the factory closes, it will mean 500 redundancies.(it指工厂倒闭这件事。有些学者把此处及以下四个句子中的it解释为形式主语或形式宾语但却无法解释没有真正的主语/宾语何来形式主语/宾语。) I’d appreciate it if you could help me with the work.(it指你帮助我工作这件事。)

高中英语语法:It的完整用法精讲 打印版

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特殊符号英文读法

asterisk (*) plus sign (+) minus sign (-) forward slash (/) backslash (\) percent symbol (%) exclamation point symbol (!) underscore (_) equal sign (=) decimal points (.) semicolon (;) increment (++) operators decrement (--) operators ( ) Parenthesis { } Braces [ ] Brackets , Comma ; Semicolon ' Quote @ At +plus加号;正号 -minus减号;负号 ±plus or minus正负号 ×is multiplied by乘号 ÷is divided by除号 =is equal to等于号 ≠is not equal to不等于号 ≡is equivalent to全等于号 ≌is equal to or approximately equal to等于或约等于号≈is approximately equal to约等于号 <is less than小于号 >is more than大于号 ≮is not less than不小于号 ≯is not more than不大于号 ≤is less than or equal to小于或等于号 ≥is more than or equal to大于或等于号 %per cent百分之… ‰per mill千分之… ∞infinity无限大号 ∝varies as与…成比例 √(square) root平方根 ∵since; because因为 ∴hence所以

英语中的五种基本句型.

五种基本句型 句子由主语和谓语两大部分组成。主语结构比较单一,谓语结构则不然,不同类别的谓语动词导致不同的谓语结构,从而形成了不同的句型(Sentence Pattern)。换句话说,不同的句型是由不同类别的谓语动词所决定的,因此,句型又被称为动词句型(Verb Pattern)。语法家们对句型的分类不尽相同,一般认为,现代英语的基本句型主要有五种: 1.“主----系-----表”(SLP)句型: 在这种句型中,谓语动词是以be为主的连系动词(Linking Verb),后面跟主语补语(Subject Complement),如: These oranges have kept fresh. 这些桔子一直很新鲜。 Mary is a student / here /in the room. 玛丽是个学生/在这儿/在房间里。 有的语法家把be后面的副词(短语)或介词短语视为状语,从而形成了“主----动-----状”(SVA)这一在五种基本句型之外的句型(见上面最后一个例句)。 2.“主----动”(SV)句型: 在这种句型中,谓语动词为不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),谓语部分通常只包括限定动词,即使有状语,也属任意性状语,即:去掉后并不影响句子结构和意义的完整,如:This bread won’t keep (for a long time). 这种面包不好(长期)存放。 Tom has left. 前面说过,有些句子中的状语是不可缺少的,这种状语被称为必具性状语,从而构成“主 ----动----状”(SVA)句型,但这仅限于少数几个动词的某些用法,因而不是一种主要句型,如: They are staying in a hotel. 他们暂住在一家旅馆里。 3.“主----动-----宾”(SVO)句型: 在这种句型中,谓语动词为只带一个宾语的及物动词,这种动词被称为单宾语及物动词(Monotransitive Verb),如: He kept the money. 他保存着这些钱。 They have left the hotel. 他们已经离开了那家旅馆。 在这种句型中,状语通常也不是必不可少的,但有少数几个及物动词的某些用法要求必具性状语,从而形成了“主----动-----宾-----状”(SVOA)这一在五种基本句型之外的另一种句型,如: The train leaves London at nine. 这列火车九点钟驶离伦敦。

高考英语It的用法(专项总结及训练)

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英语it的用法及练习

it的用法及练习 一、概述 在英语中,it的使用相当广泛,它既可用作代词,如人称代词(personal it)、指示代词(demonstrative it)及非人称代词(impersonal it), 也可用作引导词(anticipatory it)和强调结构中的强调词(emphatic it) Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is.有人在按门铃。去看看是谁。(人称代词)What’s this?这是什么? It’s a book.这是一本书。(指示代词) What a long way it is from Beijing to London! 从北京到伦敦真远。(非人称代词) It's best to plant trees in spring because it's warmer.春天是植树的最佳时节,因为天气更暖和。(作引导词) It was I who met him in the park last week. 是我上星期在公园遇到他的。(强调结构中的强调词) 二、it作代词 1、用作人称代词(personal it) 代替前文提到过的事物,it作真实主语或宾语。 The frog is not a warm-blooded animal. It is a cold-blooded one.青蛙不是温血动物,它是冷血动物。My pen is missing. I can't find it anywhere. 我的笔丢了,我哪儿也找不到它了。 I won't be back tonight. Please tell my wife about it .我今晚不回来了,请你向我妻子说一声。 I was disappointed with the film. I had expected it to be much better. 我对这部电影很失望,我曾盼望它更好。 Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but it didn't help.汤姆的妈妈不停地告诉他要努力,但这没起作用。 2、用作指示代词(demonstrative it) 相当于this或that,it有时不特指某件东西,而代表前面已提到的或将会发生的某件事情。 -Who is knocking at the door? —谁在敲门?

这些符号用英语怎么读

这些符号用英语怎么读 键盘上的英文怎么读: ` backquote 反引号 ~ tilde ! exclam @ at # numbersign,英语国家是hash,美语是pound,音乐里作sharp,如C# $ dollar % percent ^ caret & ampersand * asterisk,star(美语),数学公式中作multiply ( parenleft,opening parentheses ) parenright,closing paretheses - minus;hyphen连字符,不读 _ underscore + plus = equal [ bracketleft,opening bracket ] bracketright,closing bracket { braceleft } braceright ; semicolon : colon ' quote " doublequote / slash backslash 反斜杠 | bar , comma < less > greater . period ? question space 空格 其他符号的读法 <is less than >is more than ≮is not less than ≯is not more than

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